CN104779403A - Method for improving manganese leaching rate of waste zinc-manganese battery by applying ultrasonic technology - Google Patents

Method for improving manganese leaching rate of waste zinc-manganese battery by applying ultrasonic technology Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104779403A
CN104779403A CN201510199505.XA CN201510199505A CN104779403A CN 104779403 A CN104779403 A CN 104779403A CN 201510199505 A CN201510199505 A CN 201510199505A CN 104779403 A CN104779403 A CN 104779403A
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manganese
leaching
waste zinc
ultrasonic
sulfuric acid
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CN104779403B (en
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姚金环
李延伟
吕奕菊
丘雪萍
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Guilin University of Technology
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Guilin University of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/52Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste cells or batteries, e.g. recycling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the leaching rate of manganese in waste zinc-manganese batteries by applying an ultrasonic technology. The method comprises the steps of splitting a waste zinc-manganese battery, screening out a positive electrode material, soaking, filtering, washing, drying, grinding and dispersing to obtain positive electrode material powder, and then carrying out leaching reaction under the action of ultrasonic waves by taking sulfuric acid as a leaching agent and hydrogen peroxide as a reducing agent. The method adopts an ultrasonic technology, shortens the leaching reaction time and improves the leaching rate of manganese in the acid leaching process of the waste zinc-manganese battery.

Description

Method for improving manganese leaching rate of waste zinc-manganese battery by applying ultrasonic technology
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving leaching rate, in particular to a method for improving the leaching rate of manganese in a waste zinc-manganese battery by applying an ultrasonic technology.
Background
China is the country producing the most dry batteries worldwide and accounts for about 34% of the total output worldwide. Wherein 70% of the cells are zinc-manganese cells. The zinc-manganese batteries scrapped in China are about more than 60 ten thousand tons every year, and if the scrapped batteries can be recycled, 7.1 ten thousand tons of zinc and 11.2 ten thousand tons of manganese can be obtained every year, so that the environmental pollution is reduced, and the waste of metal resources is effectively reduced. At present, the most common methods for treating waste zinc-manganese dry batteries in China are manual sorting, dry methods, wet methods and dry and wet methods. The wet processing technology is suitable for large-area popularization, and the method is characterized in that positive and negative electrode materials of a split battery are sorted out and then are pretreated to obtain battery powder, the battery powder is soaked in an acid solution, and then a target component is recovered in a pure metal or metal salt form by utilizing a chemical precipitation, electrochemical deposition, ion exchange or extraction separation method. However, a plurality of key scientific and technical problems of the waste zinc-manganese battery in the wet recovery process are still not solved, and particularly, the defects of long leaching time, high acid concentration, high reaction temperature, overlarge liquid-solid ratio, low leaching efficiency and the like exist in the leaching process. In recent years, the ultrasonic technology is found to enhance the leaching rate of valuable metals in the leaching process, and the action mechanism of the ultrasonic technology is mainly shown in the following aspects: (1) creating new active surfaces; (2) Promoting the development of the original cracks on the surface of the mineral and generating new cracks on the surface; (3) increasing the migration rate of solute in the leaching process; (4) improving the wettability of the solid-liquid interface; (5) promoting chemical reactions, etc. The invention provides a novel method for improving the leaching rate of manganese in waste zinc-manganese batteries by applying an ultrasonic technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the leaching rate of manganese in waste zinc-manganese batteries by applying an ultrasonic technology, which adopts the ultrasonic technology in the acid leaching process of the anode materials of the waste zinc-manganese batteries, increases the contact area of solid and liquid, accelerates the flow and exchange of solid and liquid interfaces, keeps the surface of solid particles highly active, shortens the leaching reaction time and improves the leaching rate of manganese.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: firstly, splitting a waste zinc-manganese battery, and screening out a positive electrode material of the waste zinc-manganese battery; soaking the obtained anode material in distilled water for 24 hours, then carrying out suction filtration, washing with distilled water for 3~4 times, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and grinding and dispersing to obtain the pretreated anode material powder.
(2) Ultrasonic enhanced leaching: adding a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 2.0-4.0 mol/L into a three-mouth flask, placing the three-mouth flask into an ultrasonic reactor, respectively connecting a mechanical stirring device, a condensation reflux device and a thermometer to the three-mouth flask, starting the mechanical stirring device to 400 r/min, adding the anode material powder obtained in the step (1) into the three-mouth flask according to the ratio of the sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 2.0-4.0 mol/L to the anode material powder obtained in the step (1) to 6-14 when the temperature of the sulfuric acid solution reaches 30-70 ℃, simultaneously starting ultrasonic waves (the frequency is 45 kHz and the power is 40-80W), adding hydrogen peroxide with the concentration of 5 mL being 30% by mass, reacting for 20-100 minutes, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a leaching solution.
The invention has the advantages that the ultrasonic technology is adopted, the leaching reaction time of the waste zinc-manganese battery is shortened, and the leaching rate of manganese in the waste zinc-manganese battery is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, it should be noted that the following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention further, but not to limit the scope of the present invention, and that those skilled in the art may make insubstantial modifications and adaptations in light of the above teachings.
Experimental raw materials: waste Nanfu brand mercury-free zinc-manganese battery;
an experimental instrument: ultrasonic cleaning machine (KQ 2200 DE), electric mixer (SJB-S)
Example 1:
influence of ultrasonic power:
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: firstly, splitting a waste zinc-manganese battery, and screening out a positive electrode material of the waste zinc-manganese battery; and soaking the obtained positive electrode material in distilled water for 24 hours, carrying out suction filtration, washing with distilled water for 3 times, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and grinding and dispersing to obtain the pretreated positive electrode material powder.
(2) Ultrasonic enhanced leaching: adding 30 mL sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 3.0mol/L into a three-neck flask of 250 mL, placing the three-neck flask into an ultrasonic reactor, respectively adding a mechanical stirring device, a condensation reflux device and a thermometer on the three-neck flask, starting the mechanical stirring device to 400 r/min, adding 3.0 zxft 4232 powder obtained in the step (1) according to the ratio of the liquid-solid ratio (the ratio of liquid volume mL to solid mass g) of 3.0mol/L sulfuric acid solution to the positive electrode material powder obtained in the step (1) to 10 when the temperature of the sulfuric acid solution reaches 50 ℃, simultaneously starting ultrasonic waves (the frequency is 45 kHz, the power is 40W, 50W, 60W, 70 zxft 3265, W), adding 5 zxft 3525% of hydrogen peroxide, reacting for 60 minutes, and obtaining a solid-liquid leachate after separation.
The results of the experiment were obtained by varying the ultrasonic power and are shown in table 1.
Table 1: influence of ultrasonic power on manganese leaching rate
power/W 40 50 60 70 80
Leaching rate/%) 65.1 69.8 73.3 72.1 71.5
As can be seen from Table 1, the leaching rate of manganese is the highest when the ultrasonic power is 60W.
Example 2:
influence of sulfuric acid concentration:
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: firstly, splitting a waste zinc-manganese battery, and screening out a positive electrode material of the waste zinc-manganese battery; and soaking the obtained positive electrode material in distilled water for 24 hours, carrying out suction filtration, washing with distilled water for 4 times, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and grinding and dispersing to obtain the pretreated positive electrode material powder.
(2) Ultrasonic enhanced leaching: adding 30 mL solutions with the concentration of 2.0 mol/L, 2.5 mol/L, 3.0mol/L, 3.5 mol/L and 4.0 mol/L into five three-mouth flasks of 250 mL respectively, placing the three-mouth flasks into an ultrasonic reactor, respectively adding a mechanical stirring device, a condensation reflux device and a thermometer onto the five three-mouth flasks, starting the mechanical stirring device to 400 r/min, when the temperature of the sulfuric acid solution reaches 50 ℃, respectively adding 3.0 g powders obtained in the step (1) into the five three-mouth flasks according to the liquid-solid ratio (the ratio of liquid volume mL to solid mass g) of the sulfuric acid solution to the powders obtained in the step (1), simultaneously starting ultrasonic waves (the frequency is 45 kHz, the power is 60W), adding 5 3926 z3926 mass percent concentration of 30%, reacting for 60 minutes, and then separating hydrogen peroxide to obtain a solid-liquid leachate.
The results of the experiment are shown in Table 2 by varying the initial concentration of sulfuric acid.
Table 2: effect of sulfuric acid concentration on manganese Leaching Rate
Sulfuric acid concentration/(mol/L) 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Extract rate/%) 60.5 66.3 73.3 73.9 74.4
As can be seen from Table 2, the leaching rate of manganese is higher as the sulfuric acid concentration is higher, but the leaching rate of manganese changes slowly with the sulfuric acid concentration after the concentration reaches 3.0mol/L, and the leaching agent concentration is selected to be 3.0mol/L from the viewpoint of consumption of sulfuric acid.
Example 3:
influence of reaction temperature:
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: firstly, splitting a waste zinc-manganese battery, and screening out a positive electrode material of the waste zinc-manganese battery; and soaking the obtained positive electrode material in distilled water for 24 hours, carrying out suction filtration, washing with distilled water for 4 times, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and grinding and dispersing to obtain the pretreated positive electrode material powder.
(2) Ultrasonic enhanced leaching: adding 30 mL solution with the concentration of 3.0mol/L into five three-mouth flasks of 250 mL respectively, placing the three-mouth flasks into an ultrasonic reactor, respectively adding a mechanical stirring device, a condensation reflux device and a thermometer on the five three-mouth flasks, starting the mechanical stirring device to 400 r/min, respectively adding 3.0mol/L sulfuric acid solution and the anode material powder obtained in the step (1) according to the liquid-solid ratio (the ratio of liquid volume mL to solid mass g) of 10 when the temperature of the sulfuric acid solution reaches 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃ and 70 ℃, respectively adding 3.0 g powder obtained in the step (1), simultaneously starting ultrasonic waves (the frequency is 45 kHz, the power is 60W respectively), adding 5 zxft 3926 hydrogen peroxide with the mass percent concentration of 30%, reacting for 60 minutes, and separating to obtain the solid-liquid leachate.
The experimental results obtained by varying the leaching reaction temperature are shown in table 3.
Table 3: influence of reaction temperature on manganese leaching rate
Reaction temperature/. Degree.C 30 40 50 60 70
Leaching rate/%) 61.6 67.4 73.3 81.4 75.6
As can be seen from Table 3, the reaction temperature was 60 ℃ and the leaching rate of manganese was the highest, and too high a temperature resulted in H 2 O 2 Decomposition results in a decrease in the leaching rate.
Example 4:
influence of liquid-solid ratio:
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: firstly, splitting a waste zinc-manganese battery, and screening out a positive electrode material of the waste zinc-manganese battery; and soaking the obtained positive electrode material in distilled water for 24 hours, carrying out suction filtration, washing with distilled water for 4 times, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and grinding and dispersing to obtain the pretreated positive electrode material powder.
(2) Ultrasonic enhanced leaching: adding 18 mL, 24 mL, 30 mL, 36 mL and 42 mL which are 3.0mol/L sulfuric acid solution and placing in an ultrasonic reactor according to the ratio of the 3.0mol/L sulfuric acid solution to the solid-liquid ratio (the ratio of liquid volume mL to solid mass g) of the positive electrode material powder obtained in the step (1) in five 250 mL three-neck flasks, wherein the ratio of the liquid volume mL to the solid mass g is 6:1, 8:1, 10, 12.
By changing the liquid-solid ratio, the experimental results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4: influence of liquid-solid ratio on manganese leaching rate
Liquid-solid ratio/(mL/g) 6 8 10 12 14
Extract rate/%) 59.3 69.8 81.4 82.6 83.7
As can be seen from table 4, the leaching rate of manganese increases with the increase of the liquid-solid ratio, and when the liquid-solid ratio is greater than 10, the leaching rate of manganese increases slowly with the liquid-solid ratio, and since the larger the liquid-solid ratio, the larger the amount of sulfuric acid, the more waste acid is produced, which is not beneficial to the subsequent process treatment, the optimal liquid-solid ratio is 10.
Example 5:
the leaching effect of manganese is compared with that of manganese without the application of ultrasonic technology:
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: firstly, splitting a waste zinc-manganese battery, and screening out a positive electrode material of the waste zinc-manganese battery; and soaking the obtained positive electrode material in distilled water for 24 hours, carrying out suction filtration, washing with distilled water for 4 times, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and grinding and dispersing to obtain the pretreated positive electrode material powder.
(2) Leaching with or without the application of ultrasonic technology: adding 30 mL sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 3.0mol/L into two 250 mL three-mouth flasks respectively, placing the two three-mouth flasks into an ultrasonic reactor, adding a mechanical stirring device, a condensation reflux device and a thermometer on the two 250 mL three-mouth flasks respectively, starting the mechanical stirring device to 400 r/min, adding 3.0 g positive electrode material powder obtained in the step (1) according to the liquid-solid ratio (the ratio of liquid volume mL to solid mass g) of the 3.0mol/L sulfuric acid solution to the positive electrode material powder obtained in the step (1) when the temperature of the sulfuric acid solution reaches 60 ℃, simultaneously starting ultrasonic waves (the frequency is 45 kHz, the power is 60W) in one case, adding 5 mL hydrogen peroxide with the mass percent concentration of 30%, directly adding 5 mL, reacting for 20 minutes, reacting for 40 minutes, and separating solid from liquid after 100 minutes.
By varying the leaching reaction time, the experimental results are shown in table 5.
Table 5: comparison of manganese leaching rates with and without application of ultrasonic technology
As can be seen from Table 5, under the same leaching conditions, the leaching rate of manganese in the waste zinc-manganese battery can be effectively improved by applying the ultrasonic technology.

Claims (1)

1. A method for improving the leaching rate of manganese in waste zinc-manganese batteries by applying an ultrasonic technology is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: firstly, splitting a waste zinc-manganese battery, and screening out a positive electrode material of the waste zinc-manganese battery; soaking the obtained anode material in distilled water for 24 hours, then carrying out suction filtration, washing with distilled water for 3~4 times, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and grinding and dispersing to obtain pretreated anode material powder;
(2) Ultrasonic enhanced leaching: adding a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 2.0-4.0 mol/L into a three-mouth flask, placing the three-mouth flask into an ultrasonic reactor with the frequency of 45 kHz, respectively adding a mechanical stirring device, a condensation reflux device and a thermometer on the three-mouth flask, starting the mechanical stirring device to 400 r/min, adding the anode material powder obtained in the step (1) into the three-mouth flask according to the liquid-solid ratio of the sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 2.0-4.0 mol/L to the anode material powder obtained in the step (1), namely the ratio of liquid volume mL to solid mass g is 6-14 when the temperature of the sulfuric acid solution reaches 30-70 ℃, simultaneously starting ultrasonic waves with the frequency of 45 kHz and the power of 40-80W, adding hydrogen peroxide with the concentration of 5 mL mass percent of 30%, reacting for 20-100 minutes, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a leaching solution.
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CN105514519A (en) * 2015-12-30 2016-04-20 深圳先进技术研究院 Method for recycling material of waste lithium cobalt oxide battery
CN110527837A (en) * 2019-09-20 2019-12-03 甘肃睿思科新材料有限公司 A kind of efficient leaching method of cell positive material
CN110752384A (en) * 2019-09-16 2020-02-04 东南大学 Recycling method of waste zinc-manganese battery
CN112259754A (en) * 2020-10-22 2021-01-22 上海交通大学 Method for recycling manganese from waste zinc-manganese dry battery positive electrode material and application
CN113308607A (en) * 2021-04-22 2021-08-27 昆明理工大学 Method for enhancing zinc oxide smoke dust leaching by ultrasonic waves and hydrogen peroxide

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105514519A (en) * 2015-12-30 2016-04-20 深圳先进技术研究院 Method for recycling material of waste lithium cobalt oxide battery
CN110752384A (en) * 2019-09-16 2020-02-04 东南大学 Recycling method of waste zinc-manganese battery
CN110527837A (en) * 2019-09-20 2019-12-03 甘肃睿思科新材料有限公司 A kind of efficient leaching method of cell positive material
CN110527837B (en) * 2019-09-20 2020-09-22 甘肃睿思科新材料有限公司 Efficient leaching method of battery positive electrode material
CN112259754A (en) * 2020-10-22 2021-01-22 上海交通大学 Method for recycling manganese from waste zinc-manganese dry battery positive electrode material and application
CN113308607A (en) * 2021-04-22 2021-08-27 昆明理工大学 Method for enhancing zinc oxide smoke dust leaching by ultrasonic waves and hydrogen peroxide

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