CN104790355B - Float-moving type self-shooter - Google Patents
Float-moving type self-shooter Download PDFInfo
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- CN104790355B CN104790355B CN201510210198.0A CN201510210198A CN104790355B CN 104790355 B CN104790355 B CN 104790355B CN 201510210198 A CN201510210198 A CN 201510210198A CN 104790355 B CN104790355 B CN 104790355B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 abstract description 37
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009916 joint effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/20—Movable barrages; Lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B7/50—Floating gates
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种浮移式自动闸门，包括闸室、滚轮槽、轨道、闸门、滚轮、止水、液压减振装置。闸墩和闸底板形成闸室；闸门安装在两侧闸墩之间；在底面板两侧的底部设置有滚轮，滚轮布设在轨道上，轨道能固定在滚轮槽底面上，液压减振装置固定在滚轮槽的内侧；本发明可使闸门开度随着上游来水水位的高低变化而随时自动调节，闸门渐开性好，开启、关闭更加省力、灵活；本发明无需外动力，完全由上游来水实现闸门的自动启闭。
The invention relates to a floating automatic gate, which comprises a lock chamber, a roller groove, a track, a gate, rollers, a water stop and a hydraulic damping device. The gate pier and the gate bottom plate form a gate chamber; the gate is installed between the gate piers on both sides; rollers are arranged at the bottom of both sides of the bottom panel, and the rollers are arranged on the track, and the track can be fixed on the bottom surface of the roller groove, and the hydraulic vibration damping device is fixed. On the inner side of the roller groove; the invention can automatically adjust the opening of the gate at any time with the change of the upstream water level, the gate has good gradual opening performance, and the opening and closing are more labor-saving and flexible; the invention does not need external power and is completely controlled by the upstream The incoming water realizes the automatic opening and closing of the gate.
Description
一、技术领域：1. Technical field:
本发明涉及一种浮移式自动闸门。The invention relates to a floating automatic gate.
二、背景技术2. Background technology
水闸作为一种目前最广泛使用的水工建筑物，已经在广大水利工程中得到了充分的利用，发挥着巨大的作用！水工闸门种类很多，按构造特征可分为梁式闸门、平面闸门、屋顶闸门、弧形闸门、扇形闸门、鼓形闸门、圆管式闸门、拱形闸门、球形闸门、浮箱式闸门等，各种闸门由于结构上的差异，都有各自不同的特点。但一般闸门主要是依靠外力，使闸门得以提升，使水流由闸门与闸底板之间的过水通道中流向下游，完成泄水的任用，但要求的提升较大，需要修建专用的启闭室，造价较高，操作繁琐；再如自动泄水闸门，目前主要有水力自动翻板闸门等，水力自动翻板闸门其主结构为钢筋混凝土，一般可用于替代平板提升闸门、弧形闸门及橡胶坝，适用于拦蓄河水和泄洪。因水力自动翻板闸门具有结构相对简单，靠水的作用力能自动启闭，节省能源、造价低廉、并兼有泄洪、蓄水功能，在各中、小型水利工程中得到了广泛应用。但是，水力自动翻板闸门仍存在着很多的缺陷：As the most widely used hydraulic structure at present, the sluice has been fully utilized in a large number of water conservancy projects and plays a huge role! There are many types of hydraulic gates, which can be divided into beam gates, plane gates, roof gates, arc gates, sector gates, drum gates, round tube gates, arch gates, spherical gates, floating box gates, etc. according to their structural characteristics. , all kinds of gates have different characteristics due to structural differences. However, the general gate mainly relies on external force to lift the gate, so that the water flows downstream from the water passage between the gate and the gate floor to complete the appointment of water discharge, but the required lifting is relatively large, and a special opening and closing room needs to be built. , the cost is high, and the operation is cumbersome; another example is the automatic discharge gate. At present, there are mainly hydraulic automatic flap gates. The main structure of the hydraulic automatic flap gate is reinforced concrete, which can generally be used to replace flat lift gates, arc gates and rubber Dam, suitable for retaining river water and releasing flood. Because the hydraulic automatic flap gate has a relatively simple structure, can be automatically opened and closed by the force of water, saves energy, is low in cost, and has the functions of flood discharge and water storage, it has been widely used in various medium and small water conservancy projects. However, there are still many defects in the hydraulic automatic flap gate:
第一，水力自动翻板闸门的水力特性较复杂，闸门的过流特性、动水压力和运行的稳定性仍需要进一步研究。First, the hydraulic characteristics of the hydraulic automatic flap gate are relatively complex, and the gate's overcurrent characteristics, hydrodynamic pressure and operation stability still need further research.
第二，水力自动翻板闸门的支承结构均为门后式，闸门的支承结构均为横轴式，即为横轴式自动翻板闸门。横轴式自动翻板闸门在开启的过程中，横向支承结构以上的闸板顺着水流方向绕横向支承结构旋转，而横向支承结构以下的闸板则是逆着水流方向绕横向支承结构旋转，要使闸板翻转需要足够的力，使闸板及闸墩受力太大，不利于闸门的稳定。Second, the supporting structures of the hydraulic automatic flap gates are all door-back type, and the supporting structures of the gates are all horizontal-axis type, that is, the horizontal-axis type automatic flap gates. During the opening process of the horizontal axis automatic flap gate, the gate above the transverse support structure rotates around the transverse support structure along the direction of water flow, while the gate below the transverse support structure rotates around the transverse support structure against the direction of water flow. Enough force is needed to overturn the gate, and the force on the gate and the gate pier is too large, which is not conducive to the stability of the gate.
第三，横轴式水力自动翻板闸门在水流下泄过程中，整个闸板是处在下泄的水流之中的，对泄水来说，闸板产生了巨大的阻力，严重地扰动了水流状态，严重地影响了水流的下泄能力。Third, when the horizontal axis hydraulic automatic flap gate is in the process of water discharge, the entire gate is in the water flow, and for the water discharge, the gate produces a huge resistance and seriously disturbs the state of the water flow , which seriously affects the discharge capacity of the water flow.
第四，横轴式水力自动翻板闸门，由于控制闸门运行的支承条件、闸门板压强、门后空腔泄流、下游水位顶托、门后空腔中负压等因素，闸门在运行中会出现周期性来回拍击支墩或坝坎的“拍打”现象，破坏性极大。Fourth, the horizontal-axis hydraulic automatic flap gate, due to factors such as the supporting conditions for controlling the operation of the gate, the pressure of the gate plate, the discharge of the cavity behind the gate, the jacking of the downstream water level, and the negative pressure in the cavity behind the gate, the gate is in operation. There will be a "slapping" phenomenon that periodically slaps the buttresses or dam sills back and forth, which is extremely destructive.
第五，横轴式水力自动翻板闸门在开启时要求有足够大的水位，使闸门开启受到很大限制，开启不灵活，有的甚至开不了；而关闭时要求门板上游要有足够低的水位才能关闭，会影响正常蓄水。Fifth, the horizontal-axis hydraulic automatic flap gate requires a sufficiently large water level when it is opened, so that the opening of the gate is greatly restricted, the opening is not flexible, and some even cannot be opened; The water level can only be closed, which will affect the normal water storage.
第六，由于横轴式自动翻板闸门支承结构的自身特点，闸门开度受到了限制，有的要么不开，要开就一下开到最大，不能随着上游来水量的大小变化而随时自动调节。Sixth, due to the characteristics of the support structure of the horizontal-axis automatic flap gate, the opening of the gate is limited. adjust.
三、发明内容3. Contents of the invention
为了解决上以问题，本发明提供了一种浮移式自动闸门，可使闸门泄水时，闸门开度随着上游来水水位的高低变化而随时自动调节，闸门渐开性好，开启、关闭更加省力、灵活；本发明无需外动力，完全由上游来水实现闸门的自动启闭。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a floating automatic gate, which can automatically adjust the opening of the gate at any time according to the change of the upstream water level when the gate is discharged. Closing is more labor-saving and flexible; the invention does not require external power, and the automatic opening and closing of the gate is completely realized by upstream water.
一种浮移式自动闸门，包括闸室、滚轮槽、轨道、闸门、滚轮、止水、液压减振装置。A floating automatic gate includes a lock chamber, a roller groove, a track, a gate, rollers, a water stop, and a hydraulic damping device.
所述的闸室由闸墩和闸底板构成，闸墩对称地垂直布置在闸底板的两侧，闸墩和闸底板浇筑成一个整体；所述闸门由连接为一个整体的前面板、后面板、底面板、顶面板和侧面板以及布设在各个面板内部的桁架支承结构组成；所述顶面板上设置有人孔和孔盖,以方便对闸门内部的检修使用；前面板、后面板、底面板、顶面板及两侧的侧面板共同形成多边形的密封空腔，构成空心式闸门；前面板呈L型；所述的桁架支承结构由多个相互垂直连接在一起的桁架组成，桁架支承结构固定在浮移式自动闸门内部,其作用是支承闸门，增大闸门的强度及刚度，增加闸门的稳定性；闸门底面板以上两侧侧面板之间的宽度略小于两侧闸墩之间的宽度,以闸门移动时不与两侧闸墩之间产生摩擦为原则；闸门安装在两侧闸墩之间，闸门底面板宽度大于闸室宽度；底面板两侧分别对称地伸入两侧闸墩的滚轮槽中，底面板通过滚轮可活动的安装在滚轮槽上；闸门底面板上边缘向上延伸至与顶面板等高,以防止水从闸门侧面与闸墩之间的缝隙中产生漏水现象；在闸门关闭时，闸门底面板可以与滚轮槽底面封闭堵水。当浮移式自动闸门在水流的作用下上、下移动时，可以带动闸门底面板在滚轮槽中上、下移动，实现闸门在倾斜方向的升、降，从而可以完成开启和关闭闸门的目的。The gate chamber is composed of a gate pier and a gate bottom plate, and the gate piers are symmetrically arranged vertically on both sides of the gate bottom plate, and the gate pier and the gate bottom plate are poured into a whole; the gate is composed of a front panel and a rear panel connected as a whole , bottom panel, top panel and side panels, and truss support structures arranged inside each panel; manholes and hole covers are arranged on the top panel to facilitate the maintenance and use of the inside of the gate; front panel, rear panel, and bottom panel 1. The top panel and the side panels on both sides form a polygonal sealed cavity together, forming a hollow gate; the front panel is L-shaped; Inside the floating automatic gate, its function is to support the gate, increase the strength and rigidity of the gate, and increase the stability of the gate; the width between the side panels on both sides above the bottom panel of the gate is slightly smaller than the width between the pier on both sides , based on the principle that the gate does not rub against the gate piers on both sides when it moves; the gate is installed between the gate piers on both sides, and the width of the bottom panel of the gate is greater than the width of the chamber; the two sides of the bottom panel extend symmetrically into the gate piers on both sides In the roller groove of the gate, the bottom panel is movably installed on the roller groove through the roller; the upper edge of the bottom panel of the gate extends upwards to the same height as the top panel, so as to prevent water from leaking from the gap between the side of the gate and the gate pier; When the gate is closed, the bottom panel of the gate can be sealed with the bottom surface of the roller groove to block water. When the floating automatic gate moves up and down under the action of water flow, it can drive the bottom panel of the gate to move up and down in the roller groove, so as to realize the lifting and lowering of the gate in the inclined direction, so as to complete the purpose of opening and closing the gate .
底面板两侧的底部设置有滚轮，滚轮可活动的安装在轨道上；轨道为向下游方向倾斜的倾斜轨道，轨道与水平面之间形成α夹角，α的大小根据闸门受力确定；在两侧闸墩内壁上，均布设有内凹式的滚轮槽，滚轮槽的方向与轨道方向平行，滚轮槽也与水平面之间形成α夹角；轨道固定在滚轮槽底面上，液压减振装置固定在滚轮槽的内侧；所述的液压减振装置，是由从上而下依次连接的活塞缸、活塞和活塞杆构成；液压减振装置上端通过上端铰固定在滚轮槽的上部，活塞杆下端通过铰与闸门连接。Rollers are installed on the bottom of both sides of the bottom panel, and the rollers are movable on the track; the track is an inclined track that is inclined to the downstream direction, and an angle α is formed between the track and the horizontal plane, and the size of α is determined according to the force of the gate; On the inner wall of the side pier, concave roller grooves are evenly distributed. The direction of the roller grooves is parallel to the direction of the track, and an angle α is formed between the roller grooves and the horizontal plane; the track is fixed on the bottom surface of the roller grooves, and the hydraulic damping device is fixed. On the inner side of the roller groove; the hydraulic damping device is composed of a piston cylinder, a piston and a piston rod connected sequentially from top to bottom; the upper end of the hydraulic damping device is fixed on the upper part of the roller groove through the upper end hinge, and the lower end of the piston rod Connected to the gate by a hinge.
在本发明中，由于浮移式自动闸门是空心的，闸门会受到上游来水的浮力作用，同时，闸门还会受到上游来水的侧向水压力(力的方向指向下游侧)作用及重力作用等，当水位较高时，浮移式自动闸门在水的浮力及侧向水压力共同作用下，会克服重力及摩擦力沿轨道方向向上移动，为了减小摩阻力，在底面板两侧的底部设置有滚轮，滚轮布设在轨道上，并可以在轨道上滚动，使浮移式自动闸门沿着轨道上升或下降；为了减小浮移式闸门上升或下降时的阻力，将目前一般闸门所采用的垂直轨道，设计成向下游方向倾斜的倾斜轨道，使轨道与水平面之间形成α夹角，α的大小根据闸门受力分析合理选定；在两侧闸墩内壁上，均布设有内凹式的滚轮槽，滚轮槽的方向与轨道方向平行，滚轮槽也与水平面之间形成α夹角；使轨道能固定在滚轮槽底面上，液压减振装置固定在滚轮槽的内侧；所述的液压减振装置，是由从上而下依次连接的活塞缸、活塞和活塞杆构成；液压减振装置上端通过上端铰固定在滚轮槽的上部，活塞杆下端通过铰与闸门连接，活塞缸内充满液体(如油、水等)，在活塞上设置有小孔，当闸门移动时，带动活塞移动，液体会通过小孔，从活塞缸的一端流动到另一端，由于小孔直径较小，液体通过的流量较小，所以，活塞的移动速度较低，可以有效地减轻浮移式自动闸门随着水源波浪而产生的波动，减轻了闸门的振动。闸门关闭时，在闸门与两侧滚轮槽底面之间、以及闸门与闸底板之间均设置有止水，以防止闸门关闭时产生漏水现象。In the present invention, since the floating automatic gate is hollow, the gate will be subjected to the buoyancy of the upstream water, and at the same time, the gate will also be subjected to the lateral water pressure (the direction of the force points to the downstream side) and the gravity of the upstream water. When the water level is high, the floating automatic gate will overcome gravity and friction and move upward along the track direction under the joint action of water buoyancy and lateral water pressure. There are rollers at the bottom of the bottom, which are arranged on the track and can roll on the track to make the floating automatic gate rise or fall along the track; in order to reduce the resistance when the floating gate rises or falls, the current general gate The vertical track used is designed as an inclined track inclined to the downstream direction, so that an angle α is formed between the track and the horizontal plane, and the size of α is reasonably selected according to the force analysis of the gate; Inner concave roller groove, the direction of the roller groove is parallel to the direction of the track, and an angle α is formed between the roller groove and the horizontal plane; the track can be fixed on the bottom surface of the roller groove, and the hydraulic damping device is fixed on the inner side of the roller groove; The hydraulic damping device described above is composed of a piston cylinder, a piston and a piston rod connected sequentially from top to bottom; the upper end of the hydraulic damping device is fixed on the upper part of the roller groove through the upper hinge, the lower end of the piston rod is connected with the gate through the hinge, and the piston The cylinder is filled with liquid (such as oil, water, etc.), and there is a small hole on the piston. When the gate moves, it drives the piston to move, and the liquid will flow through the small hole from one end of the piston cylinder to the other end. Small, the flow of liquid passing through is small, so the moving speed of the piston is low, which can effectively reduce the fluctuation of the floating automatic gate with the wave of the water source, and reduce the vibration of the gate. When the gate is closed, there are water stops between the gate and the bottom surface of the roller grooves on both sides, as well as between the gate and the gate bottom plate, to prevent water leakage when the gate is closed.
闸门的垂直高度、向上的浮移距离，由上游的来水水位、需要的蓄水水位及闸底板高程、最大泄水量等参数，经过分析计算确定。当上游水位低于某一水位时，闸门的自重大于闸门受到的浮力，闸门处在关闭状态；当上游水位上升到某一水位时，闸门受到的浮力大于闸门的自重，在克服了摩擦阻力后，使闸门产生上浮，同时，在上游侧向水压力作用下，闸门会沿着轨道向斜上方移动，水流就会从闸门底面板与闸底板之间的孔口中泄向下游，自动完成泄水任务；此时，闸门在水的浮力及侧向水压力作用下，闸门被“飘浮”在轨道上，处于平衡状态，闸门顶面板始终保持与水位之间一定的高差不变。The vertical height of the gate and the upward floating distance are determined by analysis and calculation based on parameters such as the upstream water level, the required water storage level, the elevation of the gate floor, and the maximum water discharge. When the upstream water level is lower than a certain water level, the self-weight of the gate is greater than the buoyancy of the gate, and the gate is in a closed state; when the upstream water level rises to a certain water level, the buoyancy of the gate is greater than the self-weight of the gate, after overcoming the frictional resistance At the same time, under the action of upstream lateral water pressure, the gate will move obliquely upward along the track, and the water flow will be discharged to the downstream from the orifice between the gate bottom plate and the gate bottom plate, and the discharge will be completed automatically. Water task; at this time, under the action of water buoyancy and lateral water pressure, the gate is "floated" on the track and is in a balanced state. The top panel of the gate always maintains a certain height difference from the water level.
本发明工作时，当上游来水量变化后，使水源水位会发生改变，这样作用在闸门上的浮力及侧向水压力也会随之变化，闸门在浮力及侧向水压力作用下，可自动地沿着轨道上移或下降，可自动完成闸门的开启和关闭过程：When the present invention is working, when the amount of upstream water changes, the water level of the water source will change, so that the buoyancy and lateral water pressure acting on the gate will also change accordingly, and the gate will automatically open under the action of buoyancy and lateral water pressure The ground moves up or down along the track, which can automatically complete the opening and closing process of the gate:
当上游来水量增大，闸门前水位升高到一定高度时，上游来水作用在闸门上的浮力和侧向水压力也会增大，当两种力的合力在轨道方向上的分力大于闸门自重在轨道方向的分力及滚轮轴内摩擦力时，会使滚轮产生转动，从而带动闸门沿着轨道方向向斜上方移动，闸门自动打开，并通过闸门底面板与闸底板之间的泄水通道向下游泄水；当上游来水量维持一定量不再变化时，上游水源水位不变，闸门位置不变，则闸门下泄流量不变，并与上游来水量相等，所以，闸门前水位保持稳定，闸门处在平衡状态，闸门开度保持不变；如果上游来水量进一步增加，则闸门前水位进一步升高，在上游来水的浮力作用及侧向水压力作用下，闸门则会进一步地自动地沿着轨道升高，使下泄流量进一步增加，若当上游来水量增大到一定量不再变化时，闸门前水位保持稳定，闸门下泄流量与上游来水量相等，则闸门又会处在平衡状态，闸门的开度又会保持稳定；当来水量增大到一定程度、闸门前水位上升到一定高度后，闸门会全部打开，此时，闸门开度达到最大，使下泄能力达到增大，以很好地完成泄洪的需要；闸门的最大开度，由上游来水特性分析确定。When the amount of upstream water increases and the water level in front of the gate rises to a certain height, the buoyancy and lateral water pressure of the upstream water acting on the gate will also increase. When the component force of the gate's own weight in the direction of the track and the internal friction of the roller shaft will cause the roller to rotate, thereby driving the gate to move obliquely upward along the direction of the track, the gate will automatically open and pass through the drain between the bottom panel of the gate and the bottom plate of the gate. The water channel discharges water to the downstream; when the upstream water flow maintains a certain amount and does not change, the water level of the upstream water source remains unchanged, and the position of the gate remains unchanged, so the discharge flow of the gate remains unchanged and is equal to the upstream water flow. Therefore, the water level in front of the gate remains constant. Stable, the gate is in a balanced state, and the opening of the gate remains unchanged; if the upstream water flow further increases, the water level in front of the gate will further rise, and under the buoyancy of the upstream water and the lateral water pressure, the gate will further increase. It automatically rises along the track to further increase the discharge flow. If the water level in front of the gate remains stable when the upstream water flow increases to a certain amount and the water level in front of the gate remains stable, the discharge flow of the gate is equal to the upstream water flow. In a balanced state, the opening of the gate will remain stable; when the inflow of water increases to a certain extent and the water level in front of the gate rises to a certain height, the gate will fully open. , in order to fulfill the needs of flood discharge; the maximum opening of the gate is determined by the analysis of the upstream water characteristics.
当上游来水量减小时，闸门前水位会随之下降，使得闸门受到的浮力减小，闸门在自重作用下，使滚轮产生滚动，闸门随之向下移动，使得闸门自动向着关闭方向移动，则闸门的开度会自动减小，从而减小下泄流量；若当上游来水量减小到一定量不再变化时，则闸门前水位保持稳定，闸门下泄流量与上游来水量相等，并保持不变，则闸门又会处在平衡状态，闸门的开度保持稳定；当上游来水量进一步减小时，水位进一步下降，使得闸门进一步自动向着关闭的方向移动，则闸门的开度会进一步自动减小，从而使下泄流量进一步减小；当上游来水量减小到一定程度，闸门前水位下降到一定高度时，闸门在自重作用下自动关闭，以保持蓄水状态。如果上游来水量又增大，则闸门又会自动开启，下泄多余水量，如果来水减少，闸门又会自动关闭，周而复始，循环进行。When the upstream water flow decreases, the water level in front of the gate will drop accordingly, so that the buoyancy of the gate will decrease, and the gate will roll the roller under the action of its own weight, and the gate will move downward accordingly, so that the gate will automatically move towards the closing direction, then The opening of the gate will automatically decrease, thereby reducing the discharge flow; if the upstream water flow is reduced to a certain amount and no longer changes, the water level in front of the gate will remain stable, and the discharge flow of the gate will be equal to the upstream water flow and remain unchanged. , then the gate will be in a balanced state again, and the opening of the gate will remain stable; when the upstream water flow is further reduced, the water level will further drop, making the gate automatically move towards the closing direction, and the opening of the gate will be further automatically reduced. As a result, the discharge flow is further reduced; when the upstream water flow decreases to a certain extent and the water level in front of the gate drops to a certain height, the gate will automatically close under the action of its own weight to maintain the water storage state. If the amount of incoming water from the upstream increases again, the gate will automatically open again to discharge the excess water. If the incoming water decreases, the gate will automatically close again, and the cycle will continue again and again.
当闸门关闭后，由于在闸门底面板与滚轮槽底面之间、闸门与闸底板之间设置有止水，可以有效进行止漏，防止漏水现象的产生，达到蓄水的要求，以便于兴利使用。When the gate is closed, since there is a water stop between the bottom panel of the gate and the bottom surface of the roller groove, and between the gate and the bottom plate of the gate, it can effectively stop leakage, prevent water leakage, meet the requirements of water storage, and facilitate use.
为防止闸门在工作过程中随着上游水面波浪而产生振动，在闸门与闸墩之间滚轮槽内设置有液压减振装置，可以减缓闸门的振动，使闸门工作更加平稳。In order to prevent the gate from vibrating with the waves of the upstream water surface during the working process, a hydraulic damping device is installed in the roller groove between the gate and the gate pier, which can slow down the vibration of the gate and make the gate work more stable.
所以，浮移式自动闸门的工作完全是由上游水位的高低来即时自动调控的。随着上游来水量的变化，闸门自动开启、关闭，以自动完成泄水和蓄水的需要，实现了闸门无人值守的工作方式，方便实践中推广应用，这是对闸门的革命性改革。Therefore, the work of the floating automatic gate is completely automatically regulated in real time by the level of the upstream water level. With the change of upstream water flow, the gate automatically opens and closes to automatically fulfill the needs of water discharge and storage, and realizes the unattended working mode of the gate, which is convenient for popularization and application in practice. This is a revolutionary reform of the gate.
四、附图说明4. Description of drawings
图1浮移式自动闸门正视图(自下游向上游)Figure 1 Front view of the floating automatic gate (from downstream to upstream)
图2图1中沿Ⅰ-Ⅰ剖面图Figure 2 Figure 1 along the Ⅰ-Ⅰ sectional view
图3闸门结构图Figure 3 gate structure diagram
1-闸墩；2-前面板；3-顶面板；4-后面板；5-滚轮槽；6-上端铰；7-轨道；8-活塞缸；9-活塞；10-活塞杆；11-滚轮；12-止水；13-底面板；14-下端铰；15-闸底板；16-桁架支承结构；17-人孔及孔盖；18-侧面板1-gate pier; 2-front panel; 3-top panel; 4-rear panel; 5-roller groove; 6-upper hinge; 7-track; 8-piston cylinder; 9-piston; 10-piston rod; 11- Roller; 12-water stop; 13-bottom panel; 14-bottom hinge; 15-gate bottom plate; 16-truss support structure; 17-manhole and hole cover; 18-side panel
五、具体实施方式5. Specific implementation
如图1、图2、图3所示，本装置主要包括闸室、浮移式自动闸门、滚轮槽、轨道、止水、液压减振装置。As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3, the device mainly includes a lock chamber, a floating automatic gate, a roller groove, a track, a water stop, and a hydraulic damping device.
闸墩为两侧直立的对称布置的混凝土结构，或钢筋混凝土结构，或浆砌石结构等，视上游水深大小而定，闸墩高度应大于上游水深，以在一定的设计保证率时，确保闸门安全运行为依据；闸底板为钢筋混凝土结构，或混凝土结构，或浆砌石结构等，亦视上游水深大小而定；两侧闸墩与闸底板现场浇筑，并浇筑成一个完整的整体结构，以增加其稳定性；浮移式自动闸门为钢结构、预制钢筋混凝土结构或具有一定刚性、强度的其它材料，要求闸门质地均匀，闸门的自重根据蓄水要求、上游设计水深及泄水要求确定，以保证在浮力及上游水压力作用下，以能自由启闭、满足蓄水要求及泄水要求、并保证安全为原则；轨道采用铸钢或合金材料，做好防锈处理，并通过锚固结构固定在滚轮槽内；滚轮采用铸钢或合金材料，做好防锈处理；闸门通过滚轮固定在轨道上，以方便闸门在轨道上滚动；轨道与水流所在的水平面之间形成倾斜的α夹角，α的大小根据闸门受力分析合理选定；在闸门底面板与滚轮槽底面之间、闸门与闸底板之间设置有止水，可以有效进行止漏，防止漏水现象的产生，以便于兴利使用。在闸门与闸墩之间的滚轮槽内设置有液压减振装置，可以减缓闸门的振动，采用活塞工作原理，以防止闸门在工作中产生较强烈振动，使闸门工作更加平稳。The gate pier is a symmetrically arranged concrete structure, reinforced concrete structure, or masonry structure, etc., depending on the depth of the upstream water. The safe operation of the gate is the basis; the gate bottom plate is a reinforced concrete structure, or a concrete structure, or a masonry structure, etc., depending on the depth of the upstream water; the gate piers on both sides and the gate bottom plate are poured on site, and poured into a complete overall structure , to increase its stability; the floating automatic gate is made of steel structure, prefabricated reinforced concrete structure or other materials with certain rigidity and strength, and the texture of the gate is required to be uniform. Determined to ensure that under the action of buoyancy and upstream water pressure, the principle is to be able to open and close freely, meet the requirements of water storage and discharge, and ensure safety; The anchoring structure is fixed in the groove of the roller; the roller is made of cast steel or alloy material, and the anti-rust treatment is done; the gate is fixed on the track through the roller to facilitate the gate to roll on the track; an inclined α is formed between the track and the horizontal plane where the water flow is located The included angle, α, is reasonably selected according to the force analysis of the gate; there is a water stop between the bottom panel of the gate and the bottom surface of the roller groove, and between the gate and the bottom plate of the gate, which can effectively stop leakage and prevent water leakage. Used by Xingli. A hydraulic vibration damping device is installed in the roller groove between the gate and the gate pier, which can slow down the vibration of the gate. The working principle of the piston is adopted to prevent the gate from generating strong vibration during operation and make the gate work more stable.
浮移式自动闸门，依靠上游水位高低能即时自动地控制其开度大小，具有以下优点：The floating automatic gate can automatically control its opening in real time depending on the upstream water level, and has the following advantages:
(1)结构简单，无需机电设备等外动力启闭，不需要专人操作控制。它完全由上游来水情况自动调控，与一般闸门相比，具有节省人力、物力，使用方便等特点，闸门实现了无人值守运行。(1) The structure is simple, no external power such as electromechanical equipment is required to open and close, and no special personnel are required to operate and control. It is completely automatically regulated by the upstream water situation. Compared with ordinary gates, it has the characteristics of saving manpower and material resources and is easy to use. The gate realizes unattended operation.
(2)能准确、及时地自动调节闸门开度。随着上游水位的升降，闸门能逐渐、自动、准确、即时开启和关闭，完成泄水和蓄水过程，使下泄流量与闸前来流量维持动态平衡，使闸门的蓄水、泄水、防洪安全可靠。(2) It can automatically adjust the gate opening accurately and timely. With the rise and fall of the upstream water level, the gate can be opened and closed gradually, automatically, accurately and instantly to complete the discharge and storage process, so that the discharge flow and the flow in front of the gate can maintain a dynamic balance, and the water storage, discharge and flood control of the gate can be maintained. Safe and reliable.
(3)浮移式自动闸门门板为钢结构或预制钢筋混凝土结构，结构简单，与橡胶坝相比，橡胶老化快，使用寿命短，5～7年就需更换，且需配置专门的充压装置，防洪更需专人值守，运行成本高，管理不方便。(3) The door panel of the floating automatic gate is a steel structure or a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure with a simple structure. Compared with the rubber dam, the rubber ages faster and has a shorter service life. It needs to be replaced in 5 to 7 years, and it needs to be equipped with special pressure charging. The installation and flood control need special personnel to be on duty, the operation cost is high, and the management is inconvenient.
(4)与一般的横轴式水力自动翻板相比，开启更加灵活方便，解决了横轴式水力自动翻板经常会无法开启、无法关闭的矛盾，解决了闸门、闸门支承结构受力过大的问题，解决了水力自动翻板闸门支承结构在泄水水流之中，而影响泄水的矛盾，解决了泄水、蓄水能有机结合的问题。(4) Compared with the general horizontal-axis hydraulic automatic flap, it is more flexible and convenient to open, which solves the contradiction that the horizontal-axis hydraulic automatic flap often cannot be opened or closed, and solves the problem of excessive force on the gate and gate support structure. The biggest problem is to solve the contradiction that the support structure of the hydraulic automatic flap gate is in the discharge flow and affect the discharge, and to solve the problem of the organic combination of discharge and water storage.
该闸门设计独特，无论在原理上、技术上，还是使用性能等方面，均产生了质的飞跃。The unique design of the gate has produced a qualitative leap in terms of principle, technology, and performance.
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| CN111206547B (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2025-02-21 | 山东农业大学 | Hydraulic automatic single-plate floating gate and its application method |
| CN111648319B (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2021-07-30 | 湖北众堃科技股份有限公司 | A self-exhausting gate |
| CN114086517B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-02-28 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Radial chain type gate system suitable for tidal barrier |
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| CN204703139U (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-10-14 | 山东农业大学 | Float-moving type automatic gate |
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| JPS6412077A (en) * | 1987-07-06 | 1989-01-17 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd | Actuator |
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| JPH112077A (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 1999-01-06 | Toda Constr Co Ltd | Automatic operation mechanism of waterproof plate |
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