CN104809362B - It is a kind of to include heterogeneous deformation speckle pattern preparation method based on numerical computations - Google Patents
It is a kind of to include heterogeneous deformation speckle pattern preparation method based on numerical computations Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of speckle pattern preparation method comprising heterogeneous deformation based on numerical computation technology, including：Using non-classical numerical computation technology, the strain of each unit and the displacement of each node are obtained；Establish unit in numerical model or surround the certain area of node and associated with sub-district in Digital Image Correlation Method；The position of each pixel in sub-district before deformation and gray value are mapped in the sub-district after deformation.Essence of the invention is that：Result using the result of non-classical numerical computation technology as Digital Image Correlation Method, realize and undeformed speckle pattern is mapped on the grid after deformation.The present invention realizes Overall Steps using computer programming, can make to high-accuracy high-efficiency rate comprising non-homogeneous or even Deformation Localization speckle pattern, moreover, the limitation of type not loaded.The speckle pattern that the present invention makes is mainly used in field of scientific study, for example, for examining computational accuracy of Digital Image Correlation Method etc. under the conditions of non-homogeneous or even Deformation Localization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the strain measurement technique in engineering detecting, particularly one kind to include non-homogeneous or even Deformation Localization
Speckle pattern high accuracy, high efficiency computer programming preparation method.
Background technology
Digital Image Correlation Method is that the two images (speckle pattern) of the body surface to being gathered before and after deformation carry out correlation
Processing, to realize the measurement of object strain field and displacement field.This method light path is simple, and measuring environment requirement is simple, can be in the wild
Using.Speckle can be laser-formed or artificial speckle or some natural textures.Greatly into cosmic space
Galaxy moves, as low as in the measurement of nano material deformation, the shadow of all visible this method application.
Speckle pattern is a kind of medium or carrier, and the deformation or motion of object are comprised on a series of speckle patterns of shooting.
Digital Image Correlation Method obtains the deformation of object and the characteristics of motion by related operation.The calculating of Digital Image Correlation Method
Accuracy test be unable to do without the speckle pattern for including deformation or motion.In the lot of documents delivered, Digital Image Correlation Method
Computational accuracy is examined and operated generally according to following manner：First, to a certain amount of deflection of speckle pattern pre-add or amount of exercise；
Then, then with Digital Image Correlation Method calculated, differed by the deflection or amount of exercise that compare result of calculation and pre-add
Degree, evaluate the precision of Digital Image Correlation Method.In addition, during related operation, some parameters, example are generally required
Such as, the size of sub-district, spacing etc., influence research of these parameters to result of calculation are also required to the speckle for including deformation or motion
Figure.It should be pointed out that including translation and rotation to the basic exercise of speckle pattern pre-add, the basic deformation of speckle pattern pre-add is included drawing
Stretch, compress or shear.These accentuation are typically uniform, and this is suitable to the digitized map under the conditions of homogeneous deformation or rigid motion
Computational accuracy inspection or parameter sensitivity Journal of Sex Research as correlation technique.But under loaded conditions, the deformation of object is not always
Uniformly.By taking rock-soil material uniaxial compression as an example, with the increase of longitudinal strain, its deformation field is from being uniformly distributed to non-homogeneous point
Cloth changes, until there is deformation localization phenomenon, macroscopic cracking hereafter just occurs.Shear deformation localization region is referred to as shearing
Band.The distribution of shear band internal strain is very uneven.Nearest research is found, outside the shear band of sand material, strain
Distribution and the uneven (numeral of Wang Xuebin, Du Yazhi, the mountain uniaxial compressions damp sand sample part of Pan one and overall volume strain
Image correlation method observes Geotechnical Engineering journals, 2014,36 (9):1648-1656；Wang Xuebin, Du Yazhi, Pan Yishan, wait bases
In Digital Image Correlation Method etc. different water cut sand sample shear band observation rock-soil mechanics, 2015,36 (3) under strain rate:
625-632).In order to accurately measure the strain field under the conditions of non-homogeneous or even Deformation Localization using Digital Image Correlation Method
And displacement field, the computational accuracy of Digital Image Correlation Method on this condition is just have to be understood that, and the acquisition of this precision is not from
Open and include non-homogeneous or even Deformation Localization speckle pattern.At present, the system of non-homogeneous or even Deformation Localization speckle pattern is included
Make the also rare report of method.Some simple functions of some existing preparation method Main Basiss are made under the conditions of heterogeneous deformation
Speckle pattern, without generality and wide applicability.Some documents are included using the theoretical answer making of shear band deformation field
(Wang Xuebin, Du Yazhi, the mountain of Pan one consider that single order is related to the digital picture of Second Order Displacements gradient to the speckle pattern of Deformation Localization
Comparison engineering mechanics of the method in shear band measurement, 2013,30 (7):282-287), simple shear condition, nothing are only applicable to
Legal system makees the speckle pattern for including heterogeneous deformation outside shear band.In fact, the theoretical answer of existing shear band deformation field is very
It is limited, due to the complex nature of the problem, under the relatively simple load-up condition such as compression shear, direct shearing, Biaxial Compression, shearing
The acquisition of theoretical answer with interior deformation field is also extremely difficult.
The invention provides a kind of high accuracy comprising non-homogeneous or even Deformation Localization speckle pattern, high efficiency computer
Program preparation method.Essence of the invention is that：Using the result of non-classical numerical computation technology as Digital Image Correlation Method
Result, realize by undeformed speckle pattern be mapped to deformation after grid on.This method is due to introducing non-classical numerical value meter
Calculation technology, it is no longer necessary to any theoretical answer about shear band deformation field, various simple load can be made using this method
And include non-homogeneous or even Deformation Localization speckle pattern under the conditions of combined load.
The content of the invention
Under the conditions of non-homogeneous or even Deformation Localization, it is used for the inspection of Digital Image Correlation Method computational accuracy to make
With the speckle pattern of calculating parameter sensitivity study, heterogeneous deformation is included based on numerical computation technology the invention provides a kind of
Speckle pattern preparation method, the result of non-classical numerical computation technology pass through foundation by the result as Digital Image Correlation Method
Unit or surround the certain area of node in numerical model and associated with sub-district in Digital Image Correlation Method, obtain comprising it is non-
Even or even Deformation Localization speckle pattern.The present invention realizes Overall Steps using computer programming, substantially increases comprising non-equal
The precision and efficiency that even or even Deformation Localization speckle pattern makes, moreover, the limitation of type not loaded, is carried suitable for simple
Lotus type (for example, stretching, compression and shearing etc.), it is also applied for combined load type (for example, draw cut with compression shear etc.).
To solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of non-homogeneous speckle pattern making side based on numerical computation technology
Method, it is characterised in that including：
Using non-classical numerical computation technology, the strain of each unit and the displacement of each node are obtained；
Establish unit in numerical model or surround the certain area of node and associated with sub-district in Digital Image Correlation Method；
The position of each pixel in sub-district before deformation and gray value are mapped in the sub-district after deformation.
It is described to be further using the strain of non-classical numerical computation technology acquisition each unit and the displacement of each node：
The second order of Internal length and strain gradient is introduced in the yield function of the elastic and plastic strain softening constitutive model
, two-dimension numerical calculation model is created, obtains the strain of each unit and the displacement of each node.
Further, wherein,
The two-dimension numerical calculation model is made up of some square shaped cells, is connected between unit by node, unit chi
It is very little to be equal to sub-district size.
Further, wherein,
The yield function f has following form：
Wherein, F (σ) is yield stress index,To soften rule,For non local softening parameter, can be written as follows
Form：
Wherein, k is local softening parameter, and c is the material parameter proportional to material internal length parameter,It is general to draw
Laplacian operater, under two-dimensional condition, its expression formula is：
Further, wherein,
The parameter relevant with length is introduced in the yield function, is graded numerical computations using finite element or finite difference
When technology is solved, the width for the band that localizes will be now uniquely determined, and (i.e. grid is quick for the different phenomenon of grid difference result of calculation
Perception) it will disappear, the uniqueness of numerical result and objective performance are protected.
Sub-district in the certain area established unit in numerical model or surround node and Digital Image Correlation Method
Associate and be further：
The displacement of sub-district central point is obtained, is either directly obtained by numerical computation technology or is saved by 4 of 1 unit
The displacement result of point takes average acquisition；The strain of sub-district is obtained, is either directly obtained or by some lists by numerical computation technology
The strain result of member takes average acquisition, or the displacement field directly obtained by numerical technique to be obtained by centered Finite Difference Methods.
Further, wherein,
The displacement result of 4 nodes by 1 unit takes the specific formula of the displacement of average acquisition sub-district central point
For：
Wherein, the displacement that u, v are respectively sub-district central point on both horizontally and vertically.
Further, wherein,
It is described take average acquisition sub-district by the strain result of some units the specific formula of strain be：
Wherein, εx、εy、γxyRespectively horizontal line strain, vertical line strain and the shear strain of sub-district, n are sub-district center
Number of unit around point.When the central point of sub-district is located at the inside of computation model, n=4；When the central point of sub-district is positioned at meter
When calculating on the border of model, n=1 or 2.The central point that n=1 represents sub-district takes 4 jiaos in computation model, in this special case,
Unit around sub-district central point only has 1, and the strain of sub-district is the strain of this unit.
Further, wherein,
It is described to be by the specific formula of centered Finite Difference Methods acquisition strain field by displacement field：
Wherein, Δ is the distance between node, and (i, j) represents the i-th row, jth row.
It is described by the position of each pixel in sub-district before deformation and gray value be mapped to deformation after sub-district on be further：
The position of each pixel and gray value in sub-district are obtained before deformation, obtains the position of each pixel in sub-district after deformation, will
The gray value of each pixel is transformed in the sub-district after deformation in sub-district before deformation.
Further, wherein,
The concrete methods of realizing that the gray value by each pixel in sub-district before deformation is transformed in the sub-district after deformation can
To be classified as two classes：Direct mapping and back mapping.
Further, wherein,
The Direct mapping is by being circulated successively to each pixel in sub-district before deformation, obtaining its sub-district after deformation
Interior position, specific formula are：
Wherein, Q (x, y) is the coordinate of any pixel central point in sub-district before deformation, Q'(x', y') for the point after deformation
Coordinate in sub-district, u, v are respectively sub-district center point P (x0, y0) on both horizontally and vertically displacement (need to obtain the metric system with
Conversion relation between pixel, and then the metric system displacement is converted into pixel displacement), u=x'0–x0, v=y'0–y0, Δ x, Δ y
Any pixel central point Q (x, y) to sub-district center point P (x in sub-district before respectively deforming0, y0) horizontal and vertical distance (figure
1-a and Fig. 1-b).Various partial derivatives describe the deformation of sub-district,If calculate
Position be located exactly on the central point of a certain pixel, obtain the gray value of the pixel, in most cases, calculate
The position gone out will fall in sub-pixel location, and now, row interpolation is entered in reply gray scale field, by the gray scale of each pixel in sub-district before deformation
Value is transformed in the sub-district after deformation.
Further, wherein,
The back mapping is by being circulated successively to each pixel in sub-district after deformation, obtaining its sub-district before being deformed
Interior position.The formula of back mapping is：
Wherein, Q'(x', y') for after deformation in sub-district any pixel central point coordinate, Q (x, y) be the point before being deformed
Coordinate in sub-district.
Further, wherein the back mapping is before proceeding, it is necessary to calculate the coordinate of 4 angle points of sub-district after deformation.
It is of the present invention a kind of non-homogeneous speckle pattern preparation method, non-classical numerical value to be included based on numerical computation technology
The result of computing technique is by the result as Digital Image Correlation Method, by establishing unit in numerical model or surrounding node
Certain area associates with sub-district in Digital Image Correlation Method, and acquisition includes non-homogeneous or even Deformation Localization speckle pattern.
The present invention realizes Overall Steps using computer programming, substantially increases comprising non-homogeneous or even Deformation Localization speckle pattern system
The precision and efficiency of work, moreover, the limitation of type not loaded, suitable for simple load type (for example, stretching, compressing and cutting
Cut), it is also applied for combined load type (for example, draw cut with compression shear etc.).
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1-a are the schematic diagram of sub-district before the deformation in Digital Image Correlation Method, and Fig. 1-b are the signal of sub-district after deformation
Figure；
In figure, 1 is the image before being deformed in Digital Image Correlation Method, and 2 be a sub-district in image, P before deforming
(x0, y0) for the central point of sub-district before deformation, Q (x, y) is the central point of any pixel in sub-district before deformation, and 3 be digital picture phase
Image after being deformed in the method for pass, 4 be a sub-district in image, P'(x' after deforming0, y'0) for deformation after sub-district center
Point, Q'(x', y') for any point in sub-district after deformation, Δ x, Δ y be respectively any pixel central point Q in sub-district before deforming (x,
Y) to sub-district center point P (x0, y0) horizontal and vertical distance, u, v are respectively sub-district center point P (x0, y0) in horizontal and vertical
Displacement on direction；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram calculation of the embodiment of the present invention one；
In figure, 5 be mathematical calculation model, and 6 be a unit in mathematical calculation model, its size and sub-district size phase
Together, 7 be unit in numerical model node, the arrow at node represents the displacement of node, and 8 be the center of unit in numerical model
Point；
Fig. 3-a are grid chart before the deformation of numerical model, and Fig. 3-b and Fig. 3-c are different speckle patterns；
Grid chart after the deformation of numerical model when Fig. 4-a are longitudinal strain=0.025, Fig. 4-b be longitudinal strain=
Grid chart after the deformation of numerical model when 0.0375, grid chart after the deformation of numerical model when Fig. 4-c are longitudinal strain=0.05,
Grid chart after the deformation of numerical model when Fig. 4-d are longitudinal strain=0.0625；
Fig. 5-a, Fig. 5-b, Fig. 5-c, Fig. 5-d are respectively to transform to Fig. 3-b in Fig. 4-a, Fig. 4-b, Fig. 4-c, Fig. 4-d
Result figure on grid；
Fig. 6-a, Fig. 6-b, Fig. 6-c, Fig. 6-d are respectively to transform to Fig. 3-c in Fig. 4-a, Fig. 4-b, Fig. 4-c, Fig. 4-d
Result figure on grid；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram calculation of the embodiment of the present invention two；
In figure, 9 be the certain area that node is surrounded in mathematical calculation model, and its size is identical with sub-district size.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Illustrated using two kinds of specific embodiments, the difference of two schemes is Digital Image Correlation Method
Sub-district 2 is different from the corresponding region in numerical model 5 before deformation in (its general principle is shown in Fig. 1-a and Fig. 1-b), embodiment one
A unit 6 before deformation in middle Digital Image Correlation Method in the corresponding numerical model of sub-district 2, the center of sub-district 2 before deformation
The central point 8 of unit 6 in the corresponding numerical models of point P (x, y), sub-district before the deformation in embodiment two in Digital Image Correlation Method
The certain area 9 of encirclement node in 2 corresponding numerical models, before deformation in the corresponding numerical model of the center point P (x, y) of sub-district 2
One node 7 of unit 6.
As shown in Fig. 2 be the schematic diagram calculation of the embodiment of the present invention one, including step：
Step 1：Using non-classical numerical computation technology, the strain of each unit and the displacement of each node are obtained.
The step for implement it is specific as follows：First, in the yield function (formula (1-3)) of the elastic and plastic strain softening constitutive model
The middle second order term for introducing Internal length and strain gradient, to avoid the mesh dependence of numerical result, it is ensured that numerical value
The objectivity and uniqueness of result of calculation；Then, two-dimension numerical calculation model 5 (Fig. 3-a) is created, the square shaped cells length of side is
5mm, the parameter in boundary condition, loading environment and the constitutive model of computation model is given, obtain the strain of each unit 6 and each section
The displacement (Fig. 4-a, Fig. 4-b, Fig. 4-c and Fig. 4-d) of point 7.
Step 2：Establish the association of sub-district in unit and Digital Image Correlation Method in numerical model.
The step for specific implementation it is as follows：First, according to the displacement of each node 7 in numerical model 5, obtained according to formula (4)
The displacement of the central point 8 of each unit 6, the strain of each unit are obtained by the first step；Then, select consistent with computation model size
A second best in quality speckle pattern, as the speckle pattern 1 before deformation, speckle pattern can be according to relevant algorithm manual manufacture, also can be right
Rock or other materials surface with native texture are taken pictures, by intercept a part be used as speckle pattern (Fig. 3-b and Fig. 3-
C), the size of sub-district 2 is equal to the size of unit 6, is 11 × 11 pixels；Finally, the central point 8 of unit is appointed as deforming preceding son
The center point P (x, y) in area 2, the size of unit 6 are appointed as the size of sub-district 2 before deforming, and the displacement of unit center point 8 is appointed as
The displacement of the center point P (x, y) of sub-district 2 before deformation, the strain of unit 6 are appointed as the strain of sub-district 2 before deforming.
Step 3：The gray value of each pixel in sub-district before deformation is mapped in the sub-district after deformation.
The step for embodiment it is as follows：First, calculated according to the displacement of each node 7 of unit in numerical model 5
The position of 4 angle points of sub-district after deformation；Then, the gray value of each pixel Q (x, y) in the sub-district 2 in image before deformation 1 is converted
In sub-district 4 after to deformation in image 3.
The specific implementation method of said process has two kinds：Direct mapping and back mapping.Direct mapping is to scan in order
Each pixel Q (x, y) before deformation in sub-district 2, its position in sub-district 4 after deformation is then calculated according to formula (7), passed through
Interpolation transforms to the gray value of each pixel Q (x, y) in the sub-district 2 in image before deformation 1 in the sub-district 4 after deformation in image 3.
Now, the number of the pixel in unit length, i.e. conversion relation between the metric system and pixel need to be obtained.If the position calculated
It is located exactly on the central point of a certain pixel, obtains the gray value of the pixel, in most cases, the position calculated
Putting to fall in sub-pixel location, and now, row interpolation is entered in reply gray scale field.Back mapping is sub-district 4 after scanning distortion in order
Interior each pixel Q'(x', y'), its position in sub-district 2 before being deformed is calculated according to formula (8), schemed before being deformed by interpolation
Transformed to as the gray value of each pixel Q (x, y) in the sub-district 2 in 1 in the sub-district 4 after deformation in image 3, as a result such as Fig. 5-a, figure
5-b, Fig. 5-c, Fig. 5-d, Fig. 6-a, Fig. 6-b, Fig. 6-c, shown in Fig. 6-d.
As shown in fig. 7, be the schematic diagram calculation of the embodiment of the present invention two, including step：
Step 1：It is identical with the step 1 of embodiment one.
Step 2：The association of sub-district in the certain area for surrounding node and Digital Image Correlation Method is established in numerical model.
The step for specific implementation it is as follows：First, according to the strain for the element number and each unit for surrounding any node, root
The strain in the region 9 for surrounding any node is obtained according to formula (5), the displacement of each node is obtained by the first step；Secondly, selection and meter
The consistent the second best in quality speckle pattern of moulded dimension is calculated, as the speckle pattern 1 before deformation；Finally, the position of node 7 is referred to
It is set to the center point P (x, y) of sub-district 2 before deforming, the size for surrounding the region 9 of node is appointed as the size of sub-district 2, node 7
Displacement is appointed as the displacement of the center point P (x, y) of sub-district 2, and the strain for surrounding the region 9 of any node is appointed as the strain of sub-district 2.
Another method for obtaining the strain in the region for surrounding any node is to carry out the equation of the ecentre to the displacement field of node according to formula (6)
Point, so, it is not necessary to which the strain of some units to surrounding any node is averaged.
Step 3：It is identical with the step 3 of embodiment one.
It should be pointed out that because the unit number for surrounding node on border may be 1 or 2, so, node on model boundary is surrounded
Region size may be surround model internal node region size half or a quarter, this can make mapping process
Become somewhat complicated.In order to avoid drawbacks described above, in mapping process, it may be considered that only to the node inside those encirclement models
Region operated, the node on model boundary is not operated.So, the speckle pattern after the deformation after mapping will be than becoming
The small circle of speckle pattern before shape.This processing mode also has another advantage：Centered Finite Difference Methods are easily implemented, otherwise, it is necessary to
To carrying out centered difference again after the positional displacement interpolation of the node on model boundary.
By contrast, embodiment one is most preferred embodiment, can guarantee that numerical model is intactly mapped to speckle pattern, and
It is and easy to implement.
It is of the present invention it is a kind of non-homogeneous speckle pattern preparation method is included based on numerical computation technology, with non-classical number
It is worth result of the result of computing technique as Digital Image Correlation Method, by establishing unit in numerical model or surrounding node
Certain area associates with sub-district in Digital Image Correlation Method, and acquisition includes non-homogeneous or even Deformation Localization speckle pattern,
The main application of the speckle pattern is field of scientific study：Under the conditions of non-homogeneous or even Deformation Localization, digital picture is related
The computational accuracy of method is examined and calculating parameter sensitivity study, in addition, it may also be used for the purpose of decoration or image display.This hair
It is bright to realize Overall Steps using computer programming, substantially increase what is made comprising non-homogeneous or even Deformation Localization speckle pattern
Precision and efficiency, moreover, the limitation of type not loaded, is widely used.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. speckle pattern preparation method comprising heterogeneous deformation based on numerical computation technology, it is characterised in that including：Using numerical computation technology, by introducing Internal length in the yield function of the elastic and plastic strain softening constitutive model With the second order term of strain gradient, the two-dimension numerical calculation model being made up of some square shaped cells is created, passes through section between unit Point is connected, and unit size is equal to sub-district size, obtains the strain of each unit and the displacement of each node；Establish unit in two-dimension numerical calculation model or surround the certain area of node and sub-district in Digital Image Correlation Method Association；The position of each pixel in sub-district before deformation and gray value are mapped in the sub-district after deformation.
- A kind of 2. speckle pattern making side comprising heterogeneous deformation based on numerical computation technology according to claim 1 Method, it is characterised in that described to establish the certain area and digital picture phase of unit or encirclement node in two-dimension numerical calculation model The association of sub-district, is further divided into the method for pass：The displacement of sub-district central point is obtained, is either directly obtained by numerical computation technology or 4 nodes by 1 unit Displacement result takes average acquisition；The strain of sub-district is obtained, is either directly obtained or by some units by numerical computation technology Strain result takes average acquisition, or the displacement field directly obtained by numerical computation technology to be obtained by centered Finite Difference Methods.
- A kind of 3. speckle pattern making side comprising heterogeneous deformation based on numerical computation technology according to claim 1 Method, it is characterised in that it is described that the position of each pixel in sub-district before deformation and gray value are mapped in the sub-district after deformation, enter one Step is divided into：The position of each pixel and gray value in sub-district are obtained before deformation, the position of each pixel in sub-district after deformation is obtained, will deform The gray value of each pixel is transformed in the sub-district after deformation in preceding sub-district.
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| CN110188759A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-08-30 | 江苏开放大学（江苏城市职业学院） | One kind strain field sub-district dynamic selection method in loading by means of digital image correlation method |
| CN110926356B (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-11-02 | 武汉科技大学 | Speckle preparation method for high-temperature deformation test of shaped refractory material |
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| CN111369549B (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2022-11-08 | 北京大学 | Digital image deformation characterization method and device, electronic equipment and medium |
| CN112819962B (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2024-04-16 | 南京航空航天大学 | Non-uniform grid division and local grid density method in digital image correlation |
| CN114689644B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-03-31 | 清华大学 | High-temperature environment parameter measuring method and device |
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