CN104765940A - Oil nozzle abrasive flow machining particle movement numerical simulation method - Google Patents
Oil nozzle abrasive flow machining particle movement numerical simulation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an oil nozzle abrasive flow machining particle movement numerical simulation method. The method includes the specific steps that 1, a computation model is built; 2, solution parameters are set, wherein before simulation, feather parameters, initial parameters, boundary conditions and the like of abrasive flow are set; 3, a model grid and areas are divided; 4, a solver is set and solution computation is conducted; 5, a calculation result is after-processed, wherein a particle track is displayed, a position distribution graph of particles is displayed, and a particle speed vector diagram is displayed. By means of the method, numerical simulation is conducted on a discrete particle phase in a flow field for oil nozzle abrasive flow machining, coupling of discrete-phase particles and continuous-phase fluid is computed, movement data of the discrete particles are obtained, and it draws a conclusion that the movement condition of the particles in the abrasive flow machining process is related to turbulence intensity of the fluid, the relation among non-linear pipe channel surface quality, the particles and wall face collisions is discussed, and a good guide function is performed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of atomizer abrasive Flow Machining movement of particles method for numerical simulation, belong to abrasive Flow Machining analogue technique field.
Background technology
Current, along with manufacturing development, the accuracy requirement of every field to parts also improves constantly.Especially higher accuracy requirement is had at aerospace, auto manufacturing, medical science and military industry field to parts.The equal Surface Quality of parts such as valve spool of valve as widespread use in the vitals common rail pipe in automobile oil supply system, atomizer part and aviation apparatus of transport has very high requirement.In the face of complicated an actor's rendering of an operatic tune parts that these sizes are little, accuracy requirement is high, traditional diamond-making technique is difficult to reach processing request, and abrasive Flow Machining technology is arisen at the historic moment.Abrasive Flow Machining technology effectively can solve the small duct that traditional job operation is difficult to realize, the especially Precision Machining in non-rectilinear duct.There is very large advantage compared with traditional diamond-making technique in abrasive Flow Machining technology, eliminates surperficial flow harden, eliminate the change of surface residual stress and surface layer metallographic structure to the impact of workpiece quality performance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of atomizer abrasive Flow Machining movement of particles method for numerical simulation, to carry out numerical simulation for atomizer abrasive Flow Machining movement of particles situation better, improve result of use.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows.
A kind of atomizer abrasive Flow Machining movement of particles method for numerical simulation, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) computation model is set up: selected atomizer part is certain diesel motor atomizer part, uniform six little spray orifices in its end, its runner diameter macropores is 4mm, and hole diameter is 0.16mm, the three-dimensional entity model drawn by Soildworks software; For ease of simulation analysis, drawn atomizer 3D solid figure is simplified, hide its entity part, its inner passage part is taken out come, only retain atomizer main channel and six ejection orifice channels;
(2) setting solves parameter: before emulating, will set the characteristic parameter of abrasive Flow, initial parameter, boundary condition etc., specific as follows:
(2a) initial parameter: on-stream pressure 1.01e5Pa, density of liquid phase ρ
lbe 886, liquid phase kinetic viscosity is μ=0.131e
-0.026Tpas, liquid phase specific heat capacity 2000j/ (kgK), liquid phase heat transfer is 0.15w/ (mK), acceleration of gravity 9.8ms
2, SiC particle density ρ under normal temperature
s(kg/m
3),
particle heat-conduction coefficient 120w/ (mK);
(2b) boundary condition is imported and exported:
Continuous phase: channel entrance adopts speed condition for import, assuming that inflow point's abrasive Flow is turbulence state, according to the real process of atomizer abrasive Flow Machining, endpiece is for be directly in communication with the outside, abrasive Flow can freely flow out from atomizer, and setting endpiece boundary condition is free export;
Discrete phase: discrete phase is the SiC particle of certain volume, the concentration of discrete phase SiC particle equally also can have influence on abrasive Flow Machining effect, in unit volume, SiC content is higher in theory, the chance that SiC particle in abrasive Flow and channel wall collide is also more, also more obvious to the ablation of channel inner surface; Setting SiC grain volume fraction is 8%.Equally also adopt speed condition for import, given initial velocity is the same with fluid-phase; Endpiece boundary condition is free export;
(2c) wall boundary condition: wall is defaulted as non-slip boundary condition.
(3) model meshes divides and Region dividing: adopt tetrahedron to carry out stress and strain model to atomizer passage geometric model; For obtaining satisfied mesh quality, for atomizer model, first piecemeal process is carried out to computation model, then with tetrahedral grid, division is carried out to the passage after piecemeal and also grid density degree is set one by one, thus reach the object of control mesh number and mesh quality, to meet the requirement that analog simulation calculates; Select tetrahedral grid to divide it, and generate body fitted anisotropic mesh at atomizer channel wall place; 230845 nodes are formed after stress and strain model.
(4) solver setting and solve calculating: overall model setting in, time type selecting Transient transition type, continuous phase adopts k-epsilon turbulence model, carrying out discrete phase according to the size of atomizer model follows the tracks of in arranging of calculating, step-length is 0.001mm, and maximum step number is 4500 steps; Method for solving selects Second-order Up-wind algorithm, and iteration about 160 times, reaches the condition of convergence, illustrates that atomizer channel pattern Design calcu-lation optimum configurations is comparatively reasonable, can reach convergence;
(5) result of calculation aftertreatment:
(5a) particle trajectories is shown.The particle trajectories figure obtained by numerical analysis, from particle pathway figure, the followability of particle convection cell is fine, particle is seldom had directly to strike on tube wall along the direction of incoming flow, the particle at nearly wall place can produce slippage along coming flow path direction at wall, when abrasive Flow flows through cross bore place, due to the resistance of local, make the kinetic energy rejection of fluid larger, speed obviously reduces, thus the rolling action reduced particle, the momentum transfer of particle is diminished, the momentum of particle is caused to reduce, partial particulate produces at cross bore place to be piled up, this part particle occurring to pile up enters injection hole on injection nozzle at the flows by action of Secondary Flow through deposition surface again.
(5b) location map of particle is shown.At cross bore place and dense near atomizer channel inner surface near-wall region distribution of particles, and it is sparse near the distribution of atomizer channel centerline regions particulate, which reflects in the process of abrasive Flow Machining atomizer, the feature of Particle Phase uneven distribution in Turbulence Media.When abrasive Flow flows through atomizer cross bore position, form eddy flow district at cross bore place; District and channel inner surface near wall region is produced at the eddy flow of cross bore, the turbulence intensity of continuous phase is higher, illustrate that the distribution of particle is relevant with continuous phase turbulence intensity, namely in the position that continuous phase turbulence intensity is higher, Particle Phase distribution comparatively dense, in the position that continuous phase turbulence intensity is lower, Particle Phase distribution is more sparse.
(5c) particle speed polar plot is shown.In the process of abrasive Flow Machining atomizer, when abrasive Flow flows through atomizer cross bore position, speed increases suddenly, and this causes because aperture diminishes suddenly; Meanwhile, there is irregular change in the direction vector of speed, and illustrate that the collision effect of particle and wall is herein more violent, the elaboration of abrasive Flow to this position is more obvious; The speed of abrasive Flow at the little wall surface of the hole place of atomizer is much smaller than the speed in aperture vestibule, illustrate and to collide at little wall surface of the hole place particle and wall, collision between particle is more violent, by the collision of particle to wall, makes abrasive Flow carry out deburring, polishing to wall; The speed vector figure of contrast macropore hole wall and aperture hole wall particle, find that the particle speed at macropore nearly wall place is far smaller than the speed at the nearly wall place of aperture, can predict that abrasive Flow is more obvious than the processing effect of macropore hole wall to the processing effect of aperture hole wall in the process of processing atomizer.
This beneficial effect of the invention is: the inventive method has carried out numerical simulation mutually to the discrete particle in the flow field of atomizer abrasive Flow Machining, discrete phase particle is calculated with being coupled of continuous phase fluid, draw the exercise data of discrete particle, comprise the collision information of particle and wall, particle pathway, particle position distributes, and particle speed vector distribution situation, show that in abrasive Flow Machining process, the motion conditions of particle is relevant with the turbulence intensity of fluid; And inquired into the relation of non-rectilinear tube passage surface quality and particle-wall collision, there is good directive function.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the general steps schematic diagram of the numerical simulation used in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, better to understand the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention take atomizer as object, and the concrete steps of carrying out numerical simulation are as follows:
(1) computation model is set up: selected atomizer part is certain diesel motor atomizer part, uniform six little spray orifices in its end, its runner diameter macropores is 4mm, and hole diameter is 0.16mm, the three-dimensional entity model drawn by Soildworks software.For ease of simulation analysis, drawn atomizer 3D solid figure is simplified, hide its entity part, its inner passage part is taken out come, only retain atomizer main channel and six ejection orifice channels.
(2) setting solves parameter: before emulating, will set the characteristic parameter of abrasive Flow, initial parameter, boundary condition etc., specific as follows:
(2a) initial parameter.On-stream pressure 1.01e5Pa, density of liquid phase ρ
lbe 886, liquid phase kinetic viscosity is μ=0.131e
-0.026Tpas, liquid phase specific heat capacity 2000j/ (kgK), liquid phase heat transfer is 0.15w/ (mK), acceleration of gravity 9.8ms
2, SiC particle density ρ under normal temperature
s(kg/m
3),
particle heat-conduction coefficient 120w/ (mK).
(2b) boundary condition is imported and exported:
Continuous phase: channel entrance adopts speed condition for import (Velocity-inlet), assuming that inflow point's abrasive Flow is turbulence state, turbulence model selects k-epsilon (2eqn) model.According to the real process of atomizer abrasive Flow Machining, endpiece is for be directly in communication with the outside, and abrasive Flow can freely flow out from atomizer, therefore setting endpiece boundary condition is free export (outflow).
Discrete phase: discrete phase is the SiC particle of certain volume, the concentration of discrete phase SiC particle equally also can have influence on abrasive Flow Machining effect, in unit volume, SiC content is higher in theory, the chance that SiC particle in abrasive Flow and channel wall collide is also more, also more obvious to the ablation of channel inner surface; But, the volume fraction of discrete phase is excessive also can affect processing effect, for atomizer part, its small volume, spray orifice size is only 0.16mm, if solid content is too high in abrasive Flow, may affect the formation of turbulent flow, even betting contest spray orifice, therefore answers the volume fraction of choose reasonable discrete phase.According on a large amount of research on theory and practice bases, setting SiC grain volume fraction is 8%.Equally also adopt speed condition for import, given initial velocity is the same with fluid-phase; Endpiece boundary condition (outlet) is free export (outflow).
(2c) wall boundary condition: wall is defaulted as non-slip boundary condition.
(3) model meshes divide and Region dividing: should note during grid division following some: first computing velocity should meet the minimum requirement of lattice number; Next stops the requirement that truncation error should meet Mesh smoothing; Then the requirement of body fitted anisotropic mesh encryption should be met according to required workpiece near wall region.Because of hexahedral mesh nodes than tetrahedron closer to reality, but due to and simplify after atomizer passage geometric model complex-shaped, so to atomizer passage geometric model adopt tetrahedron carry out stress and strain model.
The quality of mesh quality is by convergence, the computational accuracy of the configuration and simulation result that directly affect required computational resource.For obtaining satisfied mesh quality, for atomizer model, first piecemeal process is carried out to computation model, then carry out division and arrange grid density degree one by one (comprising body fitted anisotropic mesh encryption to the passage after piecemeal with tetrahedral grid, strengthen the process to workpiece wall), thus reach the object of control mesh number and mesh quality, to meet the requirement that analog simulation calculates.Although tetrahedral grid generating algorithm is complicated and counting yield is low, but its geometric model adaptability is better than hexahedral mesh, and division methods is simple, be applicable to the feature that atomizer passage geometric model is complex-shaped, so select tetrahedral grid to divide it in literary composition, and generate body fitted anisotropic mesh at atomizer channel wall place.230845 nodes are formed after stress and strain model.
(4) solver setting and solve calculating: overall model setting in, time type selecting Transient transition type, continuous phase adopts k-epsilon turbulence model, carrying out discrete phase according to the size of atomizer model follows the tracks of in arranging of calculating, step-length (Step Length) is 0.001mm, and maximum step number (Max.Nunber of Steps) is 4500 steps.Method for solving selects Second-order Up-wind algorithm, and about iteration about 160 times, reaches the condition of convergence, illustrates that atomizer channel pattern Design calcu-lation optimum configurations is comparatively reasonable, can reach convergence.In order to abrasive Flow Machining flow field characteristic can be analyzed better, here the exercise datas such as particle pathway, particle position distribution and velocity distribution are analyzed.
(5) result of calculation aftertreatment:
(5a) particle trajectories is shown.The particle trajectories figure obtained by DPM numerical analysis, from particle pathway figure, the followability of particle convection cell is fine, particle is seldom had directly to strike on tube wall along the direction of incoming flow, the particle at nearly wall place can produce slippage along coming flow path direction at wall, when abrasive Flow flows through cross bore place, due to the resistance of local, make the kinetic energy rejection of fluid larger, speed obviously reduces, thus the rolling action reduced particle, the momentum transfer of particle is diminished, the momentum of particle is caused to reduce, partial particulate produces at cross bore place to be piled up, this part particle occurring to pile up enters injection hole on injection nozzle at the flows by action of Secondary Flow through deposition surface again.Through this process, abrasive particle collides and slippage to cross bore place wall, makes abrasive particle produce good ablation to cross bore place, and abrasive Flow is repeated multiple times flows through cross bore place, this process is repeatedly repeated, can to cross bore position generation processing effect clearly.
Abrasive Flow is finally caused by particles hit wall to the elaboration of atomizer passage, therefore can from the processing effect of the angle analysis diverse location of particle trajectories.The track of particle is by the impact of the factor of inertial force, fluid viscosity resistance, several mutual competition of Secondary Flow, wherein, inertial force maintains particle and tangentially moves, fluid viscosity resistance maintains particle and moves along grain direction, thus make particle not easily pass through streamline shock wall, Secondary Flow orders about particle edge from macropore and aperture intersection moving to the inwall of aperture, and granular mass is less, and Effects of Secondary Flow is more remarkable.Therefore, when fluid is low-density, during low-viscosity, inertial force is occupied an leading position, when fluid is high viscosity, fluid viscosity resistance is occupied an leading position, the abrasive Flow of processing atomizer belongs to low-density low viscosity Fluid-particle two-phase flows, when abrasive Flow flows through the cross bore place of atomizer, inertial force makes particle overcome fluid fluid viscosity drag effect, wall effect of impact is strengthened, because particle makes collision frequency increase in the accumulation of intersection, under the effect of Secondary Flow, particle is for further processing to cross bore place, therefore predict that the most significant region of processing effect in the process of abrasive Flow Machining atomizer is cross bore position.
(5b) location map of particle is shown.At cross bore place and dense near atomizer channel inner surface near-wall region distribution of particles, and it is sparse near the distribution of atomizer channel centerline regions particulate, which reflects in the process of abrasive Flow Machining atomizer, the feature of Particle Phase uneven distribution in Turbulence Media.When abrasive Flow flows through atomizer cross bore position, form eddy flow district at cross bore place; District and channel inner surface near wall region is produced at the eddy flow of cross bore, the turbulence intensity of continuous phase is higher, illustrate that the distribution of particle is relevant with continuous phase turbulence intensity, namely in the position that continuous phase turbulence intensity is higher, Particle Phase distribution comparatively dense, in the position that continuous phase turbulence intensity is lower, Particle Phase distribution is more sparse.
(5c) particle speed polar plot is shown.In the process of abrasive Flow Machining atomizer, when abrasive Flow flows through atomizer cross bore position, speed increases suddenly, and this causes because aperture diminishes suddenly; Meanwhile, there is irregular change in the direction vector of speed, and illustrate that the collision effect of particle and wall is herein more violent, the elaboration of abrasive Flow to this position is more obvious; The speed of abrasive Flow at the little wall surface of the hole place of atomizer is much smaller than the speed in aperture vestibule, illustrate and to collide at little wall surface of the hole place particle and wall, collision between particle is more violent, by the collision of particle to wall, makes abrasive Flow carry out deburring, polishing to wall; The speed vector figure of contrast macropore hole wall and aperture hole wall particle, find that the particle speed at macropore nearly wall place is far smaller than the speed at the nearly wall place of aperture, can predict that abrasive Flow is more obvious than the processing effect of macropore hole wall to the processing effect of aperture hole wall in the process of processing atomizer.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. an atomizer abrasive Flow Machining movement of particles method for numerical simulation, is characterized in that: concrete steps are as follows:
(1) computation model is set up: selected atomizer part is certain diesel motor atomizer part, uniform six little spray orifices in its end, its runner diameter macropores is 4mm, and hole diameter is 0.16mm, the three-dimensional entity model drawn by Soildworks software; For ease of simulation analysis, drawn atomizer 3D solid figure is simplified, hide its entity part, its inner passage part is taken out come, only retain atomizer main channel and six ejection orifice channels;
(2) setting solves parameter: before emulating, will set the characteristic parameter of abrasive Flow, initial parameter, boundary condition etc., specific as follows:
(2a) initial parameter: on-stream pressure 1.01e5Pa, density of liquid phase ρ
lbe 886, liquid phase kinetic viscosity is μ=0.131e
-0.026Tpas, liquid phase specific heat capacity 2000j/ (kgK), liquid phase heat transfer is 0.15w/ (mK), acceleration of gravity 9.8ms
2, SiC particle density ρ under normal temperature
s(kg/m
3),
particle heat-conduction coefficient 120w/ (mK);
(2b) boundary condition is imported and exported:
Continuous phase: channel entrance adopts speed condition for import, assuming that inflow point's abrasive Flow is turbulence state, according to the real process of atomizer abrasive Flow Machining, endpiece is for be directly in communication with the outside, abrasive Flow can freely flow out from atomizer, and setting endpiece boundary condition is free export;
Discrete phase: discrete phase is the SiC particle of certain volume, the concentration of discrete phase SiC particle equally also can have influence on abrasive Flow Machining effect, in unit volume, SiC content is higher in theory, the chance that SiC particle in abrasive Flow and channel wall collide is also more, also more obvious to the ablation of channel inner surface; Setting SiC grain volume fraction is 8%; Equally also adopt speed condition for import, given initial velocity is the same with fluid-phase; Endpiece boundary condition is free export;
(2c) wall boundary condition: wall is defaulted as non-slip boundary condition;
(3) model meshes divides and Region dividing: adopt tetrahedron to carry out stress and strain model to atomizer passage geometric model; For obtaining satisfied mesh quality, for atomizer model, first piecemeal process is carried out to computation model, then with tetrahedral grid, division is carried out to the passage after piecemeal and also grid density degree is set one by one, thus reach the object of control mesh number and mesh quality, to meet the requirement that analog simulation calculates; Select tetrahedral grid to divide it, and generate body fitted anisotropic mesh at atomizer channel wall place; 230845 nodes are formed after stress and strain model;
(4) solver setting and solve calculating: overall model setting in, time type selecting Transient transition type, continuous phase adopts k-epsilon turbulence model, carrying out discrete phase according to the size of atomizer model follows the tracks of in arranging of calculating, step-length is 0.001mm, and maximum step number is 4500 steps; Method for solving selects Second-order Up-wind algorithm, and iteration about 160 times, reaches the condition of convergence, illustrates that atomizer channel pattern Design calcu-lation optimum configurations is comparatively reasonable, can reach convergence;
(5) result of calculation aftertreatment:
(5a) particle trajectories is shown; The particle trajectories figure obtained by numerical analysis;
(5b) location map of particle is shown;
(5c) particle speed polar plot is shown.
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