CN104789298B - A kind of method for preparing aviation fuel antiwear additive - Google Patents

A kind of method for preparing aviation fuel antiwear additive Download PDF

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CN104789298B
CN104789298B CN201510134473.5A CN201510134473A CN104789298B CN 104789298 B CN104789298 B CN 104789298B CN 201510134473 A CN201510134473 A CN 201510134473A CN 104789298 B CN104789298 B CN 104789298B
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ionic liquid
autoclave
acid
inner salt
aviation fuel
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CN104789298A (en
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都长飞
刘多强
赵升红
顾鹏翔
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Oil Materials Inst Air Force P L A
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of method for the antiwear additive for preparing aviation fuel, this method includes:(A) preparation of fatty acid mixed;(B2) synthesis of C36 unrighted acids dimer, including being placed in using the fatty acid mixed obtained by linoleic acid or step (A) as raw material in autoclave, 9 15% ionic liquid is added as catalyst, quality meter based on linoleic acid or above-mentioned fatty acid mixed, autoclave is installed, and examines air-tightness, the usage amount preferably 10 13% of catalyst, ionic liquid is ionic liquid I or ionic liquid II with following structural formula

Description

A kind of method for preparing aviation fuel antiwear additive
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for the antiwear additive for preparing aviation fuel, especially a kind of unrighted acid dimer The preparation method of the aviation fuel antiwear additive of type.
Background technology
At present, the antiwear additive added in domestic air mail fuel is T1602, and T1602 active principle is aphthenic acids, aphthenic acids The component of removing is wished in being processed for jet fuel, and rejoining aphthenic acids can cause the acidity of aviation fuel to increase, and can also The corrosivity of jet fuel is caused to increase.And the colourity of T1602 additives is deeper, the colour index of aviation fuel is influenceed, separately Outside, T1602 unstable product quality.
Aviation fuel mainly uses acid-alkali refining, hydrofinishing or is hydrocracked in process of production so that in cut Natural wear-resistant composition is removed, and is caused the reduction of aviation fuel abrasion resistance, it is therefore necessary to antiwear additive is added in aviation fuel, is prevented The only heavy wear of fuel system.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of antiwear additive of aviation fuel, and be particularly suitable for use in jet The antiwear additive of fuel, inventor are it has unexpectedly been discovered that due to the antiwear additive using the present invention, greatly improve former cycloalkanes acid type The corrosive nature of additive.
A kind of antiwear additive of aviation fuel, including C36 unrighted acid dimers, the C36 unrighted acid dimerization Thing includes:Compound more than 65% shown in formula (1), the compound 25-30% shown in formula (2), the change shown in formula (3) Compound is less than 10%, in mass.
Formula (1) is without ring structure
Formula (2) single ring architecture
Formula (3) twin nuclei
Above-mentioned C36 unrighted acids dimer is prepared as follows what is obtained:
(A) preparation of fatty acid mixed:Including vegetable oil is mixed into progress soap with excessive aqueous slkali and appropriate ethanol Glycerine is sloughed in change, generates soap, and soap is acidified to pH=2~3, and using petroleum ether extraction oil phase, oil phase is through water Wash, after anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, petroleum ether is removed using rotary evaporation, fatty acid mixed can be obtained after vacuum drying;
(B1) synthesis of C36 unrighted acids dimer, comprises the following steps:
(1) it is placed in using the fatty acid mixed obtained by linoleic acid or step (A) as raw material in autoclave, adds 9- 15% catalyst and 0.5-1.5% auxiliary agent, the quality meter based on linoleic acid or above-mentioned fatty acid mixed, install high pressure Kettle, and examine air-tightness, wherein catalyst are treated earth, and auxiliary agent is lithium carbonate, the preferred 10-13% of usage amount of catalyst, More preferably 12%, the usage amount preferred 0.8-1.2% of auxiliary agent, more preferably 1.0%;
(2) autoclave is purged three times with nitrogen, the air in discharge autoclave, then inflated with nitrogen is to 2.0MPa, and closing is high Press kettle intake valve;
(3) 230-240 DEG C of reaction temperature is heated under conditions of stirring, timing is started when reaching reaction temperature, is made For reaction zero point;
(4) after reaction terminates for 5-6 hours, heating is stopped, autoclave kettle is placed in cold water, kettle is dropped to room rapidly Temperature, drives kettle, and pour out reaction product;
(5) crude product is diluted with isometric petroleum ether, and is added excessive hydrochloric acid and be acidified to pH=2~3;
(6) after acidifying is finished, mixture is centrifuged, catalyst and solid impurity is removed;
(7) supernatant liquor is washed with deionized water to neutrality, and point liquid, upper oil phase anhydrous sodium sulfate drying is stood overnight, It is filtered to remove anhydrous sodium sulfate;
(8) rotary evaporation in vacuo removes petroleum ether, most removes unreacted monomer acids through vacuum distillation afterwards, vacuum distillation Condition is:Gas phase temperature is 240 DEG C, and residual voltage is 133Pa (1mmHg), obtains refined products.
Step B1 can be replaced using step B2, and step B2 comprises the following steps:
(1) it is placed in using the fatty acid mixed obtained by linoleic acid or step (A) as raw material in autoclave, adds 9- 15% ionic liquid is as catalyst, and the quality meter based on linoleic acid or above-mentioned fatty acid mixed installs autoclave, and examine Test air-tightness, the usage amount preferred 10-13% of catalyst, more preferably 12%, ionic liquid is the ion with following structural formula Liquid I or ionic liquid II,
(2) autoclave is purged three times with nitrogen, the air in discharge autoclave, then inflated with nitrogen is to 2.0MPa, and closing is high Press kettle intake valve;
(3) 230-240 DEG C of reaction temperature is heated under conditions of stirring, timing is started when reaching reaction temperature, is made For reaction zero point;
(4) after reaction terminates for 5-6 hours, heating is stopped, autoclave kettle is placed in cold water, kettle is dropped to room rapidly Temperature, drives kettle, and pour out reaction product;
(5) crude product is diluted with isometric petroleum ether, and is added excessive hydrochloric acid and be acidified to pH=2~3;
(6) after acidifying is finished, supernatant liquor is washed with deionized water to neutrality, and point liquid, upper oil phase is dry with anhydrous sodium sulfate It is dry, stand overnight, be filtered to remove anhydrous sodium sulfate, the ionic liquid of lower floor is recyclable to be recycled;
(7) rotary evaporation in vacuo removes petroleum ether, most removes unreacted monomer acids through vacuum distillation afterwards, vacuum distillation Condition is:Gas phase temperature is 240 DEG C, and residual voltage is 133Pa (1mmHg), obtains refined products.
Ionic liquid I synthesis:
Ionic liquid I specifically uses following preparation method:
(1) trimethylamine solution is mixed with PS equimolar in conical flask, stirring reaction at 60 DEG C 24h;
(2) after reaction terminates, rotary distillation removes water, obtains white solid;
(3) re-crystallizing in ethyl acetate, suction filtration are used, and is washed three times;
(4) vacuum drying (80 DEG C) 4h obtains the solid inner salt of white;
(5) inner salt is dissolved with the water of 3 times of quality;
(6) equimolar mass concentration is added dropwise to be acidified for 37% hydrochloric acid, completion of dropping is warming up to 80 DEG C, stirring reaction 3h。
(7) rotary distillation removes water, is dried in vacuo (80 DEG C) 4h, obtains light yellow viscous liquid, that is, be acidified inner salt;
(8) a certain amount of acidifying inner salt is taken, is 1 with mol ratio:2 zinc chloride mixing, under nitrogen protection, is warming up to 100 DEG C, stirring to solid is all dissolved;
(9) (80 DEG C) 8h is dried in vacuo, thick ionic liquid I is produced.
Ionic liquid II synthesis:
Ionic liquid II specific synthesis step is as follows:
(1) a certain amount of PS is dissolved in the ethyl acetate that its mass number is 5~10 times, is warming up to 40 ~60 DEG C, equimolar N- methylimidazoles are added dropwise.Completion of dropping, 3~5h of insulation reaction;
(2) after reaction terminates, suction filtration obtains white filter cake, and filter cake is washed three times with ethyl acetate;
(3) vacuum drying (100 DEG C) 2h obtains white solid inner salt 3- (1- methylimidazole -3- alkyl)-propyl sulfonic acid salt (mim-PS);
(4) a certain amount of inner salt mim-PS is taken, is dissolved in the deionized water that its mass number is 2~4 times;
(5) hydrochloric acid that equimolar mass concentration is 37% is added dropwise, acidifying is finished, and is warming up to 70~90 DEG C, stirring reaction 2 ~3h;
(6) rotary distillation removes water, is dried in vacuo (80 DEG C) 4h, obtains light yellow viscous liquid, that is, is acidified inner salt chlorination 1- (3- sulfonic acid)-propyl group -3- methylimidazole salts [HO3S-(CH2)3-mim]Cl;
(7) a certain amount of acidifying inner salt is taken, is 1 with mol ratio:2 zinc chloride mixing, under nitrogen protection, it is warming up to 90~ 110 DEG C, stirring to solid is all dissolved;
(8) (80 DEG C) 8h is dried in vacuo, thick ionic liquid II is produced.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is that catalyst reuses influence of the number of times to C36 unrighted acids dimer (KM3) yield
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Prepare fatty acid mixed:
(1) 100g sunflower oils accurately are weighed in 250mL three-necked flasks.
(2) 40g KOH, 80g deionized water (or 40ml 50%KOH solution) and 160ml 95% ethanol solution are added.
(3) under the conditions of 90 DEG C of glycerol baths, saponification 2h is stirred at reflux, saponification liquor is obtained and (takes a small amount of saponification liquor to be dissolved in water, stand If without oil reservoir, saponification is complete).
(4) treat that saponification liquor is cooled to room temperature, plus watery hydrochloric acid is acidified to pH=2~3, with a small amount of petroleum ether extraction oil phase.
(5) acidifying is finished, and is washed with deionized water to neutrality, point liquid.Upper oil phase anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, stood Night.
(6) it is filtered to remove anhydrous sodium sulfate.
(7) rotary evaporation in vacuo removes petroleum ether, and vacuum drying produces fatty acid mixed.
Embodiment 2
The synthesis of C36 unrighted acid dimers:
(1) fatty acid mixed using the gained of embodiment 1 is placed in autoclave as raw material, adds 12% catalysis Agent and 1% auxiliary agent, the quality meter based on above-mentioned fatty acid mixed install autoclave, and examine air-tightness, wherein catalyst For treated earth, auxiliary agent is lithium carbonate;
(2) autoclave is purged three times with nitrogen, the air in discharge autoclave, then inflated with nitrogen is to 2.0MPa, and closing is high Press kettle intake valve;
(3) 240 DEG C of reaction temperature is heated under conditions of stirring, starts timing when reaching reaction temperature, as anti- Answer zero point;
(4) after reaction terminates for 6 hours, heating is stopped, autoclave kettle is placed in cold water, kettle is dropped to room temperature rapidly, Kettle is driven, and pours out reaction product;
(5) crude product is diluted with isometric petroleum ether, and is added excessive hydrochloric acid and be acidified to pH=2~3;
(6) after acidifying is finished, mixture is centrifuged, catalyst and solid impurity is removed;
(7) supernatant liquor is washed with deionized water to neutrality, and point liquid, upper oil phase anhydrous sodium sulfate drying is stood overnight, It is filtered to remove anhydrous sodium sulfate;
(8) rotary evaporation in vacuo removes petroleum ether, most removes unreacted monomer acids through vacuum distillation afterwards, vacuum distillation Condition is:Gas phase temperature is 240 DEG C, and residual voltage is 133Pa (1mmHg), obtains refined products, C36 unrighted acid dimers Yield be 67.6%.
Embodiment 3
The synthesis of C36 unrighted acid dimers:
(1) it is placed in using linoleic acid as raw material in autoclave, adds 12% catalyst and 1% auxiliary agent, base In above-mentioned linoleic quality meter, autoclave is installed, and examines air-tightness, wherein catalyst is treated earth, and auxiliary agent is carbon Sour lithium;
(2) autoclave is purged three times with nitrogen, the air in discharge autoclave, then inflated with nitrogen is to 2.0MPa, and closing is high Press kettle intake valve;
(3) 230 DEG C of reaction temperature is heated under conditions of stirring, starts timing when reaching reaction temperature, as anti- Answer zero point;
(4) after reaction terminates for 6 hours, heating is stopped, autoclave kettle is placed in cold water, kettle is dropped to room temperature rapidly, Kettle is driven, and pours out reaction product;
(5) crude product is diluted with isometric petroleum ether, and is added excessive hydrochloric acid and be acidified to pH=2~3;
(6) after acidifying is finished, mixture is centrifuged, catalyst and solid impurity is removed;
(7) supernatant liquor is washed with deionized water to neutrality, and point liquid, upper oil phase anhydrous sodium sulfate drying is stood overnight, It is filtered to remove anhydrous sodium sulfate;
(8) rotary evaporation in vacuo removes petroleum ether, most removes unreacted monomer acids through vacuum distillation afterwards, vacuum distillation Condition is:Gas phase temperature is 240 DEG C, and residual voltage is 133Pa (1mmHg), obtains refined products, C36 unrighted acid dimers Yield be 88.7%.
Embodiment 4
The synthesis of C36 unrighted acid dimers:
(1) fatty acid mixed using the gained of embodiment 1 is placed in autoclave as raw material, adds 10% ion Liquid I is as catalyst, and the quality meter based on above-mentioned fatty acid mixed installs autoclave, and examine air-tightness
(2) autoclave is purged three times with nitrogen, the air in discharge autoclave, then inflated with nitrogen is to 2.0MPa, and closing is high Press kettle intake valve;
(3) 230 DEG C of reaction temperature is heated under conditions of stirring, starts timing when reaching reaction temperature, as anti- Answer zero point;
(4) after reaction terminates for 5 hours, heating is stopped, autoclave kettle is placed in cold water, kettle is dropped to room temperature rapidly, Kettle is driven, and pours out reaction product;
(5) crude product is diluted with isometric petroleum ether, and is added excessive hydrochloric acid and be acidified to pH=2~3;
(6) after acidifying is finished, supernatant liquor is washed with deionized water to neutrality, and point liquid, upper oil phase is dry with anhydrous sodium sulfate It is dry, stand overnight, be filtered to remove anhydrous sodium sulfate, the ionic liquid of lower floor is recyclable to be recycled;
(7) rotary evaporation in vacuo removes petroleum ether, most removes unreacted monomer acids through vacuum distillation afterwards, vacuum distillation Condition is:Gas phase temperature is 240 DEG C, and residual voltage is 133Pa (1mmHg), obtains refined products, C36 unrighted acid dimers Yield be 63.3%.
Embodiment 5
The synthesis of C36 unrighted acid dimers:
Using ionic liquid II as catalyst, other conditions are same as Example 5, prepare refined products, C36 is not The yield of saturated fatty acid dimer is 64.9%.
Embodiment 6
The synthesis of C36 unrighted acid dimers:
Using linoleic acid as raw material, other conditions are same as Example 5, obtain refined products, C36 unrighted acid dimerization The yield of thing is 86.5%.
Embodiment 8
The synthesis of C36 unrighted acid dimers:
Using linoleic acid as raw material, using ionic liquid II as catalyst, other conditions are same as Example 5, are prepared into To refined products, the yield of C36 unrighted acid dimers is 87.4%.
Embodiment 9
In the case of the reaction condition identical of embodiment 4, ion I liquid is investigated and has reused number of times to C36 insatiable hungers With the influence of dimer fatty acid yield, as a result as shown in Figure 1:
Reused by ionic liquid I it can be seen from accompanying drawing 1 after 5 times, the yield base of C36 unrighted acid dimers This holding is stable, illustrates that ionic liquid has good repeat performance.This can be explained in terms of two:(1) ionic liquidAcid centre is to be located at the alkyl sulfonic acid being connected on its cation with covalent bond, and Lewis acid centres are then pair Water andStable anion [the Zn of acidic materials2Cl5]-, therefore the acid centre of ionic liquid not easily runs off;(2) ZnCl2Introducing make the viscosity and proportion of ionic liquid all larger, be conducive to it to be separated with reactant mixture, ionic liquid is existed Loss very little in separation process.
Wear-resistant and corrosion resistant test data:Unsaturated acids, because the presence of double bond, is more easy to be formed in metal surface and adsorbs Film, therefore abrasion resistance is better than linear saturated fatty acids.The corrosivity of aphthenic acids is bigger than dimeric dibasic acid.
The agent, which is added in No. 3 jet fuels of hydrogenation technique production, should meet following index (15~23mg/L of addition):
1. lubricity:Wear scar diameter (WSD) is less than 0.65mm.(SH/T 0687) representative value 0.59mm
2. water separation index:MSEP≥75.(SH/T 0616) representative value 85~95
3. copper corrosion:Less than or equal to 1 grade (GB/T5096)

Claims (6)

1. a kind of method for the antiwear additive for preparing aviation fuel, this method includes:
(A) preparation of fatty acid mixed:Taken off including vegetable oil is mixed into progress saponification with excessive aqueous slkali and appropriate ethanol Glycerine is removed, soap is generated, soap is acidified to pH=2~3, and using petroleum ether extraction oil phase, oil phase is through washing, nothing After aqueous sodium persulfate is dried, petroleum ether is removed using rotary evaporation, fatty acid mixed can be obtained after vacuum drying;
(B2) synthesis of C36 unrighted acids dimer, comprises the following steps:
(1) it is placed in using the fatty acid mixed obtained by linoleic acid or step (A) as raw material in autoclave, adds 9-15% Ionic liquid as catalyst, the quality meter based on linoleic acid or above-mentioned fatty acid mixed installs autoclave, and examine gas Close property, ionic liquid be ionic liquid I or ionic liquid II with following structural formula,
(2) purge autoclave three times with nitrogen, discharge the air in autoclave, then inflated with nitrogen closes autoclave to 2.0MPa Intake valve;
(3) 230-240 DEG C of reaction temperature is heated under conditions of stirring, starts timing when reaching reaction temperature, as anti- Answer zero point;
(4) after reaction terminates for 5-6 hours, heating is stopped, autoclave kettle is placed in cold water, kettle is dropped to room temperature rapidly, open Kettle, and pour out reaction product;
(5) crude product is diluted with isometric petroleum ether, and is added excessive hydrochloric acid and be acidified to pH=2~3;
(6) after acidifying is finished, supernatant liquor is washed with deionized water to neutrality, and point liquid, upper oil phase anhydrous sodium sulfate drying is quiet Put overnight, be filtered to remove anhydrous sodium sulfate, the ionic liquid of lower floor is recyclable to be recycled;
(7) rotary evaporation in vacuo removes petroleum ether, most removes unreacted monomer acids, the condition of vacuum distillation through vacuum distillation afterwards For:Gas phase temperature is 240 DEG C, and residual voltage is 133Pa (1mmHg), obtains refined products, and the refined products include C36 unsaturated lipids Fat acid dimer, the C36 unrighted acid dimers include:Compound more than 65% shown in formula (1), formula (2) institute The compound 25-30% shown, the compound shown in formula (3) is less than 10%, in mass,
2. a kind of method of antiwear additive for preparing aviation fuel described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The ionic liquid I Synthesize following process:
3. a kind of method of antiwear additive for preparing aviation fuel described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The ionic liquid I Specifically use following preparation method:
(1) trimethylamine solution is mixed with PS equimolar in conical flask, stirring reaction 24h at 60 DEG C;
(2) after reaction terminates, rotary distillation removes water, obtains white solid;
(3) re-crystallizing in ethyl acetate, suction filtration are used, and is washed three times;
(4) 80 DEG C of vacuum drying 4h obtain the solid inner salt of white;
(5) inner salt is dissolved with the water of 3 times of quality;
(6) equimolar mass concentration is added dropwise to be acidified for 37% hydrochloric acid, completion of dropping is warming up to 80 DEG C, stirring reaction 3h;
(7) rotary distillation removes water, and 80 DEG C of vacuum drying 4h obtain light yellow viscous liquid, that is, are acidified inner salt;
(8) a certain amount of acidifying inner salt is taken, is 1 with mol ratio:2 zinc chloride mixing, under nitrogen protection, is warming up to 100 DEG C, stirs Mix to solid and all dissolve;
(9) 80 DEG C of vacuum drying 8h, produce thick ionic liquid I.
4. a kind of method of antiwear additive for preparing aviation fuel described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The ionic liquid II Synthesize following process:
5. a kind of method of antiwear additive for preparing aviation fuel described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The ionic liquid II Specific synthesis step it is as follows:
(1) a certain amount of PS is dissolved in the ethyl acetate that its mass number is 5~10 times, is warming up to 40~60 DEG C, equimolar N- methylimidazoles, completion of dropping, 3~5h of insulation reaction is added dropwise;
(2) after reaction terminates, suction filtration obtains white filter cake, and filter cake is washed three times with ethyl acetate;
(3) 100 DEG C of vacuum drying 2h obtain white solid inner salt 3- (1- methylimidazole -3- alkyl)-propyl sulfonic acid salt mim-PS;
(4) a certain amount of inner salt mim-PS is taken, is dissolved in the deionized water that its mass number is 2~4 times;
(5) hydrochloric acid that equimolar mass concentration is 37% is added dropwise, acidifying is finished, is warming up to 70~90 DEG C, stirring reaction 2~ 3h;
(6) rotary distillation removes water, and 80 DEG C of vacuum drying 4h obtain light yellow viscous liquid, that is, are acidified inner salt chlorination 1- (3- sulphurs Acid)-propyl group -3- methylimidazole salts [HO3S-(CH2)3-mim]Cl;
(7) a certain amount of acidifying inner salt is taken, is 1 with mol ratio:2 zinc chloride mixing, under nitrogen protection, is warming up to 90~110 DEG C, stirring to solid is all dissolved;
(8) 80 DEG C of vacuum drying 8h, produce thick ionic liquid II.
6. a kind of method of antiwear additive for preparing aviation fuel described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:(B2) C36 is unsaturated Step (1) in the synthesis of dimer fatty acid, the usage amount of catalyst is 12%.
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CN110746288B (en) * 2019-09-26 2022-07-15 东营佳和新材料科技有限公司 Catalytic synthesis method for improving yield and product quality of dimer acid
CN114437839B (en) * 2020-10-31 2022-11-11 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Tung oil-based aviation fuel antiwear agent and preparation method and application thereof

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