CN104814720B - Vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency measuring system and its measuring method - Google Patents
Vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency measuring system and its measuring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency measuring system and its measuring method, including：Sensor assembly, signal pre-processing module, central control module, single-chip microcomputer and PC interactive module and processing module；Characteristic signal is calculated respectively by pressure subglottic method and wave current index method to processing module by setting central control module by the characteristic signal collected is defeated, obtain the phonation efficiency under two kinds of algorithms, and using pressure subglottic method measurement result as abscissa, vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency coordinate diagram is set up by ordinate of wave current index method measurement result, present apparatus hardware system is based on chip microcontroller and controls and measure, it is not only simple to operate, and measurement result can in real time be shown, with portability and practicality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Biomedical Instruments field, and in particular to a kind of multi-functional vocal cords based on aerodynamic principle
Vibration sounding efficiency measurement system.
Background technology
In speech production, vocal cords are most important vocal organs, but are also most to be also easy to produce damage and lesion simultaneously
Position.During sounding, aerodynamics energy is converted into Speech acoustics energy, the transformation efficiency quilt of this energy by vocal cord vibration
It is defined as phonation efficiency.The factors such as phonation efficiency and physiological structure, the tune of vocal cords are relevant, in real time accurate measurement sounding effect
Rate is all significant for sounding physiological Study and voice pathological analysis.
It is main both at home and abroad at present that phonation efficiency is measured using two class methods.One class is the direct measurement side of intrusive mood
Method, mainly using across glottis pressure conduit and the invasive method direct measurement pressure subglottic of esophageal balloon, and then calculates sounding effect
Rate.Another kind of is the evaluation method of non-direct-type, mainly includes pressure subglottic mensuration, glottal air flow AC/DC ratio methods and ripple
Stream index method.Previous class method has invasive, and its application receives certain limitation.Latter class method is estimate,
Its single calculation causes measurement precision by certain influence.The patent of invention of Current Domestic mainly includes vocal cords
The phonation efficiency evaluation method (CN200610042807) and the measuring method of logarithm ratio glottis sounding effect of three-dimensional reconstruction
(CN90216122).The former needs to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction to vocal cords surface condition, and its real-time measured receives certain limit
System.The latter mainly measures to glottis sounding effect, and it estimates that mode is relatively simple, and validity is by a definite limitation.
Research and exploration at present to phonation efficiency is also in the elementary step.First, these researchs focus primarily upon specific
The proposition of method and demonstration, and lack the research and development and application of proprietary measuring system.Secondly, to glottal air flow, pressure subglottic harmony
The calculating of the important parameters such as level also tends to concentrate on the processing of later data, and lacks and accurately measure and show in real time.Therefore,
The present invention proposes a kind of SCM Based portable acoustic efficiency measurement system, can be to aerodynamics relevant parameter and hair
Acoustic efficiency carries out measurement and Dynamic Announce in real time, and takes the form of double dimension Combined estimators, improves phonation efficiency measurement
With the accuracy of evaluation.Have no Patents at present.
The content of the invention
, can be accurate the invention provides a kind of vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency measuring system for drawbacks described above or deficiency
Human body phonation efficiency and its concerned aerodynamic parameter are measured, and lung capacity and ambient noise can be measured.
To achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency measuring system, including：Sensor assembly, signal pre-processing module, center control
Module, single-chip microcomputer and PC interactive module and processing module；
Sensor assembly, the characteristic signal for gathering sounder according to predeterminated frequency, the characteristic signal includes glottis
Push, glottal air flow and sound level；
Signal pre-processing module, for being pre-processed to the characteristic signal collected；
Central control module, the ginseng of frequency acquisition, function selection and display characteristic signal for setting characteristic signal
Numerical value；
Single-chip microcomputer and PC interactive module, for the parameter value of characteristic signal to be transferred into processing module；
Processing module, for receiving characteristic signal, is entered to characteristic signal respectively by pressure subglottic method and wave current index method
Row is calculated, and obtains the phonation efficiency under two kinds of algorithms, and using pressure subglottic method measurement result as abscissa, is surveyed with wave current index method
Amount result is that ordinate sets up vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency coordinate diagram.
Also include AD conversion module and input through keyboard module, the output end and center of input through keyboard module and AD conversion module
Control module is connected, and input through keyboard module carries out the control of AD conversion modules channel selecting and sample rate by central control module
Specifically include：
When selection function is that lung capacity is measured, AD conversion module completes the sampling of oral airflow signal and utilizes liquid crystal
Display screen completes the display of result；
When selection function is environment noise test, AD conversion module completes the sampling to sound level signal and utilizes liquid crystal
Display screen completes the display of result；
When selection function is that phonation efficiency is measured, AD conversion module is sequentially completed oral airflow, oral cavity air pressure harmony
The sequential sampling of level is simultaneously upload the data on PC by single-chip microcomputer PC interactive module.
The sensor assembly includes：Oral cavity baroceptor, oral airflow sensor and microphone.
The signal pre-processing module includes pre-amplification circuit, low-pass filter circuit and power frequency filter circuit；Sensor
The output end of module is connected with the input of pre-amplification circuit, the output end of pre-amplification circuit and low-pass filter circuit it is defeated
Enter end to be connected, the output end of low-pass filter circuit is connected with the input of power frequency filter circuit, the output end of power frequency filter circuit
It is connected with the input of central control module.
The central control module is single-chip microcomputer.
The processing module specifically for：
Aerodynamics energy is asked for using formula p1=p*v, wherein p is pressure subglottic, and v is glottal air flow；Utilize public affairs
Formula p2=A*10SPL/10*10-12Speech utterance energy, the sound level that wherein SPL is measured when being sounding are asked for, A is what acoustic energy was propagated
Area；The phonation efficiency of pressure subglottic method is p1 and p2 ratio；
The calculating phonation efficiency of wave current index method is ε=g-k μ, and wherein g is sound level, and sign is the sound intensity, μ=20log
(u/u0) glottal air flow intensity, is characterized, wherein, u0 is air-flow reference intensity (10cm3/ s), u is the average glottis gas measured
Stream, k is constant, and value is 1.
Using pressure subglottic method measurement result as abscissa, vocal cord vibration is set up using wave current index method measurement result as ordinate
Phonation efficiency coordinate diagram.
A kind of vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency measuring method, comprises the following steps：
1) characteristic signal of sounder, is gathered according to predeterminated frequency, the characteristic signal includes pressure subglottic, glottal air flow
And sound level；
2), the characteristic signal collected is pre-processed；
3), processing module will be transferred to by pretreated characteristic signal；
4), processing module receives characteristic signal, and characteristic signal is carried out respectively by pressure subglottic method and wave current index method
Calculate, obtain the phonation efficiency under two kinds of algorithms, and using pressure subglottic method measurement result as abscissa, measured with wave current index method
As a result vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency coordinate diagram is set up for ordinate.
The step 1) in gather pressure subglottic, glottis gas respectively using baroceptor, pneumatic sensor and Mike
Stream and sound level.
Sounding carries out characteristic signal parameter acquisition by the way of alternately hair voiceless consonant and vowel.
The step 4) comprise the following steps：
4.1) aerodynamics energy is asked for using formula p1=p*v, wherein p is pressure subglottic, and v is glottal air flow；Profit
Use formula p2=A*10SPL/10*10-12Speech utterance energy is asked for, the sound level that wherein SPL is measured when being sounding, A passes for acoustic energy
The area broadcast；The phonation efficiency of pressure subglottic method is p1 and p2 ratio；
4.2) the calculating phonation efficiency of wave current index method is ε=g-k μ, and wherein g is sound level, and sign is the sound intensity, μ=
20log (u/u0), characterizes glottal air flow intensity, wherein, u0 is air-flow reference intensity (10cm3/ s), u is the average sound measured
Door air-flow, k is constant, and value is 1.
4.3) using pressure subglottic method measurement result as abscissa, vocal cords are set up using wave current index method measurement result as ordinate
Vibration sounding efficiency coordinate diagram.
Compare compared with the prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The invention provides a kind of vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency measuring system, by setting central control module to collect
Characteristic signal it is defeated characteristic signal is calculated respectively by pressure subglottic method and wave current index method to processing module, obtain two
The phonation efficiency under algorithm is planted, and using pressure subglottic method measurement result as abscissa, using wave current index method measurement result as vertical seat
Mark sets up vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency coordinate diagram, and present apparatus hardware system is based on chip microcontroller and controls and measure, not only operates
Simply, and measurement result can in real time be shown, with portability and practicality；In addition, the measurement side without intrusive mood
Method not only avoid it is measured directly invasive, and to the interference of sonification system minimum degree, with more preferable operability and can
By property；Finally, using double dimension Combined estimators of pressure subglottic method and wave current index method, the accurate of phonation efficiency measurement is improved
The validity of property and pathological examination.
Present invention also offers a kind of vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency measuring method, by obtaining the characteristic signal of measured,
The vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency under algorithms of different can be quickly obtained, and draws out vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency coordinate diagram, can
Intuitively reflect the state of phonation efficiency, provided according to for follow-up diagnosis and use double dimension Combined estimators, improve sounding
The accuracy of efficiency measurement and the validity of pathological examination.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system block diagram of the present invention；
The phonation efficiency that Fig. 2 is the present invention evaluates X-Y scheme；
Fig. 3 is the peripheral circuit system block diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the system main program software flow pattern of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the software flow pattern of systemic-function 1 of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the software flow pattern of systemic-function 2 of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the software flow pattern of systemic-function 3 of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a kind of vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency measuring system, including：Sensor assembly, letter
Number pretreatment module, central control module, single-chip microcomputer and PC interactive module and processing module；
Sensor assembly, the characteristic signal for gathering sounder according to predeterminated frequency, the characteristic signal includes glottis
Push, glottal air flow and sound level；The sensor assembly includes：Oral cavity baroceptor, oral airflow sensor and microphone.
As shown in figure 3, signal pre-processing module, for being pre-processed to the characteristic signal collected；The signal is pre-
Processing module includes pre-amplification circuit, low-pass filter circuit and power frequency filter circuit；The output end of sensor assembly with it is preposition
The input of amplifying circuit is connected, and the output end of pre-amplification circuit is connected with the input of low-pass filter circuit, LPF
The output end of circuit is connected with the input of power frequency filter circuit, the output end of power frequency filter circuit and central control module it is defeated
Enter end to be connected.
The parameter value of central control module, the frequency acquisition for setting characteristic signal, and display characteristic signal；It is described
Central control module is made up of SCM system.Input through keyboard module output end passes through monolithic with AD conversion module control end
Machine is connected, and input through keyboard module carries out the control of AD conversion modules channel selecting and sample rate by single-chip microcomputer.Meanwhile, keyboard is defeated
Lung capacity measurement, environment noise test and sounding effect can also be carried out respectively by the selection of chip microcontroller function by entering module
The measurement of rate.
Single-chip microcomputer and PC interactive module, for the parameter value of characteristic signal to be transferred into processing module；
Processing module, for receiving characteristic signal, is entered to characteristic signal respectively by pressure subglottic method and wave current index method
Row is calculated, and obtains the phonation efficiency under two kinds of algorithms, and using pressure subglottic method measurement result as abscissa, is surveyed with wave current index method
Amount result is that ordinate sets up vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency coordinate diagram, as shown in Figure 2.
The processing module specifically for：
Aerodynamics energy is asked for using formula p1=p*v, wherein p is pressure subglottic, and v is glottal air flow；Utilize public affairs
Formula p2=A*10SPL/10*10-12Speech utterance energy, the sound level that wherein SPL is measured when being sounding are asked for, A is what acoustic energy was propagated
Area；The phonation efficiency of pressure subglottic method is p1 and p2 ratio；
The calculating phonation efficiency of wave current index method is ε=g-k μ, and wherein g is sound level, and sign is the sound intensity, μ=20log
(u/u0) glottal air flow intensity, is characterized, wherein, u0 is air-flow reference intensity (10cm3/ s), u is the average glottis gas measured
Stream, k is constant, and value is 1.
Using pressure subglottic method measurement result as abscissa, vocal cord vibration is set up using wave current index method measurement result as ordinate
Phonation efficiency coordinate diagram.
The processing module can receive oral cavity air pressure, oral airflow and microphone by single-chip microcomputer PC interactive module
Measured value is simultaneously shown in real time to these three signals.Analysis and judgement identification pressure subglottic by characteristic point, average glottis
Air-flow and sound level, are finally completed the calculating of phonation efficiency.
Further, in addition to AD conversion module and input through keyboard module, input through keyboard module and AD conversion module is defeated
Go out end with central control module to be connected, input through keyboard module carries out AD conversion modules channel selecting by central control module and adopted
The control of sample rate is specifically included：
When selection function is that lung capacity is measured, AD conversion module completes the sampling of oral airflow signal and utilizes liquid crystal
Display screen completes the display of result；
When selection function is environment noise test, AD conversion module completes the sampling to sound level signal and utilizes liquid crystal
Display screen completes the display of result；
When selection function is that phonation efficiency is measured, AD conversion module is sequentially completed oral airflow, oral cavity air pressure harmony
The sequential sampling of level is simultaneously upload the data on PC by single-chip microcomputer PC interactive module.
In the present invention, pressure subglottic, glottal air flow and sound level signal are gathered respectively first with three-way sensor, will gather
To signal by it is preposition amplification, low pass filter filter out noise and High-frequency Interference after be input to by AD conversion in single-chip microcomputer,
The timer of single-chip microcomputer is responsible for the processing and transmission of the acquisition control and data of whole system.Whole system includes three functions,
It is the measurement of lung capacity, the detection of ambient noise and the measurement of phonation efficiency respectively, can be to system using keyboard and display
Function is selected and shown by liquid crystal display.In the measurement of the phonation efficiency of function 3, due to the data of single-chip microcomputer
Storage and disposal ability are limited, and it is by real-time data transmission to PC, and special-purpose software on PC will be to the data of upload
It is identified and handles, and data signal is converted into the sounding parameter value with physiological significance.Final software to pressure subglottic,
Glottal air flow and acoustical power, which are identified, calculates and finally gives phonation efficiency.
Firstth, periphery circuit design
Whole system include two parts of external circuit and single chip circuit, external circuit mainly be responsible for signal collection and
Front-end processing.And single chip circuit mainly it is responsible be function selection, the display of liquid crystal display, the control of keyboard and signal acquisition
Transmission.Demand based on system above, we illustrates the system block diagram of peripheral circuit, as shown in Figure 3.
Peripheral circuit it is main by sensor assembly, pre-amplification circuit, low-pass filter circuit, 50Hz power frequency filter circuits and
Negative electricity source generating circuit is constituted, and wherein pre-amplification circuit uses three amplifier difference amplifiers, and 50Hz power frequency filter circuits are used
F42N50IWP, filtration module uses second-order low-pass filter circuit.Three amplifier differential amplifications are constituted using OP07 chips in the design
Circuit, by setting Rw values, makes circuit have larger gain ranging, can preferably meet the amplification work(required in design
Energy.Second-order low-pass filter circuit is constituted using LM324M, the high-frequency interferencing signal in sensor filtered out, it is possible to achieve base
This filter function.
Meanwhile, the chip used in the system is usually operated under dual power mode, is powered using ± 5V, and positive supply is selected
5V voltage-stabilized power supplies, -5V power supplys are obtained using ICL7660.Single supply can be converted into the dual power supply symmetrically exported by this method.
So in circuit design, it is possible to convenient to meet the requirement of circuit design chips using single supply input, reduce
The circuit requirement that power supply is powered to external world so that circuit can be applied widely.
Secondth, single chip circuit is designed
After peripheral circuit carries out front-end processing to signal, just SCM system is transferred to be AD converted, signal acquisition control
System, effectively transmission and input through keyboard and liquid crystal display are shown.Specific part is as follows：
Single-chip microcomputer hardware system：
The core of single-chip microcomputer hardware system is PIC single chip microcomputer, the model PIC16F877A chosen in the present system.Monolithic
Machine minimum system is to enable the simplest circuit of single-chip microcomputer normal work, including power module, external crystal-controlled oscillation and reseting module.Electricity
Use+5V voltage-stabilized power supplies in source are powered or computer USB confession electricity, and external crystal-controlled oscillation is determined by the Singlechip clock cycle, from 4M crystal oscillators,
Reset circuit is used for external reset, and low level is effective.Input through keyboard uses 4*4 matrix keyboards.Because system requirements input parameter,
Therefore button needs to include value key 0~9 and decimal point.In order to carry out different function controls, three function buttons are set, point
Lung capacity, ambient noise and phonation efficiency Yong Lai not measured.Simultaneously, it is possible to use keyboard realizes the regulation of sample rate.Additionally
There is provided two control buttons：Acknowledgement key (Enter) confirms that parameter has been inputted, and Hui Gejian (Backspace) is used for deleting defeated
Enter numerical value.Liquid crystal display uses the character mode lcd LCD1602 of relative low price, for showing character and numeral.
Scm software is realized
System can mainly realize the function of three aspects, be the lung capacity for measuring human body respectively, ambient noise is examined
Survey and measurement phonation efficiency, this three functions are controlled by three function keys respectively.System completes signal by AD conversion module
Analog-to-digital conversion, the control of signal sampling frequencies is completed using timer, specific operational process is as follows：
Main program
After electricity on single-chip microcomputer, system can be wiped LCD MODULE.Then whether main program meeting circular test
Functional key is pressed.If no function key is pressed, system does not do any response, still carries out cycle detection to button.If
Functional key is pressed, then to specifying function to operate.In whole process, the sensor signal by front-end processing all will be defeated
Enter the specified pin of single-chip microcomputer, wait single-chip microcomputer processing.It should be noted that can be carried out in advance to various parameters in main program
Definition and initialization.To ensure that subsequent operation is smoothed out, specific flow chart is as shown in Figure 4.
Function 1
Function 1 is measurement lung capacity, and input sample frequency f, AD conversion module foundation are ask that after this function is selected
This parameter carries out analog-to-digital conversion to pneumatic sensor signal, and time control is carried out by timer during conversion, to ensure
Accurate sample rate.The data signal collected can be scaled respiratory rate v by single-chip microcomputer, and according to sample rate this sampling
The throughput l=v/f of phase is calculated.Lung capacity is the superposition of phase throughput between each sampling before expiration terminates.In this process
Middle LCDs will show real-time lung capacity.V when stopping when exhaling or inspiratory phenomenon occur<=0, single-chip microcomputer can be carried out
Automatic identification, and the collection of termination signal.Lung capacity now is total lung capacity, it will shown always on single-chip microcomputer screen
Show, until starting other functions.Specific flow chart is as shown in Figure 5：
Function 2
When the key of function 2 is pressed, noise measuring function is triggered.Will be required in this function input sample frequency and by
Timer is controlled.After sampling instant is reached, it will the signal of microphone sensor is sampled and AD conversion.Monolithic
Data signal is scaled sound level and exported by LCDs by chance.During this, the display knot of LCDs
Fruit will change with the change of ambient noise, to realize real-time monitoring of the system to ambient noise.Particular flow sheet is such as
Shown in Fig. 6：
Function 3
The most important function of this system is that phonation efficiency is measured, and enters action to aerodynamic relevant parameter
State is shown.In the present system, it is main that pressure subglottic p, glottal air flow v and sound level D are measured using three kinds of sensors, pass through
Single-chip microcomputer is controlled to whole process.Make three kinds of signal timesharing be input to by AD conversion module in single-chip microcomputer, this process by
To the control of timer, to determine its sample frequency.Then, the signal received is transferred on PC by USART modules, by
PC completes the identification and processing of signal.In whole process, because the interval of three kinds of signal acquisitions is minimum, sample rate and pole
It is high, it is believed that they are to gather simultaneously.In order to ensure that different signals can be recognized effectively, carried out before each collection
Mark.Whole process is as shown in Figure 7.
3rd, PC software is realized
The data that single-chip microcomputer is obtained are uploaded on PC by single-chip microcomputer PC interactive module, main using strong on PC
Data are identified and analyzed big data storage and computing function.This software is based primarily upon matlab instruments, utilizes GUI circle
Face is developed.Whole software interface is divided into two parts：Parameter setting module and data processing module.
Parameter setting module mainly includes acquisition channel, three parts of baud rate and acquisition time.Acquisition channel is data
The port on PC is transferred to, dynamically can adjust and select, to ensure effective transmission of data.Baud rate determines data
The speed of transmission, the setting on PC is consistent with the setting in single-chip microcomputer.Baud rate is higher in general, data
Transmission speed is faster, but there is the risk that data are difficult to complete AD conversion, can increase the error rate of data.So baud rate is selected
These two aspects factor is integrated when selecting, the default value of this system is 19200.Acquisition time determines the time of a signal acquisition
Length, time span is longer, and the cycle of sounding is more.The excessive and very few of cycle can all have influence on final accuracy rate, cycle
Can excessively there is a situation where unstable state sounding, the cycle is very few and is easily influenceed by singular value, so giving tacit consent in the present system
Acquisition time is 3s, gathers 5-10 cycle.
It can be acquired after acquisition parameter is set, PC will receive the letter transmitted on single-chip microcomputer
Number.The type of each gathered data is recognized by the data of mark and carried out Accurate classification first, can be dynamic after classification
Pressure subglottic, glottal air flow and sound level, which are drawn, to be included in left area, is used as the accurate benchmark for measuring and judging.
Data processing module is mainly carries out characteristic value judgement and identification to the data collected.The position of Mike is provided first
It is set at lip 30cm and (this parameter can be adjusted according to actual conditions).Then software can differentiate oral cavity internal pressure etc.
At the time of pressure subglottic and calculate pressure subglottic p and corresponding sound level SPL now.Meanwhile, pass through glottal air flow signal
Calculate average glottal air flow.Can be while characteristic parameter be showed in the picture as accurately surveying during the asking for of characteristic parameter
A kind of check system of amount.During pressure subglottic method asks for phonation efficiency, air force is asked for using formula p1=p*v
Learn energy.Utilize formula p2=A*10SPL/10*10-12Ask for sounding energy.In the aerodynamics energy and sounding energy obtained
Afterwards, the two, which is divided by, has obtained phonation efficiency, and unit is ppm.Phonation efficiency can be asked for using wave current index method simultaneously.Calculate public
Formula is that ε=g-k μ wherein g are sound level, and sign is the sound intensity.And μ=20log (u/u0), sign is glottal air flow intensity.
Wherein u0 is air-flow reference intensity (10cm3/ s), u is the glottal air flow measured.K is constant, and general value is 1.
The basis for the phonation efficiency that two methods measurement is obtained is built upon to the assessment and judgement of phonation efficiency size
On.Its final result will be shown in the X-Y scheme of the two measured values composition, and normal sounding is characterized on X-Y scheme, is doubted
Like the distribution of pathology sounding and pathology sounding, this system will be also measured with calculating obtained pressure subglottic, average glottis gas
The parameter such as stream and sound level is subject to Dynamic Announce on software interface, with the comprehensive whole voiced process of reflection.
Present invention also offers a kind of vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency measuring method, comprise the following steps：
1) characteristic signal of sounder, is gathered according to predeterminated frequency, the characteristic signal includes pressure subglottic, glottal air flow
And sound level；The step 1) in gather pressure subglottic, glottal air flow respectively using baroceptor, pneumatic sensor and Mike
And sound level.
Specifically, sounding carries out characteristic signal parameter acquisition by the way of alternately hair voiceless consonant and vowel.By air pressure transmission
Sensor is put into oral cavity measurement oral cavity internal pressure, and oral airflow is measured using pneumatic sensor, and microphone is fixed on into specified location surveys
Measure sounding sound level, and thus calculate sounding when acoustical power.After the completion of sensor is placed, subject is made alternately to send out clear auxiliary
Sound/p/ and vowel/a/.These three sensor synergisms gather characteristic signal during sounding, realize the synchronous acquisition of multiple signals.
2), the characteristic signal collected is pre-processed；
3), processing module will be transferred to by pretreated characteristic signal；
4), processing module receives characteristic signal, and characteristic signal is carried out respectively by pressure subglottic method and wave current index method
Calculate, obtain the phonation efficiency under two kinds of algorithms, and using pressure subglottic method measurement result as abscissa, measured with wave current index method
As a result vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency coordinate diagram is set up for ordinate.
The step 4) comprise the following steps：
4.1) aerodynamics energy is asked for using formula p1=p*v, wherein p is pressure subglottic, and v is glottal air flow；Profit
Use formula p2=A*10SPL/10*10-12Speech utterance energy is asked for, the sound level that wherein SPL is measured when being sounding, A passes for acoustic energy
The area broadcast；The phonation efficiency of pressure subglottic method is p1 and p2 ratio；
4.2) the calculating phonation efficiency of wave current index method is ε=g-k μ, and wherein g is sound level, and sign is the sound intensity, μ=
20log (u/u0), characterizes glottal air flow intensity, wherein, u0 is air-flow reference intensity (10cm3/ s), u is the average sound measured
Door air-flow, k is constant, and value is 1.
4.3) using pressure subglottic method measurement result as abscissa, vocal cords are set up using wave current index method measurement result as ordinate
Vibration sounding efficiency coordinate diagram.
Further, user presets sample frequency and the control of AD conversion module by input through keyboard module and single-chip microcomputer
Sampling channel, completes the collection to specifying signal.When selection function is that lung capacity is measured, AD conversion module is completed to oral cavity gas
Flow the sampling of signal and the display of result is completed using LCDs.When selection function is environment noise test, AD conversion
Module is completed the sampling to sound level signal and the display of result is completed using LCDs.When selection function is surveyed for phonation efficiency
During amount, AD conversion module is sequentially completed oral airflow, the sequential sampling of oral cavity air pressure and sound level and handed over by single-chip microcomputer PC
Mutual module is upload the data on PC.
The evaluation of phonation efficiency deploys on X-Y scheme, as shown in Figure 2.Respectively by pressure subglottic method on X-Y scheme
Phonation efficiency measurement with wave current index method is used as x-axis and y-axis.Pressure subglottic method and ripple are determined by experiment and statistics respectively
Span of the stream index method under normal sounding state.
Finally illustrate, the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and it is unrestricted, although with reference to compared with
The present invention is described in detail good embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to skill of the invention
Art scheme is modified or equivalent substitution, and without departing from the objective and scope of the technical program, it all should cover in the present invention
Right among.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency measuring system, it is characterised in that including：Sensor assembly, signal pre-processing module,
Central control module, single-chip microcomputer and PC interactive module and processing module；
Sensor assembly, for according to predeterminated frequency gather sounder characteristic signal, the characteristic signal include pressure subglottic,
Glottal air flow and sound level；
Signal pre-processing module, for being pre-processed to the characteristic signal collected；
Central control module, the parameter value of frequency acquisition, function selection and display characteristic signal for setting characteristic signal；
Single-chip microcomputer and PC interactive module, for the parameter value of characteristic signal to be transferred into processing module；
Processing module, for receiving characteristic signal, is counted to characteristic signal respectively by pressure subglottic method and wave current index method
Calculate, obtain the phonation efficiency under two kinds of algorithms, and using pressure subglottic method measurement result as abscissa, measured and tied with wave current index method
Fruit sets up vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency coordinate diagram for ordinate, the processing module specifically for：
Aerodynamics energy is asked for using formula p1=p*v, wherein p is pressure subglottic, and v is glottal air flow；Utilize formula p2
=A*10SPL/10*10-12Speech utterance energy, the sound level that wherein SPL is measured when being sounding are asked for, A is the face that acoustic energy is propagated
Product；The phonation efficiency of pressure subglottic method is p1 and p2 ratio；
The calculating phonation efficiency of wave current index method is ε=g-k μ, and wherein g is sound level, and sign is the sound intensity, μ=20log (u/
U0), glottal air flow intensity is characterized, wherein, u0 is air-flow reference intensity 10cm3/ s, u are the average glottal air flow measured, and k is
Constant, value is 1；
Using pressure subglottic method measurement result as abscissa, vocal cord vibration sounding is set up by ordinate of wave current index method measurement result
Efficiency coordinate diagram；
Also include AD conversion module and input through keyboard module, the output end and center control of input through keyboard module and AD conversion module
Module is connected, and input through keyboard module carries out the control of AD conversion modules channel selecting and sample rate, tool by central control module
Body includes：
When selection function is that lung capacity is measured, AD conversion module completes the sampling of oral airflow signal and utilizes liquid crystal display
Screen completes the display of result；
When selection function is environment noise test, AD conversion module completes the sampling to sound level signal and utilizes LCDs
Complete the display of result；
When selection function is that phonation efficiency is measured, AD conversion module is sequentially completed oral airflow, oral cavity air pressure and sound level
Sequential sampling is simultaneously upload the data on PC by single-chip microcomputer PC interactive module.
2. vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency measuring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sensor assembly bag
Include：Oral cavity baroceptor, oral airflow sensor and microphone.
3. vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency measuring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Signal Pretreatment mould
Block includes pre-amplification circuit, low-pass filter circuit and power frequency filter circuit；The output end of sensor assembly and preposition amplification electricity
The input on road is connected, and the output end of pre-amplification circuit is connected with the input of low-pass filter circuit, low-pass filter circuit
Output end is connected with the input of power frequency filter circuit, the output end of power frequency filter circuit and the input phase of central control module
Even.
4. vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency measuring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the central control module
For single-chip microcomputer.
5. a kind of vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency measuring method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) characteristic signal of sounder, is gathered according to predeterminated frequency, sounding is carried out by the way of alternately hair voiceless consonant and vowel
Characteristic signal parameter acquisition, the characteristic signal includes pressure subglottic, glottal air flow and sound level, specially utilizes air pressure sensing
Device, pneumatic sensor and Mike gather pressure subglottic, glottal air flow and sound level respectively；
2), the characteristic signal collected is pre-processed；
3), processing module will be transferred to by pretreated characteristic signal；
4), processing module receives characteristic signal, and characteristic signal is calculated respectively by pressure subglottic method and wave current index method,
The phonation efficiency under two kinds of algorithms is obtained, and using pressure subglottic method measurement result as abscissa, with wave current index method measurement result
Vocal cord vibration phonation efficiency coordinate diagram is set up for ordinate；
The step 4) comprise the following steps：
4.1) aerodynamics energy is asked for using formula p1=p*v, wherein p is pressure subglottic, and v is glottal air flow；Utilize public affairs
Formula p2=A*10SPL/10*10-12Speech utterance energy, the sound level that wherein SPL is measured when being sounding are asked for, A is what acoustic energy was propagated
Area；The phonation efficiency of pressure subglottic method is p1 and p2 ratio；
4.2) the calculating phonation efficiency of wave current index method is ε=g-k μ, and wherein g is sound level, and sign is the sound intensity, μ=20log
(u/u0) glottal air flow intensity, is characterized, wherein, u0 is air-flow reference intensity 10cm3/ s, u are the average glottal air flow measured,
K is constant, and value is 1；
4.3) using pressure subglottic method measurement result as abscissa, vocal cord vibration is set up using wave current index method measurement result as ordinate
Phonation efficiency coordinate diagram.
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