CN104777044A - Rotary type high-speed bump test device for circular test piece - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种可旋转式的针对圆形试验件的高速撞击试验装置，包括旋转底座、旋转面板和圆形试验件固定装置，旋转底座与旋转面板通过法兰盘连接，圆形试验件固定装置与旋转面板固定连接，将本装置固定在二级轻气炮的靶舱内，将试验件通过圆形试验件固定装置进行压夹固定；圆形试验件固定装置由三块中心处具有不同直径圆形孔洞的平板叠加组成，中间平板孔洞的直径大于其两侧平板的直径，试验件镶嵌于中间的平板中。本发明装置结构简单，夹持固定试验件方便，能根据实际需要完成对圆形试验件的多角度撞击试验。
The invention provides a rotatable high-speed impact test device for a circular test piece, which includes a rotating base, a rotating panel and a circular test piece fixing device, the rotating base and the rotating panel are connected by a flange, and the circular test piece is fixed The device is fixedly connected with the rotating panel, and the device is fixed in the target compartment of the secondary light gas gun, and the test piece is clamped and fixed by the circular test piece fixing device; the circular test piece fixing device consists of three pieces with different The flat plates with circular holes in diameter are superimposed. The diameter of the hole in the middle plate is larger than the diameter of the plates on both sides. The test piece is embedded in the middle plate. The device of the invention has simple structure, is convenient to clamp and fix the test piece, and can complete the multi-angle impact test on the circular test piece according to actual needs.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于空间碎片防护试验技术领域，具体涉及一种可旋转式的针对圆形试验件的高速撞击试验装置。 The invention belongs to the technical field of space debris protection tests, and in particular relates to a rotatable high-speed impact test device for circular test pieces.
背景技术 Background technique
空间碎片，又称太空垃圾，是人类空间活动中丢弃在太空中的废弃物。随着人类航天事业的发展，空间碎片的空间密度日益增加，已经对航天器的安全造成威胁，且其数量仍在高速增长。大空间碎片的撞击会使航天器姿态和轨道发生改变，更严重的是会导致航天器破损甚至完全解体；小空间碎片的撞击会使航天器表面性能改变，部分器件损伤或失效，使航天器丧失功能。目前地基设备只能对厘米级及更大的碎片进行观测、跟踪和编目，航天器可以根据空间碎片的轨道参数进行规避和机动飞行，以避免撞毁；小空间碎片(＜1cm)数量众多，但无法进行轨道测量，只能采取被动防护的方法，在航天器总体设计、防护结构和材料方面着手，降低小空间碎片的威胁。而解决航天器的空间碎片防护问题的首要问题应该是建立并完善具备超高速撞击试验能力的地面模拟设备。气体炮作为通用有效的高速撞击模拟设备，不仅可以发射各种形状的弹丸，而且对弹丸的质量、尺寸和材料有宽广的适应范围。二级轻气炮作为气体炮的一种，是模拟空间碎片超高速碰撞效应的重要设备。二级轻气炮的工作原理如图9所示。其工作原理为：泵管(一级炮发射管)抽真空后注入一定气压的轻质气体，高速运动的活塞绝热压缩轻质气体使其在泵管末端形成一个高压气室，当这个气室的气压超过隔离膜片的承受能力后则破膜发射装有弹丸的弹托，当弹托进入膨胀段后，弹托被弹托挡板挡住，弹托内的弹丸继续飞行进入靶舱，击中试验件。在进行高速撞击试验时，为了防止高速弹丸在进入靶舱内与靶舱内的空气摩擦而烧蚀弹丸，必须对靶舱抽真空处理。 Space debris, also known as space junk, is the waste discarded in space during human space activities. With the development of human spaceflight, the space density of space debris is increasing day by day, which has threatened the safety of spacecraft, and its number is still growing at a high speed. The impact of large space debris will change the attitude and orbit of the spacecraft, and more seriously, it will cause damage or even complete disintegration of the spacecraft; the impact of small space debris will change the surface performance of the spacecraft, damage or fail some components, and make the spacecraft Loss of function. At present, ground-based equipment can only observe, track and catalog centimeter-sized and larger debris, and spacecraft can evade and maneuver according to the orbital parameters of space debris to avoid crashes; there are a large number of small space debris (<1cm), However, orbit measurement cannot be carried out, so passive protection methods can only be adopted, starting from the overall design of the spacecraft, protective structure and materials, to reduce the threat of small space debris. The most important issue to solve the space debris protection problem of spacecraft should be to establish and improve the ground simulation equipment with the ability of ultra-high speed impact test. As a universal and effective high-speed impact simulation device, gas cannon can not only launch projectiles of various shapes, but also has a wide range of adaptation to the quality, size and material of projectiles. As a kind of gas cannon, the secondary light gas cannon is an important equipment for simulating the super-high-speed collision effect of space debris. The working principle of the two-stage light gas gun is shown in Figure 9. Its working principle is: the pump tube (first-stage gun launch tube) is vacuumed and injected with a certain pressure of light gas, and the high-speed moving piston adiabatically compresses the light gas to form a high-pressure gas chamber at the end of the pump tube. When the gas chamber After the air pressure exceeds the bearing capacity of the isolation diaphragm, the membrane is ruptured and the bullet holder with the projectile is launched. When the bullet holder enters the expansion section, the bullet holder is blocked by the bullet holder baffle, and the projectile in the bullet holder continues to fly into the target compartment. middle test piece. During the high-speed impact test, in order to prevent the high-speed projectile from entering the target chamber and ablation the projectile by friction with the air in the target chamber, it is necessary to vacuumize the target chamber.
然而二级轻气炮被应用在空间碎片地面模拟试验中往往面临轻气炮发射的弹丸始终保持在一条直线上，导致弹丸基本都是正撞击在靶件上，无法完成多角度的高速撞击试验。此外，相较于矩形或方形试验件，圆形试验件有着独有的轴对称性，但其夹持固定存在困难。 However, when the second-level light gas cannon is used in the space debris ground simulation test, the projectiles fired by the light gas cannon are always kept in a straight line, resulting in the projectiles basically colliding with the target, and it is impossible to complete the multi-angle high-speed impact test. In addition, compared with rectangular or square test pieces, circular test pieces have unique axial symmetry, but there are difficulties in clamping and fixing them.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为解决上述不足，提供一种可旋转式的针对圆形试验件的高速撞击试验装置。 The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a rotatable high-speed impact test device for a circular test piece.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种可旋转式的针对圆形试验件的高速撞击试验装置，包括旋转底座、旋转面板和圆形试验件固定装置，旋转底座与旋转面板通过法兰盘连接，圆形试验件固定装置与旋转面板固定连接，将本装置固定在二级轻气炮的靶舱内，将试验件通过圆形试验件固定装置进行压夹固定；圆形试验件固定装置由三块中心处具有不同直径圆形孔洞的平板叠加组成，中间平板孔洞的直径大于其两侧平板的直径，试验件镶嵌于中间的平板中。 The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a rotatable high-speed impact test device for a circular test piece, including a rotating base, a rotating panel and a circular test piece fixing device, the rotating base and the rotating panel pass through the The blue plate connection, the circular test piece fixing device is fixedly connected with the rotating panel, the device is fixed in the target cabin of the second-level light gas gun, and the test piece is clamped and fixed by the circular test piece fixing device; the circular test piece The fixing device is composed of three flat plates with circular holes of different diameters in the center. The diameter of the hole in the middle plate is larger than that of the plates on both sides. The test piece is embedded in the middle plate.
本发明还具有如下技术特征：一种可旋转式的针对圆形试验件的高速撞击试验装置的使用方法，使用如上所述的装置，步骤如下： The present invention also has the following technical features: a method for using a rotatable high-speed impact test device for a circular test piece, using the above-mentioned device, the steps are as follows:
(一)、本装置结合二级轻气炮使用，将本装置固定在二级轻气炮的靶舱内，将试验件通过圆形试验件固定装置进行压夹固定； (1), the device is used in conjunction with the secondary light gas gun, the device is fixed in the target compartment of the secondary light gas gun, and the test piece is clamped and fixed by the circular test piece fixing device;
(二)、旋转底座的法兰盘能够使旋转面板在15°、30°、45°和60°旋转，调整好角度，通过螺栓将旋转面板固定在选定的试验角度； (2) The flange of the rotating base can rotate the rotating panel at 15°, 30°, 45° and 60°, adjust the angle, and fix the rotating panel at the selected test angle through bolts;
(三)、通过二级轻气炮在设定的速度下发射指定弹丸以不同角度撞击特定材料圆形试验件。 (3) The specified projectiles are fired at a set speed through the secondary light gas gun to hit the circular test piece of a specific material at different angles.
本发明的有益效果为： The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明装置结构简单，夹持固定试验件方便，能根据实际需要完成对圆形试验件的多角度撞击试验。 The device of the invention is simple in structure, convenient to clamp and fix the test piece, and can complete the multi-angle impact test on the circular test piece according to actual needs.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明的旋转底座示意图； Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rotating base of the present invention;
图2是本发明的旋转面板示意图； Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rotating panel of the present invention;
图3是本发明的圆形试验件固定装置的三块平板示意图； Fig. 3 is three flat plate schematic diagrams of the circular test piece fixture of the present invention;
图4是本发明的整体结构示意图； Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
图5是旋转角为0度时的本装置示意图； Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the device when the rotation angle is 0 degrees;
图6是旋转角为15度时的本装置示意图； Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the device when the rotation angle is 15 degrees;
图7是旋转角为30度时的本装置示意图； Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the device when the rotation angle is 30 degrees;
图8是旋转角为45度时的本装置示意图； Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the device when the rotation angle is 45 degrees;
图9为二级轻气炮工作原理图。 Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the two-stage light gas gun.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图举例对本发明作进一步的说明： The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing example:
实施例1 Example 1
如图1、图2和图4所示，一种可旋转式的针对圆形试验件的高速撞击试验装置，包括旋转底座102、旋转面板202和圆形试验件固定装置203，旋转底座102与旋转面板202通过法兰盘连接，能实现旋转面板的多角度旋转，圆形试验件固定装置203与旋转面板202固定连接，保证弹着点在板件的中心位置，将本装置固定在二级轻气炮的靶舱内，将试验件通过圆形试验件固定装置203进行压夹固定，圆形试验件固定装置203由三块中心处具有不同直径圆形孔洞的平板叠加组成，中间平板孔洞的直径大于其两侧平板的直径，试验件镶嵌于中间的平板中，两侧平板起到夹持固定作用。 As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 4, a rotatable high-speed impact test device for a circular test piece includes a rotating base 102, a rotating panel 202 and a circular test piece fixing device 203, the rotating base 102 and The rotating panel 202 is connected by a flange, which can realize the multi-angle rotation of the rotating panel. The circular test piece fixing device 203 is fixedly connected with the rotating panel 202 to ensure that the point of impact is at the center of the plate. In the target compartment of the cannon, the test piece is clamped and fixed by the circular test piece fixing device 203. The circular test piece fixing device 203 is composed of three flat plates with circular holes of different diameters at the center, and the diameter of the hole in the middle plate is Greater than the diameter of the flat plates on both sides, the test piece is embedded in the middle flat plate, and the flat plates on both sides play the role of clamping and fixing.
本发明的使用方法： The using method of the present invention:
(一)结合二级轻气炮使用，将本装置固定在二级轻气炮的靶舱内，将试验件通过圆形试验件固定装置203进行压夹固定。 (1) Used in conjunction with the secondary light gas gun, the device is fixed in the target compartment of the secondary light gas gun, and the test piece is clamped and fixed by the circular test piece fixing device 203.
(二)、旋转底座的法兰盘设计能够实现旋转面板15、30、45、60角度的旋转，调整好角度，通过螺栓401将旋转面板固定在选定的试验角度。 (2) The flange plate design of the rotating base can realize the rotation of the rotating panel at 15, 30, 45, and 60 angles, adjust the angle, and fix the rotating panel at the selected test angle through the bolt 401.
(三)、通过二级轻气炮在设定的速度下发射指定弹丸以不同角度撞击特定材料圆形试验件。 (3) The specified projectiles are fired at a set speed through the secondary light gas gun to hit the circular test piece of a specific material at different angles.
实施例2 Example 2
如图5、图6、图7、图8所示，旋转面板的旋转角度分别为0度、15度、30度、45度，调整好试验的角度，通过螺栓401将旋转面板与旋转底座有效的固定，通过旋转底座和面板实现由圆形试验件固定装置夹持固定的圆形试验件撞击角度的改变。本装置可以为航空航天领域结构材料的空间碎片风险评估与结构优化设计提供试验依据。 As shown in Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, and Figure 8, the rotation angles of the rotating panel are 0 degrees, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees. The fixation of the circular test piece clamped and fixed by the circular test piece fixing device can change the impact angle by rotating the base and the panel. The device can provide experimental basis for space debris risk assessment and structural optimization design of structural materials in the aerospace field.
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| CN111855124B (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2022-05-06 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Device and method for controlling bullet posture in impact test |
| CN110104229A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | For high speed or the pressure-bearing device of hypervelocity impact X-ray shooting panus |
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