CN104792218A - Method and device for utilizing magneto-thermal convection to intensify low-temperature oxygen-containing fluid heat transfer - Google Patents
Method and device for utilizing magneto-thermal convection to intensify low-temperature oxygen-containing fluid heat transfer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104792218A CN104792218A CN201510191991.0A CN201510191991A CN104792218A CN 104792218 A CN104792218 A CN 104792218A CN 201510191991 A CN201510191991 A CN 201510191991A CN 104792218 A CN104792218 A CN 104792218A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for utilizing magneto-thermal convection to intensify low-temperature oxygen-containing fluid heat transfer. The device comprises two end sockets provided with heat transfer fluid outlets and inlets, and a heat transfer core located between the two end sockets. Heat transfer passages communicated with the corresponding heat transfer fluid outlets and inlets are arranged inside the heat transfer core respectively, and at least one heat transfer passage is filled with oxygen-containing low-temperature fluid. The device for utilizing magneto-thermal convection to intensify low-temperature oxygen-containing fluid heat transfer further comprises a magnetic field generation device for generating gradient magnetic field acting force on the low-temperature oxygen-containing fluid. The invention further discloses a method for utilizing magneto-thermal convection to intensify low-temperature oxygen-containing fluid heat transfer. According to the device and the method for utilizing magneto-thermal convection to intensify low-temperature oxygen-containing fluid heat transfer, a high gradient magnetic field is formed on the heat transfer surface of the outer magnet surrounding the heat transfer core, convection heat transfer is intensified on the premise of not changing the structure of a heat transfer and not introducing extra resistance, the heat transfer efficiency is improved, and the size and energy consumption of a heat exchanger are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cryogenic media heat exchange, particularly relate to the method and the device that utilize thermomagnetic convection to strengthen the heat transfer of low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid.
Background technology
Heat exchanger is the main place realizing cold fluid and hot fluid exchange heat.Cryogenic heat exchanger occupies critical role in the large scale industry flow process taking air separation as representative.In air compressing process, need casing cooling, interstage cooler to improve compression efficiency; Need to arrange main heat exchanger in air liquefaction circulation; The main condenser evaporimeter etc. in the middle part of liquefier, subcooler and rectifying device is had again in the ice chest of air-separating plant.The performance of these heat exchangers directly affects stable operation and the economic indicator of whole system.
When heat exchanger works in the low temperature environment of below 120K, generally there is following features:
(1) heat exchange efficiency require high, cryogenic heat exchanger consumption be low temperature cold, temperature is lower, refrigeration cost cost higher.Therefore in order to reduce the energy loss in heat transfer process, just require that heat transfer temperature difference reduces as far as possible, heat exchange efficiency is as far as possible high.This high-efficiency compact formula heat exchanger being also cost is very high is widely used in the main cause of cryogenic system.
(2) allow resistance little, the resistance of heat exchanger directly affects energy consumption, and especially in low-pressure industrial flow process, the resistance of heat exchanger is very harsh, and the allowable pressure drop under heavy traffic condition only has 0.01 ~ 0.02MPa.
(3) based on heat convection, from heat transfer type, because temperature is very low, the ratio shared by radiation heat transfer is very little, can ignore.Heat transfer type is based on convection current.In order to enhanced heat exchange, reduce energy consumption, must convection transfer rate be improved.
In sum, for the heat exchanger worked under low temperature environment, each side requires all harsher.In large-scale air separator, due to the restriction of integral solder technique and communications and transportation, the volume for heat exchanger also has strict requirement.Therefore in existing processing technology with under allowing volume prerequisite, improve cryogenic heat exchanger efficiency, and then reduce energy consumption, boost productivity, there is realistic meaning.For plate-fin heat exchanger modal in space division system, the measure of current augmentation of heat transfer mainly contains:
(1) increase heat transfer area, heat transfer area is larger, and the heat transmitted is more, and the fin in plate-fin heat exchanger just serves the effect increasing heat exchange area.At present, heat exchange area increases the restriction being mainly subject to processing technique and heat exchanger volume.
(2) strengthen the temperature difference, arrange by rationally compact runner and realize, current comparative maturity, but the increase of heat transfer temperature difference also can bring certain irreversible loss.
(3) strengthen heat convection, destroy boundary layer mainly through sawtooth, ripple, perforated fin, if Li Qing etc. is propose mixed type fin in the patent document of CN 201410364670.1 at application number.Be the main trend of current heat exchanger strengthening, shortcoming to introduce additional friction, destroys heat exchanger intensity.
Heat exchanger in air separating technological, the medium participating in heat exchange is generally liquid oxygen or oxygen-bearing fluid.These media, due to containing a large amount of oxygen molecules, generally have over paramagnetism, can be attracted by magnet.Utilize this character can control the flowing of oxygen, even realizing if application number is CN200510086240.9 and application number is the magnetic oxygen separating proposed in the patent document of CN200820010636.4.Yang Kunlun etc. are propose a kind of magnetic fluid heat-exchange system comprising heater, magnetic pole and closed loop in the patent document of CN 200610165529.4 at application number, achieve the convective loop that in fixing loop, mechanical drives.
Thermomagnetic convection is not also utilized to strengthen the method for low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid heat transfer and the relevant report of device at present.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve the operational efficiency of cryogenic heat exchanger further, the thermomagnetic convection that utilizes the invention provides a kind of noncontact, heat exchange efficiency is high, volume is little, flow resistance is little, adding energy consumption low strengthens the method and apparatus of low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid heat transfer.
Utilize thermomagnetic convection to strengthen a device for low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid heat transfer, comprise two end sockets with heat exchanging fluid gateway, and the heat exchange core body between two end sockets; The heat exchanger channels be communicated with corresponding heat exchanging fluid gateway is respectively provided with in described heat exchange core body, have at least for containing oxygen cryogen in one group of heat exchanger channels, the described device utilizing thermomagnetic convection to strengthen the heat transfer of low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid also comprises the described field generator for magnetic producing Actions of Gradient Magnetic Field power containing oxygen cryogen.
In field of low-temperature refrigeration, cryogen generally refers to liquid oxygen, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, helium, and composition thereof etc.What the present invention mentioned generally refer to liquid oxygen containing oxygen cryogen or other such as, containing oxygen fluid-mixing, liquid air etc.
Liquid oxygen is a kind of over paramagnetism fluid, participates in the magnetizing force will be subject to towards magnetic field intensity augment direction containing oxygen cryogen of heat exchange.Meanwhile, because paramagnetic gas defers to Curie's law (magnetic susceptibility and thermodynamic temperature are inversely proportional to), under low temperature, the magnetic susceptibility of oxygen will significantly improve, and during temperature-183.15 DEG C, the volume susceptibility of liquid oxygen is 0.00345.On the contrary, other common pure matter liquid only has quite faint diamagnetism, and magnitude of magnetic susceptibility is temperature independent.
If there is a non-uniform magnetic-field to be placed near paramagnetism fluid, paramagnetism fluid flows to high magnetic flux density region by magnetic field suction.As flowing while to fluid heating, fluid temperature (F.T.) raise, the attraction by magnetic field reduces, thus the cold fluid being subject to magnetic susceptibility below high is pushed, discharge high magnetic flux density region.So under the comprehensive function of non-uniform magnetic-field and hot-fluid, constantly have paramagnetism fluid to flow through non-uniform magnetic-field, this phenomenon is called as thermomagnetic convection or claims magnetic wind.
Operation principle of the present invention is by applying non-uniform magnetic-field to paramagnetic low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid, make because thermomagnetic convection phenomenon forms the eddy current of many instability in heat exchanger channels, thus realize the object realizing destruction boundary layer, increase convection transfer rate under the prerequisite not changing heat exchanger frame for movement.
As preferably, described magnetic field generation device comprises:
Be enclosed in the outer magnet of heat exchange core body periphery;
Be positioned at the magnetic field of outer magnet, and near one or more inner magnets that heat exchanger channels sidewall is arranged.
Wherein outer magnet carries externally-applied magnetic field, and inner magnet can possess magneticaction under additional magnetic fields.Inner magnet of the present invention is generally soft magnetic bodies, and when outer magnet works, inner magnet possesses magnetic, and when the externally-applied magnetic field active force of outer magnet disappears, the magnetic force of inner magnet also disappears.Under the effect of externally-applied magnetic field, described inner magnet surface will form very high magnetic field gradient.In addition, inner magnet is generally arranged on those for the heat exchanger channels adjacent sidewalls passed through containing oxygen cryogen, provides magnetic force to cryogenic oxygen atom.
As preferably, described outer magnet is superconducting magnet.Under the device itself utilizing thermomagnetic convection to strengthen the heat transfer of low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid of the present invention is in low temperature, without the need to extra superconduction cooling device, very high magnetic field intensity can be obtained under the prerequisite consuming little energy.
As preferably, described inner magnet is the magnetic conductive part independent of heat exchanger channels.Now, can independently arrange between inner magnet and heat exchanger channels, as preferred further, described magnetic conductive part is axially consistent with heat exchanger channels length direction multiple independently magnetic conductive rods, and multiple magnetic conductive rod is evenly arranged along heat exchanger channels sidewall circumference.
As preferably, described inner magnet is the magnetic conduction bar be wholely set with heat exchanger channels sidewall, mutually isolated between multiple magnetic conduction bar.Add man-hour, the sheet stamping being coated with magnetic conductive metal as permeability magnetic material or surface by this is made, and under the effect of externally-applied magnetic field, described heat exchange core body will form very high magnetic field gradient.
As preferably, the length direction of described magnetic conduction bar is consistent with heat exchanger channels length direction, and multiple magnetic conduction bar is evenly arranged along heat exchanger channels sidewall circumference.Adopt this technical scheme, can ensure to produce unstable eddy current containing in oxygen cryogen.
As preferably, described heat exchange core body comprises:
Some dividing plates be arranged in parallel;
Be disposed on the fin between adjacent two dividing plates;
The both sides of each fin are fixed with adjacent two dividing plates respectively, are provided with heat exchanger channels between fin and dividing plate.
In technique scheme, described heat exchange core body is stacked alternately by multiple fin and dividing plate and forms, and each fin both sides are connected with strip of paper used for sealing.The present invention is contactless recuperator, participates in the wall of heat exchange with magnetic field, and stronger the closer to the magnetic field intensity at wall place.Described fin is the forms such as plain fin, corrugated fin or perforated fin, and described heat exchange core body is by technology welding formings such as vacuum brazing or diffusion fusion welderings.One or more strands of heat transfer mediums in plate-fin heat exchanger are for containing oxygen cryogen.
In the present invention, as required, can dispensing section and flow deflector be set between end socket and heat exchange core body, for realizing being communicated with of heat exchanger channels and heat exchanging fluid gateway in heat exchange core body.
Present invention also offers a kind of method utilizing thermomagnetic convection to strengthen the heat transfer of low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid, comprising: two strands or multiply heat exchanging fluid are carried out contactless heat exchange, have one heat exchanging fluid in these two strands or multiply heat exchanging fluid at least for containing oxygen cryogen; In heat transfer process, apply Actions of Gradient Magnetic Field power to containing oxygen cryogen, make the oxygen cryogen that contains by Actions of Gradient Magnetic Field power produce eddy current, hot fluid is released thermal temperature and is reduced, and cold fluid absorbs thermal temperature rising, to complete heat transfer simultaneously.
See Fig. 4, in the present invention, for a heat exchanger channels, the temperature away from the A place fluid of wall is lower, is subject to the very strong magnetizing force towards wall, thus flows towards the direction of wall; The heat Q transmitted close to the absorption of fluids wall of wall near the B place of wall and temperature raises, magnetic susceptibility reduces, and the magnetizing force be subject to weakens, and is laterally moved to C under the promotion of A place fluid; In motion process, fluid temperature (F.T.) raises further, and because cold fluid constantly pours into wall, C place fluid is squeezed and moves to D away from wall; Due to the effect of inertia, and the fluid run off in order to supplementary A place, the fluid at D place moves to A, and peripherad cold fluid releases heat in this course, temperature reduction, thus completes a circulation.In described heat exchanger channels, can form many similar unstable eddy current, thus ceaselessly destroy the laminar boundary layer near wall, therefore the Convective Heat Transfer in fluid is strengthened, and the heat exchange efficiency of whole heat exchanger is improved.
The present invention forms high-gradient magnetic field by making heat exchange surface around the outer magnet of heat exchange core body, do not change heat exchanger structure, do not introduce additional friction prerequisite under realize the strengthening of heat convection, improve heat exchange efficiency.Often using liquid oxygen or oxygen-bearing fluid as heat-exchange working medium in the low-temperature industrial flow processs such as air separation, and possess the low temperature environment needed for the work of superconduction kicker magnet, with the present invention, there is good associativity.
Method and the device utilizing the heat transfer of thermomagnetic convection strengthening low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid of the present invention, non-uniform magnetic-field is applied by heat exchanging medium, make the eddy current forming many instability in heat exchanger channels, thus the object realizing destroying boundary layer under the prerequisite not changing heat exchanger frame for movement, increase convection transfer rate.Cryogenic heat exchanger in the present invention has the advantages that heat exchange efficiency is high, volume is little, flow resistance is little, additional energy consumption is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation utilizing thermomagnetic convection to strengthen the device of low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid heat transfer;
Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional view of device described in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional structure diagram of individual layer heat exchanger channels in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the thermomagnetic convection schematic diagram in Fig. 3 in single heat exchanger channels;
Fig. 5 is thermomagnetic convection VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION simulation result in rectangularl runner;
Fig. 6 is the cross section average temperature distribution figure of streamwise in rectangularl runner in Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of simulator in embodiment.
Fig. 8 is the magnetic line of force distribution map of simulator in embodiment.
In above-mentioned accompanying drawing;
1. fin, 2. dividing plate, 3. strip of paper used for sealing, 4. heat exchange core body, 5. outer magnet, 6. dispensing section, 7. end socket, 8. flow deflector, 9. inner magnet, 10. heat exchanger channels.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described:
A kind of method utilizing thermomagnetic convection to strengthen the heat transfer of low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid, comprise two strands or multiply low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid carries out contactless heat exchange in heat exchanger channels, then hot fluid releases thermal temperature reduction, cold fluid absorbs thermal temperature and raises, and is provided with the gradient magnetic that can produce active force to oxygen molecule in cold fluid and hot fluid heat exchange area.
Above-mentioned contactless heat exchange can be carried out in contactless recuperator, participates in the wall of heat exchange with magnetic field, and stronger the closer to the magnetic field intensity at wall place.Oxygen due to liquid state is a kind of over paramagnetism liquid, the magnetizing force that the oxygen-bearing fluid participating in heat exchange will be subject to towards magnetic field intensity augment direction.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, realize a kind of thermomagnetic convection strengthening low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid heat transfer unit (HTU) of above-mentioned thermomagnetic convection strengthening low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid heat-transferring method, comprise plate-fin heat exchanger, plate-fin heat exchanger comprises heat exchange core body 4, outer magnet 5, end socket 7, dispensing section 6 and is arranged on the inner magnet being engaged in outer magnet 5 in heat exchange core body 4 and forming gradient magnetic in heat exchanger channels.End socket 7 is provided with heat exchanging fluid a, the import and export of b, c, d, one or more strands of for containing oxygen cryogen in a, b, c, d.End socket 7 is connected with dispensing section 6, and dispensing section 6 is connected with heat exchange core body 4, for heat exchanging fluid a, and the import and export of b, c, d and being communicated with of heat exchanger channels in heat exchange core body 4.Outer magnet 5 is arranged around heat exchange core body 4, thus provides magnetic field in heat exchange core body 4 inside, and internal magnets, under outer magnet 5 magnetic fields, forms gradient magnetic in heat exchanger channels.
Simultaneously see Fig. 3, heat exchange core body 4 is stacked alternately by multiple fin 1 and dividing plate 2 and forms, and each fin 1 both sides are connected with strip of paper used for sealing 3, by technology welding formings such as vacuum brazing or diffusion fusion welderings between fin 1, dividing plate 2, strip of paper used for sealing 3.The heat exchanger channels of multiple rectangle is formed between fin 1 and two dividing plates 2 of both sides.Fin 1 is the forms such as plain fin, corrugated fin or perforated fin.
Outer magnet 5 can adopt superconducting coil to make, such as, can adopt commercially available superconducting magnet.Under heat exchanger itself is in low temperature, without the need to extra superconduction cooling device, very high magnetic field intensity can be obtained under the prerequisite consuming little energy.
As shown in Figure 3, inner magnet 9 can be the magnetic conductive part be arranged in heat exchanger channels, or inner magnet can be with fin 1 or/and the magnetic conduction bar that is wholely set of dividing plate 2, and inner magnet can only be arranged on fin 1 or dividing plate 2, also can arrange on fin 1 and dividing plate 2 simultaneously, multiple inner magnet general warranty is separate, to form multiple magnetic field gradient, increase the active force to oxygen molecule, under the effect of externally-applied magnetic field, fin 1 and dividing plate 2 surface will form very high magnetic field gradient.When inner magnet is magnetic conductive part, can select magnetic conductive rod, magnetic conductive rod can along heat exchanger channels inwall circumferentially, such as all parallel with the length direction of heat exchanger channels.Inner magnet be arranged on fin 1 or/and magnetic conduction bar on dividing plate 2 time, can by the magnetic conduction bar thin plate of bar shaped according to certain orientation punching press at fin 1 or/and on dividing plate 2, such as described magnetic conduction bar is many along heat exchanger channels length direction, and is uniformly distributed along heat exchanger channels inwall.
As shown in Figure 4, for a heat exchanger channels, lower surface has heat Q to import into.Temperature away from the A place fluid of wall is lower, is subject to the very strong magnetizing force towards wall, thus flows towards the direction of wall; The heat transmitted close to the absorption of fluids wall of wall near the B place of wall and temperature raises, magnetic susceptibility reduces, and the magnetizing force be subject to weakens, and is laterally moved to C under the promotion of A place fluid; In motion process, fluid temperature (F.T.) raises further, and because cold fluid constantly pours into wall, C place fluid is squeezed and moves to D away from wall; Due to the effect of inertia, and the fluid run off in order to supplementary A place, the fluid at D place moves to A, and peripherad cold fluid releases heat in this course, temperature reduction, thus completes a circulation.In described heat exchanger channels, can form many similar unstable eddy current, thus ceaselessly destroy the laminar boundary layer near wall, therefore the Convective Heat Transfer in fluid is strengthened, and the heat exchange efficiency of whole heat exchanger is improved.
In order to verify the facilitation of high-gradient magnetic field for low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection, in heat exchanging path 10, the transient flow zone situation of liquid oxygen fluid under the magnetic induction intensity without magnetic field and outer magnet 5 is 0T, 1T, 2T, 5T, 10T condition has carried out finite element simulation, and gradient magnetic is built by the cylindrical magnetic conduction silicon steel pressing close to wall.Entrance liquid oxygen temperature is set as 70K, and heat exchanger channels wall maintains 90K constant temperature.
Fig. 7 is emulation apparatus structure schematic diagram, and in Fig. 7, inner magnet 9 is cylindrical magnetic conduction silicon steel, is arranged on the heat exchanger channels 10 sidewall outer wall of rectangle.Heat exchanger channels 10 width is 10mm, and length is 100mm, is liquid oxygen containing oxygen cryogen.
Fig. 8 is the magnetic force distribution map in simulator.As can be known from Fig. 8, under outer magnet 5 acts on, inner magnet 9 magnetic conduction, produces magnetic field gradient around inner magnet 9.
As shown in Figure 5, the liquid oxygen VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION in heat exchanger channels 10, maintains Laminar Flow without the fluid under magnetic field conditions, defines stable boundary layer pressing close to wall place; And under 1T background magnetic field, because oxygen molecule is subject to the effect of magnetic field force, defining several eddy current pressing close to heat transfer wall place, the existence of these eddy current destroys flow boundary layer, facilitates the rapid mixing of cold fluid and hot fluid, can play the effect of strengthening convection current.
As shown in Figure 6, the cross section average temperature distribution of streamwise in rectangularl runner, under the effect of background magnetic field, because the convection current of inner fluid passage obtains strengthening, the slope of streamwise variations in temperature enlarges markedly, and background magnetic field intensity is higher, and the speed of intensification is faster.This shows, the magnetic thermal convection current that gradient magnetic and heat drive jointly, effectively facilitates the heat transfer of oxygen-bearing fluid and wall in passage, and the heat transfer efficiency of passage significantly improves.
Claims (9)
1. utilize thermomagnetic convection to strengthen a device for low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid heat transfer, comprise two end sockets with heat exchanging fluid gateway, and the heat exchange core body between two end sockets; The heat exchanger channels be communicated with corresponding heat exchanging fluid gateway is respectively provided with in described heat exchange core body, have at least in one group of heat exchanger channels for containing oxygen cryogen, it is characterized in that, also comprise the described field generator for magnetic producing Actions of Gradient Magnetic Field power containing oxygen cryogen.
2. the device utilizing thermomagnetic convection to strengthen the heat transfer of low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described magnetic field generation device comprises:
Be enclosed in the outer magnet of heat exchange core body periphery;
Be positioned at the magnetic field of outer magnet, and near one or more inner magnets that heat exchanger channels sidewall is arranged.
3. the device utilizing thermomagnetic convection to strengthen the heat transfer of low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described outer magnet is superconducting magnet.
4. the device utilizing thermomagnetic convection to strengthen the heat transfer of low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described inner magnet is the magnetic conductive part independent of heat exchanger channels.
5. the device utilizing thermomagnetic convection to strengthen the heat transfer of low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described magnetic conductive part is axially consistent with heat exchanger channels length direction multiple independently magnetic conductive rods, and multiple magnetic conductive rod is evenly arranged along heat exchanger channels sidewall circumference.
6. the device utilizing thermomagnetic convection to strengthen the heat transfer of low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described inner magnet is the magnetic conduction bar be wholely set with heat exchanger channels sidewall, mutually isolated between multiple magnetic conduction bar.
7. the device utilizing thermomagnetic convection to strengthen the heat transfer of low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the length direction of described magnetic conduction bar is consistent with heat exchanger channels length direction, and multiple magnetic conduction bar is evenly arranged along heat exchanger channels sidewall circumference.
8. the device utilizing thermomagnetic convection to strengthen the heat transfer of low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described heat exchange core body comprises:
Some dividing plates be arranged in parallel;
Be disposed on the fin between adjacent two dividing plates;
The both sides of each fin are fixed with adjacent two dividing plates respectively, are provided with heat exchanger channels between fin and dividing plate.
9. utilize thermomagnetic convection to strengthen a method for low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid heat transfer, it is characterized in that, comprising: two strands or multiply heat exchanging fluid are carried out contactless heat exchange, have one heat exchanging fluid in these two strands or multiply heat exchanging fluid at least for containing oxygen cryogen; In heat transfer process, apply Actions of Gradient Magnetic Field power to containing oxygen cryogen, make the oxygen cryogen that contains by Actions of Gradient Magnetic Field power produce eddy current, hot fluid is released thermal temperature and is reduced, and cold fluid absorbs thermal temperature rising, to complete heat transfer simultaneously.
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| CN201510191991.0A CN104792218B (en) | 2015-04-22 | 2015-04-22 | Strengthen the method and device of low temperature oxygen-bearing fluid heat transfer using thermomagnetic convection |
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| CN104792218B (en) | 2017-10-24 |
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