CN104749653A - Method for exploring gas enrichment area of underground coal seam based on multi-spectrum electromagnetic wave - Google Patents
Method for exploring gas enrichment area of underground coal seam based on multi-spectrum electromagnetic wave Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for exploring gas enrichment area of underground coal seam based on multi-spectrum electromagnetic wave. The method comprises the steps of 1) acquiring a short wave infrared waveband remote sensing image of a proposed exploring area, and determining abnormal hydrocarbon substrate distribution area on the earth surface of the exploring area according to the remote sensing image; 2) acquiring a near infrared waveband remote sensing image of the exploring area, and determining a clay altered mineral distribution area on the earth surface of the exploring area according to the remote sensing image; 3) acquiring a visible light-near infrared waveband remote sensing image of the exploring area, and determining an iron-containing mineral distribution area on the earth surface of the exploring area according to the remote sensing image; 4) determining the potential gas enrichment area in the coal seam at the exploring area according to the abnormal hydrocarbon substrate distribution area, the altered mineral distribution area and the iron-containing mineral distribution area; 5) performing ultralow-frequency electromagnetic detection for the potential gas enrichment area in the coal seam to obtain ultralow frequency detecting data, and determining the target gas exploring area in the coal seam. The method is small in time consumption and cost, and can widely and comprehensively extract and analysis the coal seam gas information.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to unconventional energy resource CBM Exploration technical field, particularly relate to and a kind ofly fully utilize that multispectral section of electromagnetic wave information is comprehensive from earth's surface to underground carries out the method for reconnoitring Enriching Coalbed Methane district.
Background technology
Coal-seam gas refers to and coal association, is mainly stored in the rock gas in coal seam with adsorbed state, and its composition more than 70% is methane, and it is a kind of efficient, clean unconventional energy resource.In China, coal bed gas resource enriches, and show according to coal bed gas resource statistics: from earth's surface within the scope of the buried depth of 2000m, the methane resource in coal seam is 30 × 10
12-35 × 10
12m
3, rich reserves is the very important unconventional energy resource of China, has wide to reconnoitre potential and outlook.Coal-seam gas reconnoitre the safety in production that not only effectively can realize colliery, also contribute to reducing the discharge of greenhouse gases, have positive meaning for production and construction and environment sustainable development.Because coal petrography is the reservoir of coal-seam gas and angry source rock, the feature of coal seam reservoirs determines CBM Exploration and has certain singularity, compared with reconnoitring, not only needs the coalfield fire on basis with conventional gas and oil, also needs to carry out long-term mining experiment.At present, the exploration method of China's coal-seam gas mainly gathers coal seam sample by drilling technique, utilizes experimental determination coalbed methane reservoir parameter, preferred coal bed gas well, thus the delineation realizing coal-seam gas region.But the method needs to consume a large amount of time and cost, especially in the area of topographic condition more complicated, difficulty of construction is large, and reconnoitre cost high, Collate checing cycle is long.
Therefore, in order to promote the exploration technique level of coal-seam gas, reduce and reconnoitre cost, shorten Collate checing cycle, the present invention proposes a kind of to carry out the method for reconnoitring Enriching Coalbed Methane district by comprehensively multispectral section of electromagnetic wave (visible light wave range, near-infrared band, short infrared wave band and ultralow frequency frequency range) information is comprehensive from earth's surface to underground, the quick position of Enriching Coalbed Methane scope can be realized cost-effectively, and the accurate evaluation of the reservoir parameter such as depth of burial and enrichment degree.
Summary of the invention
The defect that current CBM Exploration method cost under MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY is high in order to overcome in the present invention, the cycle is long, proposes and a kind ofly carries out the method for reconnoitring Enriching Coalbed Methane district by comprehensively multispectral section of electromagnetic wave information is comprehensive from earth's surface to underground.
The present invention is on the basis of coal field geology data (comprising coalfield reservoir, formation lithology, structural attitude, ground mulching and physical environment etc.) collecting and arrange coal-seam gas plan survey area, theoretical in conjunction with hydrocarbon microseepage and surface mineral and underground hydrocarbons spectrum character curve carries out comprehensive analysis, and the Enriching Coalbed Methane district carrying out comprehensive multispectral section from earth's surface to underground reconnoitres.First, reconnoitre in plan the remote sensing technology that earth's surface, district utilizes coverage count, abnormal to the hydrocarbons on earth's surface by short infrared wave band remote sensing image Direct Recognition Micro blazed-grating, with Primary Location hydrocarbon microseepage exceptions area; The surface alteration (clay mineral) utilizing near-infrared band Extraction of Image to produce due to hydrocarbon microseepage, the spurious anomaly caused to eliminate the original hydrocarbons interference in earth's surface; Visible ray-near-infrared band image is utilized to be identified in the phenomenon of iron enrichment at a low price under oxidation-deoxidizing circumstance, with supplementary earth's surface hydro carbons to the oxidation of metallic ion; The extraction result weighted calculation earth's surface THC Micro blazed-grating fully utilizing above-mentioned three wave bands is abnormal, by the potential enrichment region of setting threshold value determination coal-seam gas.Secondly, SLF electromagnetic Detection Techniques are utilized to carry out underground deep coal-seam gas buried depth and enrichment degree assessment at the potential enrichment region of coal-seam gas, by to the ultralow frequency range electromagnetic surveying data march wave analysis obtained to determine the buried depth scope of coal-seam gas, utilize survey line data production two-dimensional cross section to analyze and research the enrichment degree of subterranean coal gas and distribution characteristics.Finally, in conjunction with the result of detection of comprehensive multispectral section from earth's surface to underground, determine space distribution and the parameter information such as coal-seam gas buried depth and enrichment degree in Enriching Coalbed Methane district, realize reconnoitring of Enriching Coalbed Methane district cost-effectively.
The method solves the technical scheme that its technical matters adopts:
First, reconnoitre in plan the extraction that hydrocarbon microseepage exception is carried out on earth's surface, district, determine the spatial distribution characteristic of the potential enrichment region of coal-seam gas, comprising: short infrared wave band Extraction of Image hydrocarbons is abnormal; Near-infrared band remote sensing image extracts clay mineral Alteration anomaly; Visible ray-near-infrared band Extraction of Image iron-bearing mineral is abnormal.
A, short infrared wave band--earth's surface hydrocarbons anomaly extracting
Due in the process that hydrocarbons is migrated to earth's surface by space, crack or underground water, be easy to be adsorbed by soil and mineral, so all can there is in the overlying strata in Enriching Coalbed Methane district the phenomenon that hydrocarbons composition obviously increases, therefore directly utilize remote sensing technology to obtain plan and reconnoitre district's earth surface image, can determine that this reconnoitres the hydrocarbons spatial abnormal feature district on earth's surface, district fast.By the analysis to hydrocarbons spectral signature, its characteristic absorption wave band is 1180nm, 1380nm, 1700-1850nm and 2300-2450nm, wherein the first two wave band Absorption Characteristics is narrower and intensity is more weak, and latter two wave band to be hydrocarbons total and distinctive strong absorption spectral coverage, the general absorbance degree of depth carries out the extraction of hydrocarbons in the world, but the reflectivity of hydro carbons is general lower, absorb the degree of depth also less, the present invention selects the absorption paddy near the strong absorption bands of hydrocarbons and reflection peak to synthesize pseudo color coding hologram image, and calculate its absorption index to determine hydrocarbons abnormal ranges.
B, near-infrared band--clay mineral Alteration anomaly extracts
Owing to also there are some other original hydrocarbonaceous material (as asphalt roads, plastic cement race track and plastics roof etc.) on earth's surface, often produce with the hydrocarbons of coal-seam gas Micro blazed-grating and obscure, theoretical according to hydrocarbon alteration, make the clay mineral enrichment of overlying strata containing sulfuretted hydrogen and hydrocarbon in the gas of hydrocarbon microseepage, therefore, part spurious anomaly information can effectively be rejected by clay mineral anomaly extracting.Because the dominant absorption feature of clay mineral is all distributed in near-infrared band, the present invention utilizes the method for selectivity matched filtering to reconnoitre in plan the extraction carrying out clay mineral (smalite) in the near-infrared band remote sensing image in district, determines that this reconnoitres the clay altered mineral distributive province on earth's surface, district.
C, visible ray-near-infrared band--iron-bearing mineral anomaly extracting
Because hydrocarbon microseepage not only creates clay mineral alteration, also change the redox environment of overlying strata, make ferric iron be reduced to ferrous iron mineral, form the phenomenon that red beds fades, therefore iron-bearing mineral is abnormal closely related with hydrocarbon anomaly.The present invention utilizes Spectral angle mapper classification method to carry out the anomaly extracting of iron-bearing mineral (siderite) reconnoitring in the visible ray in district-near-infrared band remote sensing image, determines that this reconnoitres the iron-bearing mineral distributive province on earth's surface, district.
D, the potential enrichment region of delineation coal-seam gas
Above-mentioned abnormal results is obtained total hydrocarbon microseepage according to different weighted superposition abnormal, wherein hydrocarbons is abnormal directly related with hydrocarbon seepage, account for larger specific gravity 60%, clay mineral is abnormal to take second place, account for 30%, iron-bearing mineral is abnormal accounts for 10%, thus obtains hydrocarbon microseepage spatial abnormal feature figure, by the potential enrichment region of setting threshold value delineation coal-seam gas.
Secondly, at the potential enrichment region of coal-seam gas, the electromagnetic surveying of underground deep coal-seam gas ultralow frequency frequency range is carried out.In ultralow frequency frequency range, the electromagnetic wave of overlength can penetrate deep geologic body, has high amplitude off-note to gas.Field electromagnetic surveying is on the spot carried out at the potential enrichment region of coal-seam gas, the electrical information in stratum of Enriching Coalbed Methane scope can be obtained fast, mean filter and bent wave analysis method is utilized to carry out denoising to single measuring point data, bent wave analysis has sparse expression ability more better than Wavelet transformation, combine wavelet transformation and be good at point-like character and Ridgelet conversion is suitable for the advantage of linear feature, the feature of locality, anisotropy and many resolution characteristiies can be realized, can effectively remove high frequency interference information, retain the low-frequency information comprising subsurface investigation target signature.Recycling two-dimensional inversion method is by survey line data genaration two-dimensional cross section, thus the parameter such as the buried depth of acquisition coal-seam gas and enrichment degree.
Finally, comprehensive analysis coal field geology data, earth's surface hydrocarbon microseepage spatial abnormal feature and subterranean coal SLF electromagnetic result of detection, utilize the coalbed methane reservoir parameter information of earth's surface hydrocarbon microseepage distribution range and subsurface investigation outcome evaluation, accurate delineation Enriching Coalbed Methane target area, realizes effectively reconnoitring fast of Enriching Coalbed Methane district.
Preferably, the direct Micro blazed-grating of described radiothermy infrared band remote sensing image identification is to the step of the hydrocarbons exception on earth's surface, be specially: by analyzing the spectrum character curve of hydrocarbons, optimize the characteristic absorption wave band of hydrocarbons, adjacent two strong reflection peaks and one are absorbed the pseudo color coding hologram striograph of paddy wave band by the outstanding hydrocarbons feature of certain band math synthesis, it is abnormal that recycling hydrocarbon spectra absorption index extracts hydrocarbons, determines hydrocarbons spatial abnormal feature district.
Preferably, the described step utilizing near-infrared band Extraction of Image clay mineral Alteration anomaly, be specially: the theoretical and coal field geology data according to hydrocarbon microseepage, determine the clay mineral (smalite) that will extract, utilize selectivity matching matrix to extract clay mineral Alteration anomaly in near-infrared band remote sensing images, determine clay altered mineral distributive province.
Preferably, the described step utilizing visible ray-near-infrared band image identification iron-bearing mineral exception, be specially: according to reconnoitring district's geologic information and hydrocarbon microseepage to the oxidation-reduction of ferric ion, determine the iron-bearing mineral (siderite) identified, adopt Spectral angle mapper classification method (SAM) in visible ray-near-infrared band remote sensing images, extract iron-bearing mineral abnormal, determine iron-bearing mineral distributive province.
Preferably, the step of THC Micro blazed-grating exceptions area, described delineation earth's surface, be specially: by the extraction result of above-mentioned three wave bands according to different weight coefficients, wherein hydrocarbons exception, clay mineral Alteration anomaly and iron-bearing mineral are abnormal accounts for 60%, 30% and 10% respectively, weighted calculation goes out earth's surface THC Micro blazed-grating abnormal results, delineation THC Micro blazed-grating exceptions area, earth's surface, thus determine the potential enrichment region of coal-seam gas.
Preferably, the described field detection of ultralow frequency frequency range and the step of data processing, be specially: formulate field detection scheme in the potential enrichment region scope of coal-seam gas, determines to detect route, measuring point quantity and spacing etc.Mean filter and bent wave analysis method is utilized to carry out denoising to single measuring point data.
Preferably, the described SLF electromagnetic Detection Techniques that utilize carry out underground deep coal-seam gas buried depth and enrichment degree appraisal procedure, are specially; Single measuring point data reflects the electromagnetic signature of longitudinal depth range, adjacent measuring point then reflects the electromagnetic signature of horizontal section scope, by utilizing two-dimensional inversion method, ultralow frequency detection data is processed, obtain the two-dimensional cross section of line direction, and then analyze the electrical property feature reconnoitring stratum, district, wherein the abnormal degree of depth of the high amplitude of detection data is basically identical with coal-seam gas buried depth, and the enrichment degree detecting amplitude and coal-seam gas is closely related.
Preferably, the step of described delineation Enriching Coalbed Methane target area, be specially: comprehensive above-mentioned zone coal field geology data, earth's surface hydrocarbon microseepage spatial abnormal feature feature and the SLF electromagnetic result of detection to underground deep, analyze Enriching Coalbed Methane district feature, assessment coalbed methane reservoir parameter, thus prediction coal-seam gas high yield enrichment scope.
Compared to existing technology, technical scheme beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention a kind ofly fully utilizes multispectral section of electromagnetic wave information comprehensive method of reconnoitring Enriching Coalbed Methane district from earth's surface to underground, particularly when topographic condition more complicated, particularly economical and efficient, compared with traditional coal seam gas exploration method, not only consume less time and cost, and it is comprehensive from earth's surface to the extraction of subterranean coal gas information and analysis to realize large area.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is the invention process process flow diagram.
Fig. 2 is the ultralow frequency frequency range electromagnetic surveying curve high amplitude characteristic pattern of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
The present invention a kind ofly carries out the method for reconnoitring Enriching Coalbed Methane district by comprehensively multispectral section of electromagnetic wave information is comprehensive from earth's surface to underground, and as shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment reconnoitres district for Jincheng, Shanxi, and the present invention is described in detail for particular flow sheet.With reference to Fig. 1, the present embodiment comprises the following steps:
The geologic information display of collecting: this reconnoitres the Qinshui basin the northern fringe that district is positioned at the southeast, Shanxi Province, Qinshui basin belongs to carboniferous In North China Platform-Permian period coalfield, be formed at Stage of Yanshan, for-north north east is to the huge synclinorium structure of spread, belong to structure fairly simple containing coal-gas basin.This is reconnoitred Quaternary system in district and covers, and Fan Zhuanyi band is the compound position of north-south fold and approximately EW fold, and crack is grown the most; In this district, coal-bearing strata is Carboniferous Permian, and Shanxi group No. 3 coal seams and Taiyuan Forma-tion No. 15 coal seams are Main workable coal seams in field with "nine squares", and the whole district extensively distributes.
This reconnoitres district's clay mineral enrichment, and Neozoic group's Quaternary Strata is based on reddish brown, yellowish green, khaki clay, mild clay and sand and gravel; Neogene system stratum is mainly sallow, grayish green, brownish red clay and sandy clay, a paramount flat band to the north of Jincheng, and containing ferromanganese matter, caliche nodule in clay, bottom is gravel; Some areas exposure mud stone principal ingredient is smalite and a small amount of breeze, containing aquation white mica fragment, siderite spherolite.Theoretical based on hydrocarbon microseepage, in several ways, above tectal fracture, joint, microfissure, hole etc. are for passage migration is to earth's surface for the buried hydrocarbons in underground deep.Hydrocarbons and accompaniment thereof act on rock, mineral, the soil of superincumbent stratum, cause alteration.The alteration that hydrocarbons causes mainly contains clay mineralising (smectite, smalite, chlorite etc.), ferrous iron mineral enrichment, carbonatite mineralising etc.
1, the direct Micro blazed-grating of radiothermy infrared band remote sensing image identification is abnormal to the hydrocarbons on earth's surface
By analyzing the spectrum character curve of hydrocarbons, optimize the characteristic absorption wave band 1730nm of hydrocarbons, adjacent two strong reflection peaks and one are absorbed the pseudo color coding hologram striograph of paddy wave band by the outstanding hydrocarbons feature of certain band math synthesis, it is abnormal that recycling hydrocarbon spectra absorption index extracts hydrocarbons.
2, near-infrared band Extraction of Image clay mineral Alteration anomaly is utilized
According to hydrocarbon microseepage, theoretical and coal field geology data, determines the clay mineral (smalite) that will extract, and utilizes selectivity matching matrix to extract clay mineral Alteration anomaly at near-infrared band.
3, visible ray-near-infrared band image identification iron-bearing mineral is abnormal
According to reconnoitring district's geologic information and hydrocarbon microseepage to the oxidation-reduction of ferric ion, determining the iron-bearing mineral (siderite) identified, adopting Spectral angle mapper classification method (SAM) to extract iron-bearing mineral at visible ray-near-infrared band abnormal.
4, THC Micro blazed-grating exceptions area, earth's surface is drawn a circle to approve
By the extraction result of above-mentioned three wave bands according to different weight coefficients, wherein hydrocarbons exception, clay mineral Alteration anomaly and iron-bearing mineral are abnormal accounts for 60%, 30% and 10% respectively, weighted calculation goes out earth's surface THC Micro blazed-grating abnormal results, delineation THC Micro blazed-grating exceptions area, earth's surface, thus determine the potential enrichment region of coal-seam gas.The main integrated distribution of altered mineral is in image central region, and this indicates this region is the potential enrichment region of coal-seam gas.
5, ultralow frequency frequency range electromagnetic wave is utilized to carry out field detection test at the potential enrichment region of coal-seam gas
Be positioned at Sihe Coal Mine and the Hu ground coal mining area of Qinshui basin according to altered mineral and the potential enrichment region of adsorption by soil hydro carbons material earth's surface distribution plan display coal-seam gas, therefore carry out the ultralow frequency frequency range electromagnetic surveying test of 6 days by a definite date in this mining area.Lay 2 surveys line, totally 16 measuring points.For reducing stochastic error, the equal repeated acquisition data of each measuring point 2 ~ 3 times.The direction of being popped one's head in by rotary magnetic, adjustment enlargement ratio, adjustment investigation depth and detection step-length, to obtain optimal detection effect.To ensure during same survey line different measuring points data acquisition that the detecting parameters such as frequency band of detection, frequency interval and gain amplifier are basically identical as far as possible.
6, the electromagnetic surveying data processing of ultralow frequency frequency range and analysis
Statistical study is carried out to raw data, rejects the measuring point data that artificial electromagnetic interference is larger, retain the detective curve that noise is little, reproducible;
Frequency band and the conversion of frequency interval are carried out respectively to the curve of difference detection step-length and depth range, makes it be normalized to identical step-length and the degree of depth;
When part measuring point gain amplifier is different, needs to carry out gain conversions and obtain unified abnormal measurement standard;
Superposed average process is carried out to the data of same observation station multi collect, removes the random noise of significant change;
With reference to figure 2, single measuring point data utilizes the method such as mean filter and bent wave analysis to carry out denoising, while effectively removing high frequency interference information, remains the low-frequency information containing buried target feature, highlights coal-seam gas high amplitude off-note;
To whole piece SLF electromagnetic survey line data acquisition triangular linear interpolation production two-dimensional cross section, analyze the electrical property feature reconnoitring district's subsurface formations, assessment coal-seam gas buried depth and enrichment degree thereof.
7, comprehensive above-mentioned zone coal field geology data, earth's surface hydrocarbon microseepage spatial abnormal feature feature and the SLF electromagnetic result of detection to underground deep, delineation Enriching Coalbed Methane target area.
Result shows: this is reconnoitred district's remote sensing image central region and there is a large amount of hydrocarbon anomaly, clay pit (smalite) and siderite Alteration anomaly.This region is sitting at the end and Si He mining area recklessly, Jincheng, Enriching Coalbed Methane, and Human disturbance is less, and generation and the hydrocarbon of this reducing environment of initial guess are leaked with direct relation.
Utilize the electromagnetic wave of ultralow frequency frequency range the potential enrichment region of coal-seam gas carry out field on the spot result of detection also show, often occur high amplitude off-note at the ultralow frequency frequency range electromagnetic probe signal of coal-seam gas buried depth scope, the coal seam degree of depth of depth range and known drilling well matches.
Calmodulin binding domain CaM coal field geology data, earth's surface hydrocarbon microseepage spatial abnormal feature feature and meeting with known geology and drilling data the Enriching Coalbed Methane target area that the SLF electromagnetic result of detection of underground deep is finally drawn a circle to approve, therefore the method is the method that rapidly and efficiently a kind of and lower-cost large area reconnoitres Enriching Coalbed Methane district.
Claims (8)
1., based on the method in multispectral section of electromagnetic wave mapping sub-surface Enriching Coalbed Methane district, the steps include:
1) obtain the short infrared wave band remote sensing image intending reconnoitring district, and from this remote sensing image, determine that this reconnoitres the hydrocarbons spatial abnormal feature district on earth's surface, district;
2) obtain the near-infrared band remote sensing image that this reconnoitres district, and from this remote sensing image, determine that this reconnoitres the clay altered mineral distributive province on earth's surface, district;
3) obtain this visible ray reconnoitring district-near-infrared band remote sensing image, and from this remote sensing image, determine that this reconnoitres the iron-bearing mineral distributive province on earth's surface, district;
4) determine according to described hydrocarbons spatial abnormal feature district, altered mineral distributive province and iron-bearing mineral distributive province the potential enrichment region of coal-seam gas that this reconnoitres district;
5) SLF electromagnetic detection is carried out to the potential enrichment region of described coal-seam gas, obtain ultralow frequency detection data, delineation CBM Exploration target area.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that the method for the potential enrichment region of the described coal-seam gas determining that this reconnoitres district is: a weight is arranged respectively to described hydrocarbons spatial abnormal feature district, clay altered mineral distributive province and iron-bearing mineral distributive province, then this is reconnoitred to district and is weighted summation, if the weighted sum value in a certain region is greater than setting threshold value, then this region is the potential enrichment region of described coal-seam gas.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, the weight of iron-bearing mineral distributive province described in the weight > of clay altered mineral distributive province described in the weight > that it is characterized in that described hydrocarbons spatial abnormal feature district.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described ultralow frequency detection data comprises coal-seam gas buried depth and enrichment degree information.
5. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that utilizing hydrocarbon spectra absorption index computing formula from remote sensing image, extract described hydrocarbons, determines described hydrocarbons spatial abnormal feature district.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that the spectrum character curve according to hydro carbons, optimize the characteristic absorption wave band of hydrocarbons, adjacent two strong reflection peaks and one are absorbed the pseudo color coding hologram striograph of paddy wave band by the outstanding hydrocarbons feature of band math synthesis, show determined this and reconnoitre the hydrocarbons spatial abnormal feature district on earth's surface, district.
7. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, according to described clay altered mineral, utilizing selectivity matching matrix to extract clay altered mineral in near-infrared band remote sensing image, determines described clay altered mineral distributive province.
8. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that adopting Spectral angle mapper classification method to extract iron-bearing mineral in visible ray-near-infrared band remote sensing images, determines described iron-bearing mineral distributive province.
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