CN104809267B - Accurate hit detection and effect generation method in a kind of Virtual Battlefield - Google Patents
Accurate hit detection and effect generation method in a kind of Virtual Battlefield Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides accurate hit detection and effect generation method in a kind of Virtual Battlefield, it is in the model geometric modelling phase in units of the functional component of model, addition collision enclosure body, and the equivalent solid for building internal critical component is acted on behalf of as collision, the separation of geometry appearance model and physical impacts model is realized, solves the problems, such as that the collision detection that stratification detail model (LOD) technology is brought is inconsistent；The component-level description to model physical impacts attribute is realized under conditions of model polygon quantity is not increased simultaneously, condition is provided for efficient accurate hit detection；The present invention adds the specially treated to hit detection in the collision detection stage, on the basis of the penetration length of weapons and ammunitions, on its penetration path, using structure detection group and the method for equivalent penetrating length integration, the collision result of component is calculated successively, the hit detection of component-level is realized, solves the problems, such as that conventional butt detection granularity is excessively thick.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to visualize accurate hit detection and damage effect in operation emulation field more particularly to Virtual Battlefield
Generation method.
Background technology
In Virtual Battlefield, the performance simulation of weapon system is needed to various weapons and ammunitions such as guided missile, shell, bullet and fried
Collision between the bullet threedimensional model different from scene carries out accurate hit detection, to determine the effect and target of weapon strike
Damage fire.In area of computer graphics, hit detection is one kind of collision detection, since generation, has just visually been turned into
It is widely used in war emulation.
Collision Detection have passed through the development of decades, the technology of many maturations be generated, for rigid motion model
Between collision detection, mainly have space decomposition method (space decomposition) and bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) (hierarchical
bounding volumes).The main thought of spatial decomposition method is to be finely divided the common space of two models, is usually divided
Into varigrained cell, test for intersection is carried out to geometrical model in cell, this kind of method is suitble to model less or divides
Collision in the more uniform space of cloth, typical space division have Octree, K-G trees, BSP tree etc..Bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) it is main
Thought is with different levels, solid that is simple and can surrounding model, such as AABB (axis-aligned bounding
Boxes), ball and OBB (oriented bounding box) are surrounded, complicated geometrical model to be replaced to carry out collision detection.
Above Collision Detection belongs to classical Collision Detection in area of computer graphics, can preferably realize
The completeness and timeliness of hit detection in three-dimensional virtual scene, but calculated due to not accounting for complicated collision effect, it touches
It hits detection and only provides and such as collide point coordinates, the limited informations such as impingement area and collision object can not meet the essence of hit detection
True property requirement.Such as in Virtual Battlefield, after shell is with hit tank, current hit detection method can only obtain point of impact seat
Mark and the solid of hit, since the tank threedimensional model in three-dimensional virtual scene is the simple of embodiment tank shape
Shelly-shaped solid, it is impossible to can provide detailed internal structure information, no body of laws as CAD (CAD) model
The difference of damage effect when revealing different ammunition hit tank model different parts is injured particularly with the inside of car body
Effect.
The content of the invention
Dissolve to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of one from model modeling, hit detection to calculation of effect
Certainly scheme, can obtain in real time hit detection as a result, and provide damage effect, including function and performance loss and companion
With sound, explosion, flame and smog and other effects.
Accurate hit detection and effect generation method, comprise the following steps in the Virtual Battlefield of the present invention：
Step 1, the polygon modeling method of standard is used to add collision for geometrical model in modeling tool software to surround
The equivalent solid of body and internal critical component；
Step 11, collision enclosure body is created in units of the functional component of geometrical model, called function component refers to model
There is certain in represented actual object, and the damage of the component can cause forfeiture or the respective performances of object function
Decline；
The collision enclosure body is the convex polyhedron of closing, and remains positive movement relation with geometrical model；
Step 12, equivalent solid, the position of the equivalent solid are created using the combination of element figure or element figure
It puts, shapes and sizes are consistent with internal critical component；
So-called equivalent solid is the basic configuration of inside critical component and the solid of position for referring to reflection description,
And keep positive movement relation with geometrical model；
Step 2, name collision enclosure body is collision, and equivalent solid is hit, and the collision that step 1 defines is surrounded
Body and equivalent solid addition physical attribute；
Enclosure body is collided for collision detection, collision detection includes touching with landform, the collision of barrier, the ammunition that casts
It hits；
Equivalent solid is used for hit detection, and hit detection refers to the collision of the ammunition with casting；
Step 3, it is respectively each collision enclosure body and equivalent solid addition material type, function type and performance power
Weight, wherein resisting perforative protective by material type to embody；Function type is used for describing component for entire model
Function；Performance weights are used for describing influence of the breaking-up of component for certain a kind of function；
Step 4, above-mentioned geometrical model, collision enclosure body and equivalent solid are mesh object in computer graphical,
The hierarchical structure of geometrical model-collision enclosure body-equivalent solid is established according to positive movement relation, to geometrical model, is touched
It hits enclosure body and equivalent solid is uniquely named, model according to hierarchical structure is preserved, retains all mesh objects
Physical attribute and mesh object between hierarchical relationship；
Step 5, collision detection is handled：It is to all materials in scene using classical bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) collision checking method
The collision enclosure body of collision carries out collision detection, and the collision enclosure body to be collided is to set Φ={ C1, C2...
Cn, the Elements C of the setiIncluding a pair of collision enclosure body AiAnd BiAnd collision enclosure body AiAnd BiBetween collide hit
Hit point PiAnd crash direction
The title for the geometrical model that the enclosure body defined according to step 1 is bound judges touching with the presence or absence of projectile ammunition in Φ
Enclosure body is hit, if it does, explanation has hit event, enters step the processing of 6 hit detections.If it does not, explanation does not have
There is hit event, perform general collision response processing；
Step 6, hit detection is handled：
Step 61, according to collision enclosure body to (Ai, Bi) obtain corresponding geometrical model OiAnd TiIf projectile ammunition is Oi,
Object is hit as Ti, in T in the model hierarchical structure that step 4 is establishediBelow level and material entitled collision and hit
Mesh object add in OiCollision detection group Gi(gi1,gi2…gim)；
Step 62, to collide point coordinates PiFor origin, withFor the ray P in directioniVi, to collision detection group Gi(gi1,
gi2…gim) make ray detection, obtain OiPenetration path on first mesh object gij；
Step 63, using ray PiViTo gijMake first time ray detection, obtain first collision point coordinates Pi1(xi1,
yi1, zi1), in PiPi1Extended line take up an official post and take a point Pi', and the Pi' and Pi1Distance be more than gijMaximum gauge, with Pi' be
Origin,It is direction to gijMake second of ray detection, obtain second collision point coordinates Pi2(xi2, yi2, zi2), then gij's
Equivalent thickness dijFor：
Wherein αjFor gijMaterial compared with the benchmark material of setting protection force coefficient；
Step 64, to dijIt adds up, if Σ dij≤Di, then it is assumed that gijBy through by gijThe functional component mark of representative
It is denoted as hit, hit type mark is through and by gijFrom GiMiddle removal, continues to execute step 62；If Σ dij＞ Di, then recognize
For gijNot by through by gijThe functional component of representative is collision labeled as hit, hit type mark, and ammunition Penetration stops
Only, hit detection processing is terminated；Wherein, DiFor ammunition OiTo the penetration distance of benchmark material；
Step 7, effect generation is hit：
Step 71, the hit effect spanning tree of object is defined, a kind of model corresponds to a physical effect spanning tree, the section of tree
Point includes two parts of local effect and group effect, and wherein local effect is the effect that specific component is injured, and is ruined for embodying
The audio visual effect of wound；Group effect injures summation effect for a kind of functional component, is injured for embodying to object function and property
Can fail effect；
Step 72, the local effect node defined according to step 51, for each by step 64 labeled as the portion of hit
Part searches for corresponding child node, generates local effect；
Step 73, to function class of all components for being marked as hit according to step 2 definition in step 61 hit event
Type and performance weights carry out accumulation calculating and obtain the performance failure rate of each function type, and function type f adds up performance crash rate Sf
Calculation formula be：
Wherein, S, fFor current function f performance failure rates, n be in this hit event with the relevant hit components of function f
Quantity, αiFor the performance weights of component i, βiIt is damage coefficient of this hit ammunition to component i, in effect tree is hit accordingly
It is inquired about in subcomponent nodes according to ammunition type, hit type；
Step 74, corresponding function effect node is searched for according to function type f in group effect node, according to performance failure
Rate SfValue searches for corresponding performance failure effect under the functional effect node searched, performs the content of effect description, production
Effect in life.
Effect is preferable, and collision enclosure body is built by the way of combination for the housing parts of geometrical model.
Advantageous effect：
For the present invention in the model geometric modelling phase in units of the functional component of model, enclosure body is collided in addition, and builds
The equivalent solid of internal critical component is acted on behalf of as collision, realizes the separation of geometry appearance model and physical impacts model,
Solve the problems, such as that the collision detection that stratification detail model (LOD) technology is brought is inconsistent；It is while polygon not increasing model
The component-level description to model physical impacts attribute is realized under conditions of figurate number amount, is provided for efficient accurate hit detection
Condition.
The present invention adds the specially treated to hit detection in the collision detection stage, using the penetration length of weapons and ammunitions as
Benchmark, on its penetration path, using structure detection group and the method for equivalent penetrating length integration, successively to the collision knot of component
Fruit is calculated, and realizes the hit detection of component-level, solves the problems, such as that conventional butt detection granularity is excessively thick.
The present invention in effect generation phase by pre-defined hit effect spanning tree, (wrap by the hit for providing different ammunitions
Include hit and penetrate) to belong to difference in functionality (motor-driven, communication, weapon etc.) base part effect (including performance loss with
Effect generates), physical effect spanning tree is inquired about according to top-down order according to hit detection result, adjusts function
Simulation parameters and output simultaneously call corresponding sound, texture and particle effect to be shown.Physical effect spanning tree can be with
It is constantly extended by emulation experiment (such as finite element analysis) or ball firing method and perfect, final acquisition is more accurate
Hit effect priori.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 components and collision enclosure body correspondence schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 housing parts collide enclosure body schematic diagram；
The equivalent solid schematic diagram of Fig. 3 components；
Fig. 4 collides enclosure body and the equivalent thickness of equivalent solid calculates schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 hits effect spanning tree schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is based on classical bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) collision checking method, by the physical agents for building geometrical model
Body, the description of geometric attribute and physical attribute to threedimensional model are separated, and hit detection are integrated transport on this basis
With theoretical calculation and the method for inquiry priori, realize and more accurate life is obtained while scene complexity is not increased
Middle detection and effect generation effect.Specific method is as follows：
Step 1, in modeling tool software, the polygon modeling method of standard is used to add collision for geometrical model and is surrounded
The equivalent solid of body and internal critical component.Specific method is：
Collision enclosure body is created in units of the functional component of geometrical model, called function component refers to represented by model
There is certain in actual object, and the damage of the component can cause the forfeiture of object function or the decline of respective performances.Such as
Driving wheel, bogie wheel, crawler belt, engine and the transmission case of tank model belong to motor function component.
Following principle is followed when creating and colliding enclosure body：
1) must be closing convex polyhedron, should can embody the geometry of component, again as far as possible simple, such as scheme
Shown in 1；
2) for housing parts, enclosure body is built by the way of combination, it is ensured that collision detection is able to detect that thickness, such as
Shown in Fig. 2；
3) enclosure body is tied on corresponding geometrical model as sub- object and establishes hierarchical relationship, it is ensured that begins with geometrical model
Correct positive movement relation is kept eventually, and so-called positive movement relation refers in hierarchical relationship, and the athletic meeting of father's object is transferred
Onto sub- object, sub- object is made to follow father's object of which movement.
In computer real-time graph technology, in order to simplify scene, threedimensional model mainly describes the shape of object, for interior
The sightless object in portion is not described.In Virtual Battlefield, the main function components of combat unit are all located at the interior of protecting component
Personnel, communication equipment in portion, such as tank turret, weapon, these components are although invisible, but have weight for hit detection
The effect wanted, in order to detect whether these components are hit, it is necessary to establish the equivalent solid of component.So-called equivalent solid is
The solid of reflection description object basic configuration and position is referred to, as shown in Figure 3.
It needs to follow following principle when creating equivalent solid：
1) as far as possible using the combination of element figure or element figure, element figure refers in computer graphics, using number
The minimum molding unit that the minimum graphic element and modeling software that method can describe can operate, as cuboid, ball,
Cylinder, capsule body etc.；
2) position, shapes and sizes and actual object are consistent；
3) according to actual installation relation, foundation and geometrical model hierarchical relationship, correct positive movement relation is kept.
By above step, the model hierarchical structure of geometrical model-collision enclosure body-equivalent solid is established,
Middle geometrical model, collision enclosure body and equivalent solid need to name respectively, it is ensured that the uniqueness of name, for the life of step 5
Middle effect generation.
Step 2, physical attribute is added to the collision enclosure body and equivalent solid of step 1 definition.Collision enclosure body is used for
All collision detections (including collision, the collision of the ammunition cast with landform, barrier), equivalent solid is served only for hitting
Detection (collision with casting ammunition), is identified by assigning different materials, will collide the material name of enclosure body here
For：collision；The entitled hit of material of equivalent solid.
Different components has the function of different and performance, for ammunition through also having different protectives, respectively
Material type, function type and performance weights are added for each collision enclosure body and equivalent solid, wherein resisting perforative anti-
Shield property is embodied by material type, such as homogeneous steel, timber, plastics, composite armour etc.；Function type is used for describing component
For the function of entire model, such as movement, communication, cannon, machine gun etc., for as particular components such as fuel tank, ammunition stores, due to
It, which is hit, can occur quadratic effect, cause the damage to other functional components, and function type is set to global.Performance weights are used
The influence of the breaking-up of component for certain a kind of function described, value range is [0,1], such as engine damage can cause tank
The forfeiture of locomitivity, performance weights 1, the damage of bogie wheel only influence tank road ability, and performance weights can be set
One smaller numerical value.
Geometrical model, collision enclosure body and equivalent solid are inherently that mesh (grid) is right in computer graphical
As its foundation is merged into a model according to hierarchical relationship and is preserved, retains the physical attribute of all mesh objects.
Step 3, general collision detection processing.Using classical bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) collision checking method to owning in scene
Material be collision mesh (colliding enclosure body) carry out collision detection, the mesh to be collided to set Φ=
{C1, C2... Cn, the Elements C of setiIncluding a pair of collision enclosure body (taken as (Ai, Bi)), collision enclosure body AiAnd BiIt
Between the point of impingement P that collidesiAnd collision course
The title for the geometrical model that the enclosure body defined according to step 1 is bound judges touching with the presence or absence of projectile ammunition in Φ
Enclosure body is hit, if it does, explanation has hit event, enters step the processing of 4 hit detections.If it does not, explanation does not have
There is hit event, performing general collision response processing, (the contents of the section is not that this patent solves the problems, such as, is not made here
Special description).
In modeling software, all solids are all mesh objects including geometrical model, enclosure body, equivalent solid
(mesh), distinguished between them by material, and type is distinguished by being named to it between geometrical model.Such as son
Bullet is named as bullet, and shell is named as ammo, and wheel is named as wheel etc..
Step 4, hit detection is handled.It is as follows：
Step 41, if collision enclosure body is to (Ai, Bi) hit event occurs, it is established when creating collision enclosure body according to step 1
Hierarchical structure H, obtain AiAnd BiCorresponding geometrical model OiAnd TiIf projectile ammunition is Oi, object is hit as Ti, will be in H
In TiBelow level and the mesh objects of material entitled collision and hit add in OiCollision detection group Gi(gi1,gi2…
gim)；Obtain ammunition OiTo the penetration distance D of benchmark material (generally homogeneous steel)i(being determined by the performance of ammunition).
Step 42, in ammunition OiPenetration path on carry out hit detection.With the collision point coordinates P in step 3iFor origin,
WithFor the ray P in directioniVi, collision detection group G is created to step 41i(gi1,gi2…gim) make ray detection, obtain OiInvade
First mesh objects g on thorough pathij。
Step 43, gijEquivalent thickness calculate.As shown in figure 4, first using the ray P in step 42iViTo gijMake the
Ray detection obtains first collision point coordinates Pi1(xi1, yi1, zi1), in PiPi1Extended line take up an official post and take a point Pi' (with
Pi1Distance be more than gijMaximum gauge) for origin,It is direction to gijMake second of ray detection, obtain second collision
Point coordinates Pi2(xi2, yi2, zi2), gijEquivalent thickness be：
Wherein αjFor gijMaterial compared with the protection force coefficient of the benchmark material set in step 41 (generally according to physics
The semiempirical formula that experiment and materialogy theoretical calculation sum up determines).
Step 44, if through judgement.To dijIt adds up, if Σ dij≤Di, then it is assumed that gijBy through by gijGeneration
For the functional component of table labeled as hit, hit type mark is through and by gijFrom GiMiddle removal, continues to execute step 42；Such as
Fruit Σ dij＞ Di, then it is assumed that gijNot by through by gijFor the functional component of representative labeled as hit, hit type mark is collision,
Ammunition Penetration stops, and terminates hit detection processing.
Step 5, effect generation is hit.All hit components of object and hit type are hit according to step 44 acquisition,
Generate corresponding damage effect.It is as follows：
Step 51, the hit effect spanning tree of object is defined.A kind of model corresponds to a physical effect spanning tree, the section of tree
Point includes two parts of local effect and group effect, and wherein local effect is used for defining the effect that specific component is injured, mainly
For embodying the audio visual effect injured, for example, fuel tank be hit after on fire and explosion；Group effect is used for defining a kind of function
Identical component injures summation effect, is mainly used to embody and injure to object function and performance failure effect, such as engine,
Transmission case, driving wheel etc. are all to injure the influence for causing mobility performance with the relevant component of motor function.Physical effect is given birth to
The form of Cheng Shu is as shown in Figure 5.
Step 52, the local effect node defined according to step 51 is marked the component of hit for each by step 44,
Search for corresponding child node, generation local effect (mainly sound and particle effect).
The function type that all components for being marked as hit are defined according to step 2 in the hit event obtained to step 44
Accumulation calculating is carried out with performance weights, obtains the performance failure rate of each function, function f adds up performance crash rate SfCalculation formulaS, fFor current function f performance failure rates, n is (including GF global functions in this hit event with function f
Type) it is relevant hit component quantity, αiFor the performance weights of component i, βiIt is to injuring for component i for this hit ammunition
Number is inquired about in effect tree is hit in corresponding component node according to ammunition type, hit type.
Corresponding function effect node is searched for according to function type f in the group effect node defined in step 51, according to property
It can crash rate SfValue searches for corresponding performance failure effect under the functional effect node searched, performs the interior of effect description
Hold, generate hit effect.
Certainly, the present invention can also have the prestige of the weapons and ammunitions in other various embodiments, such as weapon system virtual experimental
The field of force emulation, target by bullet damage effect emulate etc..Without deviating from the spirit and substance of the present invention, it is familiar with ability
The technical staff in domain makes various corresponding changes and deformation in accordance with the present invention, but these corresponding changes and deformation all should
Belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. accurate hit detection and effect generation method in a kind of Virtual Battlefield, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1, used in modeling tool software the polygon modeling method of standard for geometrical model add collision enclosure body and
The equivalent solid of internal critical component；
Step 11, collision enclosure body is created in units of the functional component of geometrical model, called function component refers to model table
There is certain in the actual object shown, and the damage of the component can be caused under forfeiture or the respective performances of object function
Drop；
The collision enclosure body is the convex polyhedron of closing, and remains positive movement relation with geometrical model；
Step 12, equivalent solid, the position of the equivalent solid, shape are created using the combination of element figure or element figure
Shape and size are consistent with internal critical component；
So-called equivalent solid is the basic configuration of inside critical component and the solid of position for referring to reflection description, and with
Geometrical model keeps positive movement relation；
Step 2, name collision enclosure body be collision, equivalent solid be hit, to step 1 define collision enclosure body and
Equivalent solid adds physical attribute；
Enclosure body is collided for collision detection, collision detection includes and landform, the collision of barrier, the collision of the ammunition cast；
Equivalent solid is used for hit detection, and hit detection refers to the collision of the ammunition with casting；
Step 3, it is respectively each collision enclosure body and equivalent solid addition material type, function type and performance weights,
In resist perforative protective by material type to embody；Function type is used for describing function of the component for entire model；
Performance weights are used for describing influence of the breaking-up of component for certain a kind of function；
Step 4, above-mentioned geometrical model, collision enclosure body and equivalent solid are mesh object in computer graphical, according to
Positive movement relation establishes the hierarchical structure of geometrical model-collision enclosure body-equivalent solid, and geometrical model, collision are wrapped
Containment body and equivalent solid are uniquely named, and retain all mesh objects to preserving according to hierarchical structure to model
Hierarchical relationship between physical attribute and mesh object；
Step 5, collision detection is handled：It is to all materials in scene using classical bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) collision checking method
The collision enclosure body of collision carries out collision detection, and the collision enclosure body to be collided is to set Φ={ C1, C2...
Cn, the Elements C of the setiIncluding a pair of collision enclosure body AiAnd BiAnd collision enclosure body AiAnd BiBetween collide hit
Hit point PiAnd crash direction
The title for the geometrical model that the enclosure body defined according to step 1 is bound is judged in Φ with the presence or absence of the collision bag for casting ammunition
Containment body if it does, explanation has hit event, enters step the processing of 6 hit detections；If it does not, explanation is not ordered
Middle event occurs, and performs general collision response processing；
Step 6, hit detection is handled：
Step 61, according to collision enclosure body to (Ai, Bi) obtain corresponding geometrical model OiAnd TiIf projectile ammunition is Oi, ordered
Middle object is Ti, in T in the model hierarchical structure that step 4 is establishediBelow level and the net of material entitled collision and hit
Lattice object adds in OiCollision detection group Gi(gi1,gi2…gim)；
Step 62, to collide point coordinates PiFor origin, withFor the ray P in directioniVi, to collision detection group Gi(gi1,gi2…gim)
Make ray detection, obtain OiPenetration path on first mesh object gij；
Step 63, using ray PiViTo gijMake first time ray detection, obtain first collision point coordinates Pi1(xi1, yi1,
zi1), in PiPi1Extended line take up an official post and take a point Pi', and the Pi' and Pi1Distance be more than gijMaximum gauge, with Pi' it is original
Point,It is direction to gijMake second of ray detection, obtain second collision point coordinates Pi2(xi2, yi2, zi2), then gijEtc.
Imitate thickness dijFor：
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Wherein αjFor gijMaterial compared with the benchmark material of setting protection force coefficient；
Step 64, to dijIt adds up, if ∑ dij≤Di, then it is assumed that gijBy through by gijThe functional component of representative is labeled as
Hit, hit type mark are through and by gijFrom GiMiddle removal, continues to execute step 62；If ∑ dij＞ Di, then it is assumed that gij
Not by through by gijFor the functional component of representative labeled as hit, hit type mark is collision, and ammunition Penetration stops, knot
The processing of beam hit detection；Wherein, DiFor ammunition OiTo the penetration distance of benchmark material；
Step 7, effect generation is hit：
Step 71, the hit effect spanning tree of object is defined, a kind of model corresponds to a physical effect spanning tree, the node bag of tree
Two parts of local effect and group effect are included, wherein local effect is the effect that specific component is injured, for embodying what is injured
Audio visual effect；Group effect injures summation effect for a kind of functional component, is injured for embodying to object function and performance mistake
Imitate effect；
Step 72, the component of hit is labeled as by step 64 for each, searches for corresponding child node, generates local effect；
Step 73, the performance for all components for being marked as hit in step 64 hit event being calculated each function type is lost
Efficiency, function type f add up performance crash rate SfCalculation formula be：
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Wherein, S 'fFor current function f performance failure rates, n is and the relevant quantity for hitting component of function f, αiFor the property of component i
Energy weight, βiIt is that this hits damage coefficient of the ammunition to component i, according to ammunition in corresponding component node in effect tree is hit
Type, hit type are inquired about；
Step 74, corresponding function effect node is searched for according to function type f in group effect node, according to performance failure rate Sf
Value searches for corresponding performance failure effect under the functional effect node searched, performs the content of effect description, generates life
Middle effect.
2. accurate hit detection and effect generation method in Virtual Battlefield as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that for several
The housing parts of what model build collision enclosure body by the way of combination.
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