CN104761668A - A bulk polymerization method of a nonpolar monomer by microwave heating - Google Patents
A bulk polymerization method of a nonpolar monomer by microwave heating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A bulk polymerization method of a nonpolar monomer by microwave heating is disclosed. The method is characterized by comprising following steps of: stirring nanometer silicon carbide powder with the nonpolar monomer until the mixture is uniform, adding a free radical thermal initiator to obtain a uniformly mixed mixture, subjecting the mixture to degassing treatment, and performing polymerization by microwave heating to obtain a composite material. The method allows bulk polymerization of the nonpolar monomer by microwave heating to be possible. A microwave reaction instrument is adopted to monitor the temperature of a heating system in real time, thus overcoming the problem that polymerization systems are prone to explosive polymerization. In addition, the reaction system is uniform in heating and easy to control. Properties of the obtained material are excellent. Bubbles, color changing, and other problems common in the reaction are reduced. The polymer obtained by the method is high in crosslinking degree, large in size, uniform in morphology and excellent in mechanical performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bulk polymerization, relate more particularly to a kind of bulk polymerization of microwave heating non-polar monomer.
Background technology
Mass polymerization is monomer under the condition of not solubilizing agent and other dispersion agent, under the effect of initiator or heat, light, radiation, does not add the polymerization process that other media carry out.Be characterized in that product purity is high, do not need complicated separation, purification, operation is comparatively simple, and production unit utilization ratio is high.But mass polymerization itself also exists many defects: such as process heat effect is relatively large, because system viscosity constantly increases with polymerization, system mixing and heat transfer difficult; In radical polymerization situation, there is rate of polymerization autoacceleration effect sometimes, thus cause material to have bubble, variable color; If it is improper to control, easily cause implode, material difficulty up to standard is strengthened; Molecular weight of product distribution is wide, and unreacted monomer is difficult to eliminate, products machinery degradation etc.In addition, the crosslinked polymer degree that bulk polymerization conventional on the market obtains is not high, such as crosslinked polystyrene, its degree of crosslinking is generally about 2%, if improve its degree of crosslinking, the more difficult control of the reaction due to mass polymerization, is difficult to form the homogeneous product of large volume pattern, the product obtained cannot be applied, here large volume pattern is homogeneous refers to that namely volume is at 100mm × 100mm × more than 20mm, flawless inside and outside material, bubble-free, without emulsification white point, color is homogeneous.
Microwave refers to the radio frequency electromagnetic of wavelength between infrared rays and ultra-high frequency (UHF).The wavelength region of microwave is greatly between 1mm to 1m, and corresponding range of frequency is 0.3GHz to 300GHz.Microwave heating has two principal features: one, this heating belongs to body heating, heat results from material inside, and microwave has very strong penetration power to photographed object, plays deep layer heat effect to reactant, for condensed matter, microwave heats mainly through polarization and transmission mechanism; Two, microwave makes system be heated evenly, rate of heating is fast, thermo-efficiency is high, and material everywhere character (molecular weight, reactivity etc.) is more homogeneous; Three, adopt microwave reaction instrument can control temperature in real time, can selectivity heating be carried out, easily realize Automated condtrol.A large amount of experiment confirms that microwave technology greatly can not only improve the speed of some chemical reactions, reduces the reaction times, simplifies aftertreatment, improves yield with reactive, and being swift in response that some can also be made not easily to carry out at typical condition is carried out.Being applied in Chemical Industries of microwave can reduce energy consumption, decreasing pollution, improvement product property, is therefore described as " Green Chemistry ", has huge application prospect.
In view of the advantage of microwave heating, microwave heating is applied in mass polymerization by those skilled in the art.But reactant is relevant with the polarity of molecule to the absorption of microwave energy in microwave chemical.Polar molecule due to intramolecule charge distribution uneven, under microwave radiation, absorb energy, produce heat effect by the dipole effect of molecule, be called dielectric loss.The principle of microwave heating, the ability of material absorbing microwave, is mainly decided by its dielectric dissipation factor, and the receptivity of material to microwave that dielectric dissipation factor is larger is stronger.Therefore, be applied to the monomer of microwave technology mainly for polar molecule of mass polymerization at present, such as: methacrylic acid, polarity maleic anhydride etc., it has strong sorption to microwave, directly can carry out mass polymerization under microwave radiation.Microwave technology makes the time of this bulk polymerization and energy consumption all greatly reduce, and improves polymerization rate, yield.But non-polar molecule internal charge is evenly distributed, under microwave radiation, not easily produce polarization, so microwave is less to this type of material heat effect.Especially specific inductivity is less than to the non-polar molecule of 15, because its absorption microwave ability is very weak, does not have method to carry out microwave heating to this non-polar molecule thus to carry out mass polymerization at present.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of bulk polymerization of microwave heating non-polar monomer, it comprises step: Neon SiC powder and non-polar monomer are stirred to uniformity; Add free radical thermal initiator again and obtain the mixture mixed; Degassed process is carried out to this mixture; Carry out microwave heating polymerization, obtain matrix material.
Further, the massfraction of described free radical thermal initiator in described mixture is 0.2%-1%.
Further, the massfraction of described free radical thermal initiator in described mixture is 0.3%-0.6%.
Further, described free radical thermal initiator comprises: cyclohexanone peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, tertbutyl peroxide, the benzoyl peroxide tert-butyl ester, methylethyl ketone peroxide, peroxidation two acyl, Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate or 2,2'-Azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile).
Further, the mass ratio of wherein said non-polar monomer and described silicon carbide powder is 500:1-5000:1.
Further, the particle diameter of described Neon SiC powder is between 10-50 nanometer.
Further, the specific inductivity of described non-polar monomer is less than 15.
Further, described non-polar monomer comprises alpha-methyl styrene, vinylformic acid, 2-methyl isophthalic acid, 3-divinyl, vinylbenzene, styrene derivatives or its mixture.
Further, described microwave heating polymerization comprises prepolymerization and solidification.
Further, described prepolymerized condition is: Heating temperature is 50 DEG C-95 DEG C, and prepolymerization time is 30 minutes-180 minutes.
Further, the condition of described solidification is: Heating temperature is 45 DEG C-70 DEG C, and set time is 5 hours-25 hours.
Further, internal crosslinker is added in the compound resin obtained after described polymerization is also included in prepolymerization, before solidification.
Further, described internal crosslinker is Vinylstyrene.
Further, the mass ratio of described internal crosslinker and compound resin is 1:50-1:5.
Further, described degassed process is Fruit storage.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) bulk polymerization of the present invention makes non-polar molecule also can carry out mass polymerization by microwave heating;
2) utilize the Heating temperature height of microwave reaction instrument controlled, the temperature of heating systems is monitored in real time, thus overcomes the problem of the easy implode of polymerization system; Simultaneous reactions system is heated evenly, and is easy to control, and obtains the excellent performance of material, reduces the problem such as bubble, variable color easily occurred in reaction;
3) polymkeric substance that bulk polymerization of the present invention obtains can have higher degree of crosslinking, and keeps large volume, pattern homogeneous simultaneously, has excellent mechanical property.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Take the vinylbenzene after 154g purifying, take 0.125g nanometer silicon carbide powder and be added in above-mentioned vinylbenzene, and carry out ultrasonic disperse to soilless sticking state.Then add 0.76g dibenzoyl peroxide, fully mix, obtain homogeneous mixture.Degassed deoxygenation is carried out to above-mentioned mixture.Microwave heating instrument (Xinyi Microwave Chemistry Tech Co., Ltd., UWave-1000) is utilized to carry out heating pre-polymerization, wherein: microwave power is 350W; Heating temperature is 85 DEG C; The pre-polymerization time is 90 minutes; Obtain combined styrene resin.Microwave heating instrument is utilized to be heating and curing above-mentioned combined styrene resin, wherein: microwave power is 300W; Heating temperature is 60 DEG C; Set time is 10 hours.Obtain matrix material end product
Embodiment 2
Take the vinylbenzene after 140g purifying, take 0.113g nanometer silicon carbide powder and be added in above-mentioned vinylbenzene, and carry out ultrasonic disperse to soilless sticking state.Then add 0.7g dibenzoyl peroxide, fully mix, obtain homogeneous mixture.Degassed deoxygenation is carried out to above-mentioned mixture.Microwave heating instrument is utilized to carry out heating pre-polymerization in above-mentioned mixture, wherein: microwave power is 350W; Heating temperature is 90 DEG C; The pre-polymerization time is 120 minutes; Obtain combined styrene resin.Take the Vinylstyrene after 9.3g purifying, be slowly added drop-wise in above-mentioned combined styrene resin, be uniformly mixed, carry out degassed deoxygenation.Microwave heating instrument is utilized to be heating and curing, wherein: microwave power is 350W; Heating temperature is 45 DEG C; Set time is 20 hours.Obtain the matrix material end product that large volume pattern is homogeneous, its volume is at 100mm × 100mm × more than 20mm, and flawless inside and outside material, bubble-free, without emulsification white point, color is homogeneous.
With swelling equilibrium assay method measure obtain the degree of crosslinking of matrix material, the degree of crosslinking of this matrix material is 6.32%.
Embodiment 3
Take the vinylformic acid after 150g purifying, take 0.3g nanometer silicon carbide powder and be added in aforesaid propylene acid, and carry out ultrasonic disperse to soilless sticking state.Then add 0.3g cyclohexanone peroxide, fully mix, obtain homogeneous mixture.Degassed deoxygenation is carried out to above-mentioned mixture.Microwave heating instrument is utilized to carry out heating pre-polymerization, wherein: Heating temperature is 50 DEG C; The pre-polymerization time is 180 minutes; Obtain composite acrylic resin.Take the Vinylstyrene after 3.01g purifying, be slowly added drop-wise in above-mentioned composite acrylic resin, be uniformly mixed, degassed deoxygenation.Microwave heating instrument is utilized to be heating and curing, wherein: Heating temperature is 70 DEG C; Set time is 5 hours.Obtain matrix material end product.
Embodiment 4
Take the alpha-methyl styrene after 150g purifying, take 0.03g nanometer silicon carbide powder and be added in above-mentioned alpha-methyl styrene, and carry out ultrasonic disperse to soilless sticking state.Then add 1.515g tertbutyl peroxide, fully mix, obtain homogeneous mixture.Degassed deoxygenation is carried out to above-mentioned mixture.Microwave heating instrument is utilized to carry out heating pre-polymerization, wherein: Heating temperature is 95 DEG C; The pre-polymerization time is 30 minutes; Obtain compound alpha-methyl styrene resin.Take the Vinylstyrene after 30.3g purifying, be slowly added drop-wise in above-mentioned compound alpha-methyl styrene resin, be uniformly mixed, degassed deoxygenation.Microwave heating instrument is utilized to be heating and curing, wherein: Heating temperature is 70 DEG C; Set time is 5 hours.Obtain composite crosslinking alpha-methyl styrene resin.Obtain matrix material end product.
Embodiment 5
Take the alpha-methyl styrene after 150g purifying, take 0.03g nanometer silicon carbide powder and be added in above-mentioned alpha-methyl styrene, and carry out ultrasonic disperse to soilless sticking state.Then add 1.515g tertbutyl peroxide, fully mix, obtain homogeneous mixture.Degassed deoxygenation is carried out to above-mentioned mixture.Microwave heating instrument is utilized to carry out heating pre-polymerization, wherein: Heating temperature is 95 DEG C; The pre-polymerization time is 30 minutes; Obtain compound alpha-methyl styrene resin.Take the Vinylstyrene after 30.3g purifying, be slowly added drop-wise in above-mentioned compound alpha-methyl styrene resin, be uniformly mixed, degassed deoxygenation.Microwave heating instrument is utilized to be heating and curing, wherein: Heating temperature is 70 DEG C; Set time is 5 hours.Obtain composite crosslinking alpha-methyl styrene resin.Obtain matrix material end product.
Embodiment 6
Take the 2-methyl isophthalic acid after 150g purifying, 3-divinyl, take 0.2g nanometer silicon carbide powder and be added to above-mentioned 2-methyl isophthalic acid, 3-divinyl, and carry out ultrasonic disperse to soilless sticking state.Then add the 0.45g benzoyl peroxide tert-butyl ester, fully mix, obtain homogeneous mixture.Degassed deoxygenation is carried out to above-mentioned mixture.Microwave heating instrument is utilized to carry out heating pre-polymerization, wherein: Heating temperature is 95 DEG C; The pre-polymerization time is 30 minutes; Obtain compound 2-methyl isophthalic acid, 3-butadiene resin.Take the Vinylstyrene after 10g purifying, be slowly added drop-wise to above-mentioned compound 2-methyl isophthalic acid, in 3-butadiene resin, be uniformly mixed, degassed deoxygenation.Microwave heating instrument is utilized to be heating and curing, wherein: Heating temperature is 45 DEG C; Set time is 25 hours.Obtain composite crosslinking 2-methyl isophthalic acid, 3-butadiene resin.Obtain matrix material end product.
Embodiment 7
Take vinylbenzene and 75g vinylformic acid after 75g purifying, take 0.2g nanometer silicon carbide powder and be added to above-mentioned 2-methyl isophthalic acid, 3-divinyl, and carry out ultrasonic disperse to soilless sticking state.Then add 0.9g methylethyl ketone peroxide, fully mix, obtain homogeneous mixture.Degassed deoxygenation is carried out to above-mentioned mixture.Microwave heating instrument is utilized to carry out heating pre-polymerization, wherein: Heating temperature is 95 DEG C; The pre-polymerization time is 30 minutes; Obtain compound resin.Take the Vinylstyrene after 10g purifying, be slowly added drop-wise in above-mentioned compound resin, be uniformly mixed, degassed deoxygenation.Microwave heating instrument is utilized to be heating and curing, wherein: Heating temperature is 45 DEG C; Set time is 25 hours.Obtain matrix material end product.
Comparative example
Crosslinked polystyrene is prepared by prior art:
Take 4.63g vinylbenzene respectively, 0.28g Vinylstyrene, 0.0058g dibenzoyl peroxide, mixture is through degassed, and 65 DEG C of prepolymerizations heat 2 hours under nitrogen protection.Under nitrogen protection, mixture is injected mould, be heating and curing 12 hours at 75 DEG C, obtain crosslinked polystyrene, recording its degree of crosslinking by swelling equilibrium assay method is 6.18%.In this experimentation, by carefully controlling reaction, obtain the polystyrene product that degree of crosslinking is higher, but it be small-sized, cannot further apply.
The matrix material end product that testing example 1, embodiment 2 and comparative example 1 obtain, contrasts in Table 1 by the second-order transition temperature of acquisition, storage modulus and out-of-phase modulus.
Table 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the second-order transition temperature of embodiment 2 is higher than the second-order transition temperature of embodiment 1 and comparative example.Embodiment 2 storage modulus is at normal temperatures 3065.5MPa, and the storage modulus at 100 DEG C is 1771.5MPa, be greater than embodiment 1 3060.0MPa and 822.6MPa and much larger than 2828.0MPa and 15.4MPa of comparative example.About out-of-phase modulus, embodiment 2 storage modulus is at normal temperatures 131.6 of a little higher than embodiment 1 of 136.1MPa, be 220.3MPa at 100 DEG C, 219.8 of a little higher than embodiment 1, although, under normal temperature, the storage modulus of embodiment 2 is slightly lower than the 138.6MPa of comparative example, but at 100 DEG C, much larger than the 11.6MPa of comparative example.Therefore, can find, (one) mixes (embodiment 1 and embodiment 2) in the poly styrene composite material of silicon carbide in equivalent, and the raising of degree of crosslinking can make the thermotolerance of matrix material and mechanical property acquisition optimize largely; (2) though when linking agent molecular fraction be 6% and the degree of crosslinking obtaining product also closely (embodiment 2 and comparative example), the thermotolerance of the matrix material that the method for the application prepares and mechanical property are also all much better than the matrix material that prior art prepares.
Should be appreciated that above-described embodiment is only by clearly illustrating that the present invention is for example, and be not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For the person of ordinary skill of the art, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here cannot give exhaustive to all embodiments.Every belong to technical scheme of the present invention the apparent change of amplifying out or change the row being still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. a bulk polymerization for microwave heating non-polar monomer, is characterized in that, described method comprises step:
Neon SiC powder and non-polar monomer are stirred to uniformity;
Add free radical thermal initiator again and obtain the mixture mixed;
Degassed process is carried out to this mixture;
Carry out microwave heating polymerization, obtain matrix material.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the massfraction of described free radical thermal initiator in described mixture is 0.2%-1%.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the massfraction of described free radical thermal initiator in described mixture is 0.3%-0.6%.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described free radical thermal initiator comprises: cyclohexanone peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, tertbutyl peroxide, the benzoyl peroxide tert-butyl ester, methylethyl ketone peroxide, peroxidation two acyl, Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate or 2,2'-Azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile).
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mass ratio of wherein said non-polar monomer and described silicon carbide powder is 500:1-5000:1.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the particle diameter of described Neon SiC powder is between 10-50 nanometer.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the specific inductivity of described non-polar monomer is less than 15.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described non-polar monomer comprises alpha-methyl styrene, vinylformic acid, 2-methyl isophthalic acid, 3-divinyl, vinylbenzene, styrene derivatives or its mixture.
9. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described microwave heating polymerization comprises prepolymerization and solidification.
10. method according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described prepolymerized condition is: Heating temperature is 50 DEG C-95 DEG C, and prepolymerization time is 30 minutes-180 minutes.
11. methods according to claim 9, is characterized in that, the condition of described solidification is: Heating temperature is 45 DEG C-70 DEG C, and set time is 5 hours-25 hours.
12. methods according to claim 9, is characterized in that, add internal crosslinker in the compound resin obtained after described polymerization is also included in prepolymerization, before solidification.
13. methods according to claim 12, is characterized in that, described internal crosslinker is Vinylstyrene.
14. methods according to claim 12, is characterized in that, the mass ratio of described internal crosslinker and compound resin is 1:50-1:5.
15. methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described degassed process is Fruit storage.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104238296A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-24 | 湖北鼎龙化学股份有限公司 | Method for preparing color toner with assistance of microwave radiation |
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| CN1493608A (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2004-05-05 | 华东理工大学 | Nano-ferroferric oxide/polystyrene magnetic composite material and its preparation method |
| US20070191536A1 (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2007-08-16 | Fina Technology, Inc. | Branched ionomers |
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| CN104238296A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-24 | 湖北鼎龙化学股份有限公司 | Method for preparing color toner with assistance of microwave radiation |
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