CN104809747B - The statistical method and its system of image histogram - Google Patents
The statistical method and its system of image histogram Download PDFInfo
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- CN104809747B CN104809747B CN201510239292.9A CN201510239292A CN104809747B CN 104809747 B CN104809747 B CN 104809747B CN 201510239292 A CN201510239292 A CN 201510239292A CN 104809747 B CN104809747 B CN 104809747B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to image processing techniques, the statistical method and its system of a kind of image histogram are disclosed.In the present invention, utilize the feature that identical contiguous pixels in image pixel data be present, these identical contiguous pixels are compressed using run-length encoding in advance, the statistics with histogram to these identical contiguous pixels can be then completed in one operation, reduce the read-write operation step of statistics with histogram, so as to greatly reduce the time of statistics with histogram and power consumption.In addition, carrying out run-length encoding while image pixel data is gathered, the idling-resource of system can be made full use of.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the statistical method and its system of image processing techniques, more particularly to image histogram.
Background technology
Image histogram illustrates the distribution situation of pixel value in piece image, and it is in image enhaucament, image segmentation and figure
As the image processing fields such as matching have a wide range of applications.The statistics of image histogram is an important ring of image preprocessing
Section, is the premise that image is further processed.The basic skills of the statistics of image histogram be to image slices vegetarian refreshments by
Point statistics.For the image of n-bit gray level M × N size, grey scale pixel value i scope is [0,2n- 1], corresponding to it
Image histogram is h (i).When carrying out statistics with histogram, to image according to order line by line, the gray value of current pixel is used
H (i) is addressed, one is added on the basis of h (i) currencys, until image traversal is completed.Using the above method, for 8-
The image of bit gray levels, the image histogram with 256 minizones (bin), the tonal range of each minizone can be generated
(bin-size) it is 1 gray level.In different application scenarios, there are different need to the minizone number of image histogram
Ask.The number and intensity value ranges of minizone embody the fine degree of image histogram.Due to needing to be counted pixel-by-pixel,
Need continually to read the data in holder, carrying out histogram using existing method statistics has consuming time length, system
The shortcomings of power consumption is high.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of statistical method of image histogram and its system, histogram is greatly reduced
The time of statistics and power consumption.
In order to solve the above technical problems, embodiments of the present invention disclose a kind of statistical method of image histogram, side
Method comprises the following steps：
Image pixel data is obtained, the image pixel data has been carried out run-length encoding in advance, and coding code value includes data
Value part and length value part；
The image pixel data of acquisition is decoded, by the value portions encoded in code value and length value part point
From；
The statistics of image histogram is carried out according to the value portions of separation and length value part.
Embodiments of the present invention also disclose a kind of statistical system of image histogram, and system includes：
Acquiring unit, for obtaining image pixel data, the image pixel data has been carried out run-length encoding in advance, coding
Code value includes value portions and length value part；
Decoding unit, for being decoded to the image pixel data of acquisition, the value portions in code value will be encoded
It is partially separated with length value；And
Statistic unit, the statistics of image histogram is carried out for the value portions according to separation and length value part.
Compared with prior art, the main distinction and its effect are embodiment of the present invention：
In the present invention, using the feature that identical contiguous pixels in image pixel data be present, in advance using stroke
Coding is compressed to these identical contiguous pixels, then can complete the Nogata to these identical contiguous pixels in one operation
Figure statistics, reduce the read-write operation step of statistics with histogram, so as to greatly reduce the time of statistics with histogram and power consumption.
Further, run-length encoding is carried out while image pixel data is gathered, system can be made full use of
Idling-resource.
Further, the space distribution of the value portions in coding code value and length value part is variable, so as to adjust
The minizone number of whole image histogram, to meet different accuracy demand.
Further, image pixel data decoding and statistics with histogram are carried out using pipeline organization, can further added
Fast data processing speed.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic flow sheet of the statistical method of image histogram in first embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is value portions and length value in a kind of statistical method of image histogram in second embodiment of the invention
Partial space distribution schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is a kind of structural representation of the statistical system of image histogram in second embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of pipeline organization schematic diagram of the statistical method of image histogram in second embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is a kind of structural representation of the statistical system of image histogram in third embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
In the following description, in order that reader more fully understands the application and proposes many ins and outs.But this
Even if the those of ordinary skill in field is appreciated that without these ins and outs and many variations based on following embodiment
And modification, each claim of the application technical scheme claimed can also be realized.
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with implementation of the accompanying drawing to the present invention
Mode is described in further detail.
First embodiment of the invention is related to a kind of statistical method of image histogram.Fig. 1 is the system of the image histogram
The schematic flow sheet of meter method.As shown in figure 1, the statistical method of the image histogram comprises the following steps：
In a step 101, image pixel data is obtained, the image pixel data has been carried out run-length encoding in advance, is encoded
Code value includes value portions and length value part.
It is appreciated that run-length encoding make use of contiguous pixels in image to occur the feature of identical data, in its coding
It is therein including two parts of original pixel data and haul distance (Run-Length) (i.e. value portions and length value part)
Haul distance represents the number that identical original pixel data continuously occurs.Using run-length encoding, numerical value identical connects in image
Continuing the statistics with histogram of some pixels can complete in one operation, without entering respectively to these identical contiguous pixels values
Row statistics.Furthermore, it is to be understood that the number for the same pixel value that ought continuously occur is more than the maximum that length value part can represent
During integer, segment processing is carried out.
Then into step 102, the image pixel data of acquisition is decoded, the data value portion in code value will be encoded
Divide and be partially separated with length value.
Then into step 103, according to the statistics of the value portions of separation and length value part progress image histogram.
Hereafter this flow is terminated.
It is appreciated that above-mentioned value portions can store the gray value of pixel, color value, or any other pixel characteristic
Value.
Furthermore, it is to be understood that when carrying out statistics with histogram using the image pixel data through run-length encoding, and carrying out
Un-encoded image pixel data is used during such as other image processing operations of white balance.
In the method for present embodiment, using the feature that identical contiguous pixels in image pixel data be present, in advance
First these identical contiguous pixels are compressed using run-length encoding, then can be completed in one operation identical continuous to these
The statistics with histogram of pixel, reduce the read-write operation step of statistics with histogram, so as to greatly reduce statistics with histogram when
Between and power consumption.
Preferably, run-length encoding is carried out while image pixel data is gathered, the sky of system can be made full use of
Not busy resource.Specifically：
It is further comprising the steps of before above-mentioned steps 101：
While image pixel data is gathered, run-length encoding is carried out to image pixel data in real time, with
Obtain above-mentioned image pixel data.
It is appreciated that the picking rate of image pixel data it is limited (such as：Generally per second needs to gather 30 frame figures
Picture), now system is more idle, and using the system idling-resource, run-length encoding is carried out in real time to image pixel data,
The statistical work of successive image histogram can be greatly speeded up.Preferably, image collecting device can be directly to the original of collection
Image pixel data carries out run-length encoding in real time, and exports encoded image pixel data.Certainly, the present invention other
, can also be after all image pixel datas have been gathered, using other free times of system to being adopted in embodiment
Each image pixel data of collection carries out run-length encoding.
Second embodiment of the invention is related to a kind of statistical method of image histogram.Second embodiment is implemented first
Following two improvement have been substantially carried out on the basis of mode.
First value portions for being improved to encode in code value and the space distribution of length value part are variable, so as to
The minizone number of image histogram is adjusted, to meet different accuracy demand.Specifically：
Value portions and length value part can carry out space distribution according to the minizone interval of image histogram.Cell
Between be spaced bigger, then the space that value portions are distributed is smaller, and the space that length value part is distributed is bigger.
It is appreciated that in the other embodiment of the present invention, space that value portions and length value part are distributed
Can also be fixed.Furthermore, it is to be understood that in various embodiments of the present invention, the sky that single encoded code value is distributed
Between can be fixed or variation.
Second is improved to carry out image pixel data decoding and statistics with histogram using pipeline organization, can be further
Accelerate data processing speed.Specifically：
In same time interval, the latter coding code value in the image pixel data of acquisition is decoded, and simultaneously
The statistics of image histogram is carried out according to the value portions of the previous coding code value of separation and length value part.
It will be appreciated, of course, that in the other embodiment of the present invention, can also be to encoded image pixel data
In all coding code values decoded (for example with serial manner) after, then the value portions to separation and length value portion
Divide and carry out statistics with histogram.
In the preference of the present invention, the statistical method of above-mentioned image histogram mainly includes with the next stage：
1. Image Coding and storage：In this stage, the pixel sequence of M × N sized images is read in from outside successively, and is made
Data are encoded with run-length encoding, the image after coding is stored in image buffer storage.After encoded, in artwork
M × N number of pixel data is changed into L data.
Meanwhile in order to which the number of image histogram medium and small interval is adjusted, traditional run-length encoding is changed
Enter.Wherein, the distribution of value portions and length value segment space can change in single run-length encoding.Specifically, as
Value portions store the gray value of pixel (it is appreciated that in the other embodiment of the present invention in the run-length encoding code value of element
In, value portions can also store other characteristic values such as color value)；Length value part, which stores value portions, continuously to be occurred
Number.For the image of n-bit gray levels, if carrying out run-length encoding to it using r-bit space, value portions are
S-bit, length value part are t-bit, then the relation of r, s and t three are r=s+t.
When the gradation intervals of image histogram minizone are m-bit, i.e., histogram medium and small interval number is 2n-m+1When, stroke
Value portions and the space size of length value part are respectively in coding
S=n-m+1
T=r- (n-m+1)
Generally in coding, the s-bit of value portions is made up of the high s-bit of original pixel numerical value in run-length encoding.
In order to adjustable to the minizone number in image histogram, m value is variable, and its scope is 1≤m≤n.In actual applications
When having different demands to histogram minizone number, it need to only change m value.Due to m increase, original pixel numerical value
In low (m-1)-bit difference can be ignored, this can cause identical continuous pixel number purpose in pixel sequence to increase.This volume
As m value increases by 1 in code, the space of original pixel numerical part can reduce 1-bit, and the space of length value part can increase in coding
Add 1-bit, the identical continuous pixel number purpose scope that can be represented also increases one times.
For example, for the original image that gray level n-bit is 8-bit, resolution ratio is 320 × 240, using 16-bit stroke
Coding encodes to image.Space encoder distribution condition corresponding to different histogram minizone numbers is as shown in Figure 2.When straight
When square figure minizone number is 256 (m=1), the 8-bit spaces in coding are used to store original pixel data, and 8-bit space is used
In memory length value, i.e., the number that same pixel value continuously occurs in pixel sequence.When histogram minizone number is 128 (m=
2) when, the 7-bit spaces in coding are used to store original pixel data, and 9-bit space is used for memory length value, i.e. pixel sequence
The number that middle same pixel value continuously occurs.Space encoder distribution method afterwards is by that analogy.
It is appreciated that in other embodiments of the invention, the distribution of value portions and length value segment space also may be used
To be fixed.Furthermore, it is to be understood that in various embodiments of the present invention, distributed for single run-length encoding code value
Space r-bit can be fixed or variation.
2. image decoding：In this stage, the value of pixel after run-length encoding is read from image buffer storage, is decoded it.I.e.
According to requirement of the system to image histogram minizone number, original pixel data value and length value are isolated from coding code value.
3. statistics with histogram：Using isolating pixel data value part and length value part, statistical picture after image decoding
Histogram.The original pixel data value obtained with image encoding phase is addressed to image histogram, by the length in coding
Angle value part is added in the image histogram value of reading.
Due to having carried out run-length encoding to original image, numerical value identical contiguous pixels can be complete in once-through operation in image
The statistical work of their paired histograms, so as to save the time in the statistics stage of histogram.With subtracting for minizone number
Few, this acceleration effect is more obvious because due to run-length encoding to the compression effectiveness of image with the reduction of minizone number and
Improve.At the same time, after run-length encoding, contiguous pixels are compressed in image, and image buffer storage is read so as to reduce
The number write.Due to being the important sources of system power dissipation to the read-write operation of image buffer storage, the reduction to its read-write operation reduces
Can system power dissipation.
And realize that a kind of image histogram statistical system of the above method is main as shown in figure 3, the system includes：
Image RLE (stroke) encoder：The unit is responsible for image original pixel value carrying out run-length encoding.According to system to figure
As the requirement of histogram minizone number, change the space of value portions and length value part in run-length encoding code value and distribute；
Image buffer：Pixel after the unit encodes image encoder is preserved；
Image RLE decoders：The unit reads pixel data from image buffer, by value portions therein and length
Angle value part is separated；
Histogram statistical unit：The value portions that the unit is provided using image decoder are sought to image histogram
Location, and length value part is added in the image histogram being addressed to.
In order to accelerate the processing speed of image decoding and statistics with histogram part, flowing water knot is used between the two parts
Structure.Its sequential relationship is as shown in Figure 4.If not using the method for streamline, the decoding of image and the statistics of histogram need to make
With two time intervals, after having used pipelining technique, when carrying out the decoding of the 2nd code value (i.e. the latter encodes code value),
The statistics of column hisgram can be entered to the decoded result of the 1st code value (i.e. previous coding code value).Other code values by that analogy
Decoding and statistics with histogram order.It is appreciated that in other embodiments of the invention, can also be to all coding code value solutions
After code, then enter the statistics of column hisgram.
It is appreciated that these are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it can add or delete therein according to being actually needed
Step or device, and correspondingly change details therein.
The each method embodiment of the present invention can be realized in a manner of software, hardware, firmware etc..No matter the present invention be with
Software, hardware or firmware mode realize that instruction code may be stored in the addressable memory of any kind of computer
In (it is such as permanent or revisable, it is volatibility or non-volatile, it is solid-state or non-solid, it is fixed or
Replaceable medium of person etc.).Equally, memory may, for example, be programmable logic array (Programmable Array
Logic, referred to as " PAL "), random access memory (Random Access Memory, referred to as " RAM "), programmable read-only deposit
Reservoir (Programmable Read Only Memory, referred to as " PROM "), read-only storage (Read-Only Memory, letter
Claim " ROM "), Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM, referred to as
" EEPROM "), disk, CD, digital versatile disc (Digital Versatile Disc, referred to as " DVD ") etc..
Third embodiment of the invention is related to a kind of statistical system of image histogram.Fig. 5 is the system of the image histogram
The structural representation of meter systems.As shown in figure 5, the statistical system of the image histogram includes：
Acquiring unit, for obtaining image pixel data, the image pixel data has been carried out run-length encoding in advance, coding
Code value includes value portions and length value part；
Decoding unit, for being decoded to the image pixel data of acquisition, the value portions in code value will be encoded
It is partially separated with length value；And
Statistic unit, the statistics of image histogram is carried out for the value portions according to separation and length value part.Can
To understand, above-mentioned value portions can store the gray value of pixel, color value, or any other characteristic value.
Furthermore, it is to be understood that when carrying out statistics with histogram using encoded image pixel data, and carrying out as white
Un-encoded image pixel data is used during other image processing operations such as balance.
In the system of present embodiment, using the feature that identical contiguous pixels in image pixel data be present, in advance
First these identical contiguous pixels are compressed using run-length encoding, then statistic unit can be completed to these in one operation
The statistics with histogram of identical contiguous pixels, reduce the read-write operation step of statistics with histogram, so as to greatly reduce histogram
The time of statistics and power consumption.
Preferably, coding unit carries out run-length encoding while image pixel data is gathered, and can make full use of
The idling-resource of system.Specifically：
Said system also includes coding unit, for while image pixel data is gathered, in real time to original
Image pixel data carries out run-length encoding, to obtain image pixel data.
It is appreciated that the picking rate of image pixel data it is limited (such as：Generally per second needs to gather 30 frame figures
Picture), now system is more idle, and using the system idling-resource, run-length encoding is carried out in real time to image pixel data,
The statistical work of successive image histogram can be greatly speeded up.Preferably, image collecting device is directly to the original image of collection
Pixel data carries out run-length encoding in real time, and exports encoded image pixel data.Certainly, in other implementations of the present invention
, can also be each to what is gathered using other free times of system after each image pixel data has been gathered in mode
Image pixel data carries out run-length encoding.
First embodiment is the method embodiment corresponding with present embodiment, and present embodiment can be implemented with first
Mode is worked in coordination implementation.The relevant technical details mentioned in first embodiment are still effective in the present embodiment, in order to
Reduce and repeat, repeat no more here.Correspondingly, the relevant technical details mentioned in present embodiment are also applicable in the first implementation
In mode.
Four embodiment of the invention is related to a kind of statistical system of image histogram.4th embodiment is implemented the 3rd
Following two improvement have been substantially carried out on the basis of mode.
First value portions for being improved to encode in code value and the space distribution of length value part are variable, so as to
The minizone number of image histogram is adjusted, to meet different accuracy demand.Specifically:
Value portions and length value part can carry out space distribution according to the minizone interval of image histogram.Cell
Between be spaced bigger, then the space that value portions are distributed is smaller, and the space that length value part is distributed is bigger.
It is appreciated that in the other embodiment of the present invention, space that value portions and length value part are distributed
Can also be fixed.Furthermore, it is to be understood that in various embodiments of the present invention, the sky that single encoded code value is distributed
Between can be fixed or variation.
Second is improved to carry out image pixel data decoding and statistics with histogram using pipeline organization, can be further
Accelerate data processing speed.Specifically：
In same time interval, decoding unit solves to the latter coding code value in the image pixel data of acquisition
Code, and statistic unit carries out image histogram according to the value portions and length value part of the previous coding code value of separation simultaneously
Statistics.
It will be appreciated, of course, that in the other embodiment of the present invention, can also be to encoded image pixel data
In all coding code values decoded (for example with serial manner) after, then the value portions to separation and length value portion
Divide and carry out statistics with histogram.
Second embodiment is the method embodiment corresponding with present embodiment, and present embodiment can be implemented with second
Mode is worked in coordination implementation.The relevant technical details mentioned in second embodiment are still effective in the present embodiment, in order to
Reduce and repeat, repeat no more here.Correspondingly, the relevant technical details mentioned in present embodiment are also applicable in the second implementation
In mode.
It should be noted that each unit mentioned in each equipment embodiment of the present invention is all logic unit, physically,
One logic unit can be a part for a physical location or a physical location, can also be with multiple physics
The combination of unit realizes that the Physical realization of these logic units in itself is not most important, and these logic units institute is real
The combination of existing function is only the key for solving technical problem proposed by the invention.In addition, in order to protrude the innovation of the present invention
Part, the above-mentioned each equipment embodiment of the present invention do not have the technical problem relation proposed by the invention with solution is less close
Unit introduce, this is not intended that the said equipment embodiment and other units is not present.
To sum up, present invention utilizes the feature that identical contiguous pixels in image pixel sequence be present, run-length encoding pair is used
These identical contiguous pixels are compressed, and so as to reduce the number operated in statistics with histogram, accelerate image histogram
Statistic processes；Run-length encoding is improved, makes the distribution of value portions and length value segment space in single run-length encoding
It is variable, so that the minizone number of image histogram is adjustable；Reduced using run-length encoding to image buffer in system
Read-write operation, reduce system power dissipation.
It should be noted that in the claim and specification of this patent, such as first and second or the like relation
Term is used merely to make a distinction an entity or operation with another entity or operation, and not necessarily requires or imply
Any this actual relation or order be present between these entities or operation.Moreover, term " comprising ", "comprising" or its
Any other variant is intended to including for nonexcludability so that process, method, article including a series of elements or
Equipment not only includes those key elements, but also the other element including being not expressly set out, or also include for this process,
Method, article or the intrinsic key element of equipment.In the absence of more restrictions, wanted by what sentence " including one " limited
Element, it is not excluded that other identical element in the process including the key element, method, article or equipment also be present.
Although by referring to some of the preferred embodiment of the invention, the present invention is shown and described,
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that can to it, various changes can be made in the form and details, without departing from this hair
Bright spirit and scope.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of statistical method of image histogram, it is characterised in that the described method comprises the following steps：
Image pixel data is obtained, the image pixel data has been carried out run-length encoding in advance, and coding code value includes data value portion
Divide and length value part；
The image pixel data of acquisition is decoded, by the value portions in the coding code value and length value part point
From；
The statistics of image histogram is carried out according to the value portions of separation and length value part；
Wherein, the value portions and the length value part carry out space according to the minizone interval of described image histogram
Distribution；
The minizone interval is bigger, then the space that the value portions are distributed is smaller, and the length value part is distributed
Space it is bigger.
2. the statistical method of image histogram according to claim 1, it is characterised in that obtaining image pixel data
It is further comprising the steps of before step：
While image pixel data is gathered, run-length encoding is carried out to the image pixel data in real time, with
Obtain described image pixel data.
3. the statistical method of image histogram according to claim 1, it is characterised in that right in same time interval
Latter coding code value in the described image pixel data of acquisition is decoded, and simultaneously according to the previous coding code value of separation
Value portions and length value part carry out the statistics of image histogram.
4. the statistical method of image histogram according to any one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterised in that the data
Value part stores the gray value or color value of pixel.
5. a kind of statistical system of image histogram, it is characterised in that the system includes：
Acquiring unit, for obtaining image pixel data, the image pixel data has been carried out run-length encoding in advance, encodes code value
Include value portions and length value part；
Decoding unit, for being decoded to the image pixel data of acquisition, by the value portions in the coding code value
It is partially separated with length value；And
Statistic unit, the statistics of image histogram is carried out for the value portions according to separation and length value part；
Wherein, the value portions and the length value part carry out space according to the minizone interval of described image histogram
Distribution；
The minizone interval is bigger, then the space that the value portions are distributed is smaller, and the length value part is distributed
Space it is bigger.
6. the statistical system of image histogram according to claim 5, it is characterised in that it is single that the system also includes coding
Member, for while image pixel data is gathered, carrying out run-length encoding to the image pixel data in real time,
To obtain described image pixel data.
7. the statistical system of image histogram according to claim 5, it is characterised in that in same time interval, institute
Decoding unit is stated to decode the latter coding code value in the described image pixel data of acquisition, while the statistic unit root
The statistics of image histogram is carried out according to the value portions and length value part of the previous coding code value of separation.
8. the statistical system of the image histogram according to any one of claim 5 to 7, it is characterised in that the data
Value part stores the gray value or color value of pixel.
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