CN104815485A - Transparent charge nanofiber air filtering material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Transparent charge nanofiber air filtering material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104815485A CN104815485A CN201510185587.2A CN201510185587A CN104815485A CN 104815485 A CN104815485 A CN 104815485A CN 201510185587 A CN201510185587 A CN 201510185587A CN 104815485 A CN104815485 A CN 104815485A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a transparent charge nanofiber air filtering material and a preparation method thereof. The transparent charge nanofiber air filtering material is prepared from a charge polymer by spinning, or from a neutral polymer by spinning and by use of corona charges. The ash removal efficiency of the air filter material is above 95%, and the transparency, the air permeability and the mechanical strength of the air filter material are excellent; besides, ash removal regeneration can be realized by use of a common electrostatic dust collection brush or a matched charge generator; the preparation process is simple, green and environmental friendly, and has favorable application prospect in electrostatic filtering and in particular in filter windows for indoor air purification.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material and preparation method thereof, particularly relate to a kind of indoor air purification filtering window transparent charged nanofiber and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Dust in atmospheric environment is divided into depositing dust and floating dust two kinds.So-called depositing dust refers to the material of pollutant sedimentation by the weight of self in air.So-called floating dust just refers to the swim particle of grit below 10 μm.In dust, especially the harm of floating dust to people of 0.5 ~ 5 μm is maximum, because containing multiple toxic metals or carcinogenic substance in this kind of floating dust.Along with the fast development of Industry and Construction, these dust in air get more and more, healthy to people of serious threat.In light of this situation, air filting material obtains and develops rapidly in recent years, and indoor air purification is particularly important.
At present, existing air filting material is based on polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile etc., and filter effect is better, but all act as master to tackle effect, inertial deposition, gravitational settling etc., do not relate to application electro static filtering dedusting, the performance report about the regeneration of air filting material deashing is also fewer.The most important is, the air filting material as indoor air purification will have good light transmittance and permeability, and these commercially available at present materials all do not reach these requirements.Have been reported about electrostatic precipitation window, but it uses high-tension electricity, not only energy consumption is large, and dangerous.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material and preparation method thereof, light transmittance is high, good permeability, mechanical strength are high, better by electrostatic effect filter effect, and only need can carry out deashing regeneration by common electrostatic precipitation brush.
The technical scheme that the problem that the present invention is the above-mentioned proposition of solution adopts is:
A kind of transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material, is obtained by spinning by charged polymer, or is obtained through spinning, corona charging by neutral polymer.
By such scheme, described charged polymer is containing the one in carboxyl, sulfonic group, phosphonate group, the homopolymers of quaternary ammonium group or copolymer, or several mixture by any ratio; Wherein, this homopolymers or copolymer are styrene, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, acrylate, the homopolymers of methacrylate or copolymer, as the polystyrene containing sulfonic group, phosphonate group, containing the polystyrene etc. of triethyl ammonium chloride; Or this homopolymers or copolymer are polyphenylene oxide, polysulfones etc.Described charged polymer weight average molecular weight is 10000-10000000.
By such scheme, described neutral polymer is one or several mixtures by any ratio in vinyl chloride, propylene, butadiene, styrene, acrylonitrile, acrylate, alpha-olefin, the homopolymers of methacrylate or copolymer; Or described neutral polymer is one or several mixtures by any ratio in polyethers, polysulfones, polyimides, polyether-ether-ketone, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Kynoar, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, lignin, chitin, shitosan.Described neutral charged polymer weight average molecular weight is 10000-10000000.
By such scheme, described spinning is electrostatic spinning or melt spinning, and the parameter of electrostatic spinning is: spinning voltage is 10 ~ 50kV, and the time is 30min-90min; The parameter of melt spinning is: spinning temperature is 200-250 DEG C, and the time is 45min-75min.
By such scheme, when described electrostatic spinning or melt spinning, the mass fraction that charged polymer or neutral polymer are mixed with is the solution of 1-20%, all adoptable solvent is N, N-dimethylacetylamide, N, dinethylformamide, one or several mixtures by any ratio in the conventional polar solvents such as dichloroethanes, chloroform, oxolane.
By such scheme, described corona charging parameter is: cathode voltage is 10 ~ 40kV, and cathode voltage is 5 ~ 50kV, and electrode distance is 0.1 ~ 4cm.
Transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material prepared by the present invention is the film piled up by nanofiber, wherein, the diameter of described nanofiber is 5-800nm, and film thickness is 0.5-500 μm, light transmittance is 50-99.99%, and charge density is 0.5-10uC/m
2, Air permenbility is 10-20L/m
2s, fracture strength 60-80MPa.
The main preparation process of transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of the present invention is spinning, spinning gained nanofiber piles up the film formed, nanofiber is piled up closely, and the space between nanofiber is enough little, thus effectively can stop light scattering, thus ensure that the transparency of air filting material; And, the charged of air filting material makes it possess electro static filtering performance, its Coulomb force can realize the efficient capture to particle, cleaning efficiency reaches more than 95%, and use the charge generators etc. of common electrostatic precipitation brush or pairing just can carry out deashing regeneration, indoor air purification filtering window has a good application prospect.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) air filting material of the present invention is mainly made up of nanofiber, compared with common filtering material, greatly can reduce light scattering by the tightly packed of nanofiber, thus ensure that its high light transmittance;
(2) compared with neutral filtering material, the charged absorption efficiency that can improve dust of gained air filting material of the present invention, in addition owing to there is electrostatic interaction, use common electrostatic precipitation brush can realize regenerating the deashing of this air filting material, increase the service life;
(3) gained air filting material mechanical strength of the present invention is high, and be not easily destroyed, Air permenbility is high, is conducive to the circulation of room air, high to the clearance of dust, and preparation technology is simple, environmental protection.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscopic picture (left figure is high magnification, and right figure is low range) of embodiment 1 gained air filting material;
Fig. 2 is the photo in kind of embodiment 1 gained air filting material.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the description of this part is only exemplary and explanatory, should not have any restriction to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material, its preparation method concrete steps are: by weight average molecular weight be 10000000 sulfonated polystyrene be dissolved in solvent and be made into the polymer solution that mass fraction is 20%, solvent for use is mass ratio is the oxolane of 1:1 and the mixed solution of chloroform, then electrostatic spinning 90min under the condition of 50kV, namely obtains transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material.
Through electron microscopic observation, as shown in Figure 1, the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of gained is the film piled up by nanofiber, and wherein the average diameter of nanofiber is 800nm; As shown in Figure 2, thickness is 500 μm to gained filtration membrane, and light transmittance is 50.56%, has good light transmission.
Embodiment 2
A kind of transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material, its preparation method concrete steps are: by weight average molecular weight be 10000 polymethylacrylic acid be dissolved in N, N-dimethylacetylamide is made into the polymer solution that mass fraction is 1%, electrostatic spinning 30min under the condition of 10kV, namely obtains transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material.
Through electron microscopic observation, the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of gained is the film piled up by nanofiber, and wherein the diameter of nanofiber is 5nm, and the thickness of film is 0.5 μm.
Embodiment 3
A kind of transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material, its preparation method concrete steps are: by weight average molecular weight be 5000000 polystyrene triethyl benzyl ammonia chloride be dissolved in dichloroethanes and be made into the polymer solution that mass fraction is 6%, melt spinning 45min under the condition of 200 DEG C, namely obtains transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material.
Through electron microscopic observation, the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of gained is the film piled up by nanofiber, and wherein the diameter of nanofiber is 400nm, and the thickness of air filting material is 200 μm.
Embodiment 4
A kind of transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material, its preparation method concrete steps are: by weight average molecular weight be 10000 polyvinyl chloride be dissolved in N, dinethylformamide is made into the polymer solution that mass fraction is 4%, electrostatic spinning 35min under the condition of 40kV, then under the condition of positive pole 10kV, negative pole 5kV, electrode distance 0.1cm, carry out corona charging, namely obtain transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material.
Through electron microscopic observation, the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of gained is the film piled up by nanofiber, and wherein the diameter of nanofiber is 20nm, and the thickness of air filting material is 2 μm.
Embodiment 5
A kind of transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material, its preparation method concrete steps are: be the butadiene of 5000000, styrene, acrylonitrile copolymer (namely conventional ABS resin by weight average molecular weight, wherein comonomer butadiene, styrene, acrylonitrile mass ratio are 1:2:1) be dissolved in chloroform and be made into the polymer solution that mass fraction is 6%, melt spinning 75min under the condition of 250 DEG C, under the condition of positive pole 30kV, negative pole 10kV, electrode distance 2cm, carry out corona charging again, namely obtain transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material.
Through electron microscopic observation, the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of gained is the film piled up by nanofiber, and wherein the diameter of nanofiber is 600nm, and the thickness of filtering material is 300 μm.
Embodiment 6
A kind of transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material, its preparation method concrete steps are: by weight average molecular weight be the methyl methacrylate of 5000000, methyl acrylate copolymer (wherein, the mass ratio 2:1 of monomers methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate) be dissolved in chloroform and be made into the polymer solution that mass fraction is 3%, electrostatic spinning 80min under the condition of 20kV, under the condition of positive pole 10kV, negative pole 50kV, electrode distance 1cm, carry out corona charging again, namely obtain transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material.
Through electron microscopic observation, the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of gained is the film piled up by nanofiber, and wherein the diameter of nanofiber is 400nm, and the thickness of filtering material is 100 μm.
Embodiment 7
A kind of transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material, its preparation method concrete steps are: by weight average molecular weight be all 1000000 polyphenylene oxide and polyether sulfone (wherein, the mass ratio of polyphenylene oxide and polyether sulfone is 1:2) be dissolved in chloroform and be made into the polymer solution that mass fraction is 18%, electrostatic spinning 30min under the condition of 50kV, under the condition of positive pole 40kV, negative pole 10kV, electrode distance 2cm, carry out corona charging again, namely obtain transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material.
Through electron microscopic observation, the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of gained is the film piled up by nanofiber, and wherein the diameter of nanofiber is 200nm, and the thickness of filtering material is 10 μm.
Embodiment 8
A kind of transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material, its preparation method concrete steps are: by weight average molecular weight be 9000000 polyimides and weight average molecular weight be 10000 polyether-ether-ketone (mass ratio of polyimides and polyether-ether-ketone is 1:1) be dissolved in chloroform and be made into the polymer solution that mass fraction is 2%, electrostatic spinning 50min under the condition of 20kV, under the condition of positive pole 10kV, negative pole 5kV, electrode distance 3cm, carry out corona charging again, namely obtain transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material.
Through electron microscopic observation, the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of gained is the film piled up by nanofiber, and wherein the diameter of nanofiber is 40nm, and the thickness of filtering material is 150 μm.
Embodiment 9
A kind of transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material, its preparation method concrete steps are: by weight average molecular weight be 3000000 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and weight average molecular weight be the Kynoar of 500000 (wherein, the mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Kynoar is 1:3) be dissolved in oxolane and be made into the polymer solution that mass fraction is 10%, electrostatic spinning 65min under the condition of 35kV, under the condition of positive pole 20kV, negative pole 40kV, electrode distance 0.5cm, carry out corona charging again, namely obtain transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material.
Through electron microscopic observation, the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of gained is the film piled up by nanofiber, and wherein the diameter of nanofiber is 300nm, and the thickness of filtering material is 500 μm.
Embodiment 10
A kind of transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material, its preparation method concrete steps are: be the PET of 5000000 by weight average molecular weight, weight average molecular weight is the polycaprolactam of 500000, weight average molecular weight be the polyurethanes of 50000 (wherein, PET, polycaprolactam and polyurethanes mass ratio are 1:1:1) be dissolved in oxolane and be made into the polymer solution that mass fraction is 10%, melt spinning 60min under the condition of 230 DEG C, again at positive pole 10kV, negative pole 5kV, corona charging is carried out under the condition of electrode distance 1.5cm, namely transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material is obtained.
Through electron microscopic observation, the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of gained is the film piled up by nanofiber, and wherein the diameter of nanofiber is 500nm, and the thickness of filtering material is 300 μm.
Performance test:
Air filting material prepared by embodiment 1-10 is carried out performance test, and comprise light transmittance, charge density, Air permenbility, mechanical strength, filter efficiency and Strength regenerate peculiarity, test result is as shown in table 1.Wherein, determination of light transmittance: the light transmittance measuring filtering material with ultraviolet-uisible spectrophotometer, the scope of mensuration is 400-800nm, and overall light transmittance is averaged; Charge density: adopt Faraday cup method, measures the charge density of filtering material with electric charge tester; Air permenbility: utilize fabric air-permeability quantitative determination instrument to measure the permeability of filtering material; Mechanical strength: utilize universal tensile testing machine to measure; Filter efficiency: utilize filtrate tester to measure PM2.5 particle clearance rate; Regeneration efficiency: with the charge generators deashing of electrostatic precipitation brush or pairing, regeneration efficiency is dust mass change on filtering material before and after deashing.
Table 1
As seen from the above table, gained nano-fiber air filter material of the present invention is less than the filter efficiency of 2.5 microparticles all more than 95% to particle diameter, and meet the efficiency requirements of filtering material, regeneration efficiency is also more than 95%; Further, the fracture strength of this air filting material is high, and well, light transmittance is 50-99.99%, and charge density is 0.5-10uC/m for transparency and permeability
2, Air permenbility is 10-20L/m
2s, fracture strength 60-80MPa, the kind of polymer and spinning parameter etc. can be adjusted according to the actual requirements, to meet the demand for light transmittance, charge density, Air permenbility and fracture strength under different situations, filter on screen window at indoor air purification and have good application prospect.
Below be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material, is characterized in that it is obtained by spinning by charged polymer, or is obtained through spinning, corona charging by neutral polymer.
2. the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of one according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described charged polymer is containing the one in carboxyl, sulfonic group, phosphonate group, the homopolymers of quaternary ammonium group or copolymer, or several mixture by any ratio.
3. the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that described charged polymer weight average molecular weight is 10000-10000000.
4. the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that described neutral polymer is one or several mixtures by any ratio in vinyl chloride, propylene, butadiene, styrene, acrylonitrile, acrylate, alpha-olefin, the homopolymers of methacrylate or copolymer; Or described neutral polymer is one or several mixtures by any ratio in polyethers, polysulfones, polyimides, polyether-ether-ketone, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Kynoar, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, lignin, chitin, shitosan.
5. the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that described neutral charged polymer weight average molecular weight is 10000-10000000.
6. the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of one according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described spinning is electrostatic spinning or melt spinning, the parameter of electrostatic spinning is: spinning voltage is 10 ~ 50kV, and the time is 30min-90min; The parameter of melt spinning is: spinning temperature is 200-250 DEG C, and the time is 45min-75min.
7. the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of one according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that described electrostatic spinning or melt spinning, the mass fraction that charged polymer or neutral polymer are mixed with is the solution of 1-20%, the solvent adopted is N, one or several mixtures by any ratio in N-dimethylacetylamide, DMF, dichloroethanes, chloroform, oxolane.
8. the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that described corona charging parameter is: cathode voltage is 10 ~ 40kV, and cathode voltage is 5 ~ 50kV, and electrode distance is 0.1 ~ 4cm.
9. the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of one according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material is the film piled up by nanofiber, wherein, the diameter of described nanofiber is 5-800nm, and film thickness is 0.5-500 μm.
10. the transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material of one according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described transparent charged nano-fiber air filter material transmissivity is 50-99.99%, charge density is 0.5-10uC/m
2, Air permenbility is 10-20L/m
2s, fracture strength 60-80MPa.
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Cited By (1)
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Application publication date: 20150805 |