CN104776941A - Adaptive amplification system for echo signal of ultrasonic heat meter - Google Patents
Adaptive amplification system for echo signal of ultrasonic heat meter Download PDFInfo
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- CN104776941A CN104776941A CN201510010633.5A CN201510010633A CN104776941A CN 104776941 A CN104776941 A CN 104776941A CN 201510010633 A CN201510010633 A CN 201510010633A CN 104776941 A CN104776941 A CN 104776941A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an adaptive amplification system for an echo signal of an ultrasonic heat meter. The adaptive amplification system comprises an A/D (analog/digital) conversion module, a memory, a single-chip microcomputer, a digital potentiometer and a programmable gain amplifier which are connected in sequence; the adaptive amplification system is characterized in that the A/D conversion module is used for converting the acquired noise-containing ultrasonic echo signal and storing a converted signal in the memory; the memory is used for transmitting the converted signal into the single-chip microcomputer through a parallel interface; the single-chip microcomputer is used for calculating a result with a waveform digital operation extraction method and controlling the digital potentiometer to output a corresponding resistance value so as to adjust an amplification factor of the programmable gain amplifier and keep constant amplitude of the amplified echo signal.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to heat metering equipment technical field, relate to a kind of a kind of ultrasonic calorimeter echoed signal self-adaptation amplification system regulating enlargement factor in ultrasonic calorimeter according to echoed signal energy size adaptation.
Background technology
Along with Chinese energy is in short supply and air pollution constantly aggravates, in order to the policy of the call and energy-saving and emission-reduction that respond national All-round, Coordinated and Sustainable Development, reducing energy consumption must be carried out to China's Winter heat supply system, adopt and replace payment at a lump rate meterage originally imperative according to household metering.Calorimeter is as the important component part in heat metering in reducing energy consumption, and its price, reliability etc. will certainly affect the carrying out of whole heat supply transformation.
According to statistics, the existing house calorimeter demand in the whole nation is about 2,500 ten thousand at present, estimates that the demand year of the coming five years China calorimeter increases and will remain on more than 30%.Ultrasonic calorimeter has plug and play, and the impact that is stressed is less, mechanical device damage, and once check and correction can use for a long time, and cost is reasonable, and therefore ultrasonic calorimeter will occupy the dominant contribution in calorimeter market.
Ultrasonic calorimeter at heat supply pipeline excitation ultrasound ripple mainly through ultrasonic transducer, calculates echoed signal calculating concurrent-countercurrent poor for time of arrival, completes the metering of flow with this.Therefore the acquisition process of ultrasonic echo signal decides the accuracy of calorimeter metering.Current domestic heat supply water quality is poor, in the anhydrous natural sedimentation of the long-time pipeline of non-heating period, reflector plate very easily produces scale formation, fouling can make ultrasonic scatterer, strength retrogression etc., ultrasonic echo signal is caused to decay, making ultrasonic calorimeter using one or two for after warm season, occurring that measurement deviation strengthens non-metering phenomenon even.A kind of economically viable method adopts amplifying circuit to amplify ultrasonic echo signal, adjusts outside comparative voltage threshold value to reduce the probability of noise false triggering simultaneously.The threshold value of enlargement factor on comparative voltage of amplifying circuit arranges impact very greatly, is related to the accuracy that calorimeter is measured, and the calorimeter of most band amplifying circuit all adopts fixing enlargement factor at present, then rule of thumb arranges comparative voltage threshold value.The method bad adaptability, along with the change of ultrasonic calorimeter echoed signal, the signal amplitude that amplifying circuit exports also constantly changes, and like this when carrying out threshold value and comparing triggering, the comparison of system postpones also can change, and affects precision.Partial heat table have employed the amplifying circuit of controlled enlargement factor, by carrying out A/D sampling to echoed signal, directly will sample echo-peak and being averaged, with this control amplifier enlargement factor.But when calorimeter echoed signal is very faint, when being even buried in noise signal, the peak value used can not react the energy size of true echo, arranges amplifier magnification ratio will cause very big error with this.Therefore can the ultrasonic echo signal under strong noise environment effectively be processed, extract its true amplitude signal, ultrasonic amplifying circuit enlargement factor is controlled in this, as benchmark, significant to the adaptive faculty of raising ultrasonic calorimeter in complex environment.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly to solve the problem, in ultrasonic calorimeter, adopt the echoed signal that ensemble empirical mode decomposition method is right to carry out fast decoupled, extract wherein satisfactory echo component, according to extraction echo amplitude size, control ultrasonic calorimeter enlargement factor, thus realize self-adaptation amplification under weak echo signal, strengthen the adaptive faculty of calorimeter in poor water quality.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of ultrasonic calorimeter echoed signal self-adaptation amplification system, comprise the A/D analog-to-digital conversion module, storer, single-chip microcomputer, digital regulation resistance, the programmable gain amplifier that connect successively, it is characterized in that: the ultrasonic echo signal of the Noise collected is changed by described A/D analog-to-digital conversion module, and by echoed signal stored in storer, storer sends echoed signal into single-chip microcomputer by parallel port; The echoed signal of adopting is carried out empirical mode decomposition (EMD) by single-chip microcomputer, obtain several decomposed signals (IMF), select its frequency domain closest to ultrasound wave emission signal frequency one (if decompose rear two all close, superposed) as the true value of echoed signal, and calculate its peak average value; Remaining can as interference noise signal; Single-chip microcomputer is according to climate digital computing extraction method result of calculation, and control figure potentiometer exports corresponding resistance, thus adjustment programmable gain amplifier enlargement factor, maintain the echoed signal constant amplitude after amplifying.
Described climate digital computing extraction method comprises a kind of ultrasonic echo signal based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and decomposes extraction algorithm, for extracting under strong noise background ultrasonic calorimeter weak echo signal and process.
Climate digital computing extraction method concrete steps are as follows:
(1)a/D module is adopted and the echoed signal imported in single-chip microcomputer according to time series for being arranged as
x (t), and obtain all Local Extremum;
(2)find out signal
x (t)all maximum points, utilize three spline functions to simulate maximum point envelope
e max (t); In like manner, matching minimum point envelope
e min (t); Calculate the mean value of upper and lower envelope:
(3)original signal and envelope average are done the new signal that difference obtains eliminating low frequency signal
h11 (
t), that is:
Judge
h11 (
t) be whether a basic mode component; If
h11 (
t) be not an Intrinsic mode functions, namely
m(
t) in still there is asymmetrical wave, then with
h11 (
t) be pending data, repeat above process, until
hk 1 (
t) be an Intrinsic mode functions, then an IMF component of original signal is designated as:
(4)deduct one-component from original signal after, gained signal is
x 1(
t), will
x 1(
t) as new processed signal, repeat above step, until
x n(
t) be monotonic signal; Original signal remainder is:
Due in actual computation process, the average of upper and lower envelope cannot be zero, therefore introduces and stops the threshold value of iteration as stopping mark:
Finally
x (t)be broken down into n Intrinsic mode functions and a residual components:
(5)analyze the frequency domain extracting signal, select wherein to launch the one-component of pumping signal as echo true signal closest to ultrasound wave.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, a kind of ultrasonic calorimeter echoed signal self-adaptation amplification system of the present invention's proposition, obtain echo true value by carrying out empirical mode decomposition extraction to weak echo signal and control programmable gain amplifier with this, make when ultrasonic echo signal amplitude changes, amplify output signal amplitude stability, thus ensure that external comparison circuit accurate comparison.Under the method can realize weak echo signal, self-adaptation is amplified, and strengthens the adaptive faculty of calorimeter in poor water quality.
2, the present invention proposes Empirical Mode Decomposition Algorithm and extracts ultrasonic echo signal true value under strong noise background, and empirical mode decomposition is that occur in recent years a kind of processes fresh target data analysing method that is non-linear, non-stationary signal.Signal decomposition can become several according to the basic friction angle function (Intrinsic Mode Function, IMF) of frequency height arrangement by it, and each IMF is a base unit amount signal.The method is adaptable, and decomposition rate is fast, and decomposable process does not need to preset basis function, according to the suitable mode function of the adaptive generation of the feature of signal itself, can be highly suitable for ultrasonic calorimeter echo signal processing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is theory structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention adopts EMD to decompose echoed signal extraction result schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the invention will be further described.
According to Fig. 1-Fig. 2: a kind of ultrasonic calorimeter echoed signal of the present invention self-adaptation amplification system, comprise the A/D analog-to-digital conversion module, storer, single-chip microcomputer, digital regulation resistance, the programmable gain amplifier that connect successively, it is characterized in that: the ultrasonic echo signal of the Noise collected is changed by described A/D analog-to-digital conversion module, and by echoed signal stored in storer, storer sends echoed signal into single-chip microcomputer by parallel port; The echoed signal of adopting is carried out empirical mode decomposition (EMD) by single-chip microcomputer, obtain several decomposed signals (IMF), select its frequency domain closest to ultrasound wave emission signal frequency one (if decompose rear two all close, superposed) as the true value of echoed signal, and calculate its peak average value; Remaining can as interference noise signal; Single-chip microcomputer is according to climate digital computing extraction method result of calculation, and control figure potentiometer exports corresponding resistance, thus adjustment programmable gain amplifier enlargement factor, maintain the echoed signal constant amplitude after amplifying.
Described climate digital computing extraction method comprises a kind of ultrasonic echo signal based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and decomposes extraction algorithm, for extracting under strong noise background ultrasonic calorimeter weak echo signal and process.
Climate digital computing extraction method concrete steps are as follows:
(1)a/D module is adopted and the echoed signal imported in single-chip microcomputer according to time series for being arranged as
x (t), and obtain all Local Extremum;
(2)find out signal
x (t)all maximum points, utilize three spline functions to simulate maximum point envelope
e max (t); In like manner, matching minimum point envelope
e min (t); Calculate the mean value of upper and lower envelope:
(3)original signal and envelope average are done the new signal that difference obtains eliminating low frequency signal
h11 (
t), that is:
Judge
h11 (
t) be whether a basic mode component; If
h11 (
t) be not an Intrinsic mode functions, namely
m(
t) in still there is asymmetrical wave, then with
h11 (
t) be pending data, repeat above process, until
hk 1 (
t) be an Intrinsic mode functions, then an IMF component of original signal is designated as:
(4)deduct one-component from original signal after, gained signal is
x 1(
t), will
x 1(
t) as new processed signal, repeat above step, until
x n(
t) be monotonic signal; Original signal remainder is:
Due in actual computation process, the average of upper and lower envelope cannot be zero, therefore introduces and stops the threshold value of iteration as stopping mark:
Finally
x (t)be broken down into n Intrinsic mode functions and a residual components:
(5)analyze the frequency domain extracting signal, select wherein to launch the one-component of pumping signal as echo true signal closest to ultrasound wave.
Embodiment 1:
According to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2: in figure, A/D analog-to-digital conversion module adopts ADS822E analog to digital converter, be 10 40MHz analog to digital conversion cores that TI company produces; Storer adopts IDT7205L15 digital memory chip; Programmable gain amplifier adopts precision operational-amplifier and the integrated single supply instrument amplifier of AD623 of OP37G high speed and pole low noise, and the first order as system is amplified, and blocks the noise signal not meeting echo frequency feature; The X9241 digital regulation resistance that digital regulation resistance adopts Xicor company to produce, X9241 digital regulation resistance is the CMOS microcircuit four non-volatile digital potentiometers being integrated in a monolithic, single digital potentiometer comprises 63 resistance units, can realize 64 gain per stages to control, four potentiometer series connection then can provide the gain of 256 grades to control.
First system is carried out amplification and is demarcated before formally measuring, first calorimeter excites each ultrasound wave, receive through ADS822E high-speed a/d sample conversion after echoed signal, due to the restriction of single-chip microcomputer processing speed, A/D sample conversion result is first stored in IDT7205L15 digital memory chip; Single-chip microcomputer, by reading the data in IDT7205L15 digital memory chip, calls EMD program and extracts echoed signal, selects the group component closest to transmission frequency as echo true value and calculates its peak average value; Remaining can as interference noise signal; Single-chip microcomputer is according to climate digital computing extraction method result of calculation, and control figure potentiometer exports corresponding resistance, thus adjustment programmable gain amplifier enlargement factor, maintain the echoed signal constant amplitude after amplifying.
Because in a period of time, the change of system echoes amplitude is a process slowly, after once demarcating, the short time is interior without the need to again demarcating, and AD sample conversion circuit can be closed, with keeping system low-power consumption.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention adopts EMD to decompose echoed signal extraction result schematic diagram, and as can be seen from the figure the effective echoed signal be buried in noise can effectively extract by empirical mode decomposition.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a ultrasonic calorimeter echoed signal self-adaptation amplification system, comprise the A/D analog-to-digital conversion module, storer, single-chip microcomputer, digital regulation resistance, the programmable gain amplifier that connect successively, it is characterized in that: the ultrasonic echo signal of the Noise collected is changed by described A/D analog-to-digital conversion module, and by echoed signal stored in storer, storer sends echoed signal into single-chip microcomputer by parallel port; The echoed signal of adopting is carried out empirical mode decomposition (EMD) by single-chip microcomputer, obtain several decomposed signals (IMF), select its frequency domain closest to ultrasound wave emission signal frequency one (if decompose rear two all close, superposed) as the true value of echoed signal, and calculate its peak average value; Remaining can as interference noise signal; Single-chip microcomputer is according to climate digital computing extraction method result of calculation, and control figure potentiometer exports corresponding resistance, thus adjustment programmable gain amplifier enlargement factor, maintain the echoed signal constant amplitude after amplifying;
Described climate digital computing extraction method comprises a kind of ultrasonic echo signal based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and decomposes extraction algorithm, for extracting under strong noise background ultrasonic calorimeter weak echo signal and process;
Climate digital computing extraction method concrete steps are as follows:
(1)a/D module is adopted and the echoed signal imported in single-chip microcomputer according to time series for being arranged as
x (t), and obtain all Local Extremum;
(2)find out signal
x (t)all maximum points, utilize three spline functions to simulate maximum point envelope
e max (t); In like manner, matching minimum point envelope
e min (t); Calculate the mean value of upper and lower envelope:
(3)original signal and envelope average are done the new signal that difference obtains eliminating low frequency signal
h11 (
t), that is:
Judge
h11 (
t) be whether a basic mode component; If
h11 (
t) be not an Intrinsic mode functions, namely
m(
t) in still there is asymmetrical wave, then with
h11 (
t) be pending data, repeat above process, until
hk 1 (
t) be an Intrinsic mode functions, then an IMF component of original signal is designated as:
(4)deduct one-component from original signal after, gained signal is
x 1(
t), will
x 1(
t) as new processed signal, repeat above step, until
x n(
t) be monotonic signal; Original signal remainder is:
Due in actual computation process, the average of upper and lower envelope cannot be zero, therefore introduces and stops the threshold value of iteration as stopping mark:
Finally
x (t)be broken down into n Intrinsic mode functions and a residual components:
(5)analyze the frequency domain extracting signal, select wherein to launch the one-component of pumping signal as echo true signal closest to ultrasound wave.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510010633.5A CN104776941A (en) | 2015-01-09 | 2015-01-09 | Adaptive amplification system for echo signal of ultrasonic heat meter |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110243486A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-09-17 | 上海申矽凌微电子科技有限公司 | Full temperature high-precision temperature sensor-based system, method and medium |
| CN113608475A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-05 | 江苏亮点光电研究有限公司 | Terminal processing device of self-adaptive measurement range of ceilometer |
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