CN104806995A - Method for optimizing boiler operation under condition of varied coal quality - Google Patents
Method for optimizing boiler operation under condition of varied coal quality Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for optimizing boiler operation under the condition of varied coal quality. The method includes the steps: firstly, building a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulation and rear smoke channel thermal checking calculation coupling model: (1) acquiring key performance parameters of a certain coal type burnt by a certain coal burning boiler under a certain load based on performance test for the coal burning boiler; (2) performing CFD simulation for a boiler furnace under the same working condition according to test data acquired by the step (1), and building an accurate CFD calculation model; (3) finishing building the CFD simulation and rear smoke channel thermal checking calculation coupling model; secondly, inputting new coal quality and operation parameters to the built accurate CFD calculation model when the burnt coal quality or operation parameters of the boiler are changed, and performing an appropriate amount of simulation calculation and thermal calculation to obtain the generation condition of combustion and pollutants of the furnace and the temperature condition of a heated surface under new conditions, and accordingly selecting an optimal boiler operation mode. CFD simulation and rear smoke channel thermal checking calculation are coupled by the method capable of forecasting and guiding optimized boiler operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for instructing boiler optimization to run in the changeable situation of ature of coal, by CFD numerical simulation and boiler back end ductwork heating power calculation and check being intercoupled, obtain a kind of method being used to guide the optimizing operation of boiler in the changeable situation of ature of coal.
Technical background
In the conventional energy resource utilization of China, all based on coal all the time, this using energy source structures shape China's energy production structure, consumption structure and power supply architecture are based on coal, current coal has accounted for the share of more than 70% in the primary energy production and consumption of China, and estimate within quite long period, China's power generation energy resource forms and will continue maintenance based on the general layout of coal electricity.
Generally, for station boiler, preferably use its design coal or with design coal coal relatively, to guarantee that flameholding and each parameter are run in normal range (NR).For many years, although thermal power generation occupies the main status of China's supply of electric power always, but the boiler of power plant overwhelming majority can not fuel design coal, this is because the equilibrium of supply and demand of China's electricity coal resource constantly changes, the electricity coal supply of electricity power enterprise becomes more diversified, and due to the restriction of objective condition, the ature of coal that power plant buys can not ensure long-term stability, cause electric ature of coal amount fluctuating range to increase, ature of coal polytropy becomes Thermal Power Generation Industry comparatively distinct issues.
Be ubiquitous phenomenon because ature of coal is changeable at China's thermal power industry, also bring a series of problem in boiler running process thus.In the design process of boiler, choosing of some important parameters, such as volume heat load, burner region thermic load, Thermal load of cross-section etc. all have very important relation with the Slagging Characteristics of design coal.After determining these parameters according to design coal low heat valve and Slagging Characteristics, the structure of boiler is also determined substantially.When ature of coal changes, if comparatively large with the ature of coal performance difference of design coal, boiler combustion position in running does not often reach optimum state, affects efficiency and the safety problem of boiler.
Coking is current power plant and the ubiquitous phenomenon of industrial circle boiler, in China for judging the softening temperature (ST) of method as coal ash of the whether easy coking of coal, Chinese scholar finds according to the Slagging Characteristics statistics of 250 kinds of coal ash: as coal ash ST>1390 DEG C, the not easily slagging scorification of this coal; As coal ash ST<1260 DEG C, belong to clinker(ing) coal kind; As coal ash 1260 DEG C of <ST<1390 DEG C, then belong to medium slagging scorification coal.If the coal that boiler adopts differs comparatively large with the ST of design coal, then likely cause the serious coking of boiler, affect the safe operation of boiler.The low-load combustion-stabilizing of boiler is changeable another problem faced of ature of coal, when boiler fired coal off-design coal and when being tending towards using coal inferior, the coal powder ignition in boiler also returns influenced, just may need to throw the steady combustion of oil under higher load.
Ature of coal is changeable can have an impact to the efficiency of boiler simultaneously, after coal off-design coal, boiler operating parameter also may have greatly changed, the content meeting different from design coal of such as ature of coal low heat valve, moisture, ash content affects calculating fuel quantity and the exhaust gas volumn of boiler greatly, the thermal parameter of the theoretical temperature combustion of boiler, furnace outlet gas temperature, each heating surface and exhaust gas temperature are all had a significant impact, and then the efficiency of boiler can be affected.Research finds, when the total moisture of boiler fired coal raises 1%, boiler efficiency can reduce by 0.093%; When ash content increases by 1%, boiler efficiency can decline 0.097%.
In addition, along with people more and more pay attention to the problem of environmental pollution that fossil fuel brings, general boiler producer can select the burner, air distribution mode etc. of boiler in the hope of dropping to minimum by the oxysulfide generated in fossil fuel combustion process, nitrogen oxide according to the coal characteristics of design coal.But due to the difference of the Formed age of coal and the geological conditions of coal-forming, the fuel type NOx generation amount in the sulphur composition of Coal rank and combustion process also has larger difference.Under the situation that ature of coal is changeable, only have the upper and lower pivot angle of the burner of Correctly adjust boiler or air distribution just can better the generation of control polluted articles.
As can be seen here, what adopt certain measure to deal with the changeable problem brought of boiler fired coal is very necessary, and Chinese scholars is all to this has been large quantifier elimination.Obtaining under the present situation that ature of coal is changeable exactly of CFBB (CFB) develops fast, it is strong that CFB has coal adaptability, in burner hearth, temperature is lower, the advantages such as NOx generation amount is few, and desulfurizing agent can be added in stove and realize desulfuration in furnace, but the CFB boiler of Large Copacity high parameter is also less at present, and the unit of more than 600MW is still based on coal-powder boiler.
Ature of coal on-line analysis technology is namely by the on-line analysis of coal content and characteristic and diagnosis, and realize the Dynamic Coupling of coal and boiler combustion, the economy of raising boiler operatiopn and security, realize the situation of change according to ature of coal, carry out suitable firing optimization.It not only can make boiler controller system run under the operating mode of the best, effectively improve boiler controller system efficiency, reduce gross coal consumption rate, simultaneously for the steady combustion of boiler at low load, the putting into operation of soot blower, the adjustment of fineness of pulverized coal, the raising of coal pulverizer efficiency with realize optimizing operation all there is positive directive significance.On-line analysis technology main at present has: low-energyγ-ray anti-scattering method, energetic gamma rays annihilation radiation method, dual energy gamma ray through transmission technique, By Naa, near infrared technology etc.Although ature of coal on-line analysis technology can instruct the operation of boiler, boiler is made to reach optimization effect more difficult.
The effective measures of the changeable problem of another kind of reply ature of coal improve as-fired coal matter by coal blending.This is because the ratio that the storage capacity of China's colm accounts for coal total amount is very large, for the power plant of some burning inferior coals, in order to the performance improving coal combustion is often adulterated some good coals in colm.The Power Coal Blending Technique of China from the eighties in last century just development, technically also comparatively ripe, but the ature of coal adopted due to power plant has unstability, how to select suitable chlorine adding ratio to need development according to boiler performance.
Also scholar is had to use numerical simulation software to study the operation conditions of boiler, result shows that the method for numerical simulation is a kind of very important measure for instructing the optimizing operation of boiler, but only adopting the method for numerical simulation to fail to obtain comparatively clearly describing for the back-end ductwork heating surface parameter of boiler, is also all important operational factors concerning the fluid properties of each heating surface operations staff, flue-gas temperature.
As fully visible, ature of coal is changeable is the common problem that China's thermal power industry faces, and it is problem demanding prompt solution that boiler operatiopn how can be instructed under the condition that ature of coal is changeable can to reach optimization.
Summary of the invention
Of the present invention
objectjust be to provide a kind of method for optimizing boiler operatiopn in the changeable situation of ature of coal, it is that CFD simulation and boiler back end ductwork heating power calculation and check are coupled a kind of can predict the method and guiding boiler optimization to run.
Of the present invention
technical schemefor: a kind of method for optimizing boiler operatiopn in the changeable situation of ature of coal, the steps include:
The first step: set up CFD and simulate coupled tail flue heating power calculation and check model: its method comprises
(1), certain coal-burning boiler is being carried out on the basis of performance test, obtaining the critical performance parameters of the burning coal of this boiler under certain load;
Described critical performance parameters comprises: the import and export cigarette temperature of each heating surface of the NOx emission of furnace exit temperature, furnace outlet, boiler, flow and import and export vapor (steam) temperature, flow etc.;
(2) be, according to the experimental data of first step gained, CFD simulation is carried out to the boiler furnace under same operating mode, determine the parameter needing in CFD simulation to carry out setting adjustment, coincide better until reach for the same coal simulate effect of same load and experiment value, namely ensure that CFD numerical simulation result and error of test data are within 5%.
The main analog result of described CFD comprises: furnace flame center, the temperature field of furnace outlet, furnace outlet NOx generation amount;
(3), determining under the prerequisite that furnace outlet gas temperature and known boilers heating surface are arranged according to CFD simulation, carry out the heating power calculation and check of the burner hearth downstream heating surface of boiler, simultaneously constantly adjustment setting heat transfer parameter, until the heating surface that heating power is checked import and export cigarette temperature and test measured by value error within 5%; Complete and set up CFD simulation coupled tail flue heating power calculation and check model;
Second step: when boiler burning coal or operational factor change, only need input new ature of coal and operational factor on the basis of existing CFD result of calculation, carrying out the appropriate generation situation calculating burning and the pollutant that can obtain New Terms lower hearth is also furnace outlet gas temperature and NOx discharge; Thus the running status of prediction boiler, by changing wind powder proportioning in CFD simulation, burner swings up and down and observes boiler operation situation, achieves flameholding and pollutant emission in the reasonable scope, and then selects optimum Boiler Operation.
Of the present invention
beneficial effectfor: the inventive method burner hearth CFD that has been coupled burns the respective advantage of numerical computations and boiler tail convection heating surface Calculation of Heat Transfer, the running status of boiler when ature of coal parameter and operational factor more accurately can be changed with relative prediction fast, and then select optimum Boiler Operation, realize economy and the feature of environmental protection of boiler simultaneously.
The inventive method predicts boiler operatiopn state under the changeable condition of ature of coal, and and guide the optimizing operation of boiler significant, its summary of benefits is as follows:
1. this method be based on boiler performance experiment basis on propose, under the condition that ature of coal is changeable, can be quick, predict the running status of boiler accurately, and guide the optimizing operation of boiler;
2. this method is the mode adopting CFD numerical simulation coupled tail flue heating power calculation and check, and the hardware configuration for computer is less demanding, simple;
This method overcomes heating power calculation and check accurately cannot determine that furnace outlet gas temperature and NOx emission and CFD numerical computations accurately cannot calculate the shortcoming of convection heating surface heat-transfer character, the CFD numerical computations of hearth combustion and the Calculation of Heat Transfer of downstream convection heating surface are combined, thus exhaust gas temperature, boiler efficiency and pollutant emission can be predicted comparatively fast accurately, thus the optimizing operation of boiler under realizing the changeable condition of ature of coal.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is foundation and the use procedure schematic flow diagram that embodiment of the present invention CFD simulates that Thermodynamic calculating model checked by coupled tail flue.
Detailed description of the invention
Below for the π formula stove of certain power plant 330MW for Application Example can by reference to the accompanying drawings 1 referring to: this boiler in the stage of carrying out large repairs, in order to reduce exhaust gas temperature and desuperheating water of superheater amount, reducing part low temperature superheater heating surface, adding economizer surface.Based on boiler performance test before and after this boiler overhaul, the method for the optimization boiler operatiopn adopting the present invention to propose, verifies this method by the boiler operating parameter before and after contrast overhaul.
The first step, boiler performance test is carried out for this boiler, obtain the operation characteristic of burning certain coal of boiler before overhaul and after overhaul under 100%BRL load, comprise: the combustion characteristics in boiler furnace, the NOx emission value of furnace outlet, furnace exit temperature, the import and export cigarette temperature of each heating surface of boiler, oxygen amount and import and export vapor (steam) temperature, flow etc., in table 1;
Thermal parameter before and after the overhaul of table 1. certain power plant 330MW boiler
Second step, experimental data according to early stage carries out CFD simulation, determine to need the parameter carrying out regulating (as thermal NO x in CFD simulation, the parameters of fuel type NOx), coincide better until reach for the same coal simulate effect of same load and experiment value, then the simulation of CFD to burner hearth part completes, available analog result under 300MW load comprises: furnace outlet gas temperature 1070 DEG C, furnace flame center, burner region NOx concentration 780ppm (mg/m3), furnace outlet gas temperature deviation, furnace outlet NOx concentration is 756ppm(mg/m3).
3rd step, according under the prerequisite that furnace outlet gas temperature and the known boilers heating surface of CFD simulation are arranged, carry out the heating power calculation and check of boiler under experiment load, this process is also to the tube wall ash fouling coefficient ε of each heating surface, thermal effective coefficient ψ, correction factor φ etc. constantly finely tunes, until the heating surface error that heating power is checked is within 5%, then for completing the thermodynamic computing of back-end ductwork, available result is: each heating surface working medium out temperature, smoke entrance temperature, table 2 is the result of the test done under 220MW load and the Comparative result adopting this method to obtain,
The test data of certain boiler of power plant of table 2. under 220MW and CFD result of calculation contrast
4th step, when boiler fired coal changes, the running status that ature of coal parameter just can predict boiler is changed when CFD simulation and back-end ductwork heating power calculation and check, can by changing wind powder proportioning in CFD simulation, burner swings up and down etc., and boiler operation situation is observed in measure, and then select optimum Boiler Operation, realize economy and the feature of environmental protection of boiler simultaneously.
Claims (1)
1., for optimizing a method for boiler operatiopn in the changeable situation of ature of coal, the steps include:
The first step: set up CFD and simulate coupled tail flue heating power calculation and check model: its method comprises
(1), certain coal-burning boiler is being carried out on the basis of performance test, obtaining the critical performance parameters of the burning coal of this boiler under certain load;
Described critical performance parameters comprises: the import and export cigarette temperature of each heating surface of the NOx emission of furnace exit temperature, furnace outlet, boiler, flow and import and export vapor (steam) temperature, flow etc.;
(2) be, according to the experimental data of first step gained, CFD simulation is carried out to the boiler furnace under same operating mode, determine the parameter needing in CFD simulation to carry out setting adjustment, coincide better until reach for the same coal simulate effect of same load and experiment value, namely ensure that CFD numerical simulation result and error of test data are within 5%;
The main analog result of described CFD comprises: furnace flame center, the temperature field of furnace outlet, furnace outlet NOx generation amount;
(3), determining under the prerequisite that furnace outlet gas temperature and known boilers heating surface are arranged according to CFD simulation, carry out the heating power calculation and check of the burner hearth downstream heating surface of boiler, simultaneously constantly adjustment setting heat transfer parameter, until the heating surface that heating power is checked import and export cigarette temperature and test measured by value error within 5%; Complete and set up CFD simulation coupled tail flue heating power calculation and check model;
Second step: when boiler burning coal or operational factor change, only need input new ature of coal and operational factor on the basis of existing CFD result of calculation, carrying out the appropriate generation situation calculating burning and the pollutant that can obtain New Terms lower hearth is also furnace outlet gas temperature and NOx discharge; Thus the running status of prediction boiler, by changing wind powder proportioning in CFD simulation, burner swings up and down and observes boiler operation situation, achieves flameholding and pollutant emission in the reasonable scope, and then selects optimum Boiler Operation.
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| EP3473927A1 (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2019-04-24 | General Electric Company | Method for operating a steam generation system |
| CN111222685A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-06-02 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | Boiler wide-load NOx emission concentration prediction method based on model migration |
| CN113074459A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-07-06 | 国家能源集团新能源技术研究院有限公司 | Boiler control optimization method and system |
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