CN104774026B - Preparation method of tubular membranes used for water treatment - Google Patents

Preparation method of tubular membranes used for water treatment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104774026B
CN104774026B CN201510177549.2A CN201510177549A CN104774026B CN 104774026 B CN104774026 B CN 104774026B CN 201510177549 A CN201510177549 A CN 201510177549A CN 104774026 B CN104774026 B CN 104774026B
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water
sintering
silicon carbide
supporter
colloidal sol
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CN104774026A (en
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易鉴荣
林荔琍
唐臻
吴坚
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Taihu County market supervision and Inspection Institute (Taihu County functional membrane Testing Institute)
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Liuzhou Haoxiangte Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of membranes for water treatment and in particular relates to a preparation method of tubular membranes used for water treatment. The preparation method comprises the following steps: by using alumina powder as an aggregate, adding silicon carbide whiskers, a pore-forming agent, a sintering aid and water, mixing the materials to form slurry, then grinding the slurry, then aging and drying the slurry, then adding a plasticizer and water and regrinding the mixture, carrying out compression molding by adopting a pipe mold and drying, sintering and washing the product, thus obtaining a tubular support; adding ground aluminium isopropoxide to hot deionized water, carrying out magnetic stirring, then adding nitric acid, a dispersing agent and a defoaming agent by stages, stirring the materials uniformly to obtain sol and then aging the sol; then sealing the outer surface of the support and carrying out coating, gelation, drying and sintering. The method has the beneficial effects that more stable sol can be prepared by controlling the hydrolysis temperature and the amount of deionized water; meanwhile, adding proper amount of dispersing agent and defoaming agent to the sol is conducive to improving the wettability of the sol and the surface of the support, improving the quality of the formed membranes and avoiding cracks.

Description

The preparation method of water process tubular membrane
Technical field
Film field is used the present invention relates to water process, specifically the preparation method of water process tubular membrane.
Background technology
Membrane technology is contemporary new and effective isolation technics, is the product of multi-crossed disciplines, compared with traditional isolation technics, It has the advantages that efficiently, energy-conservation, process it is easy to control, easy to operate, environment-friendly, easily integrated with other technologies.Membrane technology is The fields such as the energy, electronics, petrochemical industry, medical and health, biochemistry, environment, food are effectively applied to extensively, are formd emerging High-tech industry.At present, it is more widely inoranic membrane to apply in membrane technology, its relative to organic film have high temperature resistant, High mechanical strength, chemical stability are good, long service life the advantages of.Tubular type inoranic membrane typically increases the machinery of film using supporter Intensity, and separating layer is then the core of membrane technology.When separating layer is prepared using sol-gel process, colloidal sol is separating layer Key substance basis.Existing tubular membrane is not reasonable due to technique, and colloidal sol is very unstable, causes film forming not uniform enough.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides process is simple, the preparation side of the uniform water process tubular membrane of film forming Method.
The present invention solve the technical scheme that uses of above-mentioned technical problem for:The preparation method of water process tubular membrane, its bag Include following steps:
(1)Prepare supporter:With alumina powder as aggregate, silicon carbide whisker, pore creating material, sintering aid and water is added to be mixed into Ground after slurry, then to slurry ageing, drying, be subsequently adding plasticizer and water regrinding, be then molded by pipe die, dried It is dry, then sinter, clean, obtain tubular type supporter;
(2)Prepare colloidal sol:Magnetic agitation is carried out in the deionized water that ground aluminium isopropoxide is added heat, then is added in batches Enter nitric acid, stir to solution clear, be subsequently adding dispersant and defoamer stirs, obtain colloidal sol, then be aged colloidal sol;
(3)Coating:Support external surface is pasted into one layer of diaphragm seal, then in the colloidal sol that supporter immersion is aged, then Colloidal sol liquid level is lifted out upwards, supporter inner surface is coated one layer of liquid film;
(4)Gelation:Remove diaphragm seal, then will scribble liquid film supporter be positioned over containing vapor atmosphere relaying Continuous film forming, makes liquid film be transformed into gel mould;
(5)Clean, dry:The outer surface of tubular type supporter is cleaned, gel mould is dried using classification seasoning then;
(6)Sintering:Dry gel mould is sintered.
Preferably, the silicon carbide whisker is remixed by after pretreatment, preprocessing process is:Whisker is aoxidized first Carbon removal treatment, then acid treatment is carried out with the mixture of hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid, then cleaned with deionized water, finally dry.
Preferably, the pore creating material is starch, sintering aid is kaolin;The mass ratio of alumina powder and silicon carbide whisker It is 1:(0.5—0.7);The starch accounts for the 8%--12% of alumina powder and silicon carbide whisker gross mass;The kaolin accounts for oxygen Change the 15%--25% of aluminium powder and silicon carbide whisker gross mass.
Preferably, ageing is to place 24h under field conditions (factors), it is then placed in baking oven and is dried;The plasticizer is Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, addition accounts for the 1%--2% of alumina powder and silicon carbide whisker gross mass.Preferably, shaping pressure Power is 8MPa--12 MPa, first at 200 DEG C during sintering -- carried out at a temperature of 800 DEG C, heating rate is(6—7)℃/min; Then at 800 DEG C -- carried out at a temperature of 1250 DEG C, heating rate is(3—4)℃/min;The last constant temperature 2h at 1250 DEG C.
Preferably, aluminium isopropoxide is 1 with the mol ratio of deionized water:(95--105), the temperature of deionized water is 80 DEG C -- 90 DEG C, concentration of nitric acid is 1.65mol/L, and it is with the mol ratio of aluminium isopropoxide(0.15—0.3):1, nitric acid is in three times Add, each interval time is 1h.
Preferably, the dispersant is Disponer-W511, addition is the 0.15%--0.3% of solution quality;It is described Defoamer is DeformW-0506, and addition is the 0.02%--0.04% of solution quality.
Preferably, pull rate during coating is 5-15cm/ min.
Preferably, the first preliminarily dried 10min at a temperature of 80 DEG C when drying, is then cooled to 50 DEG C and dries 20min, then It is down to drying at room temperature 10min.
Preferably, rising to 600 DEG C, 3-4h of sintering time with the heating rate of 2--3 DEG C/min during sintering.
From the above it can be seen that because silicon carbide whisker has the advantages that high intensity, high rigidity, high-modulus, it is added to aluminum oxide Aggregate in, can not only increase the toughness of supporter, and cause that the pore-size distribution of supporter is more uniform, so as to improve support The performance of body;This method may be such that and prepare relatively stable colloidal sol by controlling the consumption of hydrolysis temperature and deionized water;Together When, add appropriate dispersant and defoamer to help to improve the wetability of colloidal sol and supporting body surface in colloidal sol, improve into Film quality, can avoid the occurrence of crackle;In addition homogeneous transparent and flawless xerogel film can be obtained using classification seasoning.
Specific embodiment
The preparation method of water process tubular membrane of the invention is discussed in detail with reference to embodiment:
First, with alumina powder as aggregate, silicon carbide whisker, pore creating material, sintering aid and water is added to be ground after being mixed into slurry Mill;Silicon carbide whisker is remixed by after pretreatment, and its preprocessing process is:Whisker is aoxidized into carbon removal treatment, anti-blocking first SiClx whisker is largely aoxidized, and typically at 600 DEG C or so, time about 5h can so be removed contained in whisker oxidizing temperature completely Carbon;Because the impurity in product after oxidation and decarbonization is mainly silica, it belongs to acidic oxide, is not risen with general acids Reaction, but can be reacted with hydrofluoric acid, and hydrofluoric acid does not influence on carborundum, in addition also containing a small amount of in whisker Other metal oxides, therefore acid treatment is carried out with the mixture of hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid is preferably adopted with the volume ratio of hydrochloric acid With 3:1,24 hours can be stood, period is repeatedly stirred with sticking plaster so that reaction is carried out completely;Due to using hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid Mixture is soaked, thus filtered with funnel and filter paper or natural sedimentation method carry out whisker and water point From, and be cleaned multiple times with deionized water, until the close neutrality of the pH value of rinse water;Whisker after treatment should be after drying in oven In adding alumina powder.
Alumina powder preferably uses 1 with the mass ratio of silicon carbide whisker in implementation process:(0.5—0.7), wherein pore creating material is Starch, sintering aid is kaolin, and starch accounts for the 8%--12% of alumina powder and silicon carbide whisker gross mass, and kaolin accounts for oxidation The 15%--25% of aluminium powder and silicon carbide whisker gross mass.Ageing is to place 24h under field conditions (factors), and being then placed in baking oven is carried out Drying, is subsequently added plasticizer and water regrinding, and plasticizer is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and addition accounts for alumina powder and carbon The 1%--2% of SiClx whisker gross mass.
Using the simple to operate of pipe die compression molding, briquetting pressure is advisable with 8MPa--12 MPa, and electric dry oven is used after shaping Dry, its advantage can be setting drying temperature, heat up uniform, effect is good.Sintered using Muffle furnace, in order to prevent low temperature calcination When the too fast issuable cracking of moisture removal and deformation, while so that there is physical-chemical reaction in base substrate inside, should be 200 DEG C -- carried out at a temperature of 800 DEG C, heating rate is used(6—7)℃/min;Ftractureed to prevent contraction too fast, thereafter should At 800 DEG C -- carried out at a temperature of 1250 DEG C, heating rate is(3—4)DEG C/min, then the constant temperature about 2h at 1250 DEG C, then Power supply is closed, supporter is taken out after making its natural cooling.Because sintering process can produce some flours on surface, it is necessary to right It is cleaned, and is typically with pickling and its surface is chemically treated, and is then dried, and obtains final product tubular type supporter.
Then, it is aluminium isopropoxide is levigate with grinder, then stirred magnetic force is carried out in the deionized water of aluminium isopropoxide addition heat Mix;Aluminium isopropoxide is 1 with the mol ratio of deionized water:(95—105);The temperature of deionized water is 80 DEG C -- 90 DEG C, can be with profit Then the temperature that deionized water is maintained with the method for heating water bath, with nitric acid as peptizing agent, adds nitric acid, every time in three batches Interval time about 1h, is stirred for solution clear.The colloidal sol transparency generated when making peptizing agent with nitric acid is high, and is difficult analysis Go out precipitation.Because the addition of nitric acid is different, the pH value of solution will be caused different, so as to Sol-Gel processes and ultimately form Alumina sol produce influence.The addition of nitric acid is too low or too high, can cause the precipitation of particle, causes particle aggregation.This The concentration of nitric acid that method is used is 1.65mol/L, and it is with the mol ratio of aluminium isopropoxide(0.15—0.3):1, so generate Alumina sol is stable, transparent;Add the Disponer-W511 dispersants and 0.02%--0.04% of 0.15%--0.3% DeformW-0506 defoamers, and stir, it is stand-by.Only supporting body surface has preferable wetability with colloidal sol, could really Protect the uniformity of film and the stability of drying process.Otherwise, colloidal sol is difficult to sprawl in supporting body surface, or in the dry of gel mould Local defect is formed during dry.Therefore, appropriate dispersant is added in colloidal sol to be helped to improve colloidal sol and supporting body surface Wetability.Simultaneously as be stirred at reflux that many bubbles can be produced, in film, bubble hinders the moistening of colloidal sol and supporter, Suppress the generation of bubble by adding defoamer.The colloidal sol of preparation must be through the burin-in process of 2-3 months, it is easy on supporter Film forming.Ageing process makes the physicochemical property of colloidal sol more uniform and stable, so as to improve quality of forming film.
One layer of diaphragm seal is pasted into the outer surface of supporter, including body external diameter surface and both ends of the surface, only in body Diaphragm seal is not glued in footpath, so on the one hand can ensure that tubular type supporter inner surface can coat separating layer, on the other hand can avoid appearance Coating separating layer.In implementation process, the supporter of diaphragm seal will be coated with and immersed in above-mentioned colloidal sol, then by supporter with 5- The speed of 15cm/min lifts out colloidal sol liquid level upwards, and at this moment supporter upper inner surface will cover one layer of uniform liquid film. Remove the diaphragm seal of support external surface, the supporter that will scribble liquid film is positioned in the atmosphere containing vapor, continue into Hydrolysis and polymerisation in row film forming procedure is so as to be transformed into gel mould.
Then cleaning removes the residual substance left during diaphragm seal, and re-grading is dried.Drying process is exactly to remove wet gel In residual moisture, organic group and organic solvent.The final structure of xerogel film initially forms wet gel film depending on colloidal sol Structure, the wet gel film that xerogel film has substantially been contracted or alteration of form.And the first preliminarily dried at a temperature of 80 DEG C 10min, is then cooled to 50 DEG C and dries 20min, then is down to the classification of drying at room temperature 10min and dries rule and can obtain homogeneous transparent And flawless xerogel film.As being dried at 80 DEG C or 50 DEG C always, although avoid big crystal and generate, but because Drying is too fast, and film surface will produce ununiform shrinkage with inside, easily make film peeling.
Finally, dry gel mould is sintered, 600 DEG C, during sintering is risen to the heating rate of 2--3 DEG C/min during sintering Between 3-4h.
Embodiment 1
With 1:0.5 mass ratio takes alumina powder and pretreated silicon carbide whisker, adds the shallow lake of the above two quality 8% Powder, 15% kaolin and appropriate water grind after being mixed into slurry, are dried after 24h is placed under field conditions (factors), add 1% hydroxyl Propyl methocel and appropriate water regrinding;Then pipe die compression molding, electricity consumption after shaping are utilized with the pressure of 8MPa Oven drying, then uses Muffle furnace at a temperature of 200 DEG C with 7 DEG C/min heating rates to 800 DEG C of sintering, then 4 DEG C/min Heating rate rises to 1250 DEG C, is then cooled down after constant temperature about 2h at 1250 DEG C and taken out, and obtains tubular type supporter.
Take the levigate aluminium isopropoxides of 1mol add 80 DEG C 95mol deionized water in carry out magnetic agitation, with water-bath plus Heat maintains the temperature of deionized water;The nitric acid 1/33L stirrings of 1.65 mol/L are added, the above-mentioned of 1/33L is added after about 1h Nitric acid is stirred, and adds the above-mentioned nitric acid of 1/33L to stir after about 1h for the third time, and 0.15% Disponer-W511 is added after about 30min Dispersant and 0.02% DeformW-0506 defoamers, that is, obtain colloidal sol;One layer of the support external surface stickup that will be prepared is close Sealer, then be placed in through in the 2 months above-mentioned colloidal sol after aging, liquid level is lifted out with the speed of 5cm/min, then after removing diaphragm seal Film forming in steam atmosphere is placed in, tubular type film outer surface is finally cleaned, preliminarily dried 10min, then lowers the temperature at a temperature of 80 DEG C 20min is dried to 50 DEG C, then is down to drying at room temperature 10min;The last heating rate with 2 DEG C/min rises to 600 DEG C, sintering time 3h, obtains final product composite membrane.1.5 or so, acid and alkali corrosion rate of weight loss is respectively less than 1%, the μ of film average diameter aperture about 0.6 to the film unit weight M, bending strength is 14MPa/m2, compression strength is 12MPa.
Embodiment 2
With 1:0.6 mass ratio takes alumina powder and pretreated silicon carbide whisker, adds the above two quality 10% Starch, 20% kaolin and appropriate water grind after being mixed into slurry, are dried after 24h is placed under field conditions (factors), add 1% Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and appropriate water regrinding;Then pipe die compression molding is utilized with the pressure of 10MPa, is used after shaping Electric dry oven is dried, and then uses Muffle furnace at a temperature of 200 DEG C with 6 DEG C/min heating rates to 800 DEG C of sintering, then 4 DEG C/ Min heating rates rise to 1250 DEG C, are then cooled down after constant temperature about 2h at 1250 DEG C and taken out, and obtain tubular type supporter.
Take the levigate aluminium isopropoxides of 1mol add 85 DEG C 100mol deionized water in carry out magnetic agitation, with water-bath plus Heat maintains the temperature of deionized water;The nitric acid 0.05L stirrings of 1.65 mol/L are added, the above-mentioned of 0.05L is added after about 1h Nitric acid is stirred, and adds the above-mentioned nitric acid of 0.05L to stir after about 1h for the third time, and 0.25% Disponer-W511 is added after about 30min Dispersant and 0.03% DeformW-0506 defoamers, that is, obtain colloidal sol;One layer of the support external surface stickup that will be prepared is close Sealer, then be placed in through in the 2 months above-mentioned colloidal sol after aging, lifting out liquid level with the speed of 10cm/min, then remove diaphragm seal After be placed in film forming in steam atmosphere, finally the preliminarily dried 10min at a temperature of 80 DEG C, is then cooled to 50 DEG C and dries 20min, Drying at room temperature 10min is down to again;Finally cleaning support external surface, then 600 DEG C, sintering are risen to the heating rate of 2 DEG C/min Time 4h, obtains final product composite membrane.1.5 or so, acid and alkali corrosion rate of weight loss is respectively less than 1% to the film unit weight, and film average diameter aperture is about 0.4 μm, bending strength is 16MPa/m2, compression strength is 14MPa.
Embodiment 3
With 1:0.7 mass ratio takes alumina powder and pretreated silicon carbide whisker, adds the above two quality 12% Starch, 25% kaolin and appropriate water grind after being mixed into slurry, are dried after 24h is placed under field conditions (factors), add 2% Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and appropriate water regrinding;Then pipe die compression molding is utilized with the pressure of 12MPa, is used after shaping Electric dry oven is dried, and then uses Muffle furnace at a temperature of 200 DEG C with 7 DEG C/min heating rates to 800 DEG C of sintering, then 4 DEG C/ Min heating rates rise to 1250 DEG C, are then cooled down after constant temperature about 2h at 1250 DEG C and taken out, and obtain tubular type supporter.
Take the levigate aluminium isopropoxides of 1mol add 90 DEG C 105mol deionized water in carry out magnetic agitation, with water-bath plus Heat maintains the temperature of deionized water;The nitric acid 2/33L stirrings of 1.65 mol/L are added, the above-mentioned of 2/33L is added after about 1h Nitric acid is stirred, and adds the above-mentioned nitric acid of 2/33L to stir after about 1h for the third time, and 0.3% Disponer-W511 is added after about 30min Dispersant and 0.04% DeformW-0506 defoamers, that is, obtain colloidal sol;One layer of the support external surface stickup that will be prepared is close Sealer, then be placed in through in the 3 months above-mentioned colloidal sol after aging, liquid level being lifted out with the speed of 15cm/min, after removing diaphragm seal Film forming in steam atmosphere is placed in, finally the preliminarily dried 10min at a temperature of 80 DEG C, is then cooled to 50 DEG C and dries 20min, then It is down to drying at room temperature 10min;Finally cleaning support external surface, then rise to 600 DEG C, during sintering with the heating rate of 3 DEG C/min Between 3h, obtain final product composite membrane.1.5 or so, acid and alkali corrosion rate of weight loss is respectively less than 1% to the film unit weight, and film average diameter aperture is about 0.5 μm, bending strength is 15MPa/m2, compression strength is 13MPa.
Above-mentioned implementation method is used for illustrative purposes only, and is not limitation of the present invention, relevant technical field Those of ordinary skill, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can be so that various changes can be made and modification, therefore institute Having equivalent technical scheme should also belong to scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. the preparation method of water process tubular membrane, it is comprised the following steps:
(1)Prepare supporter:With alumina powder as aggregate, silicon carbide whisker, pore creating material, sintering aid and water is added to be mixed into slurry After grind, then to slurry ageing, drying, be subsequently adding plasticizer and water regrinding, then by pipe die be molded, drying, so Sinter afterwards, clean, obtain tubular type supporter;
(2)Prepare colloidal sol:Magnetic agitation is carried out in the deionized water that ground aluminium isopropoxide is added heat, then is dividedly in some parts nitre Acid, stirs to solution clear, is subsequently adding dispersant and defoamer stirs, and obtains colloidal sol, then be aged colloidal sol;
(3)Coating:Support external surface is pasted into one layer of diaphragm seal, then in the colloidal sol that supporter immersion is aged, then up Colloidal sol liquid level is lifted out, supporter inner surface is coated one layer of liquid film;
(4)Gelation:Remove diaphragm seal, then the supporter of liquid film will be scribbled and be positioned in the atmosphere containing vapor and continue into Film, makes liquid film be transformed into gel mould;
(5)Clean, dry:The outer surface of tubular type supporter is cleaned, gel mould is dried using classification seasoning then;
(6)Sintering:Dry gel mould is sintered;
Step(5)The first preliminarily dried 10min at a temperature of 80 DEG C, is then cooled to 50 DEG C and dries 20min, then be down to room when drying Temperature dries 10min.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The silicon carbide whisker is remixed by after pretreatment, pre- place Reason process is:Whisker is aoxidized into carbon removal treatment first, then acid treatment is carried out with the mixture of hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid, then spend from Sub- water cleaning, finally dries.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The pore creating material is starch, and sintering aid is kaolin;Aluminum oxide Powder is 1 with the mass ratio of silicon carbide whisker:(0.5—0.7);The starch accounts for alumina powder with silicon carbide whisker gross mass 8%--12%;The kaolin accounts for the 15%--25% of alumina powder and silicon carbide whisker gross mass.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Ageing is to place 24h under field conditions (factors);The plasticizer is Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, addition accounts for the 1%--2% of alumina powder and silicon carbide whisker gross mass.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Briquetting pressure is 8MPa--12 MPa, step(1)It is first during sintering First at 200 DEG C -- carried out at a temperature of 800 DEG C, heating rate is(6—7)℃/min;Then at 800 DEG C -- 1250 DEG C of temperature Under carry out, heating rate is(3—4)℃/min;The last constant temperature 2h at 1250 DEG C.
6. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:Aluminium isopropoxide is 1 with the mol ratio of deionized water:(95-- 105), the temperature of deionized water is 80 DEG C -- 90 DEG C, concentration of nitric acid is 1.65mol/L, and it is with the mol ratio of aluminium isopropoxide (0.15—0.3):1, nitric acid is added in three times, and each interval time is 1h.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The dispersant is Disponer-W511, and addition is solution The 0.15%--0.3% of quality;The defoamer is DeformW-0506, and addition is the 0.02%--0.04% of solution quality.
8. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Pull rate during coating is 5-15cm/ min.
9. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(6)With the heating rate liter of 2--3 DEG C/min during sintering To 600 DEG C, 3-4h of sintering time.
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JPH0647261A (en) * 1992-07-31 1994-02-22 Nok Corp Production of ceramic ultrafilter membrane
DE10302095A1 (en) * 2003-01-16 2004-07-29 INSTITUT FüR ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE BERLIN-ADLERSHOF E.V. Production of propene oxide, used as chemical intermediate, involves passing nitrogen-hydrogen-oxygen-propene mixture over catalyst in ceramic membrane reactor and removing product from permeation side with inert sweep gas
CN101497003B (en) * 2009-01-24 2012-07-04 大连理工大学 Multifunctional photocatalysis composite ceramic separation membrane as well as preparation method and use thereof
CN102728235A (en) * 2011-04-07 2012-10-17 北京化工大学 Method for manufacturing alumina ceramic membrane
CN102671550B (en) * 2012-06-01 2014-09-24 清华大学 Ceramic membrane tube support and preparation method thereof
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Effective date of registration: 20191205

Address after: Taihu County, Anhui city of Anqing Province Jin Xi Zhen 246400

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Patentee before: LIUZHOU HAOXIANGTE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.