CN104814736A - Body tissue dielectric property real-time monitoring device and method for obtaining body tissue dielectric property parameters - Google Patents
Body tissue dielectric property real-time monitoring device and method for obtaining body tissue dielectric property parameters Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种实时监测人体组织介电特性的设备及通过该设备获得人体组织介电特性参数的方法，设备设有电磁波信号发生器、功率分配器、定向耦合器、同轴传输线、幅度相位处理单元和主处理器；电磁波信号发生器产生宽频带电磁波信号由功率分配器分配形成参考信号和测试信号，参考信号输入至幅度相位处理单元，测试信号经定向耦合器由同轴传输线发送至待测体组织并在待测体组织处产生反射波；定向耦合器将待测部位产生的反射波信号输送至幅度相位处理单元，将待测部位产生的反射波信号与参考信号进行比较，输入至主处理器并计算得到人体组织的介电特性。本发明可在体外或者术中无创、简单、高效监测人体组织介电特性，可利用此项指标，辅助判断组织的良恶性。
A device for real-time monitoring of the dielectric properties of human tissue and a method for obtaining the dielectric property parameters of human tissue through the device. The device is equipped with an electromagnetic wave signal generator, a power divider, a directional coupler, a coaxial transmission line, an amplitude and phase processing unit and The main processor; the electromagnetic wave signal generator generates a broadband electromagnetic wave signal, which is distributed by the power divider to form a reference signal and a test signal. The reference signal is input to the amplitude and phase processing unit, and the test signal is sent to the tissue under test by the coaxial transmission line through the directional coupler. And generate reflected waves at the body tissue to be tested; the directional coupler sends the reflected wave signals generated by the parts to be measured to the amplitude and phase processing unit, compares the reflected wave signals generated by the parts to be measured with the reference signal, and inputs them to the main processor And calculate the dielectric properties of human tissue. The invention can non-invasively, simply and efficiently monitor the dielectric properties of human tissue in vitro or in operation, and can use this index to assist in judging benign and malignant tissues.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及肿瘤监测技术领域，特别是涉及一种实时监测人体组织介电特性的设备及通过该设备获得人体组织介电特性参数的方法。 The invention relates to the technical field of tumor monitoring, in particular to a device for real-time monitoring of the dielectric properties of human tissue and a method for obtaining parameters of the dielectric properties of human tissue through the device.
背景技术 Background technique
对肿瘤的诊断，现有技术包括病理诊断方法和影像诊断方法。 For the diagnosis of tumors, the existing technologies include pathological diagnosis methods and imaging diagnosis methods.
病理诊断方法，被称为癌症诊断的金标准。其缺点是必须将所检查的组织部位制作成病理切片，病理诊断无法实现活体在体测量。 Pathological diagnostic methods are known as the gold standard for cancer diagnosis. Its disadvantage is that the examined tissue parts must be made into pathological slices, and pathological diagnosis cannot realize in vivo measurement.
影像诊断方法是通过X射线断层成像（CT）、磁共振成像（MRI）、超声成像、正电子发射断层成像（PET）等手段，对人体特定部位的组织器官进行成像，对比正常影像和肿瘤组织影像的不同，判断该部位是否可能具有恶性病变。影像学诊断方法的共同优点是能够无创诊断，共同缺点是分辨率有限。另外，各种不同影像手段的优点和缺点，依具体影像手段不同而各有不同。X射线CT的优点是成像速度快，缺点是具有放射性损伤；MRI的优点是软组织对比度好，无放射损伤，缺点是成像速度慢；超生成像优点是无放射损伤，缺点是对体内空腔部位等无法有效成像，因为超生遇到空气衰减很大；PET的优点是能够检查肿瘤转移灶，缺点是放射性同位素损伤。 Imaging diagnosis method is to use X-ray tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound imaging, positron emission tomography (PET) and other means to image tissues and organs in specific parts of the human body, and compare normal images and tumor tissues According to the difference of the images, it is judged whether there may be malignant lesions in this part. The common advantage of imaging diagnostic methods is non-invasive diagnosis, and the common disadvantage is limited resolution. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of various imaging means vary according to the specific imaging means. The advantage of X-ray CT is fast imaging speed, but the disadvantage is radiation damage; the advantage of MRI is good soft tissue contrast, no radiation damage, and the disadvantage is slow imaging speed; the advantage of ultrasonographic imaging is no radiation damage, and the disadvantage is that it can damage the cavity in the body. Etc. can not be effectively imaged, because the air attenuation in ultrasound is very large; the advantage of PET is that it can check tumor metastases, and the disadvantage is that radioisotope damage.
因此，针对现有技术不足，提供一种简单的实时的活体在体方式进行人体组织良恶性监测的手段甚为必要，比如本发明提出的实时监测人体组织介电特性的设备及采用该设备获得的待测组织介电特性参数来辅助肿瘤判断。 Therefore, in view of the deficiencies in the prior art, it is necessary to provide a simple real-time method for monitoring the benign and malignant human tissue in vivo, such as the device for real-time monitoring of the dielectric properties of human tissue proposed by the present invention and the obtained The dielectric characteristic parameters of the tissue to be measured are used to assist tumor judgment.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于在现有技术之外，提供一种实时活体在体监测人体组织介电特性的设备，该设备可以实时获得待测组织的介电性能。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for real-time in vivo monitoring of the dielectric properties of human tissue in addition to the prior art. The device can obtain the dielectric properties of the tissue to be measured in real time.
本发明的目的通过以下技术措施实现。 The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical measures.
一种实时监测人体组织介电特性的设备，设置有电磁波信号发生器、功率分配器、定向耦合器、同轴传输线、幅度相位处理单元和主处理器； A device for real-time monitoring of the dielectric properties of human tissue is provided with an electromagnetic wave signal generator, a power divider, a directional coupler, a coaxial transmission line, an amplitude and phase processing unit, and a main processor;
所述电磁波信号发生器与所述功率分配器信号连接，功率分配器的第一输出端与幅度相位处理单元的第一输入端连接，功率分配器的第二输出端与定向耦合器的第一输入端信号连接，定向耦合器连接同轴传输线，定向耦合器的信号输出端与幅度相位处理单元的第二输入端连接，幅度相位处理单元的输出端与主处理器的输入端连接； The electromagnetic wave signal generator is connected to the power splitter, the first output end of the power splitter is connected to the first input end of the amplitude and phase processing unit, and the second output end of the power splitter is connected to the first input end of the directional coupler. The input end signal is connected, the directional coupler is connected with the coaxial transmission line, the signal output end of the directional coupler is connected with the second input end of the amplitude phase processing unit, and the output end of the amplitude phase processing unit is connected with the input end of the main processor;
所述电磁波信号发生器产生宽频带电磁波信号，功率分配器对宽频带电磁波信号分配形成参考信号和测试信号，参考信号输入至幅度相位处理单元的第一输入端，测试信号经定向耦合器由同轴传输线发送至待测体组织并在待测体组织处产生反射波；定向耦合器将所接收的待测体组织产生的反射波信号输送至幅度相位处理单元的第二输入端，幅度相位处理单元将待测部位产生的反射波信号与参考信号进行比较，输入至主处理器并由主处理器计算得到待测部位组织的介电特性。 The electromagnetic wave signal generator generates a broadband electromagnetic wave signal, and the power divider distributes the broadband electromagnetic wave signal to form a reference signal and a test signal. The reference signal is input to the first input end of the amplitude and phase processing unit, and the test signal is passed through the directional coupler by the same The axial transmission line is sent to the body tissue to be measured and reflected waves are generated at the body tissue to be measured; the directional coupler sends the received reflected wave signal generated by the body tissue to be measured to the second input terminal of the amplitude and phase processing unit, and the amplitude and phase processing The unit compares the reflected wave signal generated by the part to be tested with the reference signal, and inputs it to the main processor, and the main processor calculates the dielectric properties of the tissue of the part to be tested.
优选的，上述主处理器设置为计算机主处理器，计算机主处理器存储有正常组织和已知肿瘤组织介电特性的数据库，计算机主处理器将得到的测量部位的介电特性结果与计算机主处理器内预先建立的正常组织和已知肿瘤组织介电特性的数据库进行比较，判断测量部位组织的良恶性。 Preferably, the above-mentioned main processor is set as a main processor of a computer, and the main processor of the computer stores a database of the dielectric properties of normal tissues and known tumor tissues, and the main processor of the computer compares the results of the dielectric properties of the measured parts with the main computer of the computer. The pre-established normal tissue in the processor is compared with the database of known dielectric properties of tumor tissue to determine whether the tissue at the measurement site is benign or malignant.
上述实时监测人体组织介电特性的设备还设置有探头，所述探头设置于所属同轴传输线的端部。 The above-mentioned device for real-time monitoring of the dielectric properties of human tissue is also provided with a probe, and the probe is disposed at the end of the corresponding coaxial transmission line.
上述探头的匹配阻抗为50欧姆，探头的直径为毫米级。 The matching impedance of the above-mentioned probe is 50 ohms, and the diameter of the probe is on the order of millimeters.
上述电磁波信号发生器发射的电磁波信号带宽为1MHz-300GHz。 The bandwidth of the electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the above electromagnetic wave signal generator is 1 MHz-300 GHz.
上述主处理器计算得到待测部位组织的部位的介电特性包括电导率、电容率或者复介电特性参数。 The above-mentioned main processor calculates the dielectric properties of the part of the tissue to be measured, including conductivity, permittivity or complex dielectric property parameters.
上述实时监测人体组织介电特性的设备，具体通过如下方式得到待测部位组织的介电特性参数： The above-mentioned equipment for real-time monitoring of the dielectric properties of human tissue obtains the dielectric property parameters of the tissue to be measured in the following manner:
a.由电磁波信号发生器产生宽频带电磁波信号，由功率分配器产生参考信号 和测试信号，测试信号由同轴传输线发送至待测体组织并在待测体组织处产生反射波，定向耦合器将所接收的待测体组织产生的反射波信号输送至幅度相位处理单元的第二输入端，由所获得的参数、根据式（1）计算得到同轴传输线反射至定向耦合器的反射系数， a. A broadband electromagnetic wave signal is generated by an electromagnetic wave signal generator, and a reference signal is generated by a power divider and test signal , the test signal The coaxial transmission line is sent to the body tissue to be tested and reflected waves are generated at the body tissue to be measured, and the directional coupler receives the reflected wave signal generated by the body tissue to be measured sent to the second input terminal of the amplitude and phase processing unit, the parameters obtained by , Calculate the reflection coefficient of the coaxial transmission line to the directional coupler according to formula (1) ,
…… 式（1）； …… Formula 1);
其中、为功率分配器的分配系数，为定向耦合器的耦合系数； in , is the distribution coefficient of the power divider, is the coupling coefficient of the directional coupler;
b.采用与步骤a相同的方法，分别测量同轴传输线在短路、开路、标准液三种状态下的同轴传输线反射至定向耦合器的反射系数； b. Using the same method as step a, measure the reflection coefficient of the coaxial transmission line reflected to the directional coupler under the three states of short circuit, open circuit and standard liquid respectively ;
c.根据式（2）、式（3）、式（4）计算当次测量射频系统介电特性计算系数、、， c. According to formula (2), formula (3) and formula (4), calculate the dielectric characteristic calculation coefficient of the measured radio frequency system , , ,
…… 式（2）； ... Formula (2);
…… 式（3）； ... Formula (3);
…… 式（4）； ... Formula (4);
式中，是标准液的电导率，是标准液的相对介电常数，标准液是介电特性为已知数据的溶液，标准液的复介电特性为； In the formula, is the conductivity of the standard solution, is the relative permittivity of the standard solution, the standard solution is a solution whose dielectric properties are known data, and the complex dielectric property of the standard solution is ;
d．根据式（5）计算待测部位体组织的介电常数， d. According to the formula (5), the dielectric constant of the body tissue of the part to be measured is calculated,
…… 式（5）； ... formula (5);
分离实部和虚部，得到待测体组织的等效电导率和相对介电常数。 Separate the real part and the imaginary part to obtain the equivalent conductivity of the tissue to be measured and relative permittivity .
本发明提供一种获得待测部位组织的介电特性参数的方法，通过上述实时监测人体组织介电特性的设备进行，包括如下步骤， The present invention provides a method for obtaining the dielectric characteristic parameters of the tissue to be measured, which is carried out by the above-mentioned equipment for real-time monitoring of the dielectric characteristic of human tissue, including the following steps,
a.由电磁波信号发生器产生宽频带电磁波信号，由功率分配器产生参考信号和测试信号，测试信号由同轴传输线发送至待测体组织并在待测体组织处产生反射波，定向耦合器将所接收的待测体组织产生的反射波信号输送至幅度相位处理单元的第二输入端，由所获得的参数、根据式（1）计算得到同轴传输线反射至定向耦合器的反射系数， a. A broadband electromagnetic wave signal is generated by an electromagnetic wave signal generator, and a reference signal is generated by a power divider and test signal , the test signal The coaxial transmission line is sent to the body tissue to be measured and reflected waves are generated at the body tissue to be measured, and the directional coupler receives the reflected wave signal generated by the body tissue to be measured sent to the second input terminal of the amplitude and phase processing unit, the parameters obtained by , Calculate the reflection coefficient of the coaxial transmission line to the directional coupler according to formula (1) ,
…… 式（1）； …… Formula 1);
其中、为功率分配器的分配系数，为定向耦合器的耦合系数； in , is the distribution coefficient of the power divider, is the coupling coefficient of the directional coupler;
b.采用与步骤a相同的方法，分别测量同轴传输线在短路、开路、标准液三种状态下的同轴传输线反射至定向耦合器的反射系数； b. Using the same method as step a, measure the reflection coefficient of the coaxial transmission line reflected to the directional coupler under the three states of short circuit, open circuit and standard liquid respectively ;
c.根据式（2）、式（3）、式（4）计算当次测量射频系统介电特性计算系数、、， c. According to formula (2), formula (3) and formula (4), calculate the dielectric characteristic calculation coefficient of the measured radio frequency system , , ,
…… 式（2）； ... Formula (2);
…… 式（3）； ... Formula (3);
…… 式（4）； ... Formula (4);
式中，是标准液的电导率，是标准液的相对介电常数，标准液是介电特性为已知数据的溶液，标准液的复介电特性为； In the formula, is the conductivity of the standard solution, is the relative permittivity of the standard solution, the standard solution is a solution whose dielectric properties are known data, and the complex dielectric property of the standard solution is ;
d．根据式（5）计算待测部位体组织的介电常数， d. According to the formula (5), the dielectric constant of the body tissue of the part to be measured is calculated,
…… 式（5）； ... formula (5);
分离实部和虚部，得到待测部位体组织的等效电导率和相对介电常数。 Separate the real part and the imaginary part to obtain the equivalent conductivity of the body tissue to be measured and relative permittivity .
本发明提供的实时监测人体组织介电特性的设备，置有电磁波信号发生器、功率分配器、定向耦合器、同轴传输线、幅度相位处理单元和主处理器；所述电磁波信号发生器与所述功率分配器信号连接，功率分配器的第一输出端与幅度相位处理单元的第一输入端连接，功率分配器的第二输出端与定向耦合器的第一输入端信号连接，定向耦合器连接同轴传输线，定向耦合器的信号输出端与幅度相位处理单元的第二输入端连接，幅度相位处理单元的输出端与主处理器的输入端连接。该设备不需要对人体组织进行切片，只需要对待检测部位进行电磁波信号发射，就可以实时获得人体组织的介电性能，对待测部位没有射线损伤，且具有操作方便、检测迅速的特点。由于采用电磁波测试，所测结果不存在分辨率差或者受衰减因素等影响，所测结果准确，根据其所获得的介电特性参数来辅助肿瘤诊断，简单直观。 The device for real-time monitoring of the dielectric properties of human tissue provided by the present invention is equipped with an electromagnetic wave signal generator, a power divider, a directional coupler, a coaxial transmission line, an amplitude and phase processing unit, and a main processor; the electromagnetic wave signal generator and the The power divider signal connection, the first output end of the power divider is connected with the first input end of the amplitude phase processing unit, the second output end of the power divider is connected with the first input end signal of the directional coupler, and the directional coupler The coaxial transmission line is connected, the signal output end of the directional coupler is connected with the second input end of the amplitude and phase processing unit, and the output end of the amplitude and phase processing unit is connected with the input end of the main processor. The device does not need to slice human tissue, but only needs to emit electromagnetic wave signals at the part to be detected, and can obtain the dielectric properties of human tissue in real time, without radiation damage to the part to be tested, and has the characteristics of convenient operation and rapid detection. Due to the use of electromagnetic wave testing, the measured results are not affected by poor resolution or attenuation factors, and the measured results are accurate. The obtained dielectric characteristic parameters are used to assist tumor diagnosis, which is simple and intuitive.
本发明提供的获得待测部位组织的介电特性参数方法，该方法利用上述实时监测人体组织介电特性的设备进行，对待测部位没有射线损伤，且具有操作方便，可以实时获得人体组织的介电性能参数。由于正常组织与其对应的肿瘤组织的介电特性差异比较大是人人体组织普遍存在的客观特性，因此采用本方法获得的介电特性参数来辅助肿瘤诊断，简单直观。 The method for obtaining the dielectric characteristic parameters of the tissues of the parts to be measured provided by the present invention is carried out by using the above-mentioned equipment for real-time monitoring of the dielectric characteristics of human tissue, without radiation damage to the parts to be measured, and is easy to operate, and can obtain the dielectric properties of human tissues in real time. Electrical performance parameters. Since the dielectric properties of normal tissues and their corresponding tumor tissues are relatively different, which is a common objective characteristic of human tissues, it is simple and intuitive to use the dielectric property parameters obtained by this method to assist tumor diagnosis.
附图说明 Description of drawings
利用附图对本发明作进一步的说明，但附图中的内容不构成对本发明的任何限制。 The present invention will be further described by using the accompanying drawings, but the content in the accompanying drawings does not constitute any limitation to the present invention.
图1是本发明一种实时监测人体组织介电特性的设备的结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for real-time monitoring of the dielectric properties of human tissue according to the present invention.
图2是本发明一种实时监测人体组织介电特性的设备的原理示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a device for real-time monitoring of the dielectric properties of human tissue according to the present invention.
在图1、图2中，包括： In Figure 1 and Figure 2, including:
电磁波信号发生器100、功率分配器200、定向耦合器300、 Electromagnetic wave signal generator 100, power splitter 200, directional coupler 300,
同轴传输线400、幅度相位处理单元500和主处理器600。 coaxial transmission line 400 , amplitude and phase processing unit 500 and main processor 600 .
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
结合以下实施例对本发明作进一步说明。 The present invention will be further described in conjunction with the following examples.
实施例1。Example 1.
本实施例提供一种实时监测人体组织介电特性的设备，如图1、图2所示，设置有电磁波信号发生器100、功率分配器200、定向耦合器300、同轴传输线400、幅度相位处理单元500和主处理器600。 This embodiment provides a device for real-time monitoring of the dielectric properties of human tissue. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, an electromagnetic wave signal generator 100, a power divider 200, a directional coupler 300, a coaxial transmission line 400, an amplitude phase processing unit 500 and main processor 600 .
电磁波信号发生器100与功率分配器200信号连接，功率分配器200的第一输出端与幅度相位处理单元500的第一输入端连接，功率分配器200的第二输出端与定向耦合器300的第一输入端信号连接，定向耦合器300连接有同轴传输线400，定向耦合器300的信号输出端与幅度相位处理单元500的第二输入端连接，幅度相位处理单元500的输出端与主处理器600的输入端连接。 The electromagnetic wave signal generator 100 is connected with the signal of the power divider 200, the first output terminal of the power divider 200 is connected with the first input terminal of the amplitude phase processing unit 500, the second output terminal of the power divider 200 is connected with the directional coupler 300 The first input terminal signal connection, the directional coupler 300 is connected with the coaxial transmission line 400, the signal output terminal of the directional coupler 300 is connected with the second input terminal of the amplitude phase processing unit 500, the output terminal of the amplitude phase processing unit 500 is connected with the main processing unit connected to the input of the device 600.
电磁波信号发生器100产生宽频带电磁波信号，电磁波信号发生器100发射的电磁波信号带宽为1MHz-300GHz。功率分配器200对宽频带电磁波信号分配形成参考信号ST1和测试信号ST2，参考信号ST1输入至幅度相位处理单元500的第一输入端，测试信号ST2经定向耦合器300由同轴传输线400发送至待测体组织并在待测体组织处产生反射波。定向耦合器300将所接收的待测部位产生的反射波信号SM输送至幅度相位处理单元的第二输入端，幅度相位处理单元将待测部位产生的反射波信号SM与参考信号ST1进行比较，输入至主处理器600并由主处理器600计算得到待测部位组织的介电特性。主处理器600计算得到待测部位组织的介电特性包括电导率、电容率或者复介电特性参数。 The electromagnetic wave signal generator 100 generates broadband electromagnetic wave signals, and the electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the electromagnetic wave signal generator 100 has a bandwidth of 1 MHz-300 GHz. The power divider 200 distributes the broadband electromagnetic wave signal to form a reference signal ST1 and a test signal ST2. The reference signal ST1 is input to the first input terminal of the amplitude and phase processing unit 500, and the test signal ST2 is sent to the the body tissue to be measured and generate reflected waves at the body tissue to be measured. The directional coupler 300 transmits the received reflected wave signal SM generated by the part to be measured to the second input end of the amplitude and phase processing unit, and the amplitude and phase processing unit compares the reflected wave signal SM generated by the part to be measured with the reference signal ST1, input to the main processor 600 and calculated by the main processor 600 to obtain the dielectric properties of the tissue at the site to be measured. The main processor 600 calculates the dielectric properties of the tissue at the site to be measured, including conductivity, permittivity or complex dielectric properties.
为了方便操作，该监测人体组织良恶性的设备还设置有探头，探头设置于同轴传输线400的端部，探头的匹配阻抗为50欧姆，探头的直径为毫米级。使用时，只需将探头紧贴待测部位表面，就可以实现在体外实时监测待测部位组织的介电特性。将监测到的体组织的介电特性与正常组织的介电特性进行比较，由于正常组织与其对应的肿瘤组织的介电特性差异比较大是人体组织普遍存在的客观特性，可以为医生提供该部位组织的良恶性的判断依据。 For the convenience of operation, the device for monitoring benign and malignant human tissues is also equipped with a probe, which is set at the end of the coaxial transmission line 400. The matching impedance of the probe is 50 ohms, and the diameter of the probe is millimeter level. When in use, it is only necessary to put the probe close to the surface of the part to be tested, and real-time monitoring of the dielectric properties of the tissue of the part to be tested can be realized in vitro. Compare the dielectric properties of the monitored body tissue with those of normal tissues. Since the dielectric properties of normal tissues and their corresponding tumor tissues are quite different, it is a common objective characteristic of human tissues, which can provide doctors with The basis for judging benign and malignant tissues.
该实时监测人体组织介电特性的设备获得待测部位体组织的介电特性，其工作原理是这样的： The device for real-time monitoring of the dielectric properties of human tissue obtains the dielectric properties of the body tissue to be measured, and its working principle is as follows:
a.由电磁波信号发生器100产生宽频带电磁波信号，由功率分配器200产生参考信号和测试信号，测试信号由同轴传输线400发送至待测体组织并在待测体组织处产生反射波，定向耦合器300将所接收的待测部位产生的反射波信号输送至幅度相位处理单元的第二输入端，由所获得的参数、根据式（1）计算得到同轴传输线反射至定向耦合器的反射系数， a. Generate a broadband electromagnetic wave signal by the electromagnetic wave signal generator 100, and generate a reference signal by the power divider 200 and test signal , the test signal The coaxial transmission line 400 is sent to the body tissue to be measured and a reflected wave is generated at the body tissue to be measured, and the directional coupler 300 receives the reflected wave signal generated by the site to be measured sent to the second input terminal of the amplitude and phase processing unit, the parameters obtained by , Calculate the reflection coefficient of the coaxial transmission line to the directional coupler according to formula (1) ,
…… 式（1）； …… Formula 1);
其中、为功率分配器200的分配系数，为定向耦合器300的耦合系数。 in , is the distribution coefficient of the power divider 200, is the coupling coefficient of the directional coupler 300.
b.采用与步骤a相同的方法，分别测量同轴传输线在短路、开路、标准液三种状态下的同轴传输线反射至定向耦合器的反射系数，标准液是介电特性为已知数据的溶液。 b. Using the same method as step a, measure the reflection coefficient of the coaxial transmission line reflected to the directional coupler under the three states of short circuit, open circuit and standard liquid respectively , the standard solution is a solution whose dielectric properties are known data.
c.根据式（2）、式（3）、式（4）计算当次测量射频系统介电特性计算系数、、， c. According to formula (2), formula (3) and formula (4), calculate the dielectric characteristic calculation coefficient of the measured radio frequency system , , ,
…… 式（2）； ... Formula (2);
…… 式（3）； ... Formula (3);
…… 式（4）； ... Formula (4);
式中，是标准液的电导率，是标准液的相对介电常数，标准液是介电特性为已知数据的溶液，标准液的复介电特性为。 In the formula, is the conductivity of the standard solution, is the relative permittivity of the standard solution, the standard solution is a solution whose dielectric properties are known data, and the complex dielectric property of the standard solution is .
d．根据式（5）计算待测体组织的介电常数， d. Calculate the dielectric constant of the tissue to be tested according to formula (5),
…… 式（5）； ... formula (5);
分离实部和虚部，得到待测体组织的等效电导率和相对介电常数。 Separate the real part and the imaginary part to obtain the equivalent conductivity of the tissue to be measured and relative permittivity .
根据工作原理，主处理器600为能够实现上述功能的器件，通常可以选择由芯片、存储器和控制电路构成，也可以选择采用电脑进行处理，也可以根据需要配置显示仪进行结果显示、配置打印机进行结果打印。 According to the working principle, the main processor 600 is a device capable of realizing the above functions. Usually, it can be selected to be composed of a chip, a memory and a control circuit, or a computer can be used for processing, and a display can be configured to display results and a printer can be configured as required. The result is printed.
本发明的实时监测人体组织介电特性的设备，不需要进行切片准备就可以直接对待测部位进行体组织介电特性监测，能够实时的以活体在体方式进行人体组织介电性监测，可以在体外或者术中进行人体组织介电特性监测。所采用的电磁波方式，也不会对组织造成射线损伤，也不需要被测检测者进行任何准备，使用者使用体验非常良好。此外，该设备检测时间短，检测迅速。由于采用电磁波测试，所测结果不存在分辨率差或者受衰减因素等影响，所测结果准确直观。通过所获得待测部位的体组织介电性能，医生可以将监测到的体组织的介电特性与正常组织的介电特性进行比较，得到判断该部位组织的良恶性的有效依据。由于正常组织与其对应的肿瘤组织的介电特性差异比较大是人人体组织普遍存在的客观特性，因此采用本方法获得的介电特性参数来辅助肿瘤诊断，简单直观。 The device for real-time monitoring of the dielectric properties of human tissue in the present invention can directly monitor the dielectric properties of body tissue at the site to be measured without preparing slices, and can monitor the dielectric properties of human tissue in real time in a living way. In vitro or intraoperative monitoring of the dielectric properties of human tissue. The electromagnetic wave method used will not cause radiation damage to the tissue, and does not require any preparation by the tester. The user experience is very good. In addition, the device has a short detection time and rapid detection. Due to the use of electromagnetic wave testing, the measured results are not affected by poor resolution or attenuation factors, and the measured results are accurate and intuitive. By obtaining the dielectric properties of body tissue at the site to be measured, doctors can compare the monitored dielectric properties of body tissue with those of normal tissues, and obtain an effective basis for judging whether the tissue at the site is benign or malignant. Since the dielectric properties of normal tissues and their corresponding tumor tissues are relatively different, which is a common objective characteristic of human tissues, it is simple and intuitive to use the dielectric property parameters obtained by this method to assist tumor diagnosis.
需要说明的是，本发明的实时监测人体组织介电特性的设备，也可以用于动物体组织介电特性的监测，以辅助肿瘤诊断。 It should be noted that the device for real-time monitoring of the dielectric properties of human tissue according to the present invention can also be used for monitoring the dielectric properties of animal tissue to assist in tumor diagnosis.
实施例2。Example 2.
一种实时监测人体组织介电特性的设备，其它特征与实施例1相同，不同之处在于：主处理器600设置为计算机主处理器，计算机主处理器存储有正常组织和已知肿瘤组织介电特性的数据库，计算机主处理器将得到的测量部位的介电特性结果与计算机主处理器内预先建立的正常组织和已知肿瘤组织介电特性的数据库进行比较，判断测量部位组织的良恶性。 A device for real-time monitoring of the dielectric properties of human tissue. Other features are the same as in Embodiment 1, except that the main processor 600 is set as the main processor of a computer, and the main processor of the computer stores normal tissue and known tumor tissue dielectric properties. The database of electrical properties, the main processor of the computer compares the results of the dielectric properties of the measurement site with the database of the dielectric properties of normal tissues and known tumor tissues pre-established in the main processor of the computer, and judges whether the tissue at the measurement site is benign or malignant .
计算机主处理器对测量部位的介电特性结果与数据库中的数据比较，可以通过比较器或者通过软件进行，在此不再赘述。 The main processor of the computer compares the result of the dielectric properties of the measurement part with the data in the database, which can be performed by a comparator or by software, and will not be repeated here.
采用计算机主处理器对结果进行比较，具有结果精确，比较迅速的特点。 The main processor of the computer is used to compare the results, which has the characteristics of accurate results and relatively fast results.
实施例3。Example 3.
提供一种获得待测人体组织的介电特性参数的方法，利用实施例1的实时监测人体组织介电特性的设备进行，具体包括如下步骤， A method for obtaining the dielectric characteristic parameters of the human tissue to be measured is provided, which is carried out by using the device for real-time monitoring of the dielectric characteristic of the human tissue in Embodiment 1, specifically comprising the following steps,
a.由电磁波信号发生器100产生宽频带电磁波信号，由功率分配器200产生参考信号和测试信号，测试信号由同轴传输线400发送至待测体组织并在待测体组织产生反射波，定向耦合器300将所接收的待测部位产生的反射波信号输送至幅度相位处理单元的第二输入端，由所获得的参数、根据式（1）得到同轴传输线反射至定向耦合器的反射系数， a. Generate a broadband electromagnetic wave signal by the electromagnetic wave signal generator 100, and generate a reference signal by the power divider 200 and test signal , the test signal The coaxial transmission line 400 is sent to the body tissue to be measured and a reflected wave is generated in the body tissue to be measured, and the directional coupler 300 receives the reflected wave signal generated by the part to be measured sent to the second input terminal of the amplitude and phase processing unit, the parameters obtained by , According to formula (1), the reflection coefficient of the coaxial transmission line reflected to the directional coupler is obtained ,
…… 式（1）； …… Formula 1);
其中、为功率分配器200的分配系数，为定向耦合器300的耦合系数； in , is the distribution coefficient of the power divider 200, is the coupling coefficient of the directional coupler 300;
电磁波信号发生器100产生宽频带电磁波信号后，同轴传输线400反射至定向耦合器300的反射系数通过幅度相位处理单元500直接将反射系数输送至主处理器600。 After the electromagnetic wave signal generator 100 generates a broadband electromagnetic wave signal, the reflection coefficient of the coaxial transmission line 400 reflected to the directional coupler 300 Through the magnitude phase processing unit 500, the reflection coefficient sent to the main processor 600.
b.采用与步骤a相同的方法，分别测量同轴传输线在短路、开路、标准液三种状态下的反射至的反射系数，结果由幅度相位处理单元500输送至主处理器600。 b. Using the same method as step a, measure the reflection coefficient of the coaxial transmission line under the three states of short circuit, open circuit and standard liquid respectively , and the result is sent from the amplitude and phase processing unit 500 to the main processor 600 .
c.根据式（2）、式（3）、式（4）计算当次测量射频系统介电特性计算系数、、， c. According to formula (2), formula (3) and formula (4), calculate the dielectric characteristic calculation coefficient of the measured radio frequency system , , ,
…… 式（2）； ... Formula (2);
…… 式（3）； ... Formula (3);
…… 式（4）； ... Formula (4);
式中，是标准液的电导率，是标准液的相对介电常数，标准液的复介电特性为； In the formula, is the conductivity of the standard solution, is the relative permittivity of the standard liquid, and the complex dielectric property of the standard liquid is ;
d．根据式（5）计算待测体组织的介电常数， d. Calculate the dielectric constant of the tissue to be tested according to formula (5),
…… 式（5）； ... formula (5);
分离实部和虚部，得到待测部位体组织的等效电导率和相对介电常数。 Separate the real part and the imaginary part to obtain the equivalent conductivity of the body tissue to be measured and relative permittivity .
本发明通过实时监测体组织介电特性的设备获得人体待测部位组织的介电性能的方法，不需要进行切片准备就可以直接对待测部位进行人体组织介电特性监测，能够实时的以活体在体方式进行人体组织介电性监测，可以在体外或者术中进行人体组织介电特性监测。所采用的电磁波方式，也不会对组织造成射线损伤，也不需要被测检测者进行任何准备，使用者使用体验非常良好。此外，该设备检测时间短，检测迅速。由于采用电磁波测试，所测结果不存在分辨率差或者受衰减因素等影响，所测结果准确直观。通过所获得待测部位组织的介电性能，医生可以将监测到的组织的介电特性与正常组织的介电特性进行比较，得到判断该部位组织的良恶性的有效依据。由于正常组织与其对应的肿瘤组织的介电特性差异比较大是人人体组织普遍存在的客观特性，因此采用本方法获得的介电特性参数来辅助肿瘤诊断，简单直观。 The method of the present invention obtains the dielectric properties of the tissue of the human body tissue to be measured by the equipment for real-time monitoring of the dielectric properties of the body tissue, and can directly monitor the dielectric properties of the body tissue at the site to be measured without slice preparation, and can real-time monitor the dielectric properties of the body tissue in a living body. It can monitor the dielectric properties of human tissue in a body way, and can monitor the dielectric properties of human tissue in vitro or during surgery. The electromagnetic wave method used will not cause radiation damage to the tissue, and does not require any preparation by the tester. The user experience is very good. In addition, the device has a short detection time and rapid detection. Due to the use of electromagnetic wave testing, the measured results are not affected by poor resolution or attenuation factors, and the measured results are accurate and intuitive. Through the obtained dielectric properties of the tissue to be measured, the doctor can compare the monitored dielectric properties of the tissue with the dielectric properties of the normal tissue, and obtain an effective basis for judging whether the tissue at the site is benign or malignant. Since the dielectric properties of normal tissues and their corresponding tumor tissues are relatively different, which is a common objective characteristic of human tissues, it is simple and intuitive to use the dielectric property parameters obtained by this method to assist tumor diagnosis.
也可以通过在计算机主处理器中预先建立正常组织和已知肿瘤组织介电特性的数据库，如实施例2所述的结构。这样，可以通过计算机主处理器600将得到的介电特性结果与计算机主处理器600内预先建立的正常组织和已知肿瘤组织介电特性的数据库进行比较，判断测量部位组织的良恶性。操作简单迅速。 It is also possible to pre-establish a database of the dielectric properties of normal tissues and known tumor tissues in the main processor of the computer, such as the structure described in Example 2. In this way, the obtained dielectric property results can be compared with the pre-established database of normal tissue and known tumor tissue dielectric properties in the computer main processor 600 through the main computer processor 600 to determine whether the tissue at the measurement site is benign or malignant. The operation is simple and fast.
需要说明的是，本发明的方法也可以用于动物体组织介电特性的监测，以辅助肿瘤诊断。 It should be noted that the method of the present invention can also be used to monitor the dielectric properties of animal tissues to assist in tumor diagnosis.
最后应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。 Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than limit the protection scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that Modifications or equivalent replacements are made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
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