CN104779592B - The network reverse-power protection new method of point-like containing DER based on sequence jump-value of current and its power direction - Google Patents
The network reverse-power protection new method of point-like containing DER based on sequence jump-value of current and its power direction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of (distributed energy resource containing distributed power source based on sequence jump-value of current and its power direction; DER) point-like network reverse-power protection new method; this method considers the influence of DER power producing characteristics and low-voltage load fluctuation to jump-value of current definite value; to identify that inverse probability caused by failure and normal power send phenomenon; and abort situation section is determined using positive-sequence power and negative -sequence power direction, that has finally formulated new inverse probability guard method realizes logical AND fixed value adjusting principle.This method can be effectively improved protective value and improve the stability of the DER hypersynchronous point-like network operations.
Description
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of to be based on sequence jump-value of current and its power side the present invention relates to field of relay protection in power
To the network reverse-power protection method of point-like containing DER.
Background technology
The requirement more and more higher that the development of social economy especially has a power failure in short-term to power supply reliability.Traditional radiativity network
Power supply reliability is mainly improved by the mode of handing in hand, but stills need to have a power failure and turns to supply load.Point-like network (Spot Network)
As a kind of low pressure multi-source and system is supplied, can effectively solve to continue to have a power failure and power cut problem in short-term, is generally acknowledged the most reliable
And power supply mode the most flexible, it is mainly used in the important events such as airport, hospital, large-scale data center.At present, U.S.'s Tennessee
State St.Jude child studies hospital, NBA Memphis Grizzlies team home court gymnasium and Toronto Pearson came International airport etc. are adopted
With the power supply mode.Power supply is concentrated by low-voltage bus bar with load and accessed in point-like network, is advantageous to distributed power source
The Access Control of (Distributed Energy Resource, DER) and energy on-site elimination.Traditional point-like network it is low
Pressure side is configured with reverse-power protection, during for preventing normal operation because each bar inlet wire is contributed serious unbalanced and emergent power falls
Send；Although some corresponding flow control methods can efficient balance inlet wire output problem, DER access capacities are larger and randomness
When contributing stronger, some electric power incoming lines still occur that power is sent so as to cause reverse-power protection to act；And when out of service
When primary voltage meets access conditions, corresponding breaker can close a floodgate again automatically.Above-mentioned two process repeats, and can make circuit
Frequently " jump ", system can not normal operation for switch.It can be seen that the reverse-power protection of traditional point-like network limits to a certain extent
DER access capacities.
The definite value of regulation reverse-power protection is set according to the 0.5% of transformer capacity in IEEE 1547, and definite value is general
For 1kW-2kW, it is difficult to adapt to DER operation characteristics and tolerance access requires.There is expert to propose to increase in reverse-power protection to prolong
Slow link,, should after DER fluctuations cause power to send with reference to inverse probability size decision actuation time according to inverse time characteristic
Protection can postpone tripping, and during medium voltage side failure can snap action, but this method is only applicable to DER low capacity access and entered
The situation of line inverse probability operation in short-term, do not consider that inverse probability size and duration and part throttle characteristics, DER are contributed etc. between factor
Relevance, protect definite value and actuation time setting to lack effective theory support.Also there is thought of the expert based on the protection of station domain,
By monitoring the low-voltage load of point-like network in real time, entering linear heat generation rate and DER is actual contributes, comprehensive descision causes the original of inverse probability
Cause；This method can effectively improve the network operation stability of point-like containing DER during information completely, but information, once lacking, this method will
It can fail.Somebody is proposed when load is lighter, is actively reduced DER and is contributed or directly exit it, to prevent inverse probability
Operation causes protection misoperation, but this method is contributed to tackle by limiting DER, is unfavorable for making full use of for DER.Separately there is expert
For point-like network reverse-power protection protection's dead-zone problem that may be present, propose to be improved by way of memory voltage,
Access without reference to DER influences.In a word, existing point-like network reverse-power protection method is difficult to solve DER tolerance access bands
The influence come.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of reverse-power protection of the network of point-like containing DER
New method, this method determines abort situation section using sequence jump-value of current and its power power direction, and gives novel reverse
Logical AND fixed value adjusting principle is realized in power guard method, it is therefore intended that considers DER power producing characteristics and low-voltage load ripple
The dynamic influence to jump-value of current definite value, and the difference that inverse probability caused by failure is sent with normal power.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
This (the distributed energy containing distributed power source based on sequence jump-value of current and its power direction
Resource, DER) point-like network reverse-power protection method, process is as follows：
(1) when three phase short circuit fault occurs for certain electric power incoming line reverse-power protection upstream, the positive-sequence power of the protection is flowed through
Direction is negative, and flows through the positive-sequence power direction of the protection of remaining electric power incoming line and distributed power source (DER) all for just；
(2) when three phase short circuit fault occurs for certain electric power incoming line reverse-power protection downstream, all electric power incoming line protections are flowed through
And DER positive-sequence power direction is all for just；
(3) when phase fault occurs for certain electric power incoming line reverse-power protection upstream, flow through negative at the electric power incoming line
Sequence power direction is just, and the negative -sequence power direction for flowing through the protection of remaining electric power incoming line and DER is all negative；
(4) when phase fault occurs for certain electric power incoming line reverse-power protection downstream, all electric power incoming line protections are flowed through
And DER negative -sequence power direction is all negative；
(5) although DER generally has intermittent with randomness output feature, for Relative fault electric current, it changes week
Phase is longer, can be considered smooth within certain time, will not cause obvious sequence jump-value of current during its normal operation；Utilize sequence
Jump-value of current can effectively escape the influence of DER power producing characteristics, can identify that failure is drawn with reference to power direction as starting element
Power is sent caused by inverse probability and the DER output that rise is larger.The time is calculated in view of power direction, sequence jump-value of current opens
Need to be kept for certain time after dynamic, the time is decided by Sudden Changing Rate computational methods；
(6) forward-order current Sudden Changing Rate definite value flows through incoming relay-protection by escaping electricity during the low-voltage bus bar maximum threephase load of access
Flow valuve is adjusted, and can escape influence of the low-voltage load startup to positive sequence Sudden Changing Rate：
In formula, Krel- safety factor, it can use 1.05~1.1；Kss- synthesis self-starting coefficient, can use 5~7；Pmax- low
Press the active power of bus maximum threephase load；N-point-like network enters line number, and considers according to N-1 principles；UN- low-voltage bus bar
Rated voltage；Power factor during-system operation；
(7) when single-phase load drastically changes on low-voltage bus bar, its voltage unbalance factor can change, and can be produced in power network
Negative-sequence current Sudden Changing Rate.Provided according to relevant national standard, low pressure public access point voltage unbalance factor need to meet U2/U1≤
4%.Negative-sequence current Sudden Changing Rate definite value flows through the negative-sequence current of incoming relay-protection by escaping when low-voltage bus bar accesses maximum single-phase load
Adjusted：
In formula,Single-phase load power corresponding to-low-voltage bus bar maximum degree of unbalancedness；
(8) when medium voltage side inlet wire head end occurs short-circuit, reverse-power protection should have enough sensitivity, therefore positive sequence Sudden Changing Rate
The sensitivity coefficient of starting element is calculated as follows,
In formula, Ik.re.min.1When symmetrical short-circuit occurs for protection upstream, the minimum positive sequence electricity of corresponding reverse-power protection is flowed through
Flow Sudden Changing Rate；
(9) sensitivity coefficient of negative phase-sequence Sudden Changing Rate starting element is calculated as follows,
In formula, Ik.re.min.2When unsymmetrical short-circuit occurs for protection upstream, the minimum negative phase-sequence of corresponding reverse-power protection is flowed through
Current break value.
Compared with prior art the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Method disclosed in patent of the present invention can effectively distinguish inverse probability operation caused by DER outputs and medium voltage side failure
Caused power send between difference, the stability of the network operation of point-like containing DER can be improved to a certain extent.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is 3 inlet wire point-like network topology structures containing DER.
Accompanying drawing 2 is point-like network reverse-power protection logic chart.
Accompanying drawing 3 is that inlet wire is contributed and DER output waveforms under original protection.
Accompanying drawing 4 is that inlet wire is contributed and DER output waveforms after the failure of inlet wire 1 under original protection.
Accompanying drawing 5 is contributed and DER output waveforms to improve the lower inlet wire of protection.
Accompanying drawing 6 is inlet wire and DER output waveforms after the lower failure of inlet wire 1 of improvement protection.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes the network reverse-power protection method of point-like containing DER based on sequence jump-value of current and its power direction,
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
1st, embodiment 1
(1) reverse-power protection method during three phase short circuit fault
As shown in figure 1, carry out fault signature analysis by taking the network of point-like containing DER with 3 electric power incoming lines as an example.Wherein,For the equivalent electromotive force of each bar inlet wire；For each bar incoming power equivalence internal impedance；For the equivalent impedance of each bar inlet wire；Pi(i=1,2,3) it is reverse-power protection to be analyzed.
By taking inlet wire 1 as an example, in protection P1 upstream and downstreams, i.e. three phase short circuit fault occurs at f1 and f2.Occur at f1
During three-phase shortcircuit, i.e., it is negative that P1 upstreams, which occur to flow through the positive-sequence power direction of the protection during three-phase shortcircuit, and flow through P2, P3 and
DER positive-sequence power direction is just.When three-phase shortcircuit occurring at f2, i.e., in P1 downstreams three-phase shortcircuit, flow through P1, P2, P3
And DER positive-sequence power direction is just.
By judging that positive-sequence power direction can effectively identify the position of three phase short circuit fault.
(2) reverse-power protection method during phase fault
To improve the sensitivity of protection, negative sequence component is considered as in phase fault and its power direction forms criterion.
When phase fault occurs respectively at f1 and f2 in Fig. 1, when short-circuit at f1, that is, when protecting P1 upstream phase faults, flow through
P1 negative -sequence power direction flows through P2 for just, and P3 and DER negative -sequence power direction are negative.Phase fault occurs at f2
When, i.e. when P1 protects downstream fault, it is negative to flow through inlet wire P1, P2, P3 and DER negative phase-sequence active power direction.
It is the position that can determine whether phase fault by negative -sequence power direction.Because medium voltage side neutral point is typically using non-
The effective grounding method of operation, when singlephase earth fault occurs, there is special safeguard measure, do not perform an analysis herein.
(3) relay protective scheme and setting principle
Although DER generally have it is intermittent with randomness output feature, for Relative fault electric current, its period of change compared with
It is long, it can be considered smooth within certain time, obvious sequence jump-value of current will not be caused during its normal operation；Therefore sequence is utilized
Jump-value of current can effectively escape the influence of DER power producing characteristics, can identify that failure is drawn with reference to power direction as starting element
Power is sent caused by inverse probability and the DER output that rise is larger.Reverse-power protection action logic such as Fig. 2 institutes corresponding to inlet wire 1
Show, it is contemplated that power direction calculates the time, and sequence jump-value of current needs to keep certain time t after starting, and the time is decided by be mutated
Measure computational methods.
To escape influence of the low-voltage load startup to positive sequence Sudden Changing Rate, its definite value accesses maximum three-phase by low-voltage bus bar is escaped
The current value that incoming relay-protection is flowed through during load is adjusted：
In formula, Krel- safety factor, it can use 1.05~1.1；Kss- synthesis self-starting coefficient, can use 5~7；Pmax- low
Press the active power of bus maximum threephase load；N-point-like network enters line number, and considers according to N-1 principles；UN- low-voltage bus bar
Rated voltage；Power factor during-system operation.
When single-phase load drastically changes on low-voltage bus bar, its voltage unbalance factor can change, and can be produced in power network negative
Sequence jump-value of current.Provided according to relevant national standard, low pressure public access point voltage unbalance factor need to meet U2/U1≤ 4%.
Negative-sequence current Sudden Changing Rate definite value flows through incoming relay-protection by escaping negative-sequence current when low-voltage bus bar accesses maximum single-phase load is carried out
Adjust：
In formula,Single-phase load power corresponding to-low-voltage bus bar maximum degree of unbalancedness.
(4) sensitivity check method
When medium voltage side inlet wire head end occurs short-circuit, reverse-power protection should have enough sensitivity, therefore positive sequence Sudden Changing Rate opens
The sensitivity coefficient of dynamic element is calculated as follows,
In formula, Ik.re.min.1When symmetrical short-circuit occurs for protection upstream, the minimum positive sequence electricity of corresponding reverse-power protection is flowed through
Flow Sudden Changing Rate.
The sensitivity coefficient of negative phase-sequence Sudden Changing Rate starting element is calculated as follows,
In formula, Ik.re.min.2When unsymmetrical short-circuit occurs for protection upstream, the minimum negative phase-sequence of corresponding reverse-power protection is flowed through
Current break value.
2nd, embodiment 2
Using relevant parameter as shown in Table 1 and Table 2, analyzed by taking the network of point-like containing DER shown in Fig. 1 as an example.
The inlet wire model parameter of table 1
The simulation model load of table 2 and DER parameter lists
| Load 1 | Load 2 | Load 3 | DER | |
| UN(kV) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Type | Invariable power | Invariable power (single-phase) | Invariable power | Blower fan |
| Apparent energy (MVA) | 0.09+j0.001 | 1.33+j0.001 | 2.10+j0.001 | 0.25+j0.05 |
It is assumed that the separate unit peak power with three-phase equipment in low-voltage load be Pmax=0.30MW, institute is with low-voltage load
The separate unit peak power of single-phase equipment is Pmax.a=1.33MW, model parameter is substituted into formula (2), it is whole that negative-sequence current Sudden Changing Rate can be obtained
Definite value Iset2=1.85kA.
DER is put into t=6S, and controls its active power output to be continuously increased；And inlet wire 1 is set to protect in t=19S
Phase fault occurs for upstream.
Under original reverse-power protection, inlet wire is contributed with DER outputs waveform as shown in figure 3, on the premise of steady load, with
DER and contribute and constantly increase, the output of 3 power supplys is gradually reduced, and the emergent power of inlet wire 1 is sent in t=8.75S, P1 protections
Act the tripping of inlet wire 1；When P1 protections upstream occurs short-circuit, traditional reverse-power protection can reliably cut off the faulty line, such as
Shown in Fig. 4.
Under the reverse-power protection that this patent proposes, as shown in figure 5, although DER outputs are larger to cause the emergent power of inlet wire 1
Send, but not yet reach jump-value of current and start definite value, reverse-power protection will not act；As seen from Figure 6, improved inverse probability is protected
Shield still can reliably cut off inlet wire failure.
Under improved reverse-power protection, DER, maximum single-phase and threephase load are accessed and exited caused by influence into
Simulation analysis are gone, as shown in table 3.After DER access low-voltage bus bars inlet wire 1 can be made to produce 80kW power to send, but not yet reached
Start definite value to protection, reverse-power protection will not act.It can be seen that improved reverse-power protection setting valve can be avoided due to load
And positive-negative sequence Sudden Changing Rate caused by DER disturbances, the protection can adapt to DER tolerance accesses and require.
Table 3 improves the lower DER accesses of protection and the influence simulation result of load disturbance
Under improved reverse-power protection, when protecting generation all kinds failure on the diverse location of upstream, its acting characteristic
As shown in table 4, it can be found that the correctness that this patent institute's extracting method is analyzed protection upstream circuit fault power direction character；Point
When shape network incoming relay-protection upstream is broken down, the reverse-power protection of corresponding inlet wire can action message, and other inlet wires
Protection is failure to actuate, and meets protective seletion requirement；Improved reverse-power protection has certain tolerance transition resistance ability, protects
Shield Sensitirity va1ue is all higher than 1.5, disclosure satisfy that protection sensitivity requirements.
Protection act result when table 4 improves inlet wire medium voltage side failure under protection
An example of the present invention is the foregoing is only, does not influence the dilatancy and wide applicability of the present invention.For
For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various forms of changes and improvements.It is all in spirit and principles of the present invention
Within, any change sat is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of network reverse-power protection method of point-like containing DER based on sequence jump-value of current and its power direction, its feature exist
In：
(1) when three phase short circuit fault occurs for certain electric power incoming line reverse-power protection upstream, the positive-sequence power direction of the protection is flowed through
It is negative, and flows through the protection of remaining electric power incoming line and DER positive-sequence power direction all for just；
(2) when three phase short circuit fault occurs for certain electric power incoming line reverse-power protection downstream, flow through all electric power incoming lines protections and
DER positive-sequence power direction is all for just；
(3) when phase fault occurs for certain electric power incoming line reverse-power protection upstream, the negative phase-sequence work(at the electric power incoming line is flowed through
Rate direction is just, and the negative -sequence power direction for flowing through the protection of remaining electric power incoming line and DER is all negative；
(4) when phase fault occurs for certain electric power incoming line reverse-power protection downstream, flow through all electric power incoming lines protections and
DER negative -sequence power direction is all negative；
(5) by the use of sequence jump-value of current as starting element, the influence of DER power producing characteristics can be effectively escaped, with reference to power direction
Can identify inverse probability caused by failure and DER contribute it is larger caused by power give；The time is calculated in view of power direction,
Sequence jump-value of current needs to be kept for certain time after starting, and the time is decided by Sudden Changing Rate computational methods；
(6) forward-order current Sudden Changing Rate definite value flows through incoming relay-protection by escaping current value during the low-voltage bus bar maximum threephase load of access
Adjusted, influence of the low-voltage load startup to positive sequence Sudden Changing Rate can be escaped：
In formula, Krel- safety factor, span are 1.05~1.1；Kss- synthesis self-starting coefficient, span are 5~7；
PmaxThe active power of-low-voltage bus bar maximum threephase load；N-point-like network enters line number, and considers according to N-1 principles；UN—
Low-voltage bus bar rated voltage；Power factor during-system operation；IL.maxBorn for the single maximum three-phase on low-voltage bus bar
Rated current corresponding to load；
(7) negative-sequence current Sudden Changing Rate definite value flows through incoming relay-protection by escaping negative phase-sequence electricity when low-voltage bus bar accesses maximum single-phase load
Stream is adjusted：
In formula,Single-phase load power corresponding to-low-voltage bus bar maximum degree of unbalancedness；IL.max.φTo be single on low-voltage bus bar
Rated current corresponding to maximum single-phase load；
(8) sensitivity coefficient of positive sequence Sudden Changing Rate starting element is calculated as follows,
In formula, Ik.re.min.1When symmetrical short-circuit occurs for protection upstream, the minimum forward-order current mutation of corresponding reverse-power protection is flowed through
Amount；Iset.re.1For the forward-order current Sudden Changing Rate definite value for sensitivity check, with Iset1It is equal in magnitude；
(9) sensitivity coefficient of negative phase-sequence Sudden Changing Rate starting element is calculated as follows,
In formula, Ik.re.min.2When unsymmetrical short-circuit occurs for protection upstream, the minimum negative-sequence current for flowing through corresponding reverse-power protection is dashed forward
Variate-value；Iset.re.2For the negative-sequence current Sudden Changing Rate definite value for sensitivity check, with Iset2It is equal in magnitude.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：Protection upstream is different degrees of with occurring during downstream fault
Positive sequence or negative phase-sequence Sudden Changing Rate, and abort situation is distinguished according to its sequence power direction.
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| CN109066610B (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-01-10 | 华北电力大学 | Island power grid line fault positioning method |
| CN109149643A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-04 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of photovoltaic access capacity improved under dotted network reverse-power protection determines method |
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| US6972972B2 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2005-12-06 | Airak, Inc. | Power inverter with optical isolation |
| CN102882197A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-01-16 | 山东电力集团公司烟台供电公司 | DG (distributed generation)-containing power distribution network distributed protection and control method |
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| JP5602176B2 (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2014-10-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Distributed power control apparatus and distributed power control method |
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| US6972972B2 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2005-12-06 | Airak, Inc. | Power inverter with optical isolation |
| CN102882197A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-01-16 | 山东电力集团公司烟台供电公司 | DG (distributed generation)-containing power distribution network distributed protection and control method |
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