CN104813875A - Method for killing phytophthora capsici by dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP) enhanced ammonium nitrogen - Google Patents

Method for killing phytophthora capsici by dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP) enhanced ammonium nitrogen Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104813875A
CN104813875A CN201510247784.2A CN201510247784A CN104813875A CN 104813875 A CN104813875 A CN 104813875A CN 201510247784 A CN201510247784 A CN 201510247784A CN 104813875 A CN104813875 A CN 104813875A
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soil
dmpp
pepper
ammonium nitrogen
phytophthora
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马艳
曹云
郭德杰
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Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for killing phytophthora capsici by dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP) enhanced ammonium nitrogen. The method includes that DMPP and ammonium bicarbonate are mixed and applied to surface soil, soil water content is adjusted to be 60% of field capacity, and peppers can be planted after maintaining for 15 days. According to the method for killing phytophthora capsici by the DMPP enhanced ammonium nitrogen, by means of inhibiting effect of DMPP on nitrifying bacteria in soil, ammonium nitrogen fertilizers can be inhibited from being converted to nitrate nitrogen, concentration of ammonium nitrogen in soil can be increased, zoospore germination and mycelial growth of the phytophthora capsici can be inhibited, morbidity of pepper phytophthora blight is reduced, pepper yield is increased, and the method is simple during operation, good in control effect and easy to popularize and apply by large scale.

Description

DMPP strengthens the method that ammonium nitrogen kills phytophthora blight of pepper
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop pest control field, particularly a kind of DMPP strengthens the method that ammonium nitrogen kills phytophthora blight of pepper.
Background technology
Capsicum epidemic disease is reported in the New Mexico of 1918 first, be a kind of worldwide extensively occur soil-borne disease, large stretch of plant can be caused withered, to yield of hot pepper and qualitative effects very big, time serious, the underproduction is up to more than 50%.In China, capsicum epidemic disease is extensively distributed in more than 20 provinces such as Jiangsu, Shandong, Shaanxi, and onset area accounts for 20%-30% of main producing region area under cultivation, and the incidence of disease is in rising year by year and spreading trend.
Phytophthora blight of pepper is the pathogenic bacteria of capsicum epidemic disease, and it with various phage structure long-term surviving in soil, can become the main primary source of infection of next season of growth disease.At present, the main prevention and controls of capsicum epidemic disease has breeding resistant variety, Agro-chemicals control, biological control and agricultural measures etc.Although these methods all have successful report, but still Shortcomings, as the anti-capsicum epidemic disease kind cultivated at present, be only disease-resistant or disease tolerant variety, without high resistance kind or immunological species, the disease-resistant level shown when being applied to actual production is still lower; Agro-chemicals control method easily causes residual, the enrichment of agricultural chemicals in soil and agricultural product, brings huge food security and Environmental security hidden danger; And the effect of biological control be easily subject to Antagonistic Fungi in soil colonization ability restriction and not easily extensively promote employing, therefore, in the urgent need to developing, new preventive effect is stablized, environmental friendliness, capsicum epidemic disease prophylactico-therapeutic measures easy and simple to handle.
Research finds, the quantity of the phytophthora blight of pepper in the generation of capsicum epidemic disease and the order of severity and soil is proportionate within the specific limits.Lot of documents is reported, the ammonium nitrogen of soil middle and high concentration has stronger killing action to the soil-borne pathogen comprising phytophthora blight of pepper, and in the soil solution, the content of ammonium nitrogen is higher, better to the killing effect of pathogen.But under upland soil, the ammonium nitrogen in being manured into soil can be converted into nitrate nitrogen very soon under the effect of soil nitrification microorganism, loses the inhibitory action to pathogen, even nitrate nitrogen also has facilitation to the growth and reproduction of phytophthora blight of pepper in soil.Application number be 201410327691.6 Chinese patent disclose a kind of by soil, apply liquefied ammonia and compounding application microbial organic fertilizer to reduce the method for cucumber fusarium axysporum in soil, but must in conjunction with measures such as the vexed canopies of high temperature in the method application, and the ammonia discharged in liquefied ammonia application may cause damage to operating personnel and environment; Application number be 201310229452.2 Chinese patent disclose a kind of natural pond liquid of irrigating high concentration ammonium nitrogen content in soil to control soil-borne disease of crop method, but the method is subject to the restriction of biogas source, growing vegetables ground problem, should not promote the use of.
Nitrification inhibitor has the class material suppressing nitrite bacteria movable function, and it can suppress the biologically active of nitrosoation, nitrifiers and denitrifiers in soil, hinders NH 4 +-N is to NO 3 --N transforms.3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid (3,4-Dimethylpyrazol phosphate, DMPP) is a kind of novel nitrification inhibitor, can suppress the activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in soil, stops ammonium nitrogen to the conversion of nitrate nitrogen, and the nitrogen controlled in soil is tried one's best with NH 4 +the form of-N exists (" German new nitrification DMPP ", tea is positive early etc., and Anhui agronomy is circulated a notice of, and 2007,13 (12): 46-48).Because DMPP is to other microorganism nonhazardouss of plant, the mankind, animal and soil, without drip washing in soil, the features such as the term of validity is long, be used as special fertilizer in the world and approved, but DMPP plays Nitrification Inhibition and is subject to the various factors such as soil types, Fertilizers, soil temperature, crop species, cultivation step, at present also not by applying ammonium fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor in soil, extend the half life period of ammonium nitrogen in soil, to kill the pathogen in soil, overcome the bibliographical information of soil-borne disease.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, for the problems referred to above, provide a kind of enhancing to kill phytophthora blight of pepper, the method for prevention and control capsicum epidemic disease effect, to reduce phytophthora blight of pepper quantity in soil, control capsicum epidemic disease incidence, improve yield of hot pepper, the present invention is achieved in that
DMPP strengthens the method that ammonium nitrogen kills phytophthora blight of pepper, and concrete steps are as follows: apply topsoil after being mixed with carbonic hydroammonium by DMPP, fully mix with soil, regulates soil moisture content to be 60% of field capacity, keeps can planting after 15 days capsicum.
Further, in the present invention, the sowing amount of carbonic hydroammonium is 60kg/ mu, and the sowing amount of DMPP is the 1-2% applying total N content.
Topsoil of the present invention refers to the soil of 0-20cm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: 3, the 4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid (DMPP) applied to topsoil, inhibited to the nitrifying bacteria in soil, suppresses ammonium fertilizer to change nitrate nitrogen into, simultaneously because soil surface is electronegative, to cation NH 4 +there is very strong confinement capabilities, the concentration of the ammonium nitrogen in soil can be increased, suppress phytophthora zoospore to be sprouted and mycelial growth; The time of the control of water content and 15 days, both for the microorganism in soil provides suitable living environment, under the threshold value that the phytophthora quantity ensureing again in soil has the sufficient time to drop to cause capsicum to fall ill; The method is simple to operate, is easy to promote the use of, and experiment shows, the phytophthora blight of pepper quantity in the field soil after the method process can reduce by 1 order of magnitude, and the capsicum incidence of disease reduces by 64.5%, and output increases by 8.6%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiment soil ammonium assay result schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is embodiment content of soil nitrate-N measurement result schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The phytophthora blight of pepper related in embodiment is separated from Huai'an, Jiangsu Province Fusarium solani diseased plant rhizosphere soil, is preserved by academy of agricultural sciences of Jiangsu Province Zi Huansuo soil and fertilizer research department;
Culture medium prescription is related in embodiment:
PDA medium: potato 200g, glucose 20g, agar 20.0g, distilled water 1000mL, pH nature;
V8 medium: V8 fruit juice 200g, CaCO 33.0g, agar 20.0g, distilled water 1000ml
pH 5.8。
the inhibitory action experiment that embodiment 1 carbonic hydroammonium is sprouted phytophthora blight of pepper zoospore
The preparation of phytophthora blight of pepper zoospore suspension: phytophthora blight of pepper is cultivated 5 d in V8 medium, punching is got colony edge 20 mycelia blocks (diameter 6 mm) and is put into 15 ml aqua sterilisa culture dishes are housed, long have one of mycelia to face up, liquid level floods mycelia block, and alternation of light and darkness cultivates (12 h/12 h) 2 d; Again mycelia block is transferred in the test tube containing 5 mL aqua sterilisas, after putting into 4 DEG C of refrigerators, refrigerates 30 min, to be released go out zoospore, choose mycelia block, be made into phytophthora blight of pepper zoospore suspension, obtaining spore concentration with blood counting chamber meter is 1 × 10 5individual/ml.
The inhibition test method that phytophthora blight of pepper zoospore is sprouted: carbonic hydroammonium and DMPP are dissolved in 0.1mol/L phosphate buffer (pH=7.5) respectively, obtain the NH of 1000 mg/L 4 +the ammonium bicarbonate soln of-N concentration and the DMPP solution of 10 mg/L, mix the ammonium bicarbonate soln obtained and DMPP solution with phytophthora blight of pepper zoospore suspension respectively, observe each process spore germination rate.Concrete grammar is: draw 10 μ l phytophthora blight of pepper zoospore suspensions and be added to concave surface respectively, on the slide of sterilization treatment, add 5 μ l ammonium bicarbonate solns or DMPP solution again, each process 3 repetition, sets up blank group (adding Plondrel acid buffer) simultaneously; Slide is put into culture dish, with aseptic moistening filter paper moisturizing bottom culture dish, culture dish is after 28 DEG C of constant temperature culture 6 h, the sprouting state of each process zoospore is observed respectively under 40 times of mirrors, several 100 zoospores are looked into immediately in each visual field, calculate zoospore germination rate, timely replenishing water and preserving moisture in observation process, result of the test is as shown in table 1:
Table 1: the inhibition that carbonic hydroammonium is sprouted phytophthora blight of pepper zoospore
Process Spore germination rate % Inhibiting rate %
Blank 76.2 /
DMPP solution 75.3 1.2
Ammonium bicarbonate soln 8.4 88.9
From table 1, ammonium bicarbonate soln significantly reduces phytophthora blight of pepper zoospore germination rate, but nitrification inhibitor itself is sprouted without obvious inhibitory action phytophthora zoospore.
embodiment 2 carbonic hydroammonium is to the inhibition test of phytophthora blight of pepper mycelial growth
Test is divided into three groups, specific as follows:
Experimental group: ammonium nitrogen concentration is the ammonium bicarbonate soln of 1000 mg/L
Control group 1: sterile water
Control group 2:10mg/L DMPP solution
Getting 3 groups of each 5ml of solution, add 45mlPDA medium (50 ~ 60 DEG C of thawings) mixing respectively and be down flat plate, is the phytophthora blight of pepper mycelia of 6mm at dull and stereotyped central authorities' inoculation 1 diameter after solidifying, cultivate 72 h for 28 DEG C, measure the colony diameter of phytophthora, often process 5 repetitions, result of the test is as shown in table 2:
Table 2: carbonic hydroammonium is to phytophthora blight of pepper mycelial growth inhibition
Process Colony diameter (cm) Inhibiting rate (%)
Control group 1 6.4 /
Control group 2 6.5 /
Experimental group 2.1 67.2%
From table 2, compared with contrasting with sterile water, DMPP process is to phytophthora blight of pepper mycelial growth without obvious toxic action, but carbonic hydroammonium processed group reaches 67.2% to phytophthora blight of pepper mycelial growth inhibitory action.
embodiment 3 carbonic hydroammonium coordinates DMPP to test the impact of phytophthora quantity in soil
Take 180kg and cross 20 object capsicum continuous cropping soils (picking up from Huai'an, Jiangsu Province) with Plastic Drum, and in soil, access phytophthora blight of pepper spore, make the concentration of phytophthora in soil reach 1000 spore/g, test arranges 6 process, each process repetition 3 times (3 buckets):
Process 1: blank: namely do not apply any fertilizer in soil, is called for short CK;
Process 2:DMPP contrast, namely only applies 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid of 1mg/kg soil, is called for short DMPP in soil;
3, the 4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid+50mg N/kg soil (i.e. carbonic hydroammonium sowing amount 0.29g/kg soil) of process 3:1mg/kg soil, are called for short DMPP+LN;
Process 4:50 mg N/kg soil (i.e. carbonic hydroammonium sowing amount 0.29g/kg soil), is called for short LN;
Process 5:1mg/kg soil 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid+100 mg N/kg soil (carbonic hydroammonium sowing amount 0.58g/kg soil), is called for short DMPP+HN;
Process 6:100mg N/kg soil (carbonic hydroammonium sowing amount 0.58g/kg soil), is called for short HN.
After soil, carbonic hydroammonium, nitrification inhibitor fully being mixed, moisture is adjusted to 60% of field capacity, constant temperature 30 DEG C cultivation, within 2nd, 4,8,15 day, soil specimen 100g is got what cultivate, be stored in-70 DEG C of refrigerators, for soil ammonium-state and nitrate nitrogen content, cultivate the soil of collection in the 15th day also for phytophthora quantitative measurement.Logging in table 3.
Table 3 different disposal is on the impact of soil phytophthora quantity
Pathogen quantity (× 10 5 Copy/gram) Pathogen reduction rate (%)
CK 5.4 /
DMPP 5.4 /
LN 4.2 11.1
DMPP+LN 2.1 61.1
HN 4.8 22.2
HN+DMPP 1.1 79.6
From table 3, carbonic hydroammonium is 11.1-22.2% to the inhibition of phytophthora blight of pepper, and carbonic hydroammonium coordinates nitrification inhibitor comparatively strong to the inhibition of phytophthora blight of pepper, and increases along with the increase of nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount.DMPP suppresses obviously soil nitrification, and the process soil ammonium content of carbonic hydroammonium compounding application DMPP is higher all the time.
Soil incubation is after 15 days, what mix that the process soil ammonium content average specific used only uses carbonic hydroammonium exceeds 139%(as shown in Figure 1), nitrate nitrogen content is lower (as shown in Figure 2) then, visible nitrification inhibitor and carbonic hydroammonium compounding application well can not only suppress growth of pathogenic bacteria, can also reduce the drip washing loss risk of nitrified nitrogen in soil.
embodiment 4carbonic hydroammonium coordinates DMPP process on capsicum epidemic disease impact test
Be divided in the basin of 20 after 6 process mixings after respectively embodiment 3 being cultivated 15 days, 1 strain 4 leaf phase Hot Pepper Seedling transplanted by every basin, and within 28 days, add up the capsicum epidemic disease incidence of disease and disease index afterwards, result of the test is as shown in table 4:
The impact that table 4 different disposal occurs capsicum epidemic disease
  Incidence of disease % Disease index % Preventive effect %
CK 94.7 70 /
DMPP 94 90 /
LN 85 82.5 10.2
DMPP+LN 75 56.5 20.8
HN 80 77.5 15.5
HN+DMPP 30 27.5 68.3
As can be seen from Table 4, singly apply carbonic hydroammonium and DMPP is all not good to the control efficiency of capsicum epidemic disease, but under higher concentration carbonic hydroammonium and the process of DMPP compounding application, the incidence of disease of capsicum epidemic disease and disease index are all remarkable in contrast, and control efficiency reaches 68.3%.
embodiment 5carbonic hydroammonium coordinates DMPP process to the controlling experiment of shed for pepper soil-borne disease
Be positioned at six directions base, academy of agricultural sciences of Jiangsu Province booth for examination booth, continuously plantation capsicum 5 years, soil-borne disease occurs serious.
Experiment is divided into control group and experimental group parallel laboratory test:
Experimental group: apply topsoil after first DMPP and carbonic hydroammonium fully being mixed; and fully mix with soil; soil moisture content is regulated to be 60% of maxmun field capacity again; overlay film; and such soil moisture is kept 15 days; then transplant capsicum, the sowing amount of carbonic hydroammonium is 60kg/ mu (sowing amount amounting to into N is 10.6kg/ mu), and the amount of application of DMPP is 0.1kg/ mu;
Control group: only use carbonic hydroammonium, 60kg/ mu, then regulate soil moisture content to be 60% of maxmun field capacity, overlay film, and such soil moisture is kept 15 days, then transplant capsicum.
Except carrying out except processing method difference to soil in pepper cultivation process, other water and fertilizer management measure strict conformances.Phytophthora quantity, epidemic disease incidence and output is added up during chili growth.
Result of the test is in table 5.
Table 5 carbonic hydroammonium and DMPP compounding application are on yield of hot pepper, pathogen quantity and the pathogenetic impact of epidemic disease
Process Incidence of disease % Phytophthora quantity in soil (copy/gram) Yield of hot pepper (Kg/ mu)
Control group 12.4 13.54×10 3 2876.2
Experimental group 4.4 1.51×10 3 2629.9
As seen from Table 5, the experimental group capsicum incidence of disease is than contrast reduction by 64.5%, and the phytophthora quantity in soil reduces by 1 order of magnitude.Yield of hot pepper increases by 8.6% than control group.
These are only the one of embodiment of the present invention, is not limitation of the present invention, and in specific implementation process, the sowing amount scope of DMPP, within the 1-2% of applied total N content, all can realize the object of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a DMPP strengthens the method that ammonium nitrogen kills phytophthora blight of pepper, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows: apply topsoil after being mixed with carbonic hydroammonium by DMPP, fully mix with soil, regulate soil moisture content to be 60% of field capacity, keep can planting after 15 days capsicum.
2. DMPP strengthens the method that ammonium nitrogen kills phytophthora blight of pepper according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that, the sowing amount of carbonic hydroammonium is 60kg/ mu, and the sowing amount of DMPP is the 1-2% applying total N.
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Patent Citations (3)

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CN101368103A (en) * 2007-08-15 2009-02-18 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 Soil conditioner for preventing and controlling azotate pollution of facilities vegetable and method of producing the same
CN101607855A (en) * 2009-07-22 2009-12-23 山东光大肥业科技有限公司 A kind of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special that reduces nitrate content of Chinese cabbage and preparation method thereof
CN103214320A (en) * 2013-04-18 2013-07-24 淮安柴米河农业科技发展有限公司 Soil improvement matrix for alleviating soil continuous cropping obstacles and preparation method thereof

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Application publication date: 20150805