CN104749618A - Shale low-angle crack post-stack probability quantitative characterization method - Google Patents
Shale low-angle crack post-stack probability quantitative characterization method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a shale low-angle crack post-stack probability quantitative characterization method in which quantitative prediction of local or zonal crack development is simply and quickly realized based on seismic data directly and by quantitatively extracting the crack development probability with the use of multi-class post-stack seismic attributes with good low-angle crack correlation and establishing low-angle crack quantitative characterization according to the crack development information and probability. According to the scheme, the crack development probability is extracted based on the difference between various seismic attributes good for low-angle crack development characterization, and comprehensive crack information is acquired and the crack development degree is quantitatively characterized through attribute superposition, including inter-attribute correlation coefficient determination, a crack development probability extraction method, and quantitative characterization of crack development degree. The development probability of a crack is extracted according to the difference between geometric, dynamic and other post-stack attributes well reflecting a low-angle crack so as to realize quantitative characterization of the density of a crack, and crack development has the characteristic that the direction with maximum density change is vertical to the direction of crack development.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mud shale petroleum and gas geology and exploration data processing method technical field, be applicable to shale reservoir forecasting techniques, specifically a kind of mud shale low-angle dip crack poststack probability quantitatively characterizing method for low-angle dip fracture developing zone.
Background technology
Along with the continuous progress of mud shale unconventionaloil pool exploration, the perviousness that crack is conducive to expanding mud shale reservoir space and improving reservoir is reached common understanding.It is different that fracture dip oozes ability contribution to mud shale hole, and the microporosity that low-angle dip microfracture more contributes to linking up mud shale particularly stratiform mud shale is connective, is conducive to rich accumulation of oil and gas and becomes to hide.At present, crack seismic prediction technique can divide prestack poststack to predict by data.Pre-stack fracture forecasting techniques has good theory advantage, directly can realize quantitative forecast in theory, but affects by factors such as the large implementation procedure of seismic data quality, data volume are complicated in practical operation, and the data with different otherness that predicts the outcome is larger.
Current poststack seismic prediction technique is main mainly with the aspect rule by the superposition of multiple relative earthquake attribute, fusion or Application of Logging-constrained Inversion macro qualitative analysis Prediction of fracture, as " mud shale crack progress " (Ding Wenlong etc. Advances in Earth Science, 2011.26.2) in utilize Acceleration Algorithm in Seismic Coherence Cube, attribute volume or the multiple attribute such as frequency class, waveform class can good qualitative reflection fracture developing zone.There is scholar to attempt utilizing poststack seismic data to carry out crack quantitative forecast successively and obtain certain effect, as " regressive curvature integrated forecasting crack method establishment and the application in Luxi Sag thereof " (Wang Xuejun etc. journal of Zhejiang university-Edition, 2002.29-6), " the fracture-type reservoir modeling method integrating multi-scale information is inquired into " (Peng's bodyguard is tranquil. Xi'an Petroleum University's journal-natural science edition, 2011.26-4) etc., the former utilizes curvature to combine and nearest tomography distance relation regressive curvature method mainly for secondary group tectoclase, the latter is the Geological Statistics Method of the large scale information constrained small scale information space interpolation of buried hill tectoclase.On the whole mostly these methods are directly to build well shake information bridge by geostatistics method, and forecasting object mostly is the tectoclase of sandstone and buried hill, and result is restrictive large by well information, general for shale reservoir prediction effect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to the deficiency existed for prior art, there is provided a kind of directly based on seismic data, low-angle dip crack good multiclass poststack seismic properties of being correlated with is utilized quantitatively to extract fracture development probability, comprehensive fracture development information and probability set up low-angle dip crack quantitatively characterizing, the mud shale low-angle dip crack poststack probability quantitatively characterizing method that quantitative (size, direction) that simple and fast realizes local or zone fracture development predicts.
Overall technological scheme of the present invention:
Based on all kinds of, fracture development probability is extracted to the otherness that the characteristics good seismic properties of low-angle dip fracture development exists, and federation properties superposition obtains crack integrated information quantitatively characterizing development degree of micro cracks in oil, comprising:
(1) between attribute, related coefficient is determined;
(2) fracture development probability extracting method;
(3) development degree of micro cracks in oil quantitatively characterizing.
Also comprise based on above-mentioned overall plan:
Between attribute, the determination of related coefficient comprises the best and least correlativing coefficient, and namely determining that low-angle dip crack characterizes the good attribute of degree is reference property A
1, best related coefficient a ensures the same A of each attribute
1there is aA
2→ A
1; Namely least correlativing coefficient b determines data bA
2< A
1, ensure that each generic attribute crack information more than 90% is not excessively amplified collection;
Fracture development probability extracting method, by best related coefficient a, obtains the otherness unified between the attribute of yardstick, and then obtains fracture development probability
The quantitatively characterizing of development degree of micro cracks in oil comprises grows density, direction quantification, wherein,
Growth density in the quantitatively characterizing of development degree of micro cracks in oil is by least correlativing coefficient b, obtains the overlapped information synthesis of each attribute fracture development information, Z
2=(A
1∪ A
2)=A
1+ bA
2, associating fracture development probability product Z
1z
2obtain fracture development density;
Growth direction quantification in the quantitatively characterizing of development degree of micro cracks in oil, that to change maximum direction with fracture azimuth be 90 ° of angles to fracture density, utilize conventional gradient integration, fracture density graded isoline can be tried to achieve, along fracture density graded isoline direction and fracture azimuth.
The concrete technical scheme of mud shale low-angle dip crack of the present invention poststack probability quantitatively characterizing method:
(1) post-stack seismic data is utilized to extract low-angle dip fracture development density qualitative characterization relevant, curvature two kind gonosome preferably;
(2) normalized is done to each attribute volume and obtain A respectively
1, A
2the data volume that numerical range is unified, wherein: the best data volume of qualitative characterization is reference data body A
1;
(3) by real drilling well A
1, A
2correlated attribute, determines the best between the attribute of well point and least correlativing coefficient, wherein:
The prerequisite that real drilling well correlated attribute is implemented is the crack information depth correspondence being realized borehole wall fractures information and drilling well attribute by composite seismogram calibration;
Real drilling well A
1, A
2attribute and well point place A
1, A
2data track, is expressed as A
1 well, A
2 wells;
A
1 well, A
2 wellsbetween best and least correlativing coefficient determination principle be: best related coefficient a guarantee A
2 wellssame A
1 wellthere is aA
2 wells→ A
1 well, minimal linear related coefficient b determines data bA
2 wells< A
1 well, ensure that each generic attribute crack information more than 90% is not excessively amplified collection;
(4) popularization well point the best, least correlativing coefficient a, b apply within the scope of whole data volume, quantize crack information;
By best related coefficient a in step (3), obtain the otherness unified between the attribute volume of yardstick, and then obtain fracture development probability body:
Between any point attribute, difference is less, Z
1be worth larger (Z
1→ ∞), illustrate that the determinacy of this fracture development probability is larger, otherwise difference is larger, Z
1be worth less (Z
1→ 0), this fracture development probability is corresponding less;
Utilize least correlativing coefficient in step (3), obtain the crack information complex of a fracture development information superposition:
Z
2＝(A
1∪A
2)＝A
1+bA
2
(5) fracture development synthesis Z
2information and fracture development probability body Z
1product Z
1z
2realize the fracture density in quantification development degree of micro cracks in oil;
By Z in (4)
1→ ∞ and Z
2numerical range widens one's influence, Z
1z
2→ ∞,
utilize power function characteristic reduce this impact of number and do not affect Z
1z
2numerical value change trend;
(6) fracture development has the advantages that the maximum direction of variable density is 90 ° of angles with fracture azimuth, physics gradient concept is utilized to ask for fracture density gradient operator, layer group fracture density graded isoline can be tried to achieve, along isoline direction and fracture azimuth
Above-mentioned concrete technical scheme comprises further:
Normalized described in step (2) realizes the data area of attribute volume unanimously by primary arithmetic facts computing, and normalization scope is well logging fracture density scope;
Correlation analysis described in step (3) is the correlationship according to studying in statistics between stochastic variable;
In step (5), further by the fracture density measurements from imaging logging FVDC couple of real drilling well
carry out dimension demarcation, realize quantification development degree of micro cracks in oil and characterize fracture density; Described dimension is demarcated as extracting
attribute volume well point place data track, meets Zs=|mZ
1z
2+ n| → FVDC;
In step (6), described gradient is the intensity of variation of unit distance internal fissure density, and gradient operator combines acquisition by fracture density at all directions rate of change, computing formula:
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention is based on the poststack attribute quantitative forecasting technique of fracture development probability, under well information management, by the crack information of the comprehensive each generic attribute of fracture development probability quantification, realize fracture development (density, direction) quantitatively characterizing.The method has enriched mud shale crack quantification mode further, can realize fracture planes, three-dimensional quantification sign by simple and fast, retrain little by seismic data and well data.For the preferred of mud shale favorable exploration object and reservoir fracturing provide important evidence.The method has good effect and promotion prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 W1 well coherence properties is with curvature attributes correlation analysis figure
Fig. 2 W1 well calculates fracture density and fracture density measurements from imaging logging contrasts
Fig. 3 W2 well crack quantitative forecast effect
Fig. 4 fracture density change and fracture orientation relation
Fig. 5 H
1bedding plane crack density map
Fig. 6 H
1layer fracture development directional diagram
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1-6 is described further with regard to the preferred embodiment of the present invention by reference to the accompanying drawings.
(1) post-stack seismic data is utilized to extract the good two kind gonosomes of low-angle dip fracture development density qualitative characterization, as relevant, curvature.
(2) normalized is done to each attribute volume and obtain A respectively
1, A
2the data volume that numerical range is unified.Wherein: the best data volume of qualitative characterization is reference data body A
1; Described normalized is exactly that to realize the data area of attribute volume by primary arithmetic facts computing consistent; Normalization scope is by fracture density scope of logging well.
(3) by real drilling well A
1, A
2correlated attribute, determines the best between the attribute of well point and least correlativing coefficient.Wherein:
The advantage of real drilling well attributive analysis can utilize the crack information of drilling well to each step process management of invention and guidance, and the prerequisite of enforcement is the crack information depth correspondence being realized borehole wall fractures information and drilling well attribute by composite seismogram calibration;
Real drilling well A
1, A
2attribute and well point place A
1, A
2data track, can be expressed as A
1 well, A
2 wells;
Described correlation analysis is a kind of method of the correlationship studied in statistics between stochastic variable.
A
1 well, A
2 wellsbetween best and least correlativing coefficient determination principle be: best related coefficient a guarantee A
2 wellssame A
1 wellthere is aA
2 wells→ A
1 well.Minimal linear related coefficient b determines data bA
2 wells< A
1 well, ensure that each generic attribute crack information more than 90% is not excessively amplified collection (accompanying drawing 1).
(4) popularization well point the best, least correlativing coefficient a, b apply within the scope of whole data volume, quantize crack information.
By related coefficient a best in (3), obtain the otherness unified between the attribute volume of yardstick, and then obtain fracture development probability body:
Between any point attribute, difference is less, Z
1be worth larger (Z
1→ ∞), illustrate that the determinacy of this fracture development probability is larger.Otherwise difference is larger, Z
1be worth less (Z
1→ 0), this fracture development probability is corresponding less.
Utilize least correlativing coefficient in (3), the crack information complex of a fracture development information superposition can be obtained:
Z
2＝(A
1∪A
2)＝A
1+bA
2
The Z of arbitrfary point
2this crack of larger explanation is educated all the more.Otherwise the less growth of this agensis less or crack.
(5) fracture development synthesis (Z
2) information and fracture development probability body (Z
1) product (Z
1z
2) realize quantification development degree of micro cracks in oil (fracture density).
By Z in (4)
1→ ∞ and Z
2numerical range widens one's influence, Z
1z
2→ ∞,
utilize power function characteristic reduce this impact of number and do not affect Z
1z
2numerical value change trend.
Fracture density measurements from imaging logging (FVDC) further by real drilling well is right
carry out dimension demarcation, realize quantification development degree of micro cracks in oil and characterize (fracture density).Described dimension is demarcated as extracting
attribute volume well point place data track, meets Zs=|mZ
1z
2+ n| → FVDC.
(6) fracture development has the feature (accompanying drawing 4) that the maximum direction of variable density is 90 ° of angles with fracture azimuth, utilizes physics gradient concept to ask for fracture density gradient operator, can try to achieve a layer group
splitseam density gradient change isoline, along isoline direction and fracture azimuth (accompanying drawing 6).
Described gradient (gradient) is the intensity of variation of certain phenomenon (fracture density) in unit distance, and gradient operator is joined at all directions rate of change by fracture density
Close and obtain, computing formula:
Embodiment 2
The specific embodiment being applied particularly to W1, W2 well below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1-6 and invention is described.
Given data: a set of conventional sgy form poststack seismic data in study area, the well logging fracture density of a bite well (W1), sonic data and represent the layer bit data H of zone of interest position
1.
(1) seismic data is utilized to carry relevant, curvature attributes body, the sgy formatted data body that coherence properties body is obtained by the feature calculating covariance matrix.The data volume of the sgy form that the metamorphosis that curvature utilizes many timing window and many daughters mode admittedly to control extracts.
(2) log well fracture density scope 0-20, coherence properties 0-220, curvature attributes scope 0-3.5.Relevant, curvature attributes data area consistance (0-20) is realized by arithmetical operation.
Relevant normalization body:
Curvature normalization data body:
(3) W1 well point place A is extracted
1, A
2attribute is respectively A
1w1, A
2w1, utilize W1 well composite seismogram calibration to realize borehole wall fractures information and deeply mate with during well attribute data, to the management of following steps process.
Pass through A
1w1, A
2w1between correlated attribute (accompanying drawing 1), determine best related coefficient a=2.7, i.e. 2.7A
2W1→ A
1W1, accompanying drawing 1(a).In accompanying drawing 1 (b), least correlativing coefficient b=2.5, ensures that the curvature attributes (dark point) more than 90% is rationally gathered, thus 2.5A
2W1< A
1W1.
(4) the W1 well attribute in step (3) is best, least correlativing coefficient a, b are generalized to whole data volume.Best related coefficient a is utilized to obtain fracture development probability body:
any point Z
1be worth larger (Z
1→ ∞), the determinacy of this fracture development probability is larger.Z
1be worth less (Z
1→ 0), this fracture development probability is corresponding little.
Fracture development information superposition body is obtained: Z by the least correlativing coefficient b of step (3)
2=A
1+ bA
2=A
1+ 2.5A
2, the comprehensive relevant crack information comprised with curvature attributes body.
(5) product of fracture development probability body and fracture development imformosome obtains the fracture development imformosome (Z of a quantification
1z
2).
Main by Z in step (4)
1→ ∞ affects, Z
1z
2data area is (0-326),
data area (0-18)
Utilize the fracture density measurements from imaging logging of W1 well (FVDC) right
carry out dimension
Demarcate: Zs=|mZ
1z
2+ n|=|1.2 × Z
1z
2-1.7|
Zs is sgy form fracture density body, can obtain the fracture development density accompanying drawing 5 of aspect and series of strata easily.Accompanying drawing 2 is W1 well point place fracture density prediction curve, and have better correspondence with well logging fracture density, accompanying drawing 3 is W2 well fracture density prediction curve, and better (Fig. 3), W2 well obtains high yield commercial oil in shaft bottom fracture development section formation testing to contrast effect.Well point related coefficient utilization and extention described in this description of step (4) is feasible.
(6) along zone of interest H
1h is extracted in the Zs density volume data that step (5) obtains
1bedding plane crack density (accompanying drawing 5).
calculate the change of bedding plane crack density gradient and obtain H
1slabbing seam density gradient change isoline, along fracture density gradient integration isoline direction and fracture azimuth (accompanying drawing 6).From accompanying drawing 6 real drilling well W1, W3 well FRACTURE PREDICTION direction and actual measurement fracture orientation, there is better correspondence.
Step (5) (6) result is superimposed, just can realize low angle fracture developing zone crack quantitative forecast (density, direction) (accompanying drawing 5,6), predict the outcome and can the multimode such as point, face, body show, method implementation process is simple, quick, each research zone available data basis all can realize, possess good popularizing application prospect.
Claims (5)
1. mud shale low-angle dip crack poststack probability quantitatively characterizing method, it is characterized in that: based on all kinds of, fracture development probability is extracted to the otherness that the characteristics good seismic properties of low-angle dip fracture development exists, and federation properties superposition obtains crack integrated information quantitatively characterizing development degree of micro cracks in oil, comprising:
(1) between attribute, related coefficient is determined;
(2) fracture development probability extracting method;
(3) development degree of micro cracks in oil quantitatively characterizing.
2. mud shale low-angle dip crack according to claim 1 poststack probability quantitatively characterizing method, is characterized in that:
Between attribute, the determination of related coefficient comprises the best and least correlativing coefficient, and namely determining that low-angle dip crack characterizes the good attribute of degree is reference property A
1, best related coefficient a ensures the same A of each attribute
1there is aA
2→ A
1; Namely least correlativing coefficient b determines data bA
2< A
1, ensure that each generic attribute crack information more than 90% is not excessively amplified collection;
Fracture development probability extracting method, by best related coefficient a, obtains the otherness unified between the attribute of yardstick, and then obtains fracture development probability
The quantitatively characterizing of development degree of micro cracks in oil comprises grows density, direction quantification, wherein,
Growth density in the quantitatively characterizing of development degree of micro cracks in oil is by least correlativing coefficient b, obtains the overlapped information synthesis of each attribute fracture development information, Z
2=(A
1∪ A
2)=A
1+ bA
2, associating fracture development probability product Z
1z
2obtain fracture development density;
Growth direction quantification in the quantitatively characterizing of development degree of micro cracks in oil, that to change maximum direction with fracture azimuth be 90 ° of angles to fracture density, utilize conventional gradient integration, fracture density graded isoline can be tried to achieve, along fracture density graded isoline direction and fracture azimuth.
3. mud shale low-angle dip crack according to claim 1 and 2 poststack probability quantitatively characterizing method, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) post-stack seismic data is utilized to extract low-angle dip fracture development density qualitative characterization relevant, curvature two kind gonosome preferably;
(2) normalized is done to each attribute volume and obtain A respectively
1, A
2the data volume that numerical range is unified, wherein: the best data volume of qualitative characterization is reference data body A
1;
(3) by real drilling well A
1, A
2correlated attribute, determines the best between the attribute of well point and least correlativing coefficient, wherein:
The prerequisite that real drilling well correlated attribute is implemented is the crack information depth correspondence being realized borehole wall fractures information and drilling well attribute by composite seismogram calibration;
Real drilling well A
1, A
2attribute and well point place A
1, A
2data track, is expressed as A
1 well, A
2 wells;
A
1 well, A
2 wellsbetween best and least correlativing coefficient determination principle be: best related coefficient a guarantee A
2 wellssame A
1 wellthere is aA
2 wells→ A
1 well, minimal linear related coefficient b determines data bA
2 wells< A
1 well, ensure that each generic attribute crack information more than 90% is not excessively amplified collection;
(4) popularization well point the best, least correlativing coefficient a, b apply within the scope of whole data volume, quantize crack information;
By best related coefficient a in step (3), obtain the otherness unified between the attribute volume of yardstick, and then obtain fracture development probability body:
Between any point attribute, difference is less, Z
1be worth larger (Z
1→ ∞), illustrate that the determinacy of this fracture development probability is larger, otherwise difference is larger, Z
1be worth less (Z
1→ 0), this fracture development probability is corresponding less;
Utilize least correlativing coefficient in step (3), obtain the crack information complex of a fracture development information superposition:
Z
2＝(A
1∪A
2)＝A
1+bA
2
(5) fracture development synthesis Z
2information and fracture development probability body Z
1product Z
1z
2realize the fracture density in quantification development degree of micro cracks in oil;
By Z in (4)
1→ ∞ and Z
2numerical range widens one's influence, Z
1z
2→ ∞,
utilize power function characteristic reduce this impact of number and do not affect Z
1z
2numerical value change trend;
(6) fracture development has the advantages that the maximum direction of variable density is 90 ° of angles with fracture azimuth, physics gradient concept is utilized to ask for fracture density gradient operator, layer group fracture density graded isoline can be tried to achieve, along isoline direction and fracture azimuth.
4. mud shale low-angle dip crack according to claim 3 poststack probability quantitatively characterizing method, is characterized in that:
Normalized described in step (2) realizes the data area of attribute volume unanimously by primary arithmetic facts computing, and normalization scope is well logging fracture density scope;
Correlation analysis described in step (3) is the correlationship according to studying in statistics between stochastic variable;
In step (5), further by the fracture density measurements from imaging logging FVDC couple of real drilling well
carry out dimension demarcation, realize quantification development degree of micro cracks in oil and characterize fracture density;
In step (6), described gradient is the intensity of variation of unit distance internal fissure density, and gradient operator combines acquisition by fracture density at all directions rate of change, computing formula:
5. mud shale low-angle dip crack according to claim 4 poststack probability quantitatively characterizing method, is characterized in that: in step (5), and described dimension is demarcated as extracting
attribute volume well point place data track, meets Zs=|mZ
1z
2+ n| → FVDC.
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