CN104807265B - Magnetic refrigeration apparatus and its heat exchange fluid flow control methods and control device - Google Patents
Magnetic refrigeration apparatus and its heat exchange fluid flow control methods and control device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104807265B CN104807265B CN201410034087.4A CN201410034087A CN104807265B CN 104807265 B CN104807265 B CN 104807265B CN 201410034087 A CN201410034087 A CN 201410034087A CN 104807265 B CN104807265 B CN 104807265B
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- heat exchange
- exchange fluid
- magnetic field
- fluid flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of magnetic refrigeration apparatus and its heat exchange fluid flow control methods and control device, the magnetic refrigeration apparatus include controllable magnetic field system and heat exchange fluid transfer tube, the magnetic field intensity T of the controllable magnetic field system is T=A*cos (wt+ θ), and methods described includes：Obtain the angular speed w and initial phase θ of magnetic field intensity in controllable magnetic field system；Heat exchange fluid flow V is calculated according to formula V=B*cos [w (t T0)+θ]；The rotating speed n of the heat exchange fluid transfer tube is calculated according to heat exchange fluid flowmeter, control transfer tube rotates according to rotating speed n, it is achieved thereby that automatic, quick, the accurate control to heat exchange fluid flow in magnetic refrigeration apparatus.
Description
Technical field
It is to be related to magnetic refrigeration apparatus and its heat exchange fluid flow control specifically the invention belongs to magnetic refrigeration technology field
Method processed and control device.
Background technology
Existing refrigeration plant is mostly steam compression type refrigerating apparatus, mainly reaches refrigeration by refrigerant evaporation endothermic
Purpose.But with people's environment, health, Jing Yin idea transformation, pollution-free, low noise refrigeration machine increasingly becomes consumer
The principal concern of refrigeration product, therefore magnetic refrigeration apparatus is selected to have a bright future.
Magnetic refrigeration apparatus are the refrigeration plants freezed using magnetothermal effect.Magnetothermal effect be magnetic material in magnetization and
Cause material to inhale a kind of property of heat release due to internal magnetic entropy change during demagnetization, be a kind of inherent characteristic of material, magnetic
Refrigeration realizes purpose of freezing by the magnetothermal effect of material.
Magnetic refrigeration apparatus are mainly made up of parts such as field system, magnetic working medium, heat exchanger and heat exchange fluid transfer tubes, magnetic work
There is the change of heat or cold in changes of magnetic field in matter, now heat exchange fluid flows through magnetic working medium and takes away these heats or cold
To heat exchanger, so as to realize freezing and heat.Heat exchange fluid in existing magnetic refrigeration apparatus is to provide power by transfer tube to exist
Thermal cycle is carried out in whole system, the flow of heat exchange fluid plays conclusive effect to heat exchanger effectiveness.If flow is too small,
The heat release of magnetic working medium or heat absorption cycle are excessive, cause cooling system amount to substantially reduce.If flow is excessive, heat is not discharged in time
Heat exchange fluid can be returned in the heat exchanger of refrigeration end, improve cold junction temperature, substantially reduce refrigerating efficiency.
At present, mainly manually constantly change the flow of heat exchange fluid to observe the temperature of magnetic bed cold end, so that really
Fixed optimal flow.But do so, not only takes time and effort, and regulation accuracy is low, adjusts less efficient.In technology of the invention
Before scheme is proposed, the method that the applicant also fails to find effectively regulation heat exchange fluid flow.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of magnetic refrigeration apparatus and its heat exchange fluid flow control methods and control device, with
Realize automatic, quick, the accurate control to heat exchange fluid flow in magnetic refrigeration apparatus.
For achieving the above object, the flow control methods that the present invention is provided are achieved using following technical proposals：
A kind of heat exchange fluid flow control methods in magnetic refrigeration apparatus, the magnetic refrigeration apparatus include controllable magnetic field system
And heat exchange fluid transfer tube, the magnetic field intensity T of the controllable magnetic field system is T=A*cos (wt+ θ), and methods described includes following
Step：
Obtain the angular speed w and initial phase θ of magnetic field intensity in controllable magnetic field system；
Heat exchange fluid flow V is calculated according to the following equation：V=B*cos[w(t-T0)+θ]；
The rotating speed n of the heat exchange fluid transfer tube is calculated according to heat exchange fluid flowmeter, control transfer tube is revolved according to rotating speed n
Turn, realize the control to heat exchange fluid flow；
Wherein, A is the maximum of magnetic field intensity, and B is heat exchange fluid Flow-rate adjustment coefficient, is definite value, and T0 is handed over for the heat
Delay time of the heat exchange fluid changes in flow rate relative to the transfer tube rotation speed change that liquid transfer tube is driven is changed, is definite value.
Preferably, the heat exchange fluid transfer tube include electrical connection servo controller and servomotor and with servo electricity
The liquid pump of arbor connection；When being controlled to the heat exchange fluid transfer tube, institute is first calculated according to heat exchange fluid flow V
The rotating speed n of servomotor is stated, the output pulse width of servo controller is then calculated according to rotating speed n, then, servo controller output should
Pulse width signal controls servomotor to be rotated with rotating speed n, and then controls liquid pump to be rotated according to rotating speed n, realizes to heat exchange fluid stream
The control of amount.
To realize aforementioned invention purpose, the volume control device that the present invention is provided is achieved using following technical proposals：
A kind of heat exchange fluid volume control device in magnetic refrigeration apparatus, the magnetic refrigeration apparatus include controllable magnetic field system,
The magnetic field intensity T of the controllable magnetic field system is T=A*cos (wt+ θ), and the control device includes heat exchange fluid transfer tube, institute
Stating control device also includes：
Magnetic field intensity parameter acquiring and memory cell, for obtaining and preserve magnetic field intensity in the controllable magnetic field system
Angular speed w and initial phase θ；
Heat exchange fluid flow rate calculation unit, is connected with the magnetic field intensity parameter acquiring and memory cell, for according to
Formula V=B*cos [w (t-T0)+θ] calculates heat exchange fluid flow；
Drive pump tachomete to calculate and output unit, driven with the heat exchange fluid flow rate calculation unit and the heat exchange fluid
Pump is connected, for the rotating speed of the heat exchange fluid transfer tube according to heat exchange fluid flow rate calculation, and by tach signal export to
Heat exchange fluid transfer tube, to control transfer tube to be rotated according to rotating speed.
Preferably, the heat exchange fluid transfer tube include electrical connection servo controller and servomotor and with servo electricity
The liquid pump of arbor connection, the control device also includes that output pulse width is calculated and output unit, with the heat exchange fluid flow
Computing unit is connected, and the result according to heat exchange fluid flow rate calculation unit calculates the output pulse width of the servo controller, and
The output pulse width to the servo controller is exported, servo controller is exported pulse width signal control servomotor and turned with rotating speed n
It is dynamic, and then control liquid pump to be rotated according to rotating speed n, realize the control to heat exchange fluid flow.
To realize aforementioned invention purpose, the magnetic refrigeration apparatus that the present invention is provided are achieved using following technical proposals：
A kind of magnetic refrigeration apparatus, including magnetic working medium, heat exchanger and controllable magnetic field system, the magnetic field of the controllable magnetic field system
Intensity T is T=A*cos (wt+ θ), also including heat exchange fluid volume control device described above.
Compared with prior art, advantages and positive effects of the present invention are：The present invention can in magnetic refrigeration apparatus by obtaining
Control the performance parameter in magnetic field to calculate heat exchange fluid flow, and then carry out rotating speed to transfer tube according to flow and control to realize to heat
Exchange the control of flow quantity, it is possible to achieve the accurate control to heat exchange fluid flow in the magnetic refrigeration apparatus with controllable magnetic field system
System, realizes the optimal heat exchange fluid flow under different magnetic field intensity, it is ensured that the refrigerating capacity and refrigerating efficiency of magnetic refrigeration apparatus.And
And, whole process can be automatically performed, and without manual adjustment, high degree of automation improves flow control efficiency.
After specific embodiment of the invention is read in conjunction with the figure, the other features and advantages of the invention will become more clear
Chu.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of magnetic refrigeration apparatus one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the theory diagram of heat exchange fluid volume control device one embodiment in Fig. 1 embodiments；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of heat exchange fluid flow control methods one embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
First, technical thought of the invention is briefly explained：For the magnetic refrigeration apparatus with controllable magnetic field system, magnetic
Field intensity is different, and the magnetic working medium in field system can produce different colds and heat.Under different colds or heat,
If heat exchange fluid flow keeps constant, the problem that refrigerating capacity reduction or refrigerating efficiency decline certainly will be easily caused.Therefore, it is right
In the magnetic refrigeration apparatus with controllable magnetic field system, how heat exchange fluid flow is dynamically adjusted under different magnetic field intensity, it is ensured that
Optimal heat exchange fluid flow is respectively provided with different operating modes, is then the technical problem to be solved in the present invention.
And, studied by inventor and found, for magnetic field intensity according to cosine（Or it is sinusoidal）The magnetic refrigeration of function change
Equipment, if also controlling heat exchange fluid flow according to the function similar with magnetic field intensity, is obtained in that and become with magnetic field intensity
Change and follow the optimum flow of change, it is ensured that the refrigerating capacity and refrigerating efficiency of magnetic refrigeration apparatus be most in change of magnetic field strength
It is high.
Fig. 1 is refer to, the figure show the theory diagram of magnetic refrigeration apparatus one embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, in this embodiment, magnetic refrigeration apparatus include controllable magnetic field system 11, positioned at controllable magnetic field system
Magnetic working medium 13 in system 11.Magnetic working medium 13 passes through valve with pump 14, reservoir 15 and cool end heat exchanger 16（Do not marked in figure）According to
Secondary connection, forms the first magnetic refrigerating system, and magnetic working medium 13 also passes through valve with pump 17, reservoir 18 and hot end heat exchanger 19
（Do not marked in figure）It is sequentially connected, forms the second magnetic refrigerating system.Controllable magnetic field system 11 can be electromagnetic field, or other
The controllable field system of magnetic field intensity.And, the magnetic field intensity T of controllable magnetic field system 11 meets following functional relations：T=A*
cos(wt+θ)。
Additionally, being that flow control is carried out to the heat exchange fluid in magnetic refrigeration apparatus, the magnetic refrigeration apparatus of the embodiment also set
Control device 12 is equipped with, controllable magnetic field system 11 can not only be controlled, can also be according to the change of controllable magnetic field system 11
Change is controlled to the pump 14 and pump 17 as heat exchange fluid transfer tube.The concrete structure of control device 12 may be referred to Fig. 2 institutes
Show.
The course of work of the magnetic refrigerating system of the embodiment is summarized as follows：
Under original state, without magnetic field, each valve closing, pump 14 and pump 17 do not work controllable magnetic field system 11;
The control changes of magnetic field of controllable magnetic field system 11 so that the heat release under magnetic field effect of magnetic working medium 13, hot end heat exchanger 19
The pump 17 and valve of the magnetic refrigerating system of place second are opened, heat exchange fluid flow through magnetic working medium 13 and by heat temperature raising, after intensification
Heat exchange fluid is sent to reservoir 18 after the heat exchange of hot end heat exchanger 19;
Valve closing in second magnetic refrigerating system at pump 17 and its place；
The control changes of magnetic field of controllable magnetic field system 11 so that magnetic working medium 13 is absorbed heat under magnetic field effect, cool end heat exchanger 16
The pump 14 and valve of the magnetic refrigerating system of place first are opened, and heat exchange fluid flows through magnetic working medium 13 and heat release is lowered the temperature, the heat after cooling
Exchange liquid and be sent to reservoir 18 after the heat exchange of cool end heat exchanger 16;
Valve closing in first magnetic refrigerating system at pump 14 and its place.Complete a circulation.
The theory diagram of the heat exchange hot-fluid amount control device one embodiment shown in Fig. 2 is referred to, control device 12 is wrapped
Include：
Magnetic field intensity parameter acquiring and memory cell 121, for obtaining and preserve magnetic field intensity in controllable magnetic field system 11
Angular speed w and initial phase θ；
Heat exchange fluid flow rate calculation unit 122, is connected, with magnetic field intensity parameter acquiring and memory cell 121 for pressing
Heat exchange fluid flow is calculated according to formula V=B*cos [w (t-T0)+θ]；
Pump tachomete is driven to calculate and output unit 123, with heat exchange fluid flow rate calculation unit 122 and heat exchange fluid transfer tube
（Namely pump 14 and pump 17 in Fig. 1）It is connected, for the rotating speed according to heat exchange fluid flow rate calculation heat exchange fluid transfer tube, and
Tach signal is exported to heat exchange fluid transfer tube, to control transfer tube to be rotated according to rotating speed.
For heat exchange fluid transfer tube, can be using the servo controller and servomotor and and servo for including electrically connecting
The liquid pump of motor shaft connection is realized.In this case, control device 12 then also includes and heat exchange fluid flow rate calculation unit phase
The output pulse width of connection is calculated and output unit, for the Structure Calculation servo controller according to heat exchange fluid flow rate calculation unit
Output pulse width, and export the output pulse width to servo controller, servo controller will export pulse width signal control servo electricity
Machine is rotated with rotating speed n, and then controls liquid pump to be rotated according to rotating speed n, realizes the control to heat exchange fluid flow.
The more specifically control process of above-mentioned control device 12 refers to the description of Fig. 3 embodiments of the method.
Fig. 3 is referred to, the figure shows the flow chart of heat exchange fluid flow control methods one embodiment of the present invention, the party
Method is applied in the magnetic refrigeration apparatus of structure shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
As shown in figure 3, strong for the magnetic field with controllable magnetic field system and heat exchange fluid transfer tube and controllable magnetic field system
The magnetic refrigeration apparatus that degree T changes according to T=A*cos (wt+ θ), A is the maximum of magnetic field intensity, to obtain different magnetic field intensity
Under optimal refrigerating efficiency and refrigerating capacity, heat exchange fluid flow can be controlled using following methods：
Step 301：Flow starts.
Step 302：Obtain the angular speed and initial phase of magnetic field intensity in controllable magnetic field system.
Because field system is controllable magnetic field system, therefore, it can the control unit directly from control controllable magnetic field system
In get the angular speed w and initial phase θ of magnetic field intensity in controllable magnetic field system.
Step 303：Calculate heat exchange fluid flow.
Heat exchange fluid flow V is calculated according to the following equation：V=B*cos[w(t-T0)+θ].
Wherein, B is heat exchange fluid Flow-rate adjustment coefficient.Adjustment factor B is the structural parameters with magnetic refrigeration apparatus in itself,
Such as heat exchanger area, heat exchange fluid flow through a coefficient of the caliber correlation of pipeline, for the magnetic refrigeration apparatus of structure determination,
Adjustment factor B is a definite value, and can be an empirical value.Angular speed and initial phase are identical with magnetic field intensity, respectively
It is w and θ.And parameter T0 is heat exchange fluid transfer tube is driven in magnetic refrigeration apparatus heat exchange fluid changes in flow rate relative to the drive
The delay time of dynamic revolution speed change, the delay time is the knot with the structural parameters such as transfer tube own power and magnetic refrigeration apparatus
A related value of structure parameter, after the structure and transfer tube of magnetic refrigeration apparatus determine, delay time T0 is also a definite value,
And can also be an empirical value.
Step 304：Calculate the rotating speed n of heat exchange fluid transfer tube according to heat exchange fluid flowmeter, control transfer tube is according to turning
Fast n rotations, realize the control to heat exchange fluid flow.
Obtain after heat exchange fluid flow, the rotating speed of transfer tube can be calculated according to the working function of transfer tube.Then,
Control transfer tube rotates according to rotating speed, it is possible to control heat exchange fluid flow to be changed according to the change of magnetic field intensity.
Specifically, if heat exchange fluid transfer tube is servopump, including the servo controller and servomotor for electrically connecting
And the liquid pump being connected with servo motor shaft, when being controlled to the heat exchange fluid transfer tube, first according to heat exchange fluid
Flow V calculates the rotating speed n of servomotor, and the output pulse width of servo controller is then calculated according to rotating speed n.Then, servo control
Device processed is exported pulse width signal control servomotor and is rotated with rotating speed n, and then controls liquid pump to be rotated according to rotating speed n, and it is right to realize
The control of heat exchange fluid flow.
Using the above method and device, heat exchange fluid flow can be controlled automatically according to the change of magnetic field intensity,
Ensure to be respectively provided with optimal heat exchange fluid flow under different magnetic field intensity, it is ensured that the refrigerating capacity and refrigeration of magnetic refrigeration apparatus are imitated
The maximization of rate.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than is limited；Although with reference to foregoing reality
Example is applied to be described in detail the present invention, for the person of ordinary skill of the art, still can be to foregoing implementation
Technical scheme described in example is modified, or carries out equivalent to which part technical characteristic；And these are changed or replace
Change, do not make the spirit and scope of the essence disengaging claimed technical solution of the invention of appropriate technical solution.
Claims (5)
1. heat exchange fluid flow control methods in a kind of magnetic refrigeration apparatus, the magnetic refrigeration apparatus include controllable magnetic field system and
Heat exchange fluid transfer tube, the magnetic field intensity T of the controllable magnetic field system is T=A*cos (wt+ θ), it is characterised in that methods described
Comprise the steps：
Obtain the angular speed w and initial phase θ of magnetic field intensity in controllable magnetic field system；
Heat exchange fluid flow V is calculated according to the following equation：V=B*cos[w(t-T0)+θ]；
The rotating speed n of the heat exchange fluid transfer tube is calculated according to heat exchange fluid flowmeter, control transfer tube rotates according to rotating speed n,
Realize the control to heat exchange fluid flow；
Wherein, A is the maximum of magnetic field intensity, and B is heat exchange fluid Flow-rate adjustment coefficient, is definite value, and T0 is the heat exchange fluid
Delay time of the heat exchange fluid changes in flow rate relative to the transfer tube rotation speed change that transfer tube is driven, is definite value.
2. control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the heat exchange fluid transfer tube includes watching for electrical connection
Take controller and servomotor and the liquid pump being connected with servo motor shaft；It is controlled to the heat exchange fluid transfer tube
When, the rotating speed n of the servomotor is first calculated according to heat exchange fluid flow V, servo controller is then calculated according to rotating speed n
Output pulse width, then, servo controller is exported pulse width signal control servomotor and is rotated with rotating speed n, and then controls liquid pump
Rotated according to rotating speed n, realize the control to heat exchange fluid flow.
3. a kind of heat exchange fluid volume control device in magnetic refrigeration apparatus, the magnetic refrigeration apparatus include controllable magnetic field system, institute
The magnetic field intensity T of controllable magnetic field system is stated for T=A*cos (wt+ θ), the control device includes heat exchange fluid transfer tube, it is special
Levy and be, the control device also includes：
Magnetic field intensity parameter acquiring and memory cell, for obtaining and preserve magnetic field intensity in the controllable magnetic field system angle speed
Degree w and initial phase θ；
Heat exchange fluid flow rate calculation unit, is connected, for according to formula V with the magnetic field intensity parameter acquiring and memory cell
=B*cos [w (t-T0)+θ] calculates heat exchange fluid flow；
Pump tachomete is driven to calculate and output unit, with the heat exchange fluid flow rate calculation unit and the heat exchange fluid transfer tube phase
Connection, for the rotating speed of the heat exchange fluid transfer tube according to heat exchange fluid flow rate calculation, and tach signal is exported to heat friendship
Liquid transfer tube is changed, to control transfer tube to be rotated according to rotating speed；
Wherein, A is the maximum of magnetic field intensity, and B is heat exchange fluid Flow-rate adjustment coefficient, is definite value, and T0 is the heat exchange fluid
Delay time of the heat exchange fluid changes in flow rate relative to the transfer tube rotation speed change that transfer tube is driven, is definite value.
4. control device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the heat exchange fluid transfer tube includes watching for electrical connection
Controller and servomotor and the liquid pump being connected with servo motor shaft are taken, the control device is also calculated including output pulse width
And output unit, it is connected with the heat exchange fluid flow rate calculation unit, according to the result meter of heat exchange fluid flow rate calculation unit
The output pulse width of the servo controller is calculated, and exports the output pulse width to the servo controller, servo controller output should
Pulse width signal controls servomotor to be rotated with rotating speed n, and then controls liquid pump to be rotated according to rotating speed n, realizes to heat exchange fluid stream
The control of amount.
5. a kind of magnetic refrigeration apparatus, including magnetic working medium, heat exchanger and controllable magnetic field system, the magnetic field of the controllable magnetic field system are strong
Degree T is T=A*cos (wt+ θ), it is characterised in that also control dress including the heat exchange fluid flow described in the claims 3 or 4
Put.
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| CN108895704B (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2020-08-18 | 西安交通大学 | Variable load control system of rotary room temperature magnetic refrigerator and control method thereof |
| CN110926057A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-27 | 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 | Magnetic refrigeration heat exchange system and control method thereof |
| CN110953759A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-03 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Magnetic refrigeration heat exchange system and control method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20180117 Address after: 266101 Haier Industrial Park, Haier Road, Laoshan District, Shandong, Qingdao, China Co-patentee after: Qingdao Hair Co., Ltd. Patentee after: haier group corporation Co-patentee after: Intellectual technology research and development Co., Ltd of Qingdao Haier Address before: 266101 Haier Industrial Park, Haier Road, Laoshan District, Shandong, Qingdao, China Co-patentee before: Qingdao Hair Co., Ltd. Patentee before: haier group corporation |