CN104813993B - Small agricultural pests automated watch-keeping facility and method based on machine vision - Google Patents

Small agricultural pests automated watch-keeping facility and method based on machine vision Download PDF

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CN104813993B
CN104813993B CN201510195638.XA CN201510195638A CN104813993B CN 104813993 B CN104813993 B CN 104813993B CN 201510195638 A CN201510195638 A CN 201510195638A CN 104813993 B CN104813993 B CN 104813993B
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insect
sticking plate
mythimna separata
agricultural pests
image
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CN104813993A (en
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赵银娣
陈恩会
王炜
常方正
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of small agricultural pests automated watch-keeping facility and method based on machine vision, the automated watch-keeping facility is mainly made up of the part such as small agricultural pests automatic trap, camera and computer;The automatic monitoring method mainly includes the following steps that, installs automated watch-keeping facility, updates insect-sticking plate, the image of one frame insect-sticking plate of collection, the image for waiting for a period of time, gathering a frame insect-sticking plate again, the two frame insect-sticking plate images for gathering recently carried out with Differential Detection, the result of Differential Detection is counted automatically and is classified, output result, judged whether to terminate monitoring, judge whether to update insect-sticking plate;It is an advantage of the invention that also can implement to trap in the case of without insect sex attractant and high-voltage fence to small agricultural pests automatically, and the insect that traps is counted automatically using machine vision technique and classified, the time dependent information of record pest trap value volume and range of product.

Description

Small agricultural pests automated watch-keeping facility and method based on machine vision
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural pests automatic monitoring technical field, specifically a kind of small agricultural evil based on machine vision Worm automated watch-keeping facility and method.
Background technology
In China's agricultural production, yield and economic benefit are affected larger small agricultural pests be mainly Homoptera and Dipterous insect, including but not limited to:Aphid, plant hopper, Bemisia tabaci, liriomyza bryoniae, fruit bat etc..At present for these small agriculturals The field investigation of insect still takes artificial range estimation investigation method, the method to waste time and energy, investigation result person under investigation person subjectivity shadow Ring greatly, basic unit's plant protection personnel lack now in addition, field investigation task weight, and the artificial range estimation investigation method of this inefficiency is The requirement of agricultural modernization can not be met.
In recent years, some new insect automatic monitoring technicals are constantly suggested, and monitoring technology main at present has infrared meter Number technology, picture count technology etc., the development of these technology improve insect automatic identification and the efficiency for counting, and are greatly facilitated The development of worm monitoring automation.As patent 201410128410.4 discloses a kind of pest trap counting device and counts system System, the invention first pass through insect sex attractant and carry out trapping pests, then comprehensively using infrared counting technology and picture count technology Insect is counted, but due to lacking corresponding insect sex attractant, the invention can't trap aphid, plant hopper, Bemisia tabaci, The small agricultural pests such as liriomyza bryoniae, fruit bat, while the invention is also provided with high-voltage fence in trapper, even if there is small agricultural Insect flies in trapper by mistake also can be by electric burnt, so as to can not be by accurate counting.
Content of the invention
In order to solve defect present in above-mentioned prior art, the invention provides a kind of small agriculture based on machine vision Industry insect automated watch-keeping facility and method, can trap small agriculture in the case of without insect sex attractant and high-voltage fence automatically Industry insect, and using machine vision technique to trapping to insect counted automatically and classified, record pest trap quantity and The time dependent information of species.
The technical solution used in the present invention:A kind of small agricultural pests automated watch-keeping facility based on machine vision, including Support, is fixed with an active roller bearing, driven roller bearing and the mythimna separata being wound on active roller bearing and driven roller bearing on described support Plate;Mythimna separata agent painting brush is provided with above described insect-sticking plate, and lower section is provided with mythimna separata agent and removes brush;Described mythimna separata plate surface with viscous Brush contact is removed in worm agent painting brush and mythimna separata agent;Described mythimna separata agent painting brush is connected with a mythimna separata agent storage bin;Described prison Survey device to be additionally provided with for monitoring the camera and computer of insect-sticking plate.
According to a further aspect in the invention, there is provided a kind of small agricultural pests automatic monitoring method based on machine vision, Comprise the steps:
S1:Small agricultural pests automated watch-keeping facility is installed, the monitoring device described in claim 1 is arranged on crops Field, makes the bottom of insect-sticking plate higher than 10-20 centimetre at the top of crops;Mythimna separata agent is added by mythimna separata agent by mythimna separata agent filler Storage bin;The focal length of camera is adjusted, makes monitoring range cover insect-sticking plate;
S2:Insect-sticking plate being updated, rotation instruction being sent from computer to active roller bearing, active roller bearing rotates, in driven roller bearing Assistance under, insect-sticking plate is moved down towards the side of camera, and displacement exceed insect-sticking plate height, in insect-sticking plate In moving process, mythimna separata agent painting brush by mythimna separata agent uniform application on insect-sticking plate, while mythimna separata agent remove brush by insect-sticking plate Mythimna separata agent and adhere to superincumbent insect and debris are disposed together;
S3:After the completion of insect-sticking plate updates, camera gathers the image of a frame insect-sticking plate immediately;
S4:Wait for a period of time;
S5:Camera gathers the image of a frame insect-sticking plate;
S6:The two frame insect-sticking plate images for gathering recently are carried out with contrast stretching and gray processing is processed, then to two frames ash Degreeization image carries out Differential Detection and binary conversion treatment;
S7:The binary image obtained by Differential Detection carries out mathematical morphology open operator, then mark UNICOM region, and Dual threshold screening is carried out to UNICOM region, finally the figure spot that screening is obtained is counted and compressive classification automatically;
S8:The number of pest increased in output result, output unit time and species;
S9:Judge whether to terminate monitoring, if terminating monitoring, exit, if not terminating monitoring, continue executing with next Step;
S10:Judge whether to update insect-sticking plate, if currently the gross area of capture insect exceedes the 60% of mythimna separata plate suqare, Then execution step S2, otherwise execution step S4.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:The present invention announce the small agricultural pests automated watch-keeping facility based on machine vision and Method, the investigation for small agricultural pests provide a kind of new automatic monitoring method.Not using conventional elder brother in this method Worm sex attractant technology, but the taxis using small agricultural pests to particular color, design a kind of automatic trap, realize The function of small agricultural pests can be also traped in the case of without sex attractant.Insect-sticking plate is provided with automatic trap certainly Dynamic updating device, the device can solve artificial replacing insect-sticking plate time interval handle according to monitoring needs, timely replacement insect-sticking plate Hold the problem of inaccurate, high labor intensive.Position of the present invention by the position of camera with insect-sticking plate is relatively fixed, and makes camera Monitoring range just covers whole insect-sticking plate, reduces the difficulty of Differential Detection when insect counts automatically and classifies, improves difference Efficiency and stability that go-on-go is surveyed.The present invention has used mathematics in based on the small agricultural pests automatic testing method of machine vision Morphology opening operation, can disconnect tiny connection between figure spot, make counting automatically more accurate;Using artificial intelligence neural networks Model is classified to insect image, and nicety of grading is high, good stability.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of small agricultural pests automated watch-keeping facility of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of small agricultural pests automatic monitoring method of the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to preferably state the details and its advantage of technical solution of the present invention, it is described further in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of small agricultural pests automated watch-keeping facility based on machine vision, including support, described An active roller bearing 7, driven roller bearing 4 and the insect-sticking plate 5 being wound on active roller bearing 7 and driven roller bearing 4 is fixed with support;Described Insect-sticking plate 5 above be provided with mythimna separata agent painting brush 2, lower section is provided with mythimna separata agent and removes brush 8;Described 5 surface of insect-sticking plate and mythimna separata Agent painting brush 2 and mythimna separata agent are removed brush 8 and are contacted;Described mythimna separata agent painting brush 2 is connected with a mythimna separata agent storage bin 3;Described Monitoring device is additionally provided with for monitoring the camera 9 and computer 15 of insect-sticking plate 5.
Wherein, described mythimna separata agent storage bin 3 is provided with mythimna separata agent filler 1, for filling mythimna separata agent, meanwhile, mythimna separata Mythimna separata agent uniform application is arrived by the mythimna separata agent in agent storage bin 3 and 2 directly contact of mythimna separata agent painting brush by mythimna separata agent painting brush On insect-sticking plate 5.
Motor is provided with described active roller bearing 7;Described motor is connected with computer 15 by roller bearing control line 6 Connect, execute rotation or halt instruction that computer 15 is assigned, and power supply is provided by calculation machine 15;Described camera 9 is by shooting Head data wire 14 is connected with computer 15, is executed the collection image command that computer 15 is assigned, and is provided power supply by calculation machine 15. Data wire used in embodiment, is USB interface data wire, can provide power supply while transmission information.Camera 9 5 image of insect-sticking plate of collection, is maintained in computer 15, and comprising acquisition time and number information, when needed, Ke Yisui When have access to, so as to further ensure the accuracy of monitoring result.
Described support includes the A-frame 12 and the expansion link 11 being arranged on A-frame 12 positioned at bottom, described Expansion link 11 be provided with fixing bolt 10;Described camera 9 is fixed on expansion link 11 by camera fixing support 13 and pushes up End;Described insect-sticking plate 5, its color can select yellow, blue or white, the selection of insect-sticking plate 5 Huang in the present embodiment as needed Color;Described active roller bearing 7, its girth slightly larger than 5 height of insect-sticking plate 1/3, therefore, when updating insect-sticking plate 5, only need to be controlled to lead Dynamic roller bearing 7 rolls 3 circles and can complete 1 renewal.
As shown in Fig. 2 a kind of small agricultural pests automatic monitoring method based on machine vision, comprises the following steps that:
S1:Automated watch-keeping facility is installed, monitoring device is fixed on crops field, adjustable telescopic rod with A-frame 12 11, make 5 bottom of insect-sticking plate higher than 10-20 centimetre at the top of crops, then expansion link 11 is fixed with fixing bolt 10;Use roller bearing control The connection active of line processed 6 roller bearing 7 and computer 15, connect monitoring camera 9 and computer 15 with data wire 14;By filler 1 Mythimna separata agent is filled into mythimna separata agent storage bin 3;The focal length of monitoring camera 9 is adjusted, just the monitoring range of monitoring camera 9 is made Cover insect-sticking plate 5;
S2:Insect-sticking plate 5 is updated, rotation instruction, 7 average rate of active roller bearing rotation 3 are sent to active roller bearing 7 by computer 15 In week, under the assistance of driven roller bearing 4, active roller bearing 7 drives insect-sticking plate 5 to move down towards the side of camera, and mobile away from From the height for exceeding insect-sticking plate 5;When painting brush 2, painting brush 2 is by the mythimna separata agent in mythimna separata agent storage bin 3 on insect-sticking plate 5 top Uniform application is on insect-sticking plate 5;Brush 8 is removed by the mythimna separata agent on insect-sticking plate 5 and attached when removing brush 8 in 5 bottom of insect-sticking plate The insect in mythimna separata agent is removed;
S3:After the completion of insect-sticking plate 5 updates, monitoring camera 9 gathers the image of an insect-sticking plate 5 immediately, and time domain is remembered For ti(i=1), picture number is designated as mi(i=1), the storage format of gathered image is JPG forms, and color mode is RGB lattice Formula;
S4:Wait for a period of time Δ t (span 1-600s), makes i=i+1;
S5:Monitoring camera 9 gathers the image of a frame insect-sticking plate 5 again, and time domain is designated as ti, picture number is designated as mi
S6:Contrast stretching is carried out to the image of the two frame insect-sticking plates 5 for gathering recently and gray processing is processed, then to two frames Gray level image carries out Differential Detection and binaryzation;
Contrast stretching, the RGB image m of two frame insect-sticking plates 5 before Differential Detection first to gathering recentlyiAnd mi-1Carry out IHS is converted, and obtains brightness (Intensity, I), colourity (Hue, H), three components of saturation degree (Saturation, S), Ran Houqu The luminance component I of the two field pictures after IHS conversioniAnd Ii-1, ask which to combine grey level histogram, according to joint histogram respectively to Ii And Ii-1Contrast stretching is carried out, finally with the luminance component I ' after stretchingiWith I 'i-1Enter with respective colourity, saturation degree component Row IHS inverse transformations, obtain the RGB image m ' after contrast stretchingiWith m 'i-1
Image gray processing process, by RGB image m 'iWith m 'i-1Be converted to gray level image fiAnd fi-1, computing formula is:
F=r*0.299+g*0.587+b*0.114
Wherein, f is gray value, and r is red component, and g is green component, and b is blue component;
Differential Detection, for gray level image fiAnd fi-1Differential Detection is carried out as follows:
fΔt(x, y)=fi(x,y)-fi-1(x,y)
Wherein, Δ t=ti-ti-1, fΔt(x, y) is the gray scale difference that two frame gray level images are arranged in xth row, y;
Binary conversion treatment, sets rational threshold value T with maximum variance between clustersf, to Differential Detection result fΔtEnter Row binaryzation, obtains the binary image B of Differential Detection resulti, binaryzation carried out by following equation:
Binary image B in Differential Detection resultiIntermediate value is the insect that 1 pixel is considered as new capture within the Δ t times, It is worth and is considered as background or t for 0 pixeli-1The insect captured before moment;
S7:The binary image obtained by Differential Detection carries out mathematical morphology open operator, then mark UNICOM region, and Dual threshold screening is carried out to UNICOM region, finally the figure spot that screening is obtained is counted and compressive classification automatically;
Mathematical morphology open operator, binaryzation figure spot Differential Detection obtained with the disc structure element that radius is 1 enter Row mathematical morphology open operator, the i.e. computing of advanced line number morphological erosion are disconnecting tiny connection between figure spot, Ran Houzai Carry out mathematical morphology dilation operation;
Mark UNICOM region, finds all UNICOM regions according to eight neighborhood, and marks respectively, each mark UNICOM region All by as an alternative figure spot;
Dual threshold is screened, and sets 2 threshold values TBminAnd TBmax, represent lower limit and the upper limit of small agricultural pests area respectively, All alternative figure spots are screened, and area are removed more than the upper limit or the figure spot less than lower limit;
Automatically count, the figure spot that dual threshold screening is obtained is counted automatically, the quantity of figure spot is exactly to lure in the Δ t times The number of pest that catches;
Compressive classification, the figure spot that dual threshold screening is obtained obtain coloured image m ' as masking-outiIn each figure spot face Color information, calculates 3 characteristic values such as color average, area and length-width ratio of each figure spot, and is entered into the people for training Work intelligent Neural Network model is classified, and the insect that insect-sticking plate 5 is traped is divided into 4 classes by model, and wherein, type I is represented to be had Wing aphid, Type II represent Bemisia tabaci, and type III represents fruit bat, and Type IV represents other;
S8:Output result, exports the number of pest and species increased on insect-sticking plate 5 in the current Δ t times;
S9:Judge whether to terminate monitoring, if terminating monitoring, exit, if not terminating monitoring, continue executing with next Step;
S10:Judge whether to update insect-sticking plate 5, if the insect gross area of current capture exceedes 5 area of insect-sticking plate 60%, then execution step S2, otherwise execution step S4.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of small agricultural pests automated watch-keeping facility based on machine vision, it is characterised in that:Including support, described props up An active roller bearing (7), driven roller bearing (4) and the insect-sticking plate being wound on active roller bearing (7) and driven roller bearing (4) is fixed with frame (5);Mythimna separata agent painting brush (2) is provided with above described insect-sticking plate (5), and lower section is provided with mythimna separata agent and removes brush (8);Described mythimna separata Brush (8) is removed with mythimna separata agent painting brush (2) and mythimna separata agent and is contacted in plate (5) surface;Described mythimna separata agent painting brush (2) is connected with one Mythimna separata agent storage bin (3);Described monitoring device is additionally provided with for monitoring the camera (9) and computer (15) of insect-sticking plate (5); Motor is provided with described active roller bearing (7);Described motor is connected with computer (15) by roller bearing control line (6) Connect, execute rotation or halt instruction that computer (15) is assigned, and power supply is provided by computer (15);Described camera (9) It is connected with computer (15) by camera data wire (14), the collection image command that execution computer (15) is assigned, and by Computer (15) provides power supply;Described support include positioned at bottom A-frame (12) and be arranged on A-frame (12) Expansion link (11);Described camera (9) is fixed on the top of expansion link (11) by camera fixing support (13).
2. the small agricultural pests automated watch-keeping facility based on machine vision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Institute Mythimna separata agent storage bin (3) that states is provided with mythimna separata agent filler (1).
3. the small agricultural pests automated watch-keeping facility based on machine vision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Institute The expansion link (11) that states is provided with fixing bolt (10).
4. the small agricultural pests automated watch-keeping facility based on machine vision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Institute The insect-sticking plate (5) that states, its color are yellow, blue or white.
5. a kind of small agricultural pests automatic monitoring method based on machine vision, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1:Small agricultural pests automated watch-keeping facility is installed, the monitoring device described in claim 1 is arranged on crops field Between, the bottom of insect-sticking plate (5) is made higher than 10-20 centimetre at the top of crops;Mythimna separata agent is added by mythimna separata agent filler (1) viscous Worm agent storage bin (3);The focal length of camera (9) is adjusted, makes monitoring range cover insect-sticking plate (5);
S2:Insect-sticking plate (5) being updated, rotation instruction being sent from computer (15) to active roller bearing (7), active roller bearing (7) rotates, Under the assistance of driven roller bearing (4), insect-sticking plate (5) is moved down towards the side of camera (9), and displacement exceedes insect-sticking plate (5) height, in the moving process of insect-sticking plate (5), mythimna separata agent painting brush (2) is by mythimna separata agent uniform application in insect-sticking plate (5) On, while brush (8) is removed in mythimna separata agent the mythimna separata agent on insect-sticking plate (5) and the superincumbent insect of attachment and debris are removed together Fall;
S3:After the completion of insect-sticking plate (5) updates, camera (9) gathers the image of a frame insect-sticking plate (5) immediately;
S4:Wait for a period of time;
S5:Camera (9) gathers the image of a frame insect-sticking plate (5);
S6:Contrast stretching is carried out to the image of the two frame insect-sticking plates (5) for gathering recently and gray processing is processed, then to two frames ash Degreeization image carries out Differential Detection and binary conversion treatment;
S7:The binary image obtained by Differential Detection carries out mathematical morphology open operator, then mark UNICOM region, and distich Logical region carries out dual threshold screening, and finally the figure spot that screening is obtained is counted and compressive classification automatically;
S8:The number of pest increased in output result, output unit time and species;
S9:Judge whether to terminate monitoring, if terminating monitoring, exit, if not terminating monitoring, continue executing with next step;
S10:Judge whether to update insect-sticking plate (5), if currently the gross area of capture insect exceedes insect-sticking plate (5) area 60%, then execution step S2, otherwise execution step S4.
6. the small agricultural pests automatic monitoring method based on machine vision according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:Step The image storage format gathered in rapid S3 and step S5 is JPG forms, and color mode is rgb format.
7. the small agricultural pests automatic monitoring method based on machine vision according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:Step In rapid S6, the computing formula of Differential Detection is:
fΔt(x, y)=fi(x,y)-fi-1(x,y)
Wherein, fiAnd fi-1Number for gray level image, fΔt(x, y) is the gray scale difference of two frame gray level images;The two of Differential Detection result Value is carried out by following equation:
B i ( x , y ) = 1 f Δ t ( x , y ) > T f 0 f Δ t ( x , y ) ≤ T f
Wherein, BiFor the binary image of Differential Detection result, TfFor binary-state threshold, fΔtFor Differential Detection result.
8. the small agricultural pests automatic monitoring method based on machine vision according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:Step Compressive classification in rapid S7, concretely comprises the following steps the figure spot for obtaining dual threshold screening as masking-out, after obtaining contrast stretching The colouring information of a nearest color image frame, calculates 3 characteristic values such as color average, area and length-width ratio of each figure spot, and It is entered into the artificial intelligence neural networks model for training to be classified.
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