CN104761172A - Concrete efficient expending agent employing aluminum-containing industrial waste residues as well as preparation method and application of concrete efficient expending agent - Google Patents
Concrete efficient expending agent employing aluminum-containing industrial waste residues as well as preparation method and application of concrete efficient expending agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN104761172A CN104761172A CN201510198236.5A CN201510198236A CN104761172A CN 104761172 A CN104761172 A CN 104761172A CN 201510198236 A CN201510198236 A CN 201510198236A CN 104761172 A CN104761172 A CN 104761172A
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Abstract
The invention provides a concrete efficient expending agent employing aluminum-containing industrial waste residues as well as a preparation method and an application of the concrete efficient expending agent. According to the concrete efficient expending agent employing the aluminum-containing industrial waste residues, the solubility of active Al2O3 in the aluminum-containing industrial waste residues is increased by employing multiple excitation effects of calcium oxide, gypsum, lithium slag and triethanolamine; and the obtained expending agent can generate two expending sources, namely calcium hydroxide and ettringite through hydration reaction. The expending agent has the characteristics of calcium oxide expending agents and calcium sulphoaluminate expending agents, and has relatively large restrained expansion rate, relatively high compression resistance and breaking strength.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of utilization containing the concrete high-efficiency expanding agent of aluminum i ndustry waste residue, its preparation method and application thereof.
Background technology
The hydration reaction of cement concrete due to self and the dehydration process of surrounding medium towards periphery, there is self-constriction, dry shrinkage and temperature drop and shrink, the contraction under constraint condition often causes concrete cracking and deterioration, causes accident resulting from poor quality of projects.How to adopt an effective measure and reduce even to eliminate various contraction, avoid cracking from source, be the problem that engineers makes great efforts to explore always.Engineering practice proves, adopt swelling agent preparation expansive concrete, utilize the expansion of swelling agent to offset or reduce the contraction of cement concrete, swelling agent is the ideal material improving cement concrete volume stability and splitting resistance.
The swelling agent that domestic market is sold is all that to belong to ettringite be the calcium sulphoaluminate class swelling agent in main expansion source mostly.Most domestic swelling agent manufacturer adopts gypsum to provide S0
3, by conversion solubility Al
2o
3source, formulate different production formulas.Published patent shows, can provide solubility Al
2o
3source starting material have, high aluminium cement clinker, sulphoaluminate cement clinker, alumina, kaolin, high alumina coal gangue, alunite, dickite etc.Because alumina, kaolin, high alumina coal gangue, alunite, dickite etc. are all non-renewable natural mineral, allowable exploitation is limited, and threatens to the natural resource of growing tension.In addition, a lot of manufacturer, in order to improve the expansion character of swelling agent, generally all takes to carry out high-temperature calcination to aluminum-containing minerals such as alumina, kaolin, high alumina coal gangue, alunite, dickites and improves Al
2o
3activity, production cost is generally higher.
Advocating today of Sustainable development, the efficiency utilization of Energy resources and environmental protection problem receive the concern of more and more people.Therefore, high added value ground utilizes and carrys out alternative non-renewable natural aluminum ore containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue, is conducive on the one hand saving producing resource needed for swelling agent and the energy, is conducive to protection of the environment, decreasing pollution on the other hand.
Flyash is one of maximum coal-fired byproduct of the current quantity discharged of China, mainly from taking coal dust as the power station of fuel and the fly-ash separator of concentrated supply of heating in the city boiler.Flyash, as a kind of industrial solid castoff, if process not in time or deal with improperly, a large amount of to be stacked in the environment, will land occupation, causes severe contamination, be detrimental to health to air, soil, water body etc.Therefore, how to dispose safely and effectively and utilize flyash to become environment and the social concern of urgent need solution.
At present, the comprehensive utilization of flyash is more and more subject to people's attention, and lay highway and soil backfill etc., but these application industries is all industries that added value is low, but fail to be developed fully to the high bauxite resource that flyash has as being used for by flyash.If can, in conjunction with the physics-chem characteristic of flyash, adopt reasonable manner effectively to utilize in flyash containing more Al
2o
3this feature, that so not only can improve flyash utilizes level, and can realize the high value added utilization of fly ash.
The Chinese patent literature of publication number CN101423355A discloses a kind of flyash that utilizes and does the method preparing cement expansive material containing al composition, in order to excite the active A l in flyash in this patent documentation
2o
3, add water hydratable after flyash need being mixed by a certain percentage with gypsum, lime, and under 400 ~ 900 DEG C of high temperature calcined dehydration, the complexity that this method makes swelling agent production process become, link is superfluous many, and prepares and too highly need energy consumption consumption, is unfavorable for energy-conserving and environment-protective.
The Chinese patent literature of publication number CN103626422A discloses a kind of method that cement expansive material prepared by flyash and fluorgypsum, and exciting by gypsum, makes the active A l in flyash
2o
3and CaSO
4reaction generates ettringite, produces sulplo-aluminate class cement expansive material.But, active A l in flyash
2o
3under the individual excitation effect of gypsum, solvable speed is limited, causes the expansion performance of this kind of swelling agent low, does not meet requirement high to swelling agent expansion performance in cement expansive material new national standard GB23439-2009.
The Chinese patent literature of publication number CN1603272A discloses a kind of method that industrial residue prepares swelling agent, is to adopt high-calcium fly ass, fluorgypsum and steel-making slag powder to be mixed in proportion grinding to make cement expansive material.It is low that this swelling agent has expansion performance equally, do not meet requirement high to swelling agent expansion performance in cement expansive material new national standard GB23439-2009.
The Chinese patent literature of publication number CN101759385A discloses a kind of powder coal ash expanding agent, is to adopt flyash, aluminosulfate cement, phosphogypsum, unslaked lime and alunite to be mixed in proportion to make cement expansive material.This swelling agent is mainly through the active A l in sulphate activation flyash
2o
3, the Al in flyash
2o
3utilization ratio is low, can only produce the swelling agent meeting the requirement of GB I type, can not produce the high-efficiency expanding agent meeting the requirement of GB II type.
Above-mentioned swelling agent all utilizes flyash to do containing al composition, excites active A l in flyash
2o
3mainly by the vitriol such as gypsum or aluminosulfate cement, ubiquity stimulation effect is poor, active A l
2o
3the problems such as stripping quantity is few, and expansion performance is low, therefore need to make improvements raising.
Summary of the invention
Based on utilizing considering of trade waste as far as possible, in the use procedure for current swelling agent, ubiquity stimulation effect is poor, active A l
2o
3the problems such as stripping quantity is few, and expansion performance is low, the invention provides a kind of utilization and contain concrete high-efficiency expanding agent of aluminum i ndustry waste residue and preparation method thereof.
Utilization of the present invention is utilize the multiple excitation of calcium oxide, gypsum, lithium slag and trolamine to increase containing active A l in aluminum i ndustry waste residue containing the concrete high-efficiency expanding agent of aluminum i ndustry waste residue
2o
3solubility, gained swelling agent can generate calcium hydroxide and ettringite two kinds of expansion sources by hydration reaction, and this swelling agent has the feature of calcium oxide and calcium sulphoaluminate class swelling agent concurrently, has larger limited expansion rate, higher resistance to compression and folding strength.
Utilization of the present invention is made up of five large components according to the following number of weight ratio containing the concrete high-efficiency expanding agent of aluminum i ndustry waste residue:
Described calcium oxide expansive clinker is commercially available, and its f-CaO content is not less than 60%;
Described gypsum select in anhydrite, dihydrate gypsum, phosphogypsum any one
The described aluminum i ndustry waste residue that contains selects one-level or second class powered coal ash;
Described lithium slag selects the waste residue produced in triphane Production By Sulfuric Acid Process Quilonum Retard process, and Li in described waste residue
2sO
4content is greater than 20%, Al
2o
3content is greater than 25%.；
Described trolamine is commercially available industrial goods.
In the concrete high-efficiency expanding agent of utilization of the present invention containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue: calcium oxide expansive clinker forms calcium hydroxide through hydration reaction; And the Ca that calcium oxide expansive clinker provides (OH)
2sO is provided with gypsum
3, and under the multiple excitation of alkali, vitriol, lithium salts and hydramine, with the active A l provided containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue
2o
3between react to each other, formed ettringite; To sum up, utilization of the present invention has calcium hydroxide and ettringite two kinds of expansion sources containing the concrete high-efficiency expanding agent of aluminum i ndustry waste residue, has the advantage of two kinds of expansion sources concurrently, has larger expansion performance.
Utilization of the present invention is mixed in concrete containing the concrete high-efficiency expanding agent of aluminum i ndustry waste residue, and the first hydration reaction of the calcium oxide expansive clinker in system generates Ca (OH)
2produce early expansion, and improve the basicity of liquid phase, in the presence of vitriol, lithium salts and hydramine, make containing active A l in aluminum i ndustry waste residue
2o
3stripping.At CaO-Al
2o
3-SO
3-H
2in O quaternary system, containing the active A l of stripping in aluminum i ndustry waste residue
2o
3with SO
4 2-with Ca (OH)
2reaction generates ettringite and produces middle and later periods expansion.
The present invention, by the optimization compound of calcium oxide and calcium sulphoaluminate two kinds of expansion components, has regulated and controled rate of expansion and the rate of expansion of swelling agent, and the early stage and middle and later periods contraction of effective compensation cement concrete, significantly improves volume stability and the splitting resistance of cement concrete.
The present invention opens the Al of another activity
2o
3source, namely excites acting in conjunction by the multiple of alkali, vitriol, lithium salts and trolamine in compound system, makes to resolve speed containing the glassy phase in aluminum i ndustry waste residue and accelerates, can provide the active A l participating in hydration reaction
2o
3, have a very big significance.
Utilization of the present invention is as follows containing the preparation method of the concrete high-efficiency expanding agent of aluminum i ndustry waste residue: by calcium oxide expansive clinker, gypsum, press to after certainty ratio mixing containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue, lithium slag, trolamine five kinds of components, intergrinding is to specific surface area 250 ~ 450m
2/ ㎏, homogenizing, becomes finished product.
Concrete preparation technology's flow process of described swelling agent is: by calcium oxide expansive clinker, gypsum, containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue, lithium slag and trolamine five kinds of starting material leave in different raw material stores respectively, according to ratio requirement, after utilizing microsystem automatic gauge to prepare burden, to be transported in milling equipment after crushing and grinding to regulation fineness, be transported to stockyard to store, in order to ensure the stability of quality product, finished product swelling agent in stockyard is transported to homogenizing storehouse and carries out homogenizing process, and factory inspection is carried out to the extender product after homogenizing storehouse homogenizing, after product after the assay was approved packs, can transport and dispatch from the factory.
Utilization of the present invention is containing the application method of the concrete high-efficiency expanding agent of aluminum i ndustry waste residue: during for concrete, can determine its volume by those of ordinary skill in the art according to requirement of engineering, preferred volume is etc. that quality replaces 6 ~ 12% of gelling material total mass.
Compared with prior art, utilization of the present invention adopts containing the concrete high-efficiency expanding agent of aluminum i ndustry waste residue the natural aluminum ore replacing alumina, alunite, kaolin, dickite etc. non-renewable containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue, by the multiple excitation of calcium oxide expansive clinker, gypsum, lithium slag and trolamine in system, improve containing Al in aluminum i ndustry waste residue
2o
3activity, increase the expansion performance of swelling agent in concrete; Achieve the utilization containing bauxite resource high added value in aluminum i ndustry waste residue simultaneously, save a large amount of natural mineral resources on the one hand, turn waste into wealth on the other hand, reduce products production cost, improve product competitiveness in the market.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the preparation technology schema of utilization of the present invention containing the concrete high-efficiency expanding agent of aluminum i ndustry waste residue.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the technical characteristic that a kind of utilization of the present invention prepares the method for concrete high-efficiency expanding agent containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue is further elaborated.
Calcium oxide expansive clinker can adopt f-CaO content to be greater than the commercially available prod of 60%, as the calcium oxide expansive clinker of Jiangsu Botexin Materials Co., Ltd;
Gypsum can adopt in anhydrite or dihydrate gypsum or phosphogypsum any one;
Any one in first level flour coal ash or second class powered coal ash can be adopted containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue;
Lithium slag can adopt the waste residue produced in triphane Production By Sulfuric Acid Process Quilonum Retard process;
Trolamine can adopt commercially available industrial goods.
Embodiment one:
Get calcium oxide expansive clinker 10, dihydrate gypsum 20, first level flour coal ash 50, lithium slag 19.5, trolamine 0.5 by ratio of weight and the number of copies, said components is utilized by homogenizing after Fig. 1 technical process combined grinding i.e. obtained the present invention's one and prepares concrete high-efficiency expanding agent HME-1 containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue.
Adopt the reference cement that specifies of GB8076, swelling agent obtained by the present invention mixing 10%% in cement, detect according to the regulation of GB23439-2009 " cement expansive material ", its physicals is in table 1.
Table 1
Embodiment two:
Get calcium oxide expansive clinker 15, phosphogypsum 18, first level flour coal ash 51.2, lithium slag 15, trolamine 0.8 by ratio of weight and the number of copies, said components is utilized by homogenizing after Fig. 1 technical process combined grinding i.e. obtained the present invention's one and prepares concrete high-efficiency expanding agent HME-2 containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue.
Adopt the reference cement that specifies of GB8076, swelling agent obtained by the present invention mixing 10% in cement, detect according to the regulation of GB23439-2009 " cement expansive material ", its physicals is in table 2.
Table 2
Embodiment three:
Get calcium oxide expansive clinker 19, dihydrate gypsum 20, second class powered coal ash 40, lithium slag 20, trolamine 1.0 by ratio of weight and the number of copies, said components is utilized by homogenizing after Fig. 1 technical process combined grinding i.e. obtained the present invention's one and prepares concrete high-efficiency expanding agent HME-3 containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue.
Adopt the reference cement that specifies of GB8076, swelling agent obtained by the present invention mixing 10% in cement, detect according to the regulation of GB23439-2009 " cement expansive material ", its physicals is in table 3.
Table 3
Embodiment four:
Get calcium oxide expansive clinker 18, anhydrite 10, first level flour coal ash 60, lithium slag 11, trolamine 1.0 by ratio of weight and the number of copies, said components is utilized by homogenizing after Fig. 1 technical process combined grinding i.e. obtained the present invention's one and prepares concrete high-efficiency expanding agent HME-4 containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue.
Adopt the reference cement that specifies of GB8076, swelling agent obtained by the present invention mixing 10% in cement, detect according to the regulation of GB23439-2009 " cement expansive material ", its physicals is in table 4.
Table 4
Embodiment five:
Get calcium oxide expansive clinker 30, anhydrite 10, first level flour coal ash 49.4, lithium slag 10, trolamine 0.6 by ratio of weight and the number of copies, said components is utilized by homogenizing after Fig. 1 technical process combined grinding i.e. obtained the present invention's one and prepares concrete high-efficiency expanding agent HME-5 containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue.
Adopt the reference cement that specifies of GB8076, swelling agent obtained by the present invention mixing 10% in cement, detect according to the regulation of GB23439-2009 " cement expansive material ", its physicals is in table 5.
Table 5
Embodiment six:
Get calcium oxide expansive clinker 30, dihydrate gypsum 20, second class powered coal ash 30, lithium slag 19, trolamine 1.0 by ratio of weight and the number of copies, said components is utilized by homogenizing after Fig. 1 technical process combined grinding i.e. obtained the present invention's one and prepares concrete high-efficiency expanding agent HME-6 containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue.
Adopt the reference cement that specifies of GB8076, swelling agent obtained by the present invention mixing 10% in cement, detect according to the regulation of GB23439-2009 " cement expansive material ", its physicals is in table 6.
Table 6
Embodiment seven:
Get calcium oxide expansive clinker 25, phosphogypsum 15, second class powered coal ash 44.5, lithium slag 15, trolamine 0.5 by ratio of weight and the number of copies, said components is utilized by homogenizing after Fig. 1 technical process combined grinding i.e. obtained the present invention's one and prepares concrete high-efficiency expanding agent HME-7 containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue.
Adopt the reference cement that specifies of GB8076, swelling agent obtained by the present invention mixing 10% in cement, detect according to the regulation of GB23439-2009 " cement expansive material ", its physicals is in table 7.
Table 7
Embodiment eight:
Get calcium oxide expansive clinker 30, phosphogypsum 15, second class powered coal ash 35, lithium slag 19.5, trolamine 0.5 by ratio of weight and the number of copies, said components is utilized by homogenizing after Fig. 1 technical process combined grinding i.e. obtained the present invention's one and prepares concrete high-efficiency expanding agent HME-8 containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue.
Adopt the reference cement that specifies of GB8076, swelling agent obtained by the present invention mixing 10% in cement, detect according to the regulation of GB23439-2009 " cement expansive material ", its physicals is in table 8.
Table 8
Embodiment nine:
Get calcium oxide expansive clinker 20, dihydrate gypsum 19, second class powered coal ash 45, lithium slag 15, trolamine 1.0 by ratio of weight and the number of copies, said components is utilized by homogenizing after Fig. 1 technical process combined grinding i.e. obtained the present invention's one and prepares concrete high-efficiency expanding agent HME-9 containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue.
Adopt the reference cement that specifies of GB8076, swelling agent obtained by the present invention mixing 10% in cement, detect according to the regulation of GB23439-2009 " cement expansive material ", its physicals is in table 9.
Table 9
Embodiment ten:
Get calcium oxide expansive clinker 10, phosphogypsum 17.1, first level flour coal ash 55, lithium slag 17.1, trolamine 0.8 by ratio of weight and the number of copies, said components is utilized by homogenizing after Fig. 1 technical process combined grinding i.e. obtained the present invention's one and prepares concrete high-efficiency expanding agent HME-10 containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue.
Adopt the reference cement that specifies of GB8076, swelling agent obtained by the present invention mixing 10% in cement, detect according to the regulation of GB23439-2009 " cement expansive material ", its physicals is in table 10.
Table 10
Comparative example 1: the swelling agent comparative example 1 of the concrete steps gained according to the embodiment 1 of CN101423355A.
Comparative example 2: the swelling agent comparative example 2 of the concrete steps gained according to the embodiment 1 of CN103626422A.
Comparative example 3: with reference to swelling agent composite-making process provided by the invention, by ratio of weight and the number of copies, obtains swelling agent comparative example 3 by 20 parts of calcium oxide expansive clinkers, 20 parts of dihydrate gypsums and 60 parts of first level flour coal ash compounds.
Comparative example 4: with reference to swelling agent composite-making process provided by the invention, by ratio of weight and the number of copies, obtains swelling agent comparative example 4 by the trolamine compound of 19.5 parts of calcium oxide expansive clinkers, 20 parts of dihydrate gypsums, 60 parts of first level flour coal ash and 0.5 part.。
Comparative example 5: with reference to swelling agent composite-making process provided by the invention, by ratio of weight and the number of copies, obtains swelling agent comparative example 5 by the lithium slag compound of 10.5 parts of calcium oxide expansive clinkers, 20 parts of dihydrate gypsums, 60 parts of first level flour coal ash and 19.5 parts.
Adopt the reference cement that specifies of GB8076, swelling agent obtained by five kinds of comparative examples of mixing 10% in cement, detect according to the regulation of GB23439-2009 " cement expansive material ", its effect is in table 11:
Table 11
Visible, the limited expansion rate of the swelling agent comparative example 2 of the swelling agent comparative example 1 of the concrete steps gained according to the embodiment 1 of CN101423355A and the concrete steps gained according to the embodiment 1 of CN103626422A is less, GB GB23439-2009 I type index request can only be met, GB GB23439-2009 II type index request can not be met, be difficult to adapt to modern concrete to the service requirements of high-efficiency expanding agent.And by lacking swelling agent comparative example 3. that the present invention's Four composition and BSA obtain, lack swelling agent comparative example 4 that the present invention's Four composition obtains and lack the obtained swelling agent comparative example 5 of BSA of the present invention, although significantly improve the volume of calcium oxide expansive clinker in mixing formula, but its confined expansion agent is only a little more than comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, GB GB23439-2009 I type index request can only be met, GB GB23439-2009 II type index request can not be met.As fully visible, the present invention possesses skills obviously advanced.
Claims (4)
1. utilize the concrete high-efficiency expanding agent containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue, it is characterized in that, described utilization is made up of five large components according to the following number of weight ratio containing the concrete high-efficiency expanding agent of aluminum i ndustry waste residue:
First component is calcium oxide expansive clinker 10 ~ 30;
Second component is gypsum 10 ~ 20;
Three components is containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue 30 ~ 60;
Four composition is lithium slag 10 ~ 20;
BSA is trolamine 0.5 ~ 1.0;
Described calcium oxide expansive clinker is commercially available, and its f-CaO content is not less than 60%;
Described gypsum select in anhydrite, dihydrate gypsum, phosphogypsum any one
The described aluminum i ndustry waste residue that contains selects one-level or second class powered coal ash;
Described lithium slag selects the waste residue produced in triphane Production By Sulfuric Acid Process Quilonum Retard process, and Li in described waste residue
2sO
4content is greater than 20%, Al
2o
3content is greater than 25%;
Described trolamine is commercially available industrial goods.
2. utilization according to claim 1 is containing the preparation method of the concrete high-efficiency expanding agent of aluminum i ndustry waste residue, it is characterized in that, by calcium oxide expansive clinker, gypsum, press to after certainty ratio mixing containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue, lithium slag, trolamine five kinds of components, intergrinding is to specific surface area 250 ~ 450m
2/ ㎏, homogenizing, becomes finished product.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, its concrete preparation technology's flow process is: by calcium oxide expansive clinker, gypsum, containing aluminum i ndustry waste residue, lithium slag and trolamine five kinds of starting material leave in different starting material stills respectively, according to ratio requirement, after utilizing microsystem automatic gauge to prepare burden, to be transported in milling equipment after crushing and grinding to regulation fineness, be transported to stockyard to store, in order to ensure the stability of quality product, finished product swelling agent in stockyard is transported to homogenizing storehouse and carries out homogenizing process, and factory inspection is carried out to the extender product after homogenizing storehouse homogenizing, after product after the assay was approved packs, can transport and dispatch from the factory.
4. utilization according to claim 1 is containing the application method of concrete high-efficiency expanding agent of aluminum i ndustry waste residue, it is characterized in that, during for concrete, its volume is etc. that quality replaces 6 ~ 12% of gelling material total mass.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105130271A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-12-09 | 王嘉文 | Composite concrete expansive agent |
| CN106746843A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-05-31 | 北京蓝天飞跃科技有限公司 | A kind of cement grinding aid with micro-expansibility and preparation method thereof |
| CN111892350A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-11-06 | 大连大学 | Method for improving flexural strength of cement mortar and concrete |
| CN114436562A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-05-06 | 许为明 | Concrete expanding agent and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103964722A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-08-06 | 苏州市市政工程设计院有限责任公司 | Chemical admixture capable of improving effectiveness of concrete expanding agent under restrictive condition |
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| CN103964722A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-08-06 | 苏州市市政工程设计院有限责任公司 | Chemical admixture capable of improving effectiveness of concrete expanding agent under restrictive condition |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105130271A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-12-09 | 王嘉文 | Composite concrete expansive agent |
| CN106746843A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-05-31 | 北京蓝天飞跃科技有限公司 | A kind of cement grinding aid with micro-expansibility and preparation method thereof |
| CN111892350A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-11-06 | 大连大学 | Method for improving flexural strength of cement mortar and concrete |
| CN111892350B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-04-15 | 大连大学 | Method for improving flexural strength of cement mortar and concrete |
| CN114436562A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-05-06 | 许为明 | Concrete expanding agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN114436562B (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2024-04-16 | 四川高瓴实业有限公司 | Storage method of concrete expanding agent |
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|---|---|
| CN104761172B (en) | 2017-10-10 |
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