CN104776800B - Rice list tiller image collecting device and morphological parameters extracting method - Google Patents
Rice list tiller image collecting device and morphological parameters extracting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to rice list tiller image collecting device and rice vein curve and leaf angle extraction method.A kind of rice list evil image collecting device, its main body include camera, support, background board, computer, camera head fixing device, adjustable plate, stalk fixing device, verification paper composition；Camera is fixed on support by camera head fixing device, and by selecting the height of fixed position adjustments camera；Background board is the plank for black, and stalk fixing device is one piece of wooden unit with iron hairpin, and stalk is inserted on iron hairpin during shooting image；Adjustable plate can adjust the distance of camera and background board；Camera is that high definition network head is directly connected on computers, and the software carried by camera shoots rice tillering image；It is a blank sheet of paper for retouching black isometric net point to verify paper.It is convenient, fast, accurate using the device and method collection rice list tiller image, extraction rice vein curve and leaf angle of the present invention, it is leaf and the extraction of parameter provides hardware and method for rice, underlying parameter can be provided for the simulation of rice plant shape and optimization design.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the device and method of data acquisition and processing, especially water needed for the description of rice plant shape exact magnitude
The accurate extracting method of rice list tiller image collecting device and rice vein curve and leaf angle.
Background technology
China's rice yield once had to be broken through twice, when the high stalk of rice change it is of short stem, it is short second, Semidwarf rice changes hybrid rice
Stalk kind is increased production than long-stalked variety, hybrid paddy rice increases production than short-stalked variety, and its common essence is plant type improvement.Plant type improvement process point
For two stages, the first stage is breeding wheat for semidwarfness, and second stage is Ideotype Breeding, and the developing direction for thinking Plant-type Breeding is shape
State is taken into account with function, and ideotype is combined with use of advantage.
The plant type of broad sense refers to the assembling form of comprehensive biological character and its overall expression, and it not only includes plant
Morphological feature, space arrangement mode, and some function characters including being directly associated with colony light-use, such as give birth to
Phase, photosynthesis characteristics, storehouse source stream harmony, ratio of grain to straw, dormant trait, resistance, need fertilizer, point allusion quotation etc..The plant shape system of narrow sense
Refer to the relation between the morphological feature of plant, space arrangement mode and each character, such as plant height, tiller is collecting and distributing, blade
Length, width and angle, fringe shape, arrangement mode of the individual in colony and its geometry etc..Plant shape means plant
Relation between morphological feature, space arrangement mode and each character, such as plant height, tiller is collecting and distributing, length of blade, width
And the arrangement mode and its geometry of angle, fringe shape, individual in colony etc..
Plant type simulation is the relation between morphological feature, space arrangement mode and each character to crop, such as plant height
It is short, tiller is collecting and distributing, the mould of the arrangement mode and its geometry of the length of blade, width and angle, fringe shape, individual in colony
Intend.The basis of plant type simulation is plant type model.The purpose of plant type simulation is the selection for ideotype, and field management provides reason
By support.
The main information that plant type simulation at present uses is leaf area distribution and the light distribution of rice canopy vertical space.Extraction
More rich plant type information, the research of multi-angle can be provided for ideotype, be advantageous to improve the validity of model.Vein curve
The research of simulation is not rare, such as Shi Chunlin（Stone spring woods morphology builds up model and virtual growth research [D] Nanjing:South
Capital agriculture university, 2006.）, Guo Yan（The mathematical description of Guo Yan, Li Bao state maize canopies is studied with 2-d reconstruction, using ecology
Journal, 1999,10 (1):39-41）Deng all studying, however the collection of vein curve data and based on vein curve data really never
See.The method and apparatus of leaf angular measurement are relatively more, and the method for conventional ordinary surveying Measurement of Leaf Area In Rice mainly has：Determine blade angle
Typically use the direct method of measurement, graphing method and Leaf-area index.The direct method of measurement is directly determined with protractor, accuracy compared with
Difference；Graphing method is that pulvinus and blade tip position paint on paper, and is then determined with protractor, compares accurately but finding speed is slow, no
Suitable for a large amount of measure；Leaf-area index needs the calculating of special instrument and complexity, relatively more abstract to be difficult to popularize.In addition, it is same
When determine base angle, the first transaction of a day's business angle and degree of hanging down loosely, it is in aforementioned manners and difficult.Xu Zhengjin（Xu Zhengjin, Dong Ke rice leafs
Assay method [J] Agricultural University Of Shenyang journal, 1991,22 (2) while base angle, the first transaction of a day's business angle and degree of hanging down loosely: 185-
187.）It is measurement that angle simplifies leaf angle that the assay plate of blade base angle, the first transaction of a day's business angle and degree of hanging down loosely can be determined simultaneously by, which designing,
However, it can not provide the information of more vein curves, and the simple and efficient of measurement is also further improved.For
This, we design the graphic system at present invention extraction rice vein curve and leaf angle, convenient, fast, accurately and accurately obtain
Fetch water rice vein curve and Ye Jiao.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention be to provide it is a kind of it is convenient, fast, accurately and accurately to obtain rice vein bent
Hardware and software needed for line and leaf angle, the content of the invention include.
In order to solve the above technical problems, rice list tiller image collecting device provided by the invention, it is characterised in that including taking the photograph
As head（1）, support（2）, background board（3）, computer（4）, camera head fixing device（5）, adjustable plate device（6）, stalk fix dress
Put（7）, verification paper（8）Composition；Support（2）It is made up of timber, support（2）Base one end it is T-shaped, the other end is in cross,
Cross top is montant；Camera（1）Pass through camera head fixing device（5）It is fixed on support（2）On montant, and pass through selection
The height of fixed position adjustments camera；Background board（3）It is the plank for black, stalk fixing device（7）It is one piece to carry
The wooden unit of iron hairpin, stalk is inserted on iron hairpin during shooting image；Adjustable plate（6）Support can be placed in（2）T-shaped end and background board（3）It
Between to adjust camera and background board（3）Distance；Camera（1）Computer is connected directly between for high definition network head（4）
On, pass through camera（1）The software shooting rice tillering image carried；Verify paper（8）It is one and has retouched black isometric net point
Blank sheet of paper.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention, which also provides a kind of rice list tiller image collecting device, shoots single tiller image
Process, it comprises the following steps：
1）According to the size height of single tiller, adjustment camera is fixed on support（2）The position of montant and increase and decrease adjustable plate（6）
Number to adjust camera（1）Height and camera（1）With background board（3）Distance, connect camera and computer, open
Motion video shooting software, regulates acquisition parameters；
2）Paper will be verified（8）Lie in background board（3）Before, shooting verification paper（8）Image, then will verify paper（8）Move
Walk；
3）Fixing device, single tiller is removed from rice strain successively, stalk is inserted on iron hairpin, control shooting software shooting tiller
Image.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention also provides a kind of verification paper from the shooting of rice list tiller image collecting device
Image and the method at rice list tiller image zooming-out rice vein curve and leaf angle, it comprises the following steps：
1）Pixel transform equation：Processing verification paper（8）Image, obtain the position of pixel and actual coordinate conversion side
Journey；
2）Pre-process rice tillering image：Rice tillering image is read, gray processing, two-value are taken turns doing to rice tillering image
Change, corrosion, expansion process；
3）Stalk, leaf marking：Mark stalk, blade extraction stalk pixel coordinate；
4）Pixel position coordinates converts：The process steps 1 of single tiller image are shot using rice list tiller image collecting device）
The position of the pixel of acquisition and the Equation of actual coordinate carry out coordinate transform to the position of blade pixel, obtain stem
Stalk, blade pixel actual coordinate；
5）Pixel actual coordinate rotates：During due to shooting rice tillering image, Culm of Rice mode difference, rice are placed
It is vertical that stalk base portion is not necessarily, so needing to do coordinate rotation, by doing coordinate to stalk, blade pixel actual coordinate
Rotation causes axis of ordinates of the stalk base portion parallel to actual coordinate；And by coordinate transform stalk base portion end points it is coordinate
Origin, stalk is on axis of ordinates, and at this moment the abscissa of pixel is the horizontal range changed the time to stalk end points, and ordinate is
To change the time to the vertical distance of stalk end points；The angle of hanging down loosely of blade can be calculated according to the coordinate of blade tip and leaf knot pixel；
6）Vein curve matching：The actual coordinate of blade pixel obtains vein curvilinear equation by fitting；
7）The calculating of Basic leaf angle：Ask one section of vein curve matching base portion G-bar can with the approximation to Basic leaf angle
Value；
8）The calculating at the first transaction of a day's business angle：The first transaction of a day's business angle=angle-Basic leaf angle of hanging down loosely；
9）File stores：Repeat the step 2 described in the method at extraction rice vein curve and leaf angle）-8）, handle complete strain
After single tiller image, Excel file is stored data into.
The vein curve matching of step 6) uses multinomial to join described in the method at extraction rice vein curve and leaf angle
Number equation model, using the length of the point on blade to blade node as parameter, it is dependent variable to put abscissa and ordinate.
Brief description of the drawings
The total schematic diagram of system architecture of Fig. 1 present invention.
Fig. 2 present invention extraction rice vein curve and the main functional modules at leaf angle.
Fig. 3 present invention extraction rice vein curve and the key step at leaf angle.
Fig. 4 present invention measurement leaf angle and protractor direct measurement leaf angular accuracy comparison diagram.
Fig. 5 present invention handles the audio-visual picture of single tiller image effect.
Embodiment
The accurate extracting method of rice list tiller image collecting device and rice vein curve and leaf angle, including image capturing device
With the rice vein curve based on graphical analysis and the extraction at leaf angle.The main implementation steps of the present invention include：Image taking fills
Put and assemble；Rice list tiller image taking；Rice vein curve and the extraction at leaf angle.With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples to this hair
It is bright to be further described.
First, image capturing device and assembling.
As shown in figure 1, single tiller image collecting device provided by the invention includes camera（1）, support（2）, background board
（3）, computer（4）, camera head fixing device（5）, adjustable plate device（6）, stalk fixing device（7）, verification paper（8）Composition；Branch
Frame（2）It is made up of timber, support（2）Base one end it is T-shaped, the other end is in cross, and cross top is montant；Camera
（1）Pass through camera head fixing device（5）It is fixed on support（2）On montant, and by selecting fixed position adjustments camera
Highly；Background board（3）It is the plank for black, stalk fixing device（7）It is one piece of wooden unit with iron hairpin, stem during shooting image
Stalk is inserted on iron hairpin；Adjustable plate（6）Support can be placed in（2）T-shaped end and background board（3）Between to adjust camera and background board
（3）Distance；Camera（1）Computer is connected directly between for high definition network head（4）On, pass through camera（1）Carry
Software shoots rice tillering image；Verify paper（8）It is a blank sheet of paper for retouching black isometric net point.
2nd, rice tillering image taking.
Process using image capturing device provided by the invention shooting rice tillering comprises the following steps：
1）According to the size height of single tiller, adjustment camera is fixed on support（2）The position of montant and increase and decrease adjustable plate（6）
Number to adjust camera（1）Height and camera（1）With background board（3）Distance, connect camera and computer, open
Motion video shooting software, regulates acquisition parameters；
2）Paper will be verified（8）Lie in background board（3）Before, shooting verification paper（8）Image, then will verify paper（8）Move
Walk；
3）Fixing device, single tiller is removed from rice strain successively, stalk is inserted on iron hairpin, control shooting software shooting tiller
Image.
It should pay attention to when shooting rice list tiller image using image capturing device provided by the invention：Stalk is inserted in iron hairpin
On, when control shooting software shoots the image of tiller, by adjusting the azimuth of blade, make all blades of single tiller are open and flat carrying on the back
Before scape plate, and ensure that leaf curve is consistent with nature as far as possible；Image shoot process keeps the position of camera not change, if needing
Support adjusting device is adjusted, then needs to shoot new verification paper image.
3rd, the extraction at rice vein curve and leaf angle.
As shown in Fig. 2 the verification paper image and rice list tiller that are shot using the present invention from rice list tiller image collecting device
The whole processing procedure of image zooming-out rice vein curve and leaf angular dimensions is realized by matlab GUI Programming Baseds, is extracted
The main functional modules of rice vein curve and leaf angular dimensions include：
Its main modular includes：
1）Pixel transform equation：Processing verification paper（8）Image, obtain the position of pixel and actual coordinate conversion side
Journey；The position of pixel（i,j）With actual coordinate（x,y）Equation uses Binary quadratic functions：x=a1*i2+b1*i*j+c1*
j2+d1*i+e1*j+f1 , y=a2*i2+b2*i*j+c2*j2+d2*i+e2*j+f2, parameter is obtained by fitting, after target is conversion
Verify paper（8）The distance between adjacent stain and reality are closest on image；
2）Pre-process rice tillering image：Rice tillering image is read, gray processing, two-value are taken turns doing to rice tillering image
Change, corrosion, expansion process；
3）Stalk, leaf marking：Mark stalk, blade extraction stalk, the pixel coordinate of blade；
4）Pixel position coordinates converts：The position of the pixel obtained using pixel transform equation and turning for actual coordinate
Change equation and coordinate transform is carried out to the position of blade pixel, obtain stalk, blade pixel actual coordinate；
5）Pixel actual coordinate rotates：During due to shooting rice tillering image, Culm of Rice mode difference, rice are placed
It is vertical that stalk is not necessarily, so needing to do coordinate rotation, by doing coordinate rotation to stalk, blade pixel actual coordinate
So that axis of ordinates of the stalk parallel to actual coordinate；And by coordinate transform stalk end points be the origin of coordinates, stalk exists
On axis of ordinates, at this moment the abscissa of pixel is the horizontal range changed the time to stalk end points, and ordinate is to change the time to stem
The vertical distance of stalk end points；The angle of hanging down loosely of blade can be calculated according to the coordinate of blade tip and leaf knot pixel；
6）Vein curve matching：The actual coordinate of blade pixel obtains vein curvilinear equation by fitting；
7）The calculating of Basic leaf angle：Ask one section of vein curve matching base portion G-bar can with the approximation to Basic leaf angle
Value；
8）The calculating at the first transaction of a day's business angle：The first transaction of a day's business angle=angle-Basic leaf angle of hanging down loosely；
9）File stores：After having handled all leaf images, Excel file is stored data into.
As shown in figure 3, the verification paper image and rice list tiller that are shot using the present invention from rice list tiller image collecting device
The whole processing procedure of image zooming-out rice vein curve and leaf angular dimensions is realized by matlab GUI Programming Baseds, is extracted
The key step of rice vein curve and leaf angular dimensions includes：
During using software processing image, key step includes：
1）Verification is set：Verification paper image is read in, processing verifies the image of paper, obtains position and the actual coordinate of pixel
Equation；
2）Image file is read in：The file of image procossing is read in into system；
3）Image preprocessing：Gray processing, binaryzation, corrosion, expansion process are taken turns doing to leaf image；
4）Graphical analysis：Stalk is rotated parallel to reality by doing coordinate to stalk, blade pixel actual coordinate
The axis of ordinates of coordinate；And by coordinate transform stalk end points be the origin of coordinates, stalk is on axis of ordinates, at this moment pixel
The abscissa of point is the horizontal range changed the time to stalk end points, and ordinate is the vertical distance changed the time to stalk end points；Root
The angle of hanging down loosely of blade can be calculated according to the coordinate of blade tip and leaf knot pixel；
5）Vein curve matching：The actual coordinate of blade pixel obtains vein curvilinear equation by fitting；
6）Basic leaf angle, the calculating for calculating the first transaction of a day's business angle；
7）File stores：Repeat procedure described above 2）-6）, after having handled all leaf images, data are preserved
To Excel file.
Using by the use of obtained rice Basic leaf angle of the invention, angle of hanging down loosely value as measured value, with protractor leaf measured directly
Scatter diagram is made as shown in accompanying drawing 4 as reference value in base angle, angle of hanging down loosely, while carries out linear fit, to verify the essence of this method
Exactness and the degree of accuracy.
Accompanying drawing 4 shows, when the Basic leaf angle obtained with two methods carries out linear fit, relation therebetween can divide
Do not described with formula BAngp=1.028BAng -0.791.Stain is represented corresponding to protractor direct measurement value in Fig. 4
This method measured value.Analyzed from the statistical significance of parameters of formula, the Basic leaf angle directly measured with protractor is made comparisons, and formula is oblique
Rate is 1.028, very close 1, then it is very high to illustrate that this method surveys phyllopodium angular accuracy；Coefficient of determination R2=0.973,
Very close 1, then it is very high to illustrate that this method surveys phyllopodium angular accuracy.
Accompanying drawing 4 shows that when the angle of hanging down loosely obtained with two methods carries out linear fit, relation therebetween can divide
Do not described with formula HAngp=1.003HAng -5.832.Stain is represented corresponding to protractor direct measurement value in Fig. 4
This method measured value.Analyzed from the statistical significance of parameters of formula, the angle angle of hanging down loosely directly measured with protractor is made comparisons, formula
Slope is 1.003, very close 1, then it is very high to illustrate that this method surveys angular accuracy of hanging down loosely；Coefficient of determination R2=
0.934, very close 1, then it is very high to illustrate that this method surveys angular accuracy of hanging down loosely.
Accompanying drawing 5 is the audio-visual picture that the present invention handles single tiller image effect.
Present invention extraction rice vein curve and the graphic system at leaf angle, it is convenient, fast, accurately and accurately obtain
Rice vein curve and Ye Jiao.The institute of rice vein curve and the collection of leaf angular data is provided for the simulation of rice plant shape and optimization design
Need device and method.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of rice vein curve and the extracting method at leaf angle, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) pixel transform equation：The image of processing verification paper (8), obtain position and the actual coordinate Equation of pixel；Picture
The position (i, j) of vegetarian refreshments uses Binary quadratic functions with actual coordinate (x, y) Equation：
X=a1*i2+b1*i*j+c1*j2+d1*i+e1*j+f1,
Y=a2*i2+b2*i*j+c2*j2+d2*i+e2*j+f2, parameter by fitting obtain, target for conversion after verify paper (8) figure
As the distance between upper adjacent stain and reality are closest；
2) rice tillering image is pre-processed：Rice tillering image is read, takes turns doing gray processing to rice tillering image, binaryzation,
Corrosion, expansion process；
3) stalk, leaf marking：Mark stalk, blade extraction stalk pixel coordinate；
4) pixel position coordinates converts：The process steps 1 of single tiller image are shot using rice list tiller image collecting device) obtain
The position of pixel and the Equation of actual coordinate coordinate transform is carried out to the position of blade pixel, obtain stalk, leaf
Piece pixel actual coordinate；
5) pixel actual coordinate rotates：During due to shooting rice tillering image, Culm of Rice mode difference, Culm of Rice are placed
It is vertical that base portion is not necessarily, so needing to do coordinate rotation, by doing coordinate rotation to stalk, blade pixel actual coordinate
So that axis of ordinates of the stalk base portion parallel to actual coordinate；It is and former for coordinate by coordinate transform stalk base portion end points
Point, stalk is on axis of ordinates, and at this moment the abscissa of pixel is the horizontal range changed the time to stalk end points, and ordinate is
Change the time to the vertical distance of stalk end points；The angle of hanging down loosely of blade can be calculated according to the coordinate of blade tip and leaf knot pixel；
6) vein curve matching：The actual coordinate of blade pixel obtains vein curvilinear equation by fitting；
7) calculating of Basic leaf angle：The G-bar of one section of vein curve matching base portion is asked to obtain the approximation of Basic leaf angle；
8) calculating at the first transaction of a day's business angle：The first transaction of a day's business angle=angle-Basic leaf angle of hanging down loosely；
9) file stores：Repeat the step 2) -8 described in the method at extraction rice vein curve and leaf angle), handle complete strain list tiller
After image, Excel file is stored data into；
10) whole processing procedure is realized by matlab GUI Programming Baseds.
2. extracting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 7) uses polynomial function to intend
Close, using the horizontal range of boundary point to blade node as independent variable, using the vertical distance of boundary point to vein as dependent variable.
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| CN106056665B (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2019-03-05 | 湖南农业大学 | Rice Population three-dimensional configuration architecture digitalization and visualization reconstructing method |
| CN106403816A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 上海交通大学 | Device and method for fixing grain ear stem via magnetic pressing plate |
| CN106767426A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-05-31 | 四川农业大学 | Paddy rice plant and leaf shape assay method and its device |
| CN109978047B (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2022-05-27 | 南京农业大学 | Method for extracting tiller number of field wheat |
| CN110926341A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-03-27 | 湖南农业大学 | Novel method for measuring grain length, width and thickness morphological parameters by using three-dimensional scanning point cloud |
| CN110823311B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2022-07-19 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for rapidly estimating volume of rape pod |
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