CN104792903A - Hydrocarbon source rock analysis method - Google Patents

Hydrocarbon source rock analysis method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104792903A
CN104792903A CN201410024772.9A CN201410024772A CN104792903A CN 104792903 A CN104792903 A CN 104792903A CN 201410024772 A CN201410024772 A CN 201410024772A CN 104792903 A CN104792903 A CN 104792903A
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Prior art keywords
source rock
hydrocarbon
sample
hydrocarbon source
pressure
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CN201410024772.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
蒋启贵
黎茂稳
刘鹏
陶国亮
马中良
曹婷婷
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Exploration and Production Research Institute
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Exploration and Production Research Institute
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Priority to CN201410024772.9A priority Critical patent/CN104792903A/en
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Abstract

The invention provides a hydrocarbon source rock analysis method. The method comprises the following steps: allowing a hydrocarbon source rock sample to generate gaseous hydrocarbon, a hydrocarbon source rock residual sample and selectable discharge oil under stimulated geological conditions, extracting the hydrocarbon source rock residual sample to obtain residual oil, carrying out family ingredient separation on the residual oil and the selectable discharge oil to obtain a non-hydrocarbon ingredient, detecting the non-hydrocarbon ingredient through negative ion electrospray-high resolution mass spectrometry, and analyzing organic carboxylic acid in the non-hydrocarbon ingredient; and the stimulated geological conditions comprise a fluid pressure of 25-80MPa and a lithostatic pressure of 40-100MPa. The hydrocarbon source rock analysis method is adopted to carry out detailed analysis on organic carboxylic acid compounds generated by the hydrocarbon source rock and research the generation process of the compounds. The method can provide abundant organic geochemistry information, and provides technical support for oil gas geology exploration, so the method has a wide application prospect.

Description

A kind of analytical approach of hydrocarbon source rock
Technical field
The invention belongs to petroleum exploration and development studying technological domain, the present invention also can be applicable to and the association areas such as geology, soil and environmentology.
Background technology
Oil organic carboxyl acid is the vital role material of reservoir formation of reservoir secondary porosity, is also the material impact component of oil-wet simultaneously, composes to deposit and migrate to play a significant role to oil.
Oil organic carboxyl acid has the multiple origin cause of formation, and the product being hydrocarbon primary rock producing hydrocarbon process can generate in a large number again in oil later stage biodegradation process.Forefathers' research shows, kerogen gives birth to hydrocarbon overall process all along with the generation of organic carboxyl acid, and relevant with organic matter type, abundance, degree of ripeness, temperature and carbonatite mineral content.The pyrogenous origin organic carboxyl acid of hydrocarbon source rock has complicated composition distribution and structure change, comprises fatty acid, naphthenic acid and aromatic ring sour etc., and changes with the difference of organic matter type and degree of ripeness.
Take a broad view of current acquired achievement in research, mainly detect and analyze low-molecular-weight organic carboxyl acid or acid number based on hydrocarbon source rock thermal simulation experiment and carry out synthetic study, detection method comprises and adopts chromatographic mass spectrometry method, isotachophoresis, the chromatography of ions and high performance liquid chromatography etc.
In " geochemistry " (1994,23(2), 154-160 page) in disclose pyrolysis sample be kerogen preparation powder-like, divide 50 DEG C, 250 DEG C, 300 DEG C three temperature spots, add appropriate distilled water, airtight constant temperature 72h, after naturally cooling to room temperature, carry out vacuum filtration to analog sample, filtrate adopts isotachophoresis mensuration low-molecular-weight organic carboxyl acid wherein.At " geochemistry " (2011,40(4), 381-386 page) in disclose and directly adopt mud stone landwaste to carry out there is aquathermolysis, several frequently seen low-molecular-weight organic carboxyl acid in determination experiment rear solution.
Existing research method exists obviously not enough, and one is that hydrocarbon source rock generates organic carboxyl acid process simulation and do not consider various geological boundry condition, experimental result and geology is actual is not inconsistent; Two is the information can only analyzing the low-molecular-weight organic carboxyl acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, can not carry out deep anatomy to hydrocarbon source rock in the component type (fatty acid, naphthenic acid and aromatic ring acid etc.) of different evolution stages organic carboxyl acid and carbon number distribution etc.Therefore, a kind of analytical approach of hydrocarbon source rock of excellence is badly in need of in this area.
Summary of the invention
Organic carboxyl acid process is generated for dissecting hydrocarbon source rock, research oil organic carboxyl acid formation mechenism, analyze the geological controlling factors in the component type of oil organic carboxyl acid and generative process thereof, the present invention intends overcoming the deficiency that existing hydrocarbon source rock generates the analytical approach of organic carboxyl acid process, in conjunction with geology reality, take into full account each arbitrary boundary conditions, carry out the simulated experiment that hydrocarbon source rock generates organic carboxyl acid process, analog product is effectively collected, negative electrospray-high resolution mass spectrum technology is adopted to carry out analysis interpretation to different evolution stages organic carboxyl acid component, set up the analytical approach that advanced hydrocarbon source rock generates organic carboxyl acid process, realize detailed dissection hydrocarbon source rock being generated to organic carboxyl acid component, for research organic carboxyl acid is to the secondary transformation effect of reservoir pore space, the mobility of oil and the dust trajectory of oil study and oil exploitation provides guidance, for petroleum exploration and development provides science and technology to support.
The invention provides a kind of analytical approach of hydrocarbon source rock, first described method comprises makes source rock sample under simulation geologic condition, generate gaseous hydrocarbon, the residual sample of hydrocarbon source rock and selectable discharge oil, then from hydrocarbon source rock residual sample, extracting obtains oil residues, again described oil residues and described selectable discharge oil are carried out Group component separation and obtain non-hydrocarbon component, afterwards described non-hydrocarbon component detected through negative electrospray-high resolution mass spectrum and analyze organic carboxyl acid wherein; And described simulation geologic condition comprises hydrodynamic pressure is 25 ~ 80MPa, lithostatic pressure is 40 ~ 100MPa.
In the analytic process of hydrocarbon source rock in the present invention, under simulation geologic condition, corresponding temperature of reaction will apparently higher than the temperature of reaction under actual geologic condition, make source rock sample to be analyzed in the present invention at high temperature just ripe within the short time like this, under described simulation geologic condition, corresponding temperature of reaction is 250 ~ 650 DEG C.
In the present invention, easy understand, when in hydrocarbon source rock, organic carbon content is higher, namely its organism abundance is high, then under simulation geologic condition of the present invention, discharge oil can generate after certain thermotonus a period of time; And on the contrary, if organic carbon content is lower in hydrocarbon source rock, namely its organism abundance is low, then under simulation geologic condition of the present invention, discharge oil not generate after certain thermotonus a period of time, or the oily total amount that this hydrocarbon source rock generates is few, mainly by hydrocarbon source rock absorption itself, and be present in the residual sample of hydrocarbon source rock.
The molecular composition being combined into the polarity heteroatomic compound in research oil and the Structure Deduction of electrospray techniques (ESI) and Fourier Transform Ion cyclotron Resonance mass spectrum (FT-ICR MS is called for short high resolution mass spectrum) provide technical support.Negative ion ESI FT-IC MS is suitable for analyzing the acidic heteroatom compound in oil sample very much, can when without the detailed molecular composition obtaining oil carboxylic acid when being separated in advance.But at present in the analytical approach of hydrocarbon source rock, there are no use negative ion ESIFT-IC MS, its non-hydrocarbon component generated is carried out to the report of analysis and resolution, more can not carry out negative ion ESI FT-IC MS analysis and obtain the analysis result of its organic carboxyl acid by the with good grounds non-hydrocarbon component that hydrocarbon source rock is produced, and this result being used further to the report of oil-gas exploration guidance.
In a specific embodiment, described simulation geologic condition comprises the hydrodynamic pressure point of more than four and the lithostatic pressure force of more than four.Under simulation geologic condition, corresponding temperature of reaction comprises the temperature spot of more than four in 250 ~ 400 DEG C.
In a kind of embodiment of the present invention, first select a kind of degree of ripeness as far as possible low source rock sample use method of the present invention to analyze, obtain the width DBE-carbon number spectrogram that each testing site in multiple testing site (temperature spot) is corresponding.After the DBE-carbon number spectrogram obtaining several organic carboxyl acids corresponding, set up the type hydrocarbon source rock generates organic carboxyl acid type and abundance relation map in different evolution stages (degree of ripeness).Other source rock sample to be measured of the methods analyst in the present invention can be used again, now requirement is not done to the degree of ripeness of source rock sample, after analysis obtains its DBE-carbon number spectrogram, itself and several DBE-carbon number spectrograms obtained before are compared, just can learn the degree of ripeness of this source rock sample; Also to the source rock sample of identical type, by the mensuration of degree of ripeness, in conjunction with the relation map set up, its type generating organic carboxyl acid and abundance messages can be familiar with.Undertaken analyzing by multiple source rock samples of diverse location in formation and after obtaining above-mentioned information, oil-gas exploration process can be instructed.
In addition, use the hydrocarbon source rock analytical approach in the present invention, by learning the DBE-carbon number spectrogram result of multiple testing site (temperature spot) organic carboxyl acid, hydrocarbon source rock generates organic acid process and not only generates in certain stage (time period), but all can generate organic acid continuously in the process of the whole maturation of hydrocarbon source rock.Wherein, mainly generate fatty acid time hydrocarbon source conditions is low, then mainly generate naphthenic acid, the hydrocarbon source rock that degree of ripeness is high just can generate aromatic ring acid.
In concrete embodiment, described organic carboxyl acid comprise in fatty acid, naphthenic acid and aromatic ring acid one or more.
The step that described source rock sample generates gaseous hydrocarbon, the residual sample of hydrocarbon source rock and selectable discharge oil under simulation geologic condition comprises:
Steps A: described source rock sample is made as cylindrical samples;
Step B: described cylindrical samples is put into sample chamber, then sample chamber is installed in a kettle., after sealing of exerting pressure, be filled with high-pressure inert gas, carry out leak test inspection, guarantee air tight rear releasing gas, inflate again with after vacuum pump evacuation, 3 ~ 5 times repeatedly, be finally evacuated;
Step C: inject water under high pressure with high-pressure pump, makes to be full of completely by water in the pore space of described sample, arranges hydrodynamic pressure;
Step D: compacting heats up: the lithostatic pressure described sample being applied to setting carries out compacting, temperature programme simultaneously (such as by the heating rate of 1 DEG C/min), to the analog temperature of setting, carries out constant temperature maintenance (such as 48h) after reaching analog temperature again;
Step e: collect the residual sample of hydrocarbon source rock and selectable discharge oil.
Those skilled in the art's easy understand, in step, when simulation geologic condition of the present invention comprises multiple testing site (as temperature spot), each temperature spot needs preparation cylindrical samples.
The present invention also provides a kind of Petroleum Exploration Methods, comprises and first obtains source rock sample, and with source rock sample described in methods analyst described above.
In the analytical approach of hydrocarbon source rock of the present invention, adopt negative electrospray-high resolution mass spectrum analytical technology to carry out analysis to the organic carboxyl acid in described non-hydrocarbon component and detect.Adopt the analytical approach of hydrocarbon source rock of the present invention can such as, according to the various experiment parameter of geology condition setting, hydrodynamic pressure, lithostatic pressure and temperature of reaction.Adopt high resolution mass spectrum directly can carry out acid compound analysis to product non-hydrocarbon component, can dissect the molecular composition of different evolution stages organic carboxyl acid and difference in detail, research hydrocarbon source rock generates organic carboxyl acid process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is O in the non-hydrocarbon component of 8 testing sites in the embodiment of the present invention 1 2compounds carbon number and DBE distribution characteristics; In Fig. 1, the horizontal ordinate of a ~ d is carbon number, and ordinate is DBE value.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
Carried out the process analysis procedure analysis of generation organic carboxyl acid to picking up from Huadian, Jilin grey mudstone sample, sample TOC is 0.89%, Ro is 0.46%, S 2for 1.16mg/g, HI are 130, organic matter type III.Study sample is provided with from 250 DEG C-400 DEG C totally 8 temperature spots (testing site), and arranging of the temperature of reaction of each testing site, hydrodynamic pressure and lithostatic pressure is as shown in table 1.Lithostatic pressure in table 1 is the lithostatic pressure in simulation actual formation, along with the darker then lithostatic pressure of buried depth of strata is larger; Hydrodynamic pressure in table 1 is also the hydrodynamic pressure in simulation stratum, border, and the hydrodynamic pressure in actual formation might not be directly proportional to buried depth of strata completely.Generate organic carboxyl acid in the steps below.
Table 1
Analog temperature DEG C Hydrodynamic pressure MPa Lithostatic pressure MPa
250 21.03 46.00
275 27.24 50.60
300 43.22 52.90
320 43.08 55.20
340 56.94 64.40
360 52.68 73.60
380 54.27 82.80
400 70.92 88.55
1) sample preparation dress sample: the direct cut-off footpath of core sample is the right cylinder of 3.5cm, and sample length is not more than 10cm, and each testing site prepares a sample.Powdered sample in this way, then require that each testing site is got a copy of it powder-like and loaded sample sample preparation chamber, and being pressed into diameter by certain mechanical pressure is that the small cylinder sample of 3.5cm is for subsequent use;
2) temperature-pressure simulation
1. leak test: prefabricated core sample is put into sample chamber, then sample chamber is installed in a kettle., exert pressure after sealing, be filled with the N of 5-10MPa 2, carry out leak test inspection, guarantee air tight rear releasing gas, inflate again with after vacuum pump evacuation, 3 ~ 5 times repeatedly, be finally evacuated;
2. water filling and hydrodynamic pressure: the water under high pressure (simulated formation water) injecting 60-80MPa with high-pressure pump, allow compacting core sample pore space in be full of completely by water, hydrodynamic pressure installation warrants sample actual formation buried depth and determining, usually every km 10MP, records hydrodynamic pressure at that time after arriving simulated experiment point;
3. compacting heats up: the lithostatic pressure that the pole pair core sample of exerting pressure starting bidirectional hydraulic press applies setting carries out compacting, and simultaneously start-up temperature controller and constant temperature oven rise to the temperature of setting by the heating rate of 1 DEG C/min, to reach after design temperature constant temperature 48h again.Change next sample again after each analog sample experiment and carry out simulated experiment, until reach its analog temperature arranged;
3) collection of products
Because the source rock sample organic carbon content in the present embodiment is lower, do not obtain in simulation process discharging oil, thus organic carboxyl acid is all composed and is stored in the residual sample of hydrocarbon source rock.Carry out Group component separation again after chloroform (bitumen A) extracting is carried out to the residual sample of hydrocarbon source rock after each temperature spot simulation, obtain non-hydrocarbon component.Chloroform (bitumen A) extracting and family component separation method adopt oil and gas industry standard SY/T5119-2008 " in rock soluble organic and By Various Groups In Crude Oil analysis " standard method.
Get the above-mentioned non-hydrocarbon component of about 10mg to be respectively dissolved in 1mL toluene and to form sample solution, get wherein 20 μ L sample solutions again and be dissolved in 1mL toluene again: methyl alcohol (volume ratio is 1:1) mixed solution, 10 μ L28% ammoniacal liquor are added in gained solution, vibration makes it mix gently, then carries out the analysis of negative electrospray high resolution mass spectrum.High-resolution mass spectrometer is U.S. Brooker solariX type FT-ICRMS, magnetic field intensity 12.0T.Adopt ESI ionization source, negative ion mode.FT-ICR MS key instrument parameter: sample introduction speed 180 μ L/h, polarizing voltage 4000V, capillary inlet voltage 4500V, capillary outlet voltage-320V, ion gun sextupole bar accumulated time 0.01s, ion gun sextupole bar DC voltage 2.4V, radio-frequency voltage 300Vp-p; Quadrupole rod Q1m/z300, radio frequency 400Vp-p; Collision pond argon flow amount 0.3Ls -1, collision energy-1.5V, storage collection time 0.2s, excite decay 11.75dB, acquisition quality scope 200-900Da, sampling number 4M, and scanning chart adding 64 times is to improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).
After high resolution mass spectrum data processing, can obtain the DBE value (equivalent double key number is also the number of ring and double bond in molecule) of different tests point non-hydrocarbon component, DBE value is more than or equal to the O of 1 2the variation characteristic of compounds (organic carboxyl acid) molecular weight and DBE as shown in Figure 1.Wherein DBE equal 1 for fatty acid, what DBE equaled 2-4 is the naphthenic acid of 1-3 ring, DBE equal 5 may be Fourth Ring naphthenic acid or gonane acid, DBE equal 6 may be five rings naphthenic acid or hopanoic, DBE is greater than the compound structure after 6 and not easily determines, its structure should be aromatic ring acid.As can be seen from Figure 1, O 2dBE=1 ~ 21 of compounds, carbon number is between 10 to 58.When the highest analog temperature point, DBE is the highest, and molecule condensation level is maximum, and molecule carbon number is less than 40, main O 2compounds carbon number is between 25-30.It can thus be appreciated that, O in non-hydrocarbon products of low evolutionary phase 2compounds is long-chain fatty acid mainly, and with the increase of analog temperature, naphthenic acid and aromatic ring acid start to generate, but the naphthenic acid growing amount of 1-3 ring is few, analog temperature reaches the main raw hydrocarbon phase after 320 DEG C, and it is very few that fatty acid and naphthenic acid generate ratio, and aromatic ring acid starts a large amount of generation; And with the further increase of evolution grade, aromatic ring acid condensation degree increases, and on ring, side chain ruptures in a large number, and molecular weight reduces, be based on the low-molecular-weight aromatic ring acid of high condensation degree substantially to 400 DEG C.
Adopt the analytical approach of hydrocarbon source rock of the present invention can generate organic carboxylic acid compounds to hydrocarbon source rock to dissect in detail, study its organic carboxyl acid generative process.The method is that the polar compound in research hydrocarbon primary rock producing hydrocarbon process provides a kind of brand new technical means.Especially for the exploratory development of unconventional shale oil gas, organic carboxylic acid compounds improves except rock forming mineral micropore structure except participating in directly, the generation type of polar compound (comprising organic carboxyl acid) and Plantago fengdouensis directly affect wetting state and the occurrence status of oil shale fuel, and these are the key factors determining oil shale fuel mobility.The organic geochemistry information using hydrocarbon source rock analytical approach of the present invention can provide abundant, for petroleum and gas geology and exploration provides technical support, therefore has a extensive future.

Claims (7)

1. the analytical approach of a hydrocarbon source rock, it is characterized in that, first described method comprises makes source rock sample under simulation geologic condition, generate gaseous hydrocarbon, the residual sample of hydrocarbon source rock and selectable discharge oil, then from hydrocarbon source rock residual sample, extracting obtains oil residues, again described oil residues and described selectable discharge oil are carried out Group component separation and obtain non-hydrocarbon component, afterwards described non-hydrocarbon component detected through negative electrospray-high resolution mass spectrum and analyze organic carboxyl acid wherein; And described simulation geologic condition comprises hydrodynamic pressure is 25 ~ 80MPa, lithostatic pressure is 40 ~ 100MPa.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, under described simulation geologic condition, corresponding temperature of reaction is 250 ~ 650 DEG C.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described simulation geologic condition comprises the hydrodynamic pressure point of more than four and the lithostatic pressure force of more than four.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, under simulation geologic condition, corresponding temperature of reaction comprises the temperature spot of more than four in 250 ~ 400 DEG C.
5., according to the method in Claims 1 to 4 described in any one, it is characterized in that, described organic carboxyl acid comprise in fatty acid, naphthenic acid and aromatic ring acid one or more.
6. according to the method in Claims 1 to 5 described in any one, it is characterized in that, the step that described source rock sample generates gaseous hydrocarbon, the residual sample of hydrocarbon source rock and selectable discharge oil under simulation geologic condition comprises:
Steps A: described source rock sample is made as cylindrical samples;
Step B: described cylindrical samples is put into sample chamber, then sample chamber is installed in a kettle., after sealing of exerting pressure, be filled with high-pressure inert gas, carry out leak test inspection, guarantee air tight rear releasing gas, inflate again with after vacuum pump evacuation, 3 ~ 5 times repeatedly, be finally evacuated;
Step C: inject water under high pressure with high-pressure pump, makes to be full of completely by water in the pore space of described sample, arranges hydrodynamic pressure;
Step D: compacting heats up: the lithostatic pressure described sample being applied to setting carries out compacting, temperature programme simultaneously, to the analog temperature of setting, carries out constant temperature maintenance after reaching analog temperature again;
Step e: collect the residual sample of hydrocarbon source rock and selectable discharge oil.
7. a Petroleum Exploration Methods, comprises and first obtains source rock sample, and with as source rock sample as described in methods analyst as described in any one in claim 1 ~ 6.
CN201410024772.9A 2014-01-20 2014-01-20 Hydrocarbon source rock analysis method Pending CN104792903A (en)

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Cited By (8)

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CN107643342A (en) * 2016-07-21 2018-01-30 中国石油化工股份有限公司 The analysis method of hopanoid compound in a kind of petroleum geology sample
CN107798211A (en) * 2017-10-17 2018-03-13 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 The determination method and apparatus of the organic acid growing amount of organic matter in underground hydrocarbon source rock stratum
CN109423332A (en) * 2017-09-01 2019-03-05 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of separation system and its separation method of continuous separation petroleum Group Component
CN109423331A (en) * 2017-09-01 2019-03-05 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of separation system and its separation method of petroleum Group Component
CN110470762A (en) * 2019-08-22 2019-11-19 陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司研究院 A method of it improving aromatic hydrocarbons parameter quantitative and evaluates hydrocarbon source conditions accuracy
CN114428089A (en) * 2020-09-15 2022-05-03 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method and device for evaluating types of shale source rocks, electronic equipment and medium

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105738508A (en) * 2016-02-15 2016-07-06 中国石油大学(北京) Organic geochemistry characteristic analysis method for hydrocarbon source rock of fractured shale oil reservoir without external hydrocarbon influence
CN107643357A (en) * 2016-07-21 2018-01-30 中国石油化工股份有限公司 The analysis method of steroid alkyl compound in a kind of petroleum geology sample
CN107643342A (en) * 2016-07-21 2018-01-30 中国石油化工股份有限公司 The analysis method of hopanoid compound in a kind of petroleum geology sample
CN107643342B (en) * 2016-07-21 2020-05-22 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Analysis method of hopane compounds in petroleum geological sample
CN109423332A (en) * 2017-09-01 2019-03-05 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of separation system and its separation method of continuous separation petroleum Group Component
CN109423331A (en) * 2017-09-01 2019-03-05 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of separation system and its separation method of petroleum Group Component
CN109423332B (en) * 2017-09-01 2020-08-04 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Separation system and separation method for continuously separating petroleum group components
CN109423331B (en) * 2017-09-01 2020-08-04 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Separation system and separation method for petroleum family components
CN107798211A (en) * 2017-10-17 2018-03-13 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 The determination method and apparatus of the organic acid growing amount of organic matter in underground hydrocarbon source rock stratum
CN110470762A (en) * 2019-08-22 2019-11-19 陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司研究院 A method of it improving aromatic hydrocarbons parameter quantitative and evaluates hydrocarbon source conditions accuracy
CN114428089A (en) * 2020-09-15 2022-05-03 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method and device for evaluating types of shale source rocks, electronic equipment and medium
CN114428089B (en) * 2020-09-15 2023-11-28 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Clay hydrocarbon source rock classification rock type evaluation method and device, electronic equipment and medium

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