CN104766063B - A kind of living body faces recognition methods - Google Patents

A kind of living body faces recognition methods Download PDF

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CN104766063B
CN104766063B CN201510161965.3A CN201510161965A CN104766063B CN 104766063 B CN104766063 B CN 104766063B CN 201510161965 A CN201510161965 A CN 201510161965A CN 104766063 B CN104766063 B CN 104766063B
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living body
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CN104766063A (en
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王让定
谢哲
金超
李倩
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Ningbo University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of living body faces recognition methods, it is divided into training stage and cognitive phase, in the training stage, it obtains several living body faces images and photo facial image, then the characteristic vector of the gray level image of every width living body faces image is extracted as positive sample, and the characteristic vector per the gray level image of photos facial image is extracted as negative sample, all positive samples and negative sample are input in SVM classifier again and are trained, obtain SVM classifier training pattern;A frame facial image is obtained in cognitive phase, is identified first with face recognition technology, In vivo detection technology extraction characteristic vector is recycled when recognition result is validated user, then characteristic vector is input in SVM classifier training pattern and carries out In vivo detection;Advantage is to judge whether face is validated user using face recognition technology, and it is that living body faces still palm off photo face to recycle In vivo detection technology determination face source during validated user, so as to effectively eliminate the potential safety hazard that photo face is brought.

Description

A kind of living body faces recognition methods
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of face recognition technology, more particularly, to a kind of living body faces recognition methods.
Background technology
Face recognition technology is a kind of biometrics identification technology, and it is with the advantage such as convenient, fast, accurate, in recent years Obtain the development advanced by leaps and bounds.The input input of face identification system is usually a face for containing identity to be detected The facial image of some known identities in image, and face database, and its output is then that a series of human face similarity degrees obtain Point, with the identity of this face for showing identification.At present, face recognition technology is widely used to criminal investigation and case detection, department of banking The fields such as system, customs inspection, the civil affairs department, work and rest work attendance.However, with the continuous extension of face recognition technology application, Some safety problems also occur therewith, and criminal is using the human face photo deception face identification system forged, so as to legal User causes heavy economic losses.Therefore, the source authenticity of facial image is judged to be particularly important, here it is live body Detection.
After Google issues Android4.0, the work(that mobile phone is unlocked by recognition of face is brought for vast machine friend Energy, but the subsequent report for replacing true man to unlock mobile phone with regard to useful personal photo always, thus Google is always in careful and guarantor Keep and use face recognition technology.Face identification system is set to step into maturation, this kind of photo face replaces the peace of true living body faces Full hidden danger must be resolved, it is therefore necessary to study a kind of technology for identifying living body faces.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of living body faces recognition methods, and whether it can determine that face For validated user, it can determine that whether face source is living body faces, and it is hidden to effectively eliminate the safety that photo face is brought again Suffer from.
Technical scheme is used by the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem:A kind of living body faces recognition methods, its feature It is to comprise the following steps:
1. obtaining M width includes the living body faces image that different face object and size are 256 × 256, The photo facial image of every width living body faces image is obtained again, and the size per photos facial image is 256 × 256;So M width living body faces images and M photos facial images are transformed into gray level image afterwards, 2M width gray level image is formed into an instruction Practice image collection;Then the characteristic vector of every width gray level image in training image set is calculated;Again by every width living body faces figure The characteristic vector of the gray level image of picture identifies as a positive sample, and with+1, by the gray level image of every photos facial image Characteristic vector as a negative sample, and with -1 mark;All positive samples and all negative samples are finally input to svm classifier It is trained in device, obtains SVM classifier training pattern;
2. need to carry out living body faces identification, the facial image that a frame includes face object to be identified is obtained, then The minimum rectangular area where face object is intercepted in the facial image, then professional etiquette is entered to the size of rectangular area It is whole, the human face region image to be identified that size is 256 × 256 is obtained, then turns human face region image to be identified It is melted into gray level image;
3. the gray level image of human face region image is identified using face recognition technology, if recognition result is legal User, then perform step 4.;If recognition result is disabled user, refuse face verification, face verification failure;
4. utilizing In vivo detection technology, the characteristic vector of the gray level image of human face region image is first calculated, then by face area The characteristic vector of the gray level image of area image is input in SVM classifier training pattern, if SVM classifier training pattern exports + 1, then it represents that the source of human face region image is living body faces, and face verification is successful;If the output of SVM classifier training pattern- 1, then it represents that the source of human face region image is photo face, refuses face verification, face verification failure.
Described step 1. the acquisition process of the characteristic vector of every width gray level image in middle training image set with it is described The step of the 4. characteristic vector of the gray level image of middle human face region image acquisition process it is identical, will be every in training image set The gray level image of width gray level image and human face region image is used as a pending image, the characteristic vector of pending image Acquisition process is:
A, pending image is divided intoThe size of individual non-overlapping copies is 64 × 64 image block;
B, i-th of image block currently pending in pending image is defined as current image block, wherein, 1≤i≤ 16, i initial value is 1;
C, using size, point slides pixel-by-pixel in current image block for 3 × 3 sliding window, by current image block It is divided into the sub-block that the individual equitant sizes of (64-2) × (64-2) are 3 × 3;
D, the Sobel operators of eight different directions are done into convolution operation with each sub-block in current image block respectively, obtained Each sub-block into current image block eight different directions Grad, by j-th of sub-block in current image block in kth The Grad in individual direction is designated asWherein, the Sobel operators of eight different directions be respectively 0 ° Sobel operators, 45 ° Sobel operators, 90 ° of Sobel operators, 135 ° of Sobel operators, 180 ° of Sobel operators, 225 ° of Sobel operators, 270 ° Sobel operators, 315 ° of Sobel operators, 1≤j≤(64-2) × (64-2), 1≤k≤8;
E, the order by all sub-blocks in current image block, by all sub-blocks in current image block in each direction Grad is arranged to make up the Grad vector that dimension of the current image block in each direction is (64-2) × (64-2), will currently scheme As the dimension of current image block that Grad of all sub-blocks in k-th of direction in block is arranged to make up in k-th of direction is (64-2) × (64-2) Grad vector is designated as Wherein, it is vector representation symbol in this symbol " [] ",Represent ladder of the 1st sub-block in current image block in k-th of direction Angle value,Grad of the 2nd sub-block in current image block in k-th of direction is represented,Represent present image - 1 sub-block of (64-2) × (64-2) in block k-th of direction Grad,Represent in current image block The individual sub-blocks of (64-2) × (64-2) k-th of direction Grad;
F, i=i+1 is made, next pending image block in pending image as current image block, is then back to Step c is continued executing with, until all image blocks in pending image are disposed, obtains each image in pending image The Grad vector that block is (64-2) × (64-2) in the dimension of eight different directions, wherein, "=" in i=i+1 is assignment Symbol;
G, the order by all image blocks in pending image, by all image blocks each comfortable eight in pending image The Grad vector of individual different directions is arranged to make up the characteristic vector of pending image, is designated as T, T=[TV1 1,TV2 1,…,TV8 1, TV1 2,TV2 2,…,TV8 2,…,TV1 16,TV2 16,…,TV8 16], wherein, it is vector representation symbol in this symbol " [] ", TV1 1Table Show the Grad vector that dimension of the 1st image block in the 1st direction is (64-2) × (64-2), TV2 1Represent the 1st image block The Grad vector that dimension in the 2nd direction is (64-2) × (64-2), TV8 1Represent the 1st image block in the 8th direction The Grad vector that dimension is (64-2) × (64-2), TV1 2Represent that dimension of the 2nd image block in the 1st direction is (64-2) × (64-2) Grad vector, TV2 2Represent the ladder that dimension of the 2nd image block in the 2nd direction is (64-2) × (64-2) Angle value vector, TV8 2Represent the Grad vector that dimension of the 2nd image block in the 8th direction is (64-2) × (64-2), TV1 16 Represent the Grad vector that dimension of the 16th image block in the 1st direction is (64-2) × (64-2), TV2 16Represent the 16th The Grad vector that dimension of the image block in the 2nd direction is (64-2) × (64-2), TV8 16Represent the 16th image block the 8th The Grad vector that the dimension in individual direction is (64-2) × (64-2).
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that:
1) the inventive method adds In vivo detection technology, the inventive method on the basis of existing face recognition technology Several living body faces images and multiple photos facial image are trained to obtain SVM classifier training pattern in the training stage, In authentication procedures, judge whether face is validated user using face recognition technology, and it is first using In vivo detection technology The characteristic vector of human face region image is calculated, then the characteristic vector of human face region image is input to SVM classifier training pattern In, judgement face source is still personation photo face for living body faces, so as to effectively eliminate the peace that photo face is brought Full hidden danger, realize the double shield of private information safety.
2) the inventive method is applicable to the platform of reduction process ability, such as android system.
3) the inventive method only needs a camera, can determine whether live body people by extracting a frame facial image Face, greatly reduces the occupancy proportion of system resource, and need not add extra visual aids equipment, and without the active of user Coordinate, extremely naturally.
4) the inventive method in the experimental verification stage to the image in Nanjing Aero-Space University's (NUAA) living body faces storehouse It is identified, identifies the rate of accuracy reached of two class facial images to 98.718%.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the totality of the inventive method realizes block diagram;
Fig. 2 a are the ladder of each comfortable eight different directions of all image blocks in the gray level image of a width living body faces image Angle value vector distribution figure;
Fig. 2 b are that all image blocks in the gray level image of the photo facial image of living body faces image corresponding to Fig. 2 a are each The Grad vector distribution figure of comfortable eight different directions;
Fig. 3 is the working characteristics ROC curve figure of the In vivo detection technology in the inventive method.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment.
A kind of living body faces recognition methods proposed by the present invention, it is applied to android system, and its totality realizes block diagram such as Shown in Fig. 1, it comprises the following steps:
1. it is 256 × 256 to obtain M width to include different face object and size by mobile phone camera Living body faces image, then the photo facial image of every width living body faces image is obtained by mobile phone camera, per photos face The size of image is 256 × 256;Then M width living body faces images and M photos facial images are transformed into gray-scale map Picture, 2M width gray level image is formed into a training image set;Then every width gray level image in training image set is calculated Characteristic vector;, will again using the characteristic vector of the gray level image of every width living body faces image as a positive sample, and with+1 mark The characteristic vector of gray level image per photos facial image identifies as a negative sample, and with -1;Finally by all positive samples This and all negative samples are input in SVM classifier and are trained, and obtain SVM classifier training pattern;Wherein, M >=50, instructing The classification results for the SVM classifier training pattern that white silk stage usual positive sample and negative sample more at most obtain are more accurate, therefore have M can suitably take larger value when gymnastics is made, and M=261 is can use such as in concrete operations.
Here, the face object in M width living body faces images is different, i.e., M different faces shoot To different living body faces image;And photo facial image is the figure for once being shot to obtain again to the face on photo Picture.
2. need to carry out living body faces identification, a frame is obtained by mobile phone camera and includes face object to be identified Facial image, the minimum rectangular area where face object, then the chi to rectangular area are then intercepted in the facial image Very little size progress is regular, the human face region image to be identified that size is 256 × 256 is obtained, then by people to be identified Face area image changes into gray level image.
3. the gray level image of human face region image is identified using existing face recognition technology, if recognition result For validated user, then step is performed 4.;If recognition result is disabled user, refuse face verification, face verification failure. This, when recognition result is disabled user, the source of the human face region image may be living body faces, it is also possible to be photo people People beyond face, i.e. user can not pass through face verification.
4. utilizing In vivo detection technology, the characteristic vector of the gray level image of human face region image is first calculated, then by face area The characteristic vector of the gray level image of area image is input in SVM classifier training pattern, if SVM classifier training pattern exports + 1, then it represents that the source of human face region image is living body faces, and face verification is successful;If the output of SVM classifier training pattern- 1, then it represents that the source of human face region image is photo face, refuses face verification, face verification failure.
In this particular embodiment, the acquisition of the step 1. characteristic vector of every width gray level image in middle training image set The acquisition process of process and the step 4. characteristic vector of the gray level image of middle human face region image is identical, by training image set The gray level image of every width gray level image and human face region image be used as a pending image, due to living body faces and personation The larger difference of photo face is that the mirror-reflection amount of the latter is far longer than the former, diffusing reflection caused by real human face surface The light intensity of light is always directly proportional to the light intensity of face surface all directions incident light and the cosine value of incidence angle, and palms off photo face The concavo-convex situation of face is not met, and smooth degree is high, and mirror-reflection amount is high, and photo face object would is that diffusing reflection and minute surface The linear combination of reflecting component, mirror-reflection amount shares weight with diffusing reflection amount, therefore the inventive method draws pending image It is divided into the image block of 16 non-overlapping copies, it is big that each image block then is divided into the individual equitant sizes of (64-2) × (64-2) It is small be 3 × 3 sub-block, recycle the Sobel operators of each sub-block and eight different directions to do the result of convolution operation to obtain The characteristic vector of pending image, i.e., the acquisition process of the characteristic vector of pending image are:
A, pending image is divided intoThe size of individual non-overlapping copies is 64 × 64 image block.
B, i-th of image block currently pending in pending image is defined as current image block, wherein, 1≤i≤ 16, i initial value is 1.
C, using size, point slides pixel-by-pixel in current image block for 3 × 3 sliding window, by current image block It is divided into the sub-block that the individual equitant sizes of (64-2) × (64-2) are 3 × 3.
D, the Sobel operators of eight different directions are done into convolution operation with each sub-block in current image block respectively, obtained Each sub-block into current image block eight different directions Grad, by j-th of sub-block in current image block in kth The Grad in individual direction is designated asFor the Sobel operators in k-th of direction and j-th of sub-block in current image block are done Convolution operation obtains;Wherein, as listed in table 1, the Sobel operators of eight different directions be respectively 0 ° Sobel operators, 45 ° Sobel operators, 90 ° of Sobel operators, 135 ° of Sobel operators, 180 ° of Sobel operators, 225 ° of Sobel operators, 270 ° Sobel operators, 315 ° of Sobel operators, 1≤j≤(64-2) × (64-2), 1≤k≤8.
The Sobel operators of 1 eight different directions of table
E, the order by all sub-blocks in current image block, by all sub-blocks in current image block in each direction Grad is arranged to make up the Grad vector that dimension of the current image block in each direction is (64-2) × (64-2), will currently scheme As the dimension of current image block that Grad of all sub-blocks in k-th of direction in block is arranged to make up in k-th of direction is (64-2) × (64-2) Grad vector is designated as Wherein, it is vector representation symbol in this symbol " [] ",Represent the 1st sub-block in current image block in k-th direction Grad,Grad of the 2nd sub-block in current image block in k-th of direction is represented,Represent current - 1 sub-block of (64-2) × (64-2) in image block k-th of direction Grad,Represent present image The Grad of individual sub-blocks of (64-2) × (64-2) in block in k-th of direction.
F, i=i+1 is made, next pending image block in pending image as current image block, is then back to Step c is continued executing with, until all image blocks in pending image are disposed, obtains each image in pending image The Grad vector that block is (64-2) × (64-2) in the dimension of eight different directions, wherein, "=" in i=i+1 is assignment Symbol.
G, the order by all image blocks in pending image, by all image blocks each comfortable eight in pending image The Grad vector of individual different directions is arranged to make up the characteristic vector of pending image, is designated as T, T=[TV1 1,TV2 1,…,TV8 1, TV1 2,TV2 2,…,TV8 2,…,TV1 16,TV2 16,…,TV8 16], wherein, it is vector representation symbol in this symbol " [] ", TV1 1Table Show the Grad vector that dimension of the 1st image block in the 1st direction is (64-2) × (64-2), TV2 1Represent the 1st image block The Grad vector that dimension in the 2nd direction is (64-2) × (64-2), TV8 1Represent the 1st image block in the 8th direction The Grad vector that dimension is (64-2) × (64-2), TV1 2Represent that dimension of the 2nd image block in the 1st direction is (64-2) × (64-2) Grad vector, TV2 2Represent the ladder that dimension of the 2nd image block in the 2nd direction is (64-2) × (64-2) Angle value vector, TV8 2Represent the Grad vector that dimension of the 2nd image block in the 8th direction is (64-2) × (64-2), TV1 16 Represent the Grad vector that dimension of the 16th image block in the 1st direction is (64-2) × (64-2), TV2 16Represent the 16th The Grad vector that dimension of the image block in the 2nd direction is (64-2) × (64-2), TV8 16Represent the 16th image block the 8th The Grad vector that the dimension in individual direction is (64-2) × (64-2).
To further illustrate the feasibility and validity of the inventive method, experimental verification is carried out to the inventive method.
NUAA In vivo detection face databases disclosed in the Sample Storehouse selected on Matlab experiment porch uses, in NUAA live bodies 522 sub-pictures, including the photo people of 261 width living body faces images and every width living body faces image are randomly selected in detection face database Face image (i.e. photo facial image totally 261 width), the size of each image is 256 × 256.The type of each image is RGB Three Channel Color images, convert it into gray level image, facilitate image procossing.Each image is divided intoIt is individual The size of non-overlapping copies is 64 × 64 image block, and it is 3 × 3 sliding window in each image then to use size Point is slided pixel-by-pixel in block, and each image block is divided into the son that the individual equitant sizes of (64-2) × (64-2) are 3 × 3 Block, then the Sobel operators of eight different directions are done into convolution operation with each sub-block in each image block respectively, obtain each Each sub-block in image block and then obtains Grad of each image block in each direction in the Grad of eight different directions Vector.Fig. 2 a give the ladder of each comfortable eight different directions of all image blocks in the gray level image of a width living body faces image Angle value vector distribution, as can be seen that the percentage shared by Grad vector of all image blocks in each direction is each from Fig. 2 a Differ.Fig. 2 b give all image blocks in the gray level image of the photo facial image of living body faces image corresponding to Fig. 2 a The Grad vector distribution of each comfortable eight different directions, ladder of all image blocks in each direction is can be seen that from Fig. 2 b Percentage shared by angle value vector is different.Comparison diagram 2a and Fig. 2 b, it can be seen that the level difference of the distribution shown in Fig. 2 b Property is larger.
Each comfortable eight differences of all image blocks in the gray level image of all living body faces images obtained above The Grad vector in direction, obtains the characteristic vector of the gray level image of all living body faces images, and randomly selectM feature Vector is used as positive sample;And according to the institute in the gray level image of the photo facial image of all living body faces images obtained above There is the Grad vector of each comfortable eight different directions of image block, obtain the ash of the photo facial image of all living body faces images The characteristic vector of image is spent, and using characteristic vector corresponding to positive sample as negative sample;By all positive samples and all negative samples It is input in SVM classifier and is trained, obtains SVM classifier training pattern.Will be remainingThe ash of M living body faces image Spend the characteristic vector of image and remainingThe characteristic vector of the gray level image of the photo facial image of M living body faces image point Characteristic vector not as test is input in SVM classifier training pattern, and Fig. 3 gives the In vivo detection in the inventive method The working characteristics ROC curve of technology, abscissa represents false positive probability (False Positive Rate) in Fig. 3, and ordinate represents Real probability (True Positive Rate), it was found from the area below ROC curve provided from Fig. 3, in the inventive method The verification and measurement ratio of In vivo detection technology reach 98.718%, detection used time 167 seconds altogether, average every face processing it is time-consuming less than One second, this, which fully indicates the inventive method, had relatively low complexity, and preferable reason is provided for the application of Android platform By basis, this causes the In vivo detection technology in the inventive method to greatly improve the feasibility for improving face recognition technology, more The sound assurance safety in utilization of face identification system.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of living body faces recognition methods, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1. obtaining, M width includes different face object and size is 256 × 256 living body faces image, then obtains The photo facial image of every width living body faces image is taken, the size per photos facial image is 256 × 256;Then by M Width living body faces image and M photos facial images are transformed into gray level image, and 2M width gray level image is formed into a training figure Image set closes;Then the characteristic vector of every width gray level image in training image set is calculated;Again by every width living body faces image The characteristic vector of gray level image identifies as a positive sample, and with+1, by the spy of the gray level image of every photos facial image Sign vector is used as a negative sample, and with -1 mark;Finally all positive samples and all negative samples are input in SVM classifier It is trained, obtains SVM classifier training pattern;
2. need to carry out living body faces identification, the facial image that a frame includes face object to be identified is obtained, then at this Minimum rectangular area in facial image where interception face object, then the size progress to rectangular area are regular, obtain To the human face region image to be identified that size is 256 × 256, human face region image to be identified is then changed into ash Spend image;
3. the gray level image of human face region image is identified using face recognition technology, if recognition result is legal use Family, then perform step 4.;If recognition result is disabled user, refuse face verification, face verification failure;
4. utilizing In vivo detection technology, the characteristic vector of the gray level image of human face region image is first calculated, then by human face region figure The characteristic vector of the gray level image of picture is input in SVM classifier training pattern, if SVM classifier training pattern output+1, The source for then representing human face region image is living body faces, and face verification is successful;If SVM classifier training pattern output -1, The source for then representing human face region image is photo face, refuses face verification, face verification failure;
Described the step 1. acquisition process of the characteristic vector of every width gray level image in middle training image set and described step The acquisition process of the characteristic vector of the gray level image of rapid 4. middle human face region image is identical, by every width ash in training image set The gray level image of degree image and human face region image is used as a pending image, the acquisition of the characteristic vector of pending image Process is:
A, pending image is divided intoThe size of individual non-overlapping copies is 64 × 64 image block;
B, i-th of image block currently pending in pending image is defined as current image block, wherein, 1≤i≤16, i's Initial value is 1;
C, using size, point slides pixel-by-pixel in current image block for 3 × 3 sliding window, and current image block is split Into the sub-block that the individual equitant sizes of (64-2) × (64-2) are 3 × 3;
D, the Sobel operators of eight different directions are done into convolution operation with each sub-block in current image block respectively, worked as Each sub-block in preceding image block eight different directions Grad, by j-th of sub-block in current image block in k-th of side To Grad be designated asWherein, the Sobel operators of eight different directions be respectively 0 ° Sobel operators, 45 ° of Sobel Operator, 90 ° of Sobel operators, 135 ° of Sobel operators, 180 ° of Sobel operators, 225 ° of Sobel operators, 270 ° Sobel operators, 315 ° of Sobel operators, 1≤j≤(64-2) × (64-2), 1≤k≤8;
E, the order by all sub-blocks in current image block, by gradient of all sub-blocks in current image block in each direction Value is arranged to make up the Grad vector that dimension of the current image block in each direction is (64-2) × (64-2), by current image block In dimension of the current image block that is arranged to make up of Grad of all sub-blocks in k-th of direction in k-th of direction be (64-2) × (64-2) Grad vector is designated as Wherein, exist This symbol " [] " is vector representation symbol,Grad of the 1st sub-block in current image block in k-th of direction is represented,Grad of the 2nd sub-block in current image block in k-th of direction is represented,Represent in current image block - 1 sub-block of (64-2) × (64-2) k-th of direction Grad,Represent the in current image block Grad of the individual sub-blocks of (64-2) × (64-2) in k-th of direction;
F, i=i+1 is made, next pending image block in pending image as current image block, is then back to step c Continue executing with, until all image blocks in pending image are disposed, each image block obtained in pending image exists The Grad vector that the dimension of eight different directions is (64-2) × (64-2), wherein, "=" in i=i+1 is assignment;
G, the order by all image blocks in pending image, by each comfortable eight of all image blocks in pending image not Equidirectional Grad vector is arranged to make up the characteristic vector of pending image, is designated as T,Wherein, it is vector in this symbol " [] " Represent symbol, TV1 1The Grad vector that dimension of the 1st image block in the 1st direction is (64-2) × (64-2) is represented, Represent the Grad vector that dimension of the 1st image block in the 2nd direction is (64-2) × (64-2), TV8 1Represent the 1st image The Grad vector that dimension of the block in the 8th direction is (64-2) × (64-2), TV1 2Represent the 2nd image block in the 1st direction Dimension be (64-2) × (64-2) Grad vector,Represent that dimension of the 2nd image block in the 2nd direction is (64- 2) × (64-2) Grad vector, TV8 2Represent that dimension of the 2nd image block in the 8th direction is (64-2) × (64-2's) Grad vector, TV1 16The Grad vector that dimension of the 16th image block in the 1st direction is (64-2) × (64-2) is represented,Represent the Grad vector that dimension of the 16th image block in the 2nd direction is (64-2) × (64-2), TV8 16Represent the The Grad vector that dimension of 16 image blocks in the 8th direction is (64-2) × (64-2).
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