CN104753420B - The AC frequency conversion sensing brushless excitation system of synchronous motor - Google Patents
The AC frequency conversion sensing brushless excitation system of synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN104753420B CN104753420B CN201310735274.0A CN201310735274A CN104753420B CN 104753420 B CN104753420 B CN 104753420B CN 201310735274 A CN201310735274 A CN 201310735274A CN 104753420 B CN104753420 B CN 104753420B
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Abstract
A kind of AC frequency conversion sensing brushless excitation system of synchronous motor, including variable frequency excitation controller（1）, alternating current impression exciter（2）And rotating rectifier（3）.Variable frequency excitation controller（1）The alternating current of power supply is converted into frequency and the adjustable alternating current of amplitude is supplied to the stator of alternating current impression exciter to sense winding（4）；Rotating rectifier（3）The rotor of alternating current impression exciter is sensed into winding（5）Sensing alternating voltage be transformed into Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection of the direct current to synchronous motor（6）Power supply；So as to realize the brushless excitation of synchronous motor and its control.Compared with prior art, the AC frequency conversion sensing brushless excitation system of the present invention can export enough exciting powers under the conditions of any running speed, and rotor current, position, the detection of rotating speed and the starting of power frequency synchronous motor can be realized by brushless excitation system, the brushless excitation of synchronous motor is can be widely used for, is especially adapted for use in the brushless excitation of synchronous motor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of brushless excitation system of synchronous motor.
Background technology
Brushless synchronous machine typically provides field power supply using AC exciter, and main synchronous electricity is realized by rotating rectifier
The brushless excitation of machine.AC exciter is substantially the synchronous generator of an armature rotation, and the exciting power that it is exported is by motor
Rotating speed limits, and power density is not high, and volume is larger；And in the control of brushless excitation, AC exciter is an inertial element,
It has impact on the dynamic property of excitation con-trol.The dynamic property of excitation system can be improved using rotary steerable rectifier, but is caused
Rotor circuit is complicated, and reliability reduces.Brushless excitation system there is problems in addition to it above mentioned problem be present：First, become
Frequency Adjustable Speed Synchronous Motor, including the mixed exciting synchronization motor with permanent magnetism magnetic pole, are required for encouraging in any running speed
Magnetic, but the exciting power of AC exciter harmonic excitation output all reduces with the reduction of rotating speed, the excitation exported during low speed
Power is substantially insufficient, does not have exciting power output when especially rotating speed is zero；Second, power frequency synchronous motor needs to solve to start
The problem of being encouraged with throwing, brushless excitation system must increase starting resistance on rotor and controllable silicon is thrown and encourages device automatically so that turn
Sub-circuit is complicated, and reliability reduces, and electric current is big during synchronous motor asynchronous starting, can produce impact to power network.3rd, at present
Brushless excitation system operation when, it is necessary to increase rotor excitation current, position and velocity sensor, could realize that frequency control is same
Walk the detection and control and the fault detect of rotor windings and protection of motor brushless excitation.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of AC frequency conversion sensing brushless excitation system
System, can be widely used for the brushless excitation of synchronous motor, is especially adapted for use in the brushless excitation of synchronous motor.
The AC frequency conversion of the present invention senses brushless excitation system by alternating current impression exciter, variable frequency excitation controller and rotation
Rectifier forms.Stator sensing winding is separately installed with the groove of stator core and the rotor core of alternating current impression exciter and is turned
Son sensing winding；Rotating rectifier is arranged in rotating shaft, and the sensing alternating voltage that rotor is sensed to winding is transformed into direct current, Xiang Tong
Walk the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection power supply of motor；The power supply of variable frequency excitation controller is derived from external power source, also may be derived from permanent-magnet magnetic
The synchronous motor armature winding of pole.During motor operation, variable frequency excitation controller by the alternating current of power supply be converted into frequency and
The adjustable alternating current of amplitude is supplied to stator to sense winding, realizes the brushless excitation and and its control of synchronous motor.
The present invention alternating current impression exciter stator sensing winding using it is single-phase when, rotor sensing winding using multiphase around
Group；When stator sensing winding uses multiphase, rotor sensing winding can use polyphase windings, can also use single-phase winding；For
Simplified winding and the inverter and rectifier being attached thereto, the alternating current impression winding of multiphase are generally three-phase windings.
The major loop of the variable frequency excitation controller of the present invention includes rectification circuit and inverter circuit, and rectification circuit can use
It is single-phase, three-phase can also be used, its output voltage can be uncontrollable or controllable.The number of phases of inverter circuit with
The stator sensing winding of alternating current impression exciter is identical, typically uses pulse width modulation frequency changing inverter circuit, can be by inverter circuit
Output voltage frequency fix, only control the size of the output voltage of inverter circuit, it is fixed to be adjusted by inverter circuit
The size and frequency of son sensing winding voltage, can be such that alternating current impression excitation is exported under the conditions of any running speed enough
Exciting power.In addition, the power frequency for sensing winding by improving stator and running, can not only reduce alternating current impression exciter
Volume, and the correlation of stator and rotor sensing winding current can be improved, so as to improve the Detection ＆ Controling of excitation system
Performance.
The control loop of the variable frequency excitation controller of the present invention has stator magnetic linkage and rotor current observer.Its observation side
Method is：The detected value of winding voltage and electric current is sensed according to stator, the magnetic linkage of stator sensing winding, Ran Hougen are obtained by integration
According to the flux linkage equations of stator, winding magnetic linkage is sensed by stator and electric current obtains rotor sensing winding current, then by wave filter by
The amplitude of rotor sensing winding current tries to achieve the current value of Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection.Stator magnetic linkage and rotor current observer can be used for excitation
System rotor failure of the current detects and protection.
When stator sensing winding uses polyphase windings, control loop can be observed by stator magnetic linkage and rotor current
Device, the vector control method of field orientation is used to rotating excitation field caused by stator sensing winding, improve the dynamic of excitation con-trol
Performance, meet the requirement of the exciting current closed-loop control of frequency-conversion and speed-regulation motor.When stator sensing winding using polyphase windings and
When rotor sensing winding uses single-phase winding, it is angle of rotor that rotor, which senses winding current in the instantaneous value of stator orthogonal coordinates,
Sine and cosine functions.Control loop can sense the relation of winding current and rotor-position according to rotor, detect rotor
Position and rotating speed.The observation procedure of rotor-position and speed observer has two kinds：The first is that rotor sensing winding current exists
Two instantaneous values of stator orthogonal coordinates are divided by, and the corner of rotor-position are tried to achieve by arctan function, then obtain by differential
The rotating speed of rotor；Be for second by rotor sensing winding current stator orthogonal coordinates instantaneous value respectively with observer output angle
The sin cos functionses of degree are multiplied, and then try to achieve the corner of rotor-position and turning for rotor by closed-loop process according to both differences
Speed.
When stator senses winding and rotor sensing winding all uses polyphase windings, excitation system has substantially constituted one
Induction motor variable frequency speed regulation system, control loop is by stator magnetic linkage and rotor current observer, to stator sensing winding production
Raw rotating excitation field uses the vector control method of field orientation, the excitation electricity that can not only control alternating current impression exciter to export
Stream, and the electromagnetic torque that alternating current impression exciter can be controlled to export, so as to meet power frequency synchronous motor excitation control simultaneously
System and the requirement started, eliminate the starting device of synchronous motor and device are encouraged in throwing, and electric current is small during electric motor starting, will not be right
Power network produces impact.Variable frequency excitation controller uses different control strategies in the different operation phase of power frequency synchronous motor.
In starting process, the electromagnetic torque of alternating current impression exciter can be controlled to keep maximum synchronous motor is started as early as possible；
During close to synchronous rotational speed, by the voltage for controlling Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection electric current to make synchronous motor armature winding voltage close to power network, so
Afterwards according to the phase difference of voltage, synchronous motor is put into operation using plesiochronous input method；After putting into operation, then according to electricity
The load of motivation operation and power factor etc. are required, the exciting current of synchronous motor is controlled.
Compared with prior art, alternating current impression brushless excitation system of the invention has following features：
1. excitation system has good dynamic property, under any speed conditions, enough excitation work(can be exported
Rate, meet the requirement of the brushless excitation of frequency control synchronous motor；
2. alternating current impression exciter is used for brushless excitation, compared with existing AC exciter, power density and material
Utilization rate is greatly improved, and volume is obviously reduced；
3. excitation controller can detect winding current, position and the speed of rotor in real time, corresponding sensing is eliminated
Device, improve control and the error protection performance of excitation system；
4. stator and rotor all use the alternating current impression brushless excitation system of polyphase induction winding, synchronization can be both realized
The brushless excitation and its control of motor, the starting and its control of synchronous motor can be realized again, is solved well brushless
The starting of the power frequency synchronous motor of excitation, throwing is encouraged and system excitation control problem.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 are the schematic diagrams of AC frequency conversion sensing brushless excitation system；
Fig. 2 are the structural representations of alternating current impression exciter；
Label title in Fig. 1,2：1st, variable frequency excitation controller；2nd, alternating current impression exciter；3rd, rotating rectifier；4th, it is fixed
Son sensing winding；5th, rotor sensing winding；6th, Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection；7th, stator core；8th, rotor core；9th, rotating shaft；
Fig. 3 are the major loop schematic diagrams of single-phase variable frequency excitation controller；
Fig. 4 are the major loop schematic diagrams of three phase variable frequency excitation controller；
Fig. 5 are the schematic diagrams that stator sensing winding is single-phase magnetic linkage and rotor current observer；
Fig. 6 are that stator sensing winding is the magnetic linkage of three-phase and the schematic diagram of rotor current observer；
Fig. 7 are the schematic diagrams that rotor sensing winding is single-phase rotor-position observer；
Fig. 8 are principle of vector control figure of the stator sensing winding for the excitation system of three-phase.
Embodiment
The AC frequency conversion sensing brushless excitation system of the present invention is made furtherly with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
It is bright：
From Fig. 1,2, AC frequency conversion of the invention senses brushless excitation system by variable frequency excitation controller（1）, exchange
Induction exciter（2）, rotating rectifier（3）Composition.Alternating current impression exciter（2）Stator sensing winding（4）Group and rotor sense
Should be around（5）Using three-phase windings, the stator core of alternating current impression exciter is separately mounted to（7）And rotor core（8）'s
In groove；Variable frequency excitation controller（1）Sense winding with stator（4）It is connected, the exchange of power supply is transformed into frequency and width
It is worth adjustable alternating current and senses winding to stator（4）Power supply；Rotating rectifier（3）Installed in rotating shaft（9）On, with rotor sensing around
Group（5）And Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection（6）It is connected, rotor is sensed into winding（5）Induced voltage rectification after to Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection（6）Power supply；From
And realize the brushless excitation and its control of synchronous motor.
The alternating current impression exciter operation principle and design feature of the present invention is presented below：First, when stator senses winding
Using it is single-phase when, the output voltage of inverter circuit can produce arteries and veins shake air-gap field in exciter so that rotor senses winding
Induced voltage amplitude with rotor rotation position generating period change.In order to ensure that rotating rectifier has stable direct current
Output, rotor windings can only use polyphase windings.When stator sensing winding uses multiphase, the output voltage of inverter circuit can be with
The air-gap field of rotation is produced in exciter so that the position of induced voltage amplitude and the rotor rotation of rotor sensing winding without
Close, thus rotor sensing winding can use polyphase windings, can also use single-phase winding.Second because stator and rotor around
The size of voltage of group is directly proportional to the size of air-gap field and rotating speed, it is possible to by adjusting the size of air-gap field and turning
Speed controls exciting current.If the rotating speed of air-gap field keeps constant, the output voltage frequency of inverter circuit must be consolidated
It is fixed, only control the size of the output voltage of inverter circuit to control the size of air-gap field.If the size of air-gap field is protected
Hold it is constant, then must by inverter circuit adjust stator sense winding voltage size and frequency come control air-gap field turn
Speed.3rd because the frequency of the rotating speed of air-gap field and stator sensing winding voltage is directly proportional, with sense the number of pole-pairs of winding into
Inverse ratio, it is possible to improve exciter power density and stock utilization by putting forward high-tension frequency and reducing number of pole-pairs.
For example, if the number of pole-pairs that alternating current impression exciter uses is the 1/2 of main synchronous motor, stator running frequency is 400HZ, and its is anti-
The rotary speed relative to rotor of the air-gap field turned is by for the 17 of Rated motor rotating speed times, so that the volume of exciter
It is substantially reduced.Because arteries and veins shake air-gap field can be decomposed into two and turn to opposite rotating excitation field, the above-mentioned doctrine that everything has two aspects is stated still suitable
For the exciter using single-phase stator sensing winding.4th, although can be encouraged by improving the rotating speed of air-gap field to improve
The electromagnetic power of magnetomechanical, but the electromagnetic torque of exciter can not be improved.In order to improve the exchange for synchronous motor starting
Induction exciter electromagnetic torque, the size of alternating current impression exciter is suitable with existing AC exciter or suitably increases.Excitation
Machine stator external diameter unshakable in one's determination can be identical with synchronous motor, and axial length can determine according to required starting torque.So, encourage
The axial length of magnetomechanical will be significantly less than external diameter, it is necessary to still higher using more number of pole-pairs, the close working frequency of magnetic unshakable in one's determination.
5th, alternating current impression exciter of the invention essence be exactly a motor, its structure is identical with common electric machine, simply stator with turn
The field frequency of son operation is all higher, so electromagnetism, machinery and heat dissipation design can use existing design of electrical motor method.Mesh
The iron loss frequency characteristic for the ferromagnetic material 0.35mm silicon steel sheets that preceding mid-frequency motor uses shows, the close working frequency of electric machine iron core magnetic
Can be 400HZ, its iron loss still conforms to the requirement of electric efficiency.Therefore, alternating current impression exciter can use better performances
0.35mm silicon steel sheets.
From Fig. 3 and 4, the major loop of variable frequency excitation controller includes rectification circuit and inverter circuit.Fig. 3 gives list
Phase inverter circuit, sense winding for single-phase stator.Fig. 4 gives three-phase pulse width modulated inverter circuit, for threephase stator sense
Answer winding.Single-phase full-controlled rectifier bridge is employed in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 employs triphase uncontrollable rectification circuit, but can also use half control
Other regulating circuits such as bridge or DC pulse width pressure regulation.The control loop of variable frequency excitation controller mainly includes detection circuit, control
Circuit and drive circuit.Detection circuit can detect the armature winding of motor and the voltage and current of stator sensing winding；Control
Circuit can be controlled according to control instruction and detection signal by drive circuit to major loop.
As shown in Figure 5, when stator sensing winding is single-phase, magnetic linkage and rotor current observer sense winding to stator
Voltage and current is integrated and related operation, it is possible to obtains sensing the rotor current vector in winding axis direction in stator
Instantaneous value ir.It will be appreciated from fig. 6 that the voltage and current that magnetic linkage and rotor current observer sense threephase stator winding carries out coordinate
Conversion, then pass through integration and related operation, it is possible to obtain stator α, β coordinate stator magnetic linkage and rotor current it is instantaneous
Value ψα、ψβ、irα、irβAnd the amplitude of flux linkage vector and current phasor and orientation angle ψs、ir、θ、γ.As shown in Figure 5, it is synchronous
The electric current i of motor excitation windingfCan be by the amplitude i of rotor winding current vectorrTried to achieve by wave filter, detect exciting current
Coefficient k can by experiment be calibrated, to improve accuracy of detection.When rotor sensing winding is single-phase, its rotor windings
The orientation angle θ of current phasor is the position angle of rotor.Another method such as Fig. 7 of the rotor-position detection of synchronous motor
It is shown：Rotor is sensed winding current and exported respectively with angle measuring system in the instantaneous value of stator orthogonal coordinates by rotor-position observer
The sine and cosine of angle is multiplied, and then carries out closed-loop process to both differences, is allowed to be zero rapidly, the angle φ of output is rotor
Position angle, can be in the hope of the rotating speed of synchronous motor after differential.In figure, RS、LS、LrThe respectively stator winding electricity of exciter
Resistance, self-induction and the mutual inductance with rotor windings.
When inverter circuit and stator sensing winding use multiphase, control loop can be observed by magnetic linkage and rotor current
Device, the vector control method of field orientation is used to rotating excitation field caused by stator sensing winding, exciting current is controlled,
Improve the dynamic property of excitation con-trol.Fig. 8 gives principle of vector control figure of the stator sensing winding for the excitation system of three-phase.
D axles are stator magnetic linkage direction in figure, and the stator magnetic linkage of q axles is zero, are stator magnetic linkage ψsDirection of rotation, and torque current side
To.Electromagnetic torque is the product of d axles stator magnetic linkage and q shaft torque electric currents, and the exciting current of synchronous motor depends primarily on q axles and turned
Square electric current.During the vector controlled of exciting current, if stator magnetic linkage ψsSize keep it is constant, then can pass through regulation
The rotary speed ω of stator magnetic linkage controls exciting current；If the rotary speed ω of stator magnetic linkage keeps constant, can lead to
Overregulate stator magnetic linkage ψsSize control exciting current., can be in difference for the excitation con-trol of power frequency synchronous motor
Operation phase uses different control strategies.In power frequency Synchronous Motor Starting, excitation controller can control exchange
Sense the stator magnetic linkage of winding and torque current all keeps the maximum of permission, motor is obtained larger starting torque.Work as work
When the rotating speed of frequency synchronous motor is risen to close to synchronous rotational speed, excitation is adjusted by controlling the rotary speed ω of stator magnetic linkage
Winding current, approach the voltage of synchronous motor armature winding voltage and power supply grid；By controlling stator magnetic linkage ψsIt is big
It is small to control electromagnetic torque, the rotating speed of synchronous motor is maintained synchronous rotational speed；Then according to armature winding voltage and power supply
The phase difference of the voltage of power network, synchronous motor is put into power supply electricity according to synchronous generator grid-connected plesiochronous input method
Net.After power frequency synchronous motor puts into power network, then required according to the load of motor running and power factor etc., to synchronous electricity
The exciting current of motivation is controlled.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. AC frequency conversion sensing brushless excitation system of synchronous motor, it is characterised in that：The system includes variable frequency excitation control Device processed（1）With with the coaxial mounted alternating current impression exciter of synchronous motor（2）And rotating rectifier（3）, wherein, alternating current impression is encouraged Magnetomechanical（2）Including sensing winding by stator（4）, stator core（7）Stator and rotor the sensing winding of composition（5）, rotor core （8）The rotor of composition；Variable frequency excitation controller（1）The alternating current of power supply is converted into frequency and the adjustable alternating current of amplitude It is supplied to stator to sense winding（4）, rotating rectifier（3）Rotor is sensed into winding（5）Sensing alternating voltage be transformed into direct current To the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection of synchronous motor（6）Power supply, so as to realize the brushless excitation of synchronous motor and its control；When described alternating current impression exciter stator sensing winding uses single-phase winding, rotor sensing winding uses polyphase windings； When stator sensing winding uses polyphase windings, rotor sensing winding uses polyphase windings or single-phase winding；The major loop of described variable frequency excitation controller includes rectification circuit and inverter circuit, and rectification circuit is using single-phase or three Phase, the DC voltage of output is uncontrollable or controllable；The number of phases of inverter circuit is identical with stator sensing winding；The control loop of described variable frequency excitation controller has stator magnetic linkage and rotor current observer, by detecting stator sense Winding voltage and electric current are answered, is integrated and correlation computations, stator sensing winding magnetic linkage, rotor sensing winding electricity can be detected Stream and Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection electric current.
- 2. AC frequency conversion according to claim 1 senses brushless excitation system, it is characterised in that：Described stator sensing around When group uses single-phase winding using polyphase windings and rotor sensing winding, the control loop of variable frequency excitation controller can be by fixed Sub- magnetic linkage and rotor current observer, is controlled using the vector control method of field orientation to exciting current, and according to turn The relation of son sensing winding current and rotor-position, detect position and the rotating speed of rotor.
- 3. AC frequency conversion according to claim 1 senses brushless excitation system, it is characterised in that：Described stator and rotor When sensing winding all uses polyphase windings, the control loop of variable frequency excitation controller can be observed by magnetic linkage and rotor current Device, using the vector control method of field orientation, the electromagnetic torque and exciting current of excitation system output are controlled, by work Frequency synchronous motor is pulled in after rotating speed, and power supply grid is put into using quasi-synchronizing method.
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| CN201310735274.0A CN104753420B (en) | 2013-12-28 | 2013-12-28 | The AC frequency conversion sensing brushless excitation system of synchronous motor |
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| CN201310735274.0A CN104753420B (en) | 2013-12-28 | 2013-12-28 | The AC frequency conversion sensing brushless excitation system of synchronous motor |
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| CN104753420B true CN104753420B (en) | 2018-03-20 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP3312988B1 (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2020-12-02 | ABB Schweiz AG | A method for detecting a fault in an electrical machine |
| US10498273B2 (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2019-12-03 | The Boeing Company | Externally modulated independent speed variable frequency generator |
| CN112968634B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-10-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Synchronous motor excitation system |
| CN112838795B (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-08-23 | 上海能传电气有限公司 | AC brushless excitation synchronous motor rapid braking method and system adopted by same |
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| CN103208893A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-07-17 | 南京航空航天大学 | Induction excitation type mixed excitation brushless synchronous motor |
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