Technical background
Nano semiconductor material, because of the optical property of its uniqueness, makes them have new potential using value in the field such as optical, electrical, becomes an important component part of field of photocatalytic material research.But also because the nano material small-size effect, quantum size effect, surface effects and the interfacial effect that have make this kind of material have the macroeffects such as the electricity of a series of excellence, magnetic, light, mechanics and chemistry, so attracted the further investigation of more scholars.But in the research of Nano semiconductor photocatalyst, the majority related to is the nano semiconductor material of broad stopband, as TiO
2, ZnO, SnO
2etc., because these nano semiconductor materials itself have very large band-gap energy, can only by the ultraviolet excitation of short wavelength, they are not high to the utilization ratio of sun power, are therefore necessary to develop visible light-responded novel visible photocatalyst.As everyone knows, cuprous sulfide (Cu
2s) as the p-type semiconductor material of a kind of low energy gap (Eg=1.2 ~ 1.24eV), there is good chemistry and thermostability, be a kind of optical, electrical material well, have huge application potential in the field such as visible light photocatalysis, Solar use.
Up to now, material supply section scholar has developed many synthetic methods to prepare nanometer Cu
2s.Wherein, liquid phase method is preparation nanometer Cu
2the method that S powder is the most frequently used.Such as, take neutralized verdigris as copper source,
thioacetamide or thiocarbamide are sulphur source, and glycol ether is solvent and reductive agent, have synthesized nanometer Cu by high temperature polyol alcohol method
2s (Wu Dezhi, the preparation of nanometer cuprous sulfide and matrix material thereof, sign and Photocatalytic Performance Study, Southwest Jiaotong University's master thesis, 2012; Peng Meng, the preparation of cuprous sulfide nano material, sign and character research, Central China Normal University's master thesis, 2008); With Gerhardite and thiocarbamide for raw material, take Thiovanic acid as stablizer, adopt water heat transfer nanometer Cu
2s (Wang Nan, the synthesis of cuprous sulfide nano material and application thereof, Harbin Institute of Technology's master thesis, 2013); Take cuprous chloride as copper source, thioacetamide is sulphur source, and Thiovanic acid is ligands stabilize agent, adopts heated aqueous method to synthesize water-soluble monodispersed Cu
2s nanocrystalline (Ma Guanxiang, Cu
2the aqueous phase regulation and control synthesis of S colloid nanocrystalline and self-assembly research, Donghua University Ph.D. Dissertation, 2014).But generally need to use organism reductive agent, stablizer in common Liquid preparation methods process, the use of these organic compound can cause certain pollution to environment on the one hand, does not meet the guiding theory of Green Chemistry; On the other hand, these organic additives are difficult to remove totally in the product of synthesis, affect quality product.In addition, the product particles of Liquid preparation methods is also easily reunited, and the particle size range of product is wider, and preparation process is comparatively complicated, needs polystep reaction.So investigators are striving to find environmental protection, the simple new preparation process of step always.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide that a kind of quality product is high, the Cu of the simple environmental protection of preparation method
2the preparation method of S nano-powder photocatalyst material.
Technical solution problem of the present invention, adopts following technical scheme:
The solid state reaction preparation method of cuprous sulfide nano-powder of the present invention, its feature is: using solid cuprous halide as Cu
+source, using solid, water soluble sulfide as S
2-source, described solid cuprous halide and described solid, water soluble sulfide are added in zirconia ball grinding jar after mixing and carry out solid phase mechanical ball milling in 1:0.6 ~ 1 in molar ratio, Ball-milling Time 0.5 ~ 10 hour, then with deionized water wash gained solid materials to remove water-soluble impurity wherein, last vacuum-drying again, obtains cuprous sulfide nano-powder.
The solid state reaction preparation method of cuprous sulfide nano-powder of the present invention, its feature is also: described solid cuprous halide is cuprous chloride or cuprous iodide; Described solid, water soluble sulfide is sodium sulphite or potassium sulphide.
Described vacuum-drying is vacuum-drying 2 hours under 80 DEG C and 0.1MPa vacuum tightness.
Preferably, described solid cuprous halide and described solid, water soluble sulfide are 1:0.6 in molar ratio, and Ball-milling Time is 2 hours.The rotating speed of ball grinder is 480 revs/min.
By changing the Ball-milling Time of reaction raw materials, change Cu
2cu in S nano material
2the average grain size of S, thus the band gap width regulating nano material.
The present invention, by the control of some particular parameters in solid phase mechanical ball milling reaction process, prepares Cu
2s nano-powder photocatalyst material.Relative to the Cu reported before
2s nano-powder preparation method, the present invention has following outstanding feature:
(1) adopt simple mechanico-chemical reaction synthetic technology, preparation technology is simple, with low cost, favorable repeatability, can realize scale operation under normal temperature and condition of normal pressure;
(2) reaction process is without the need to solvent, additive and redox agent, and productive rate is high, pollution-free, more environmental protection and economy;
(3) Cu adopting the inventive method to prepare
2the photocatalytic activity of S nano-powder is good.
Embodiment
Embodiment prepared by the solid state reaction of nanometer cuprous sulfide photocatalyst material of the present invention is below provided.
Embodiment 1
Mol ratio according to 1: 0.6 takes 0.02 mole of analytically pure CuCl, 0.012 mole of analytically pure Na
2s9H
2o to add in the 50mL zirconia ball grinding jar of outfit 50 diameter 6mm zirconium oxide balls and 8 diameter 10mm zirconium oxide balls continuously grinding 2.0 hours, the rotating speed of ball grinder is 480 revs/min, wash with deionized water, vacuum-drying 2 hours under 80 DEG C and 0.1MPa vacuum tightness, obtaining average grain size is 29.7nm Cu
2s nano-powder.
Embodiment 2
Mol ratio according to 1: 0.7 takes 0.02 mole of analytically pure CuCl, 0.014 mole of analytically pure Na
2s9H
2o to add in the 50mL zirconia ball grinding jar of outfit 50 diameter 6mm zirconium oxide balls and 8 diameter 10mm zirconium oxide balls continuously grinding 2.0 hours, the rotating speed of ball grinder is 480 revs/min, wash with deionized water, vacuum-drying 2 hours under 80 DEG C and 0.1MPa vacuum tightness, obtaining average grain size is 29.6nm Cu
2s nano-powder.
Embodiment 3
Mol ratio according to 1: 0.8 takes 0.02 mole of analytically pure CuCl, 0.016 mole of analytically pure Na
2s9H
2o to add in the 50mL zirconia ball grinding jar of outfit 50 diameter 6mm zirconium oxide balls and 8 diameter 10mm zirconium oxide balls continuously grinding 2.0 hours, the rotating speed of ball grinder is 480 revs/min, wash with deionized water, vacuum-drying 2 hours under 80 DEG C and 0.1MPa vacuum tightness, obtaining average grain size is 29.4nm Cu
2s nano-powder.
Embodiment 4
Mol ratio according to 1: 0.9 takes 0.02 mole of analytically pure CuCl, 0.018 mole of analytically pure Na
2s9H
2o to add in the 50mL zirconia ball grinding jar of outfit 50 diameter 6mm zirconium oxide balls and 8 diameter 10mm zirconium oxide balls continuously grinding 2.0 hours, the rotating speed of ball grinder is 480 revs/min, wash with deionized water, vacuum-drying 2 hours under 80 DEG C and 0.1MPa vacuum tightness, obtaining average grain size is 29.1nm Cu
2s nano-powder.
Embodiment 5
Mol ratio according to 1: 1 takes 0.02 mole of analytically pure CuCl, 0.02 mole of analytically pure Na
2s9H
2o to add in the 50mL zirconia ball grinding jar of outfit 50 diameter 6mm zirconium oxide balls and 8 diameter 10mm zirconium oxide balls continuously grinding 2 hours, the rotating speed of ball grinder is 480 revs/min, wash with deionized water, vacuum-drying 2 hours under 80 DEG C and 0.1MPa vacuum tightness, obtaining average grain size is 29.1nm Cu
2s nano-powder.
Embodiment 6
Mol ratio according to 1: 0.6 takes 0.02 mole of analytically pure CuCl, 0.012 mole of analytically pure Na
2s9H
2o to add in the 50mL zirconia ball grinding jar of outfit 50 diameter 6mm zirconium oxide balls and 8 diameter 10mm zirconium oxide balls continuously grinding 0.5 hour, the rotating speed of ball grinder is 480 revs/min, wash with deionized water, vacuum-drying 2 hours under 80 DEG C and 0.1MPa vacuum tightness, obtaining average grain size is 23.2nm Cu
2s nano-powder.
Embodiment 7
Mol ratio according to 1: 0.6 takes 0.02 mole of analytically pure CuCl, 0.012 mole of analytically pure Na
2s9H
2o to add in the 50mL zirconia ball grinding jar of outfit 50 diameter 6mm zirconium oxide balls and 8 diameter 10mm zirconium oxide balls continuously grinding 1.0 hours, the rotating speed of ball grinder is 480 revs/min, wash with deionized water, vacuum-drying 2 hours under 80 DEG C and 0.1MPa vacuum tightness, obtaining average grain size is 26.9nm Cu
2s nano-powder.
Embodiment 8
Mol ratio according to 1: 0.6 takes 0.02 mole of analytically pure CuCl, 0.012 mole of analytically pure Na
2s9H
2o to add in the 50mL zirconia ball grinding jar of outfit 50 diameter 6mm zirconium oxide balls and 8 diameter 10mm zirconium oxide balls continuously grinding 3.0 hours, the rotating speed of ball grinder is 480 revs/min, wash with deionized water, vacuum-drying 2 hours under 80 DEG C and 0.1MPa vacuum tightness, obtaining average grain size is 30.6nm Cu
2s nano-powder.
Embodiment 9
Mol ratio according to 1: 0.6 takes 0.02 mole of analytically pure CuCl, 0.012 mole of analytically pure Na
2s9H
2o to add in the 50mL zirconia ball grinding jar of outfit 50 diameter 6mm zirconium oxide balls and 8 diameter 10mm zirconium oxide balls continuously grinding 4.0 hours, the rotating speed of ball grinder is 480 revs/min, wash with deionized water, vacuum-drying 2 hours under 80 DEG C and 0.1MPa vacuum tightness, obtaining average grain size is 32.9nm Cu
2s nano-powder.
Embodiment 10
Mol ratio according to 1: 0.6 takes 0.02 mole of analytically pure CuCl, 0.012 mole of analytically pure Na
2s9H
2o to add in the 50mL zirconia ball grinding jar of outfit 50 diameter 6mm zirconium oxide balls and 8 diameter 10mm zirconium oxide balls continuously grinding 10.0 hours, the rotating speed of ball grinder is 480 revs/min, wash with deionized water, vacuum-drying 2 hours under 80 DEG C and 0.1MPa vacuum tightness, obtaining average grain size is 39.4nm Cu
2s nano-powder.
Embodiment 11
Mol ratio according to 1: 0.6 takes 0.02 mole of analytically pure CuI, 0.012 mole of analytically pure Na
2s9H
2o to add in the 50mL zirconia ball grinding jar of outfit 50 diameter 6mm zirconium oxide balls and 8 diameter 10mm zirconium oxide balls continuously grinding 2.0 hours, the rotating speed of ball grinder is 480 revs/min, wash with deionized water, vacuum-drying 2 hours under 80 DEG C and 0.1MPa vacuum tightness, obtaining average grain size is 29.1nm Cu
2s nano-powder.
Embodiment 12
Mol ratio according to 1: 0.6 takes 0.02 mole of analytically pure CuI, 0.012 mole of analytically pure K
2s5H
2o adds oxygen and to be equipped with in the 50mLization zirconium ball grinder of 50 diameter 6mm zirconium oxide balls and 8 diameter 10mm zirconium oxide balls continuously grinding 2.0 hours, the rotating speed of ball grinder is 480 revs/min, wash with deionized water, vacuum-drying 2 hours under 80 DEG C and 0.1MPa vacuum tightness, obtaining average grain size is 29.3nm Cu
2s nano-powder.
Embodiment 13
Mol ratio according to 1: 0.6 takes 0.02 mole of analytically pure CuCl, 0.012 mole of analytically pure K
2s5H
2o to add in the 50mL zirconia ball grinding jar of outfit 50 diameter 6mm zirconium oxide balls and 8 diameter 10mm zirconium oxide balls continuously grinding 2.0 hours, the rotating speed of ball grinder is 480 revs/min, wash with deionized water, vacuum-drying 2 hours under 80 DEG C and 0.1MPa vacuum tightness, obtaining average grain size is 29.6nm Cu
2s nano-powder.
The interpretation of result of above-described embodiment:
1, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD analysis): respectively by Cu obtained for embodiment 1,2,3,4 and 5
2s nano-powder carries out XRD analysis, the results are shown in Figure 1.Obtained by Scherrer formulae discovery: CuCl and Na in reaction raw materials
2s9H
2o mol ratio is respectively 1: 0.6, and 1: 0.7,1: 0.8,1: 0.9, when 1: 1, gained Cu
2the average grain size of S particle is respectively 29.7,29.6,29.4,29.1,29.1nm, shows Na in reaction raw materials
2s9H
2the change of O content is to Cu
2the average crystal grain size impact of S is little.Meanwhile, obtained to embodiment 6,7,8,9 and 10 nanometer Cu
2s photocatalyst carries out XRD analysis, the results are shown in Figure 2.Obtained by Scherrer formulae discovery equally: when being respectively 0.5,1,3,4,10h in Ball-milling Time, gained Cu
2the average grain size of S particle is respectively 23.2,26.9,30.6,32.9,39.4nm, shows the prolongation along with Ball-milling Time, product C u
2the average crystal grain size of S becomes large gradually.In preparation process, can by appropriate change Ball-milling Time control Cu
2the average grain size of S particle.
2, pattern and grain size analysis: the Cu obtained to embodiment 1
2s nano-powder carries out scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM), and its result as shown in Figure 3.As can be seen from Figure 3, Cu
2s particle is almost spherical, and its granular size is about 30 ~ 50nm, substantially consistent with the average grain size 29.7nm that XRD records.But it can also be seen that from figure, Cu
2there is part agglomeration in S nano-powder.
3, photocatalysis performance analysis: take the Cu that embodiment 1 is obtained
2s nano-powder 0.25g adds in 100mL methyl orange solution (10mg/L), opens in dark place ultrasonic 15 minutes, then induction stirring 30 minutes, makes it fully disperse, and makes absorption reach balance.By in the mixing solutions impouring 500mL glass reaction cup after adsorption equilibrium, under 500W xenon lamp irradiates, carry out photocatalytic degradation reaction, mixing solutions sample is 20cm apart from the distance of light source, sampling and measuring tropeolin-D concentration at regular intervals, analyze methyl orange degradation situation, the results are shown in Figure 4.As can be seen from Figure 4, the nanometer Cu that embodiment 1 is obtained
2s photocatalyst can effectively be degraded to methyl orange solution under 500W xenon lamp irradiates, and after illumination 120min, the degradation rate of tropeolin-D can reach 91.3%.Above result shows, prepared Cu
2s nano-powder has good photocatalysis performance.