CN104807536B - Fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor with temperature-compensating - Google Patents
Fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor with temperature-compensating Download PDFInfo
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- CN104807536B CN104807536B CN201510003824.9A CN201510003824A CN104807536B CN 104807536 B CN104807536 B CN 104807536B CN 201510003824 A CN201510003824 A CN 201510003824A CN 104807536 B CN104807536 B CN 104807536B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor with temperature-compensating, including upper end cover, T-shaped beam, bottom end cover, 4 fiber gratings, T-shaped beam includes crossbeam and vertical beam, pass through the first fiber grating set along vertical beam direction, line is along the 3rd fiber grating in crossbeam direction and the 4th fiber grating, the vibration acceleration parameter of orthogonal both direction can be measured in real time, temperature-compensating is carried out by second the first fiber grating of fiber grating pair, vibration measurement is realized as elastomer using T-shaped beam, it is effectively improved resonant frequency and the sensitivity of sensor.Change the pretightning force of the first fiber grating by adjusting pre-loading screw simultaneously, it is possible to increase along the vibration measurement scope in vertical beam direction.Apparatus of the present invention have stronger anti-electromagnetic interference capability, and by the way that multiple fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensors with temperature-compensating of the invention are together in series, can realize that the distributed vibration dynamic of multi-parameter measures by optical signal transmission fiber.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the low-and high-frequency vibration test technology in mechanical industry field, more particularly to it is a kind of with temperature-compensating
Fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor.
Background technology
In mechanical industry field, vibration is one of main sign for causing failure to occur, for this to the real-time detection of vibration
To ensure that the healthy and stable operation of plant equipment and other industrial equipments is particularly important.At present, conventional vibration detection mainly uses
Electric class vibrating sensor, but it is severe for working in for measured body, easily by electromagnetic interference, it is impossible to accurate measurement, and for some
There is also great potential safety hazard for inflammable and explosive bad working environments.
And fiber grating (FBG) has small volume, electromagnetism interference, dynamic distributed measurement and distant signal transmission etc.
Advantage, it can be applied to the industrial environment vibration measurement of bad environments.At present, many vibrating sensors based on fiber grating design
Main flow is the measurement of single vibration, and it is relatively low and can survey the shortcomings of frequency band range is little sensitivity to be mostly present, is not suitable for
The detection of the low amplitude high frequency vibration signal in mechanical industry field.
The content of the invention
The present invention is for existing vibration test technology measurement sensitivity is low, can survey the problem of frequency band range is little, there is provided one
Fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor of the kind with temperature-compensating, improves vibration measurement sensitivity, expands measurement frequency band range.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：A kind of fiber grating two-dimensional with temperature-compensating
Vibrating sensor, including upper end cover, T-shaped beam, bottom end cover, the crossbeam of T-shaped beam are fixed between upper end cover, bottom end cover, upper end cover
Top first through hole and the second through hole are set, the first optical fiber fixed cover, second are set respectively in first through hole and the second through hole
Optical fiber fixed cover, the vertical beam of T-shaped beam is between crossbeam and bottom end cover (vertical beam is mutually perpendicular to crossbeam), upper end and the horizontal stroke of vertical beam
Beam is fixedly connected, and the lower end of vertical beam is provided with mass, and vertical beam is symmetrical arranged the 3rd light along 2 opposite flanks in crossbeam direction
Fine grating and the 4th fiber grating；Optical fiber lead-out groove, the first light are set on crossbeam, corresponding to first through hole location directly below
The optical fiber of fine grating one end draws upper end cover by the first optical fiber fixed cover, and the optical fiber of the first fiber grating other end passes through described
Optical fiber lead-out groove is drawn simultaneously to be connected with one end of the 3rd fiber grating, the other end of the 3rd fiber grating and the 4th fiber grating
One end is connected, and the other end of the 4th fiber grating is connected with one end of the second fiber grating, the other end of the second fiber grating
Optical fiber draws upper end cover by the second optical fiber fixed cover.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, in addition to pretension bolt, the first optical fiber fixed cover is fixed on first by pretension bolt and led to
Kong Zhong.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, opened up in the middle part of the pretension bolt through hole be used for place the first optical fiber fixed cover.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the fiber grating is Fiber Bragg Grating FBG.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the material of the T-shaped beam is metal.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the material of the T-shaped beam is specially stainless steel or copper alloy.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the optical fiber of the first fiber grating other end is fixed on optical fiber lead-out groove by viscose glue
In, the other end of the second fiber grating is fixed in the second optical fiber fixed cover by viscose glue.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the 3rd fiber grating and the 4th fiber grating are symmetrically fixed on vertical beam by viscose glue
On 2 opposite flanks.
The present invention operation principle be：There is the fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor of temperature-compensating to be arranged on this first
On measured body, when measured body vibrates, the work of crossbeam in T-shaped beam in the inertia force of the mass vibrated along vertical beam direction
The position being connected under, among crossbeam with the first fiber grating, occurs corresponding deformation, the deformation and along vertical beam directional acceleration
It is directly proportional, it is that corresponding drift occurs for the centre wavelength of this first fiber grating, and the second fiber grating suspended is only by tested
The influence of the environment temperature of body, the second fiber grating is combined for this, the first fiber grating can be eliminated and be influenced by temperature, and then surveyed
Obtain vibration acceleration of the measured body on vertical beam direction；For vertical beam under inertia force effect of the mass along crossbeam direction, Gu
The centre wavelength of the 3rd fiber grating and the 4th fiber grating that are scheduled on vertical beam both side surface shifts, and with along crossbeam direction
Vibration acceleration it is directly proportional, by the wavelength of the 3rd fiber grating and the 4th fiber grating carry out difference processing eliminate temperature and
The influence of vertical beam direction vibration, you can obtain vibration acceleration of the measured body along crossbeam direction.
The beneficial effect comprise that：The present invention passes through the first fiber grating set along vertical beam direction, line edge
3rd fiber grating in crossbeam direction and the 4th fiber grating, the vibration that can measure orthogonal both direction in real time accelerate
Parameter is spent, the present invention realizes vibration measurement by suspending the first fiber grating of tension and compression and being used as elastomer using T-shaped beam, had
Improve to effect resonant frequency and the sensitivity of sensor.Change the pretension of the first fiber grating by adjusting pre-loading screw simultaneously
Power, it is possible to increase along the vibration measurement scope in vertical beam direction.Apparatus of the present invention have stronger anti-electricity by optical signal transmission fiber
Magnetic disturbance ability, and by the way that multiple fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensors with temperature-compensating of the invention are connected
Come, can realize that the distributed vibration dynamic of multi-parameter measures.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the sectional structure chart for the fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor that the embodiment of the present invention has temperature-compensating；
Fig. 3 is the profile of the T-shaped beam in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is the top view of the T-shaped beam in Fig. 2；
Fig. 5 is the amplification assumption diagram of the pretightning force bringing device in Fig. 2.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
In the embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a kind of fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor with temperature-compensating, including upper end
Lid, T-shaped beam, bottom end cover, the crossbeam of T-shaped beam is fixed between upper end cover, bottom end cover, the top of upper end cover set first through hole and
First optical fiber fixed cover, the second optical fiber fixed cover are set respectively in the second through hole, first through hole and the second through hole, and T-shaped beam erects
Between crossbeam and bottom end cover, the upper end of vertical beam is fixedly connected beam with crossbeam, and the lower end of vertical beam is provided with mass, vertical beam edge
The 3rd fiber grating and the 4th fiber grating are symmetrical arranged on 2 opposite flanks in crossbeam direction；On crossbeam, corresponding to first
Through hole location directly below sets optical fiber lead-out groove, and the optical fiber of first fiber grating one end is drawn by the first optical fiber fixed cover
End cap, the optical fiber of the first fiber grating other end are drawn by the optical fiber lead-out groove and connected with one end of the 3rd fiber grating
Connect, the other end of the 3rd fiber grating is connected with one end of the 4th fiber grating, the other end and the second light of the 4th fiber grating
One end connection of fine grating, the optical fiber of the other end of the second fiber grating draw upper end cover by the second optical fiber fixed cover.
Further, in addition to pretension bolt, the first optical fiber fixed cover are fixed in first through hole by pretension bolt.It is logical
The pretightning force of the first fiber grating can be changed by crossing adjustment pretension bolt, and then adjust the vibration measurement scope along vertical beam direction,
And dynamic characteristic.
Further, opened up in the middle part of pretension bolt through hole be used for place the first optical fiber fixed cover.Fix the first optical fiber
Set is located at the centre of pretension bolt, makes the circumferential uniform force of the first fiber grating.
Further, the fiber grating is Fiber Bragg Grating FBG.
Further, the material of the T-shaped beam is metal, is specifically as follows stainless steel or copper alloy.Made using T-shaped beam
Vibration measurement is realized for elastomer, is effectively improved resonant frequency and the sensitivity of sensor.
Further, the optical fiber of the first fiber grating other end is fixed in optical fiber lead-out groove by viscose glue, and second
The other end of fiber grating is fixed in the second optical fiber fixed cover by viscose glue.3rd fiber grating and the 4th fiber grating
Symmetrically it is fixed on by viscose glue on 2 opposite flanks of vertical beam.Viscose glue plays a part of fixed and protects optical fiber.
The centre wavelength of 4 FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating FBG) of the present invention need to be different, and Fig. 1 is the principle of the present invention
Figure, at work, is fixed on measured body surface, from the first optical fiber fixed cover by fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor of the present invention
The tail optical fiber of the first fiber grating one end drawn is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, real-time to 4 FBG centre wavelengths of the present invention
Demodulation；The tail optical fiber of the other end for the second fiber grating drawn by the second optical fiber fixed cover can have temperature-compensating with another
Fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor is connected, and realizes the multiple spot distribution vibration detection to measured body, equally can also with it is other
The sensor of fiber grating class is connected, and realizes that the distribution to the more physical parameters of measured body detects by optical fiber, and traditional
Electrical sensor vibration test system is compared, and makes test system more succinct.
In presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, T-shaped beam is made up of crossbeam, clamping rings, mass and vertical beam (cantilever beam), is led to
Upper end cover and the screw thread on bottom end cover are crossed, T-shaped beam is fixed between upper end cover and bottom end cover by bolt.Also set in bottom end cover
There is fiber grating, wherein the optical fiber of first fiber grating one end is connected by the first optical fiber fixed cover with pretension bolt, pass through tune
Section pretension bolt can realize pretension to the first fiber grating, realize the frequency band of the direction and the regulation of sensitivity, the first optical fiber
The optical fiber of the grating other end is fixed in the optical fiber lead-out groove of the center position of crossbeam, and optical fiber lead-out groove is located at the first optical fiber and consolidated
Surely the underface covered.Second fiber grating is suspended in sensor internal, between upper end cover and crossbeam.Another pair optical fiber light
Grid：3rd fiber grating and the 4th fiber grating are respectively symmetrically arranged in vertical beam both side surface.First fiber grating and the 3rd light
Fine grating, the 3rd fiber grating and the 4th fiber grating, the 4th fiber grating are sequentially connected in series with the second fiber grating, wherein first
The afterbody optical fiber of fiber grating and the second fiber grating is led to outside sensor, is connected by optical fiber with external devices.Such as Fig. 2-Fig. 5
Shown, the sensor includes bottom end cover 1, and the crossbeam 303 and vertical beam 306 of T-shaped beam 3 form the elastomer of T-shaped beam 3, vertical beam 306
One end is connected with crossbeam 303, and the other end is connected with mass 302；Crossbeam 303 is designed as with the bearing that upper end cover is mutually fixed
Clamping rings 301, bottom end cover 1 are connected through a screw thread part with upper end cover 2 and fixed with T-shaped beam 3；The other end of first fiber grating 8
It is connected by viscose glue 7 with the optical fiber lead-out groove 305 of the central point of crossbeam 303, one end of the first fiber grating 8 is solid by viscose glue 7
Due to the first optical fiber fixed cover 5, the first optical fiber fixed cover 5 is embedded in pretension bolt 4, the second fiber grating 9 it is loose vacantly with
In upper end cover 2, and it is connected with the 4th fiber grating 10, the other end is drawn outside upper end cover by the second fiber boot 6；Upper end cover
The 3rd fiber grating 10 is additionally provided with 2, one end is connected by fiber-optic fixing-hole 304 with the first fiber grating, the other end and the 3rd
Fiber grating is connected, and is symmetrically fixed on the both side surface of vertical beam 306 by viscose glue with the 3rd fiber grating.Clamping rings 301,
Mass 302, crossbeam 303, fiber-optic fixing-hole 304, optical fiber lead-out groove 305, vertical beam 306 are integral type structure, are T-shaped beam 3.
When being detected to measured body vibration acceleration, by the corresponding relation of fiber bragg grating center wavelength drift and acceleration most
The vibratory output of measured body is obtained eventually.The principle of vibration measurement method of the present invention is：
During for being vibrated along vertical beam direction (y directions), Combining material mechanics and vibration, it is known that the first fiber grating is answered
It is changed into：
Wherein Δ L be the first fiber grating elongation, L be the first fiber grating effective length, ayFor measured body edge
The acceleration in vertical beam direction, wyFor measured body vibration frequency, w0yFor intrinsic frequency of the sensor along vertical beam direction.Wherein w0yFor：
Wherein K1For the extensional rigidity of optical fiber,K2For the bending rigidity of crossbeamEfFor light
Fine modulus of elasticity, AfThe cross-sectional area of optical fiber, E1For the modulus of elasticity of crossbeam, I1For the moment of inertia of crossbeam, L1For crossbeam
Effective length, M are the quality of mass.
As the vibration frequency w of measured bodyy<<w0yWhen, can simplify (1) formula is：
During for being vibrated along crossbeam direction (x directions), also according to the mechanics of materials and vibration, it is known that the 3rd light of vertical beam
Strain at the sticky point of fine grating is：
Wherein L2For the length of vertical beam (cantilever beam), Y is the distance between the 3rd fiber grating measuring point and mass, and h is
The thickness of vertical beam, axFor acceleration of the measured body along crossbeam direction, wxFor measured body vibration frequency, w0xFor sensor x directions
Intrinsic frequency.Wherein w0xFor：
Wherein KCantileverFor the bending rigidity of vertical beam,E2For the modulus of elasticity of vertical beam, I2For the inertia of vertical beam
Square, L2For the effective length of vertical beam.
As the vibration frequency w of measured bodyx<<w0xWhen, can simplify (4) formula is：
When vibrating along crossbeam direction occurs in measured body, mass will apply moment of flexure in crossbeam, will in crossbeam direction for this
Deform, the length that crossbeam is designed in the present invention is far longer than its thickness, and crossbeam is fixed in one end of the first fiber grating
The neutral line position of direction bending, for this measured body occur along crossbeam direction vibrate when crossbeam among deformation compare it along vertical beam
The very little during operational vibration of direction, it can be neglected.
When vibrating along vertical beam direction occurs in measured body, vertical beam can occur in the presence of mass M along vertical beam direction
Deformation, can obtain its strain is：
Wherein A2For the cross-sectional area of vertical beam.
According to the operation principle of optical fiber Bragg raster, the first fiber grating while Δ ε strained1With environment temperature Δ T
Effect, due to the second fiber grating it is loose vacantly with upper end cover, it is only influenceed by environment temperature, be this convolution (3)
Understand that the first fiber grating and the second fiber bragg grating center wavelength drift value and the relation of strain/temperature are as follows：
Δλ1For the first optic fiber grating wavelength drift value, λ1For the centre wavelength of the first fiber grating, Δ λ2For the second optical fiber
Grating wavelength drift value, λ2For the centre wavelength of the second fiber grating, ρe：The effective photoelastic effect of optical fiber, αnFor the hot spectrum of optical fiber
Number, αAFor linear thermal coefficient of expansion.
Formula (8)-(9) can obtain optic fiber grating wavelength drift and the relation of y directional accelerations：
It can be drifted about, realized to quilt according to the centre wavelength of the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating according to formula (10) for this
Survey real-time detection of the body along vertical beam direction vibration acceleration.
Because the 3rd fiber grating and the 4th fiber grating are symmetrically pasted on vertical beam both side surface, be this convolution (6) and
(7) the 3rd fiber grating can be obtained and the strain of the 4th fiber grating is respectively：
The center of the second fiber grating and the 3rd fiber grating can be obtained according to fiber grating operation principle and formula (11) for this
Wavelength and the relation of strain/temperature：
Formula (12)-(13) can obtain optic fiber grating wavelength drift and the relation along crossbeam directional acceleration：
It can be drifted about and realized to quilt according to the centre wavelength of the 3rd fiber grating and the 4th fiber grating according to formula (14) for this
Body is surveyed to detect in real time along crossbeam direction vibration acceleration.
It should be appreciated that for those of ordinary skills, can according to the above description be improved or converted,
And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor with temperature-compensating, it is characterised in that including upper end cover, T-shaped beam, under End cap, the crossbeam of T-shaped beam are fixed between upper end cover, bottom end cover, and the top of upper end cover sets first through hole and the second through hole, the First optical fiber fixed cover, the second optical fiber fixed cover be set respectively in one through hole and the second through hole, the vertical beam of T-shaped beam be located at crossbeam with Between bottom end cover, the upper end of vertical beam is fixedly connected with crossbeam, and the lower end of vertical beam is provided with mass, and vertical beam is along the 2 of crossbeam direction The 3rd fiber grating and the 4th fiber grating are symmetrical arranged on individual opposite flank；On crossbeam, corresponding to first through hole immediately below Position optical fiber lead-out groove is set, the optical fiber of first fiber grating one end draws upper end cover by the first optical fiber fixed cover, first The optical fiber of the fiber grating other end is drawn by the optical fiber lead-out groove and is connected with one end of the 3rd fiber grating, the 3rd optical fiber The other end of grating is connected with one end of the 4th fiber grating, the other end of the 4th fiber grating and one end of the second fiber grating Connection, the optical fiber of the other end of the second fiber grating draw upper end cover by the second optical fiber fixed cover.
- 2. the fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor according to claim 1 with temperature-compensating, it is characterised in that also wrap Pretension bolt is included, the first optical fiber fixed cover is fixed in first through hole by pretension bolt.
- 3. the fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor according to claim 2 with temperature-compensating, it is characterised in that described Opened up in the middle part of pretension bolt through hole be used for place the first optical fiber fixed cover.
- 4. the fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor with temperature-compensating according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, its feature exist In the fiber grating is Fiber Bragg Grating FBG.
- 5. the fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor according to claim 4 with temperature-compensating, it is characterised in that described The material of T-shaped beam is metal.
- 6. the fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor according to claim 5 with temperature-compensating, it is characterised in that described The material of T-shaped beam is specially stainless steel or copper alloy.
- 7. the fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor according to claim 6 with temperature-compensating, it is characterised in that described The optical fiber of the first fiber grating other end is fixed in optical fiber lead-out groove by viscose glue, and the other end of the second fiber grating, which passes through, to be glued Glue is fixed in the second optical fiber fixed cover.
- 8. the fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor according to claim 7 with temperature-compensating, it is characterised in that described 3rd fiber grating and the 4th fiber grating are symmetrically fixed on by viscose glue on 2 opposite flanks of vertical beam.
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| CN112097968A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-12-18 | 电子科技大学 | Optical fiber pressure and acceleration sensor and installation and calibration method thereof |
| CN112327352B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-09-14 | 西北大学 | Seismic wave acceleration vector detector based on multi-core optical fiber |
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