CN104745886A - Nickel-based alloy and application thereof - Google Patents
Nickel-based alloy and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104745886A CN104745886A CN201310737891.4A CN201310737891A CN104745886A CN 104745886 A CN104745886 A CN 104745886A CN 201310737891 A CN201310737891 A CN 201310737891A CN 104745886 A CN104745886 A CN 104745886A
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Abstract
The invention provides a nickel-based alloy, which comprises the following components by weight: 21-25% of chromium, 1.2-1.9% of titanium, 0.7-0.9% of manganese, 5-8% of iron, and 2.0-4.5% of copper, and the base material is nickel. The nickel-based alloy has good corrosion resisting performance in supercritical water oxidation environment, and appears excellent corrosion resisting capability in the supercritical water oxidation environment containing phosphate ions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in general to corrosion resistant material field, more specifically, relates to a kind of nickel-base alloy and application thereof.
Background technology
Growing along with national economy, in the continuous increase of city size and China's industrial production, pharmacy industry and dyeing industry enterprise is on the increase, the problem of municipal effluent, sludge treatment seems more and more outstanding, and a large amount of acid that industrial production produces, alkaline pollutant also get more and more.
When the temperature and pressure postcritical value (374.3 DEG C of water, 22.05MPa) time, water in system is just referred to as the water of " overcritical ", usually by temperature more than 374 DEG C, and pressure is higher than 22.05Mpa(such as 23Mpa) water surrounding be called supercritical water environment.And heating water to more than boiling point, below stagnation point, and Controlling System pressure makes water remain liquid state, and the water of this state is called as subcritical water.At present, the material that can be applicable to subcritical water oxidation device mostly is nickel-base alloy, wherein most often corrosion-resistant Hastelloy C alloys-276 and nickel-base alloy Inconel625.Wherein, the component of C-276 is: chromium: 15.0% ~ 16.5%, iron: 4.0% ~ 7.0%, molybdenum: 15.0% ~ 17.0%, tungsten: 3.0% ~ 4.5%, vanadium: 0.1% ~ 0.3%, carbon: < 0.01%, manganese: < 1.0%, silicon: < 0.08%, cobalt: < 2.5%, phosphorus: < 0.015%, sulphur: < 0.01%, all the other are base material nickel.In subcritical water oxidation environment, the corrosion of material is mainly due to iontophoretic injection.In water surrounding, the phosphoric acid salt of solubility will increase the specific conductivity of the aqueous solution, forms the strong electrolytic solution that electroconductibility is good, thus facilitates the generation of galvanic corrosion.Meanwhile, phosphoric acid salt can show again the corrosive property differing from other salts, and this has stronger penetrance for nickel chromium triangle oxide film, thus exacerbates material corrosion in this environment further.In the process of municipal sludge, often the total content of phosphorus is higher, produces a large amount of phosphate radicals through conversion energy, can produce stronger corrosion to C-276 and Inconel625 of the prior art, cause materials'use cycle time, constrain the development at subcritical water oxidation environment sewerage disposing device.
Summary of the invention
For the shortcoming of material of the prior art poor corrosion resistance in subcritical water oxidation environment, the invention provides a kind of nickel-base alloy (ESM-III).
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of nickel-base alloy, and this nickel-base alloy comprises:
Chromium, 21%(weight) ~ 25%(weight);
Titanium, 1.2%(weight) ~ 1.9%(weight);
Manganese, 0.7%(weight) ~ 0.9%(weight);
Iron, 5.0%(weight) ~ 8.0%(weight);
Copper, 2.0%(weight) ~ 4.5%(weight);
Base material is nickel.
In certain embodiments, the content of chromium is 21.5%(weight) ~ 24.8%(weight).
In certain embodiments, the content of iron is 5.5%(weight) ~ 7.7%(weight).
In certain embodiments, the content of copper is 2.2%(weight) ~ 4.3%(weight).
In certain embodiments, nickel-base alloy also comprises 0.7%(weight) ~ 1.0%(weight) cobalt;
In certain embodiments, nickel-base alloy also comprises carbon and/or silicon, and wherein, the content of carbon is less than or equal to 0.05%(weight), the content of silicon is less than or equal to 0.2%(weight).
Another aspect of the present invention comprises the application of above-mentioned nickel-base alloy in corrosive environment.
According to some embodiments, corrosive environment is subcritical water oxidation environment.
According to some embodiments, the pH value of subcritical water oxidation environment is between 4 to 7.
According to some embodiments, in subcritical water oxidation environment, comprise the phosphate anion of concentration between 0.116g/L to 0.348g/L.
According to some embodiments, the temperature of subcritical water oxidation environment is in the scope of 300 DEG C to 370 DEG C.
Nickel-base alloy of the present invention has good corrosion resistance nature in subcritical water oxidation environment, in the subcritical water oxidation environment containing phosphate anion, especially show excellent corrosion resistance.
Embodiment
Be clearly and completely described to the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention below, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain, all belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a kind of very important effect of chromium in superalloy austenitic matrix forms chromium sesquioxide type oxide film, and this oxide film makes high-temperature alloy part have good oxidation-resistance and heat and corrosion resistant performance.Therefore nickel-base alloy of the present invention adds content and controls in 21%(weight) to 25%(weight) scope in chromium, to improve the erosion resistance of nickel-base alloy in Oxidant, wherein Oxidant comprises oxidizing acid, oxidative acidic salt, oxidisability basic salt etc.For improving the processing characteristics of nickel-base alloy of the present invention, the content of chromium preferably can be controlled in 21.5%(weight) to 24.8%(weight) scope in.In different environments, the critical chromium content improving nickel-base alloy erosion resistance is different, but the content of chromium selected in the present invention all can effectively make nickel-base alloy of the present invention in corrosion, have good corrosion resistant effect.In addition, the chromium in superalloy austenitic matrix causes lattice distortion, the intensity of austenite sosoloid is improved, plays the effect of solution strengthening.Chromium can also reduce sosoloid stacking fault energy, and creep rupture strength is significantly improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the content of titanium is controlled in 1.2%(weight) to 1.9%(weight) scope in, strengthening phase can be formed in superalloy to make titanium.In nickel-base alloy of the present invention, partial-titanium atom enters in γ sosoloid, thus plays the effect of solution strengthening, another part titanium atom γ ' mutually in carry out precipitation strength.
Manganese both hard have be rich in toughness, make alloy be easy to processing, therefore in the present invention by the content control of manganese in 0.7%(weight) ~ 0.9%(weight) and scope in.
Interpolation iron appropriate in the present invention can improve the solubleness of carbon in nickel, and then improves the susceptibility of alloy to intergranular corrosion, improves its anti-permeability performance.Therefore in nickel-base alloy of the present invention, the content of iron is controlled in 5%(weight) ~ 8%(weight) scope in, preferably control in 5.2%(weight) ~ 7.7%(weight) scope in.In addition, the use of iron also can fall low-alloyed cost.
In the corrosion resisting alloy with nickel-chromium-iron system, add a small amount of copper atom and can improve the erosion resistance of alloy in the environment of phosphorous acid group significantly, therefore in nickel-base alloy of the present invention, the content of copper is controlled in 2.0%(weight) ~ 4.5%(weight) scope in, significantly can improve the erosion resistance of nickel in the environment of non-oxidizing acid to make copper atom.Preferably the content of copper controls in 2.2%(weight) ~ 4.3%(weight) scope in.
Nickel, as matrix element, can dissolve more alloying element and carry out alloying, and still keep the stability of austenite phase.Therefore using the base material of nickel as nickel-base alloy of the present invention, and its content is used for the formula of trim nickel-base alloy, makes alloy total amount be 100%.Nickel is face-centred cubic structure and does not have ppolymorphism to change, and almost all the matrix of superalloy is all the austenite with face-centred cubic structure, because austenite has higher hot strength than body-centred cubic ferrite.The reason that austenitic hot strength is higher is that its atomic diffusion ability is less, and namely self-diffuse activation energy is higher.Nickel has higher chemical stability simultaneously, is oxidized hardly below 500 DEG C.The etch of not moisture-sensitive gas, water and some salts solution under normal temperature.
In some other embodiment of the present invention, also comprise cobalt.Addition controls in 0.7%(weight) to 1.0%(weight) scope in cobalt can improve wear resisting property and the corrosion resistance nature of alloy significantly, in the environment of high temperature, the cobalt in nickel-base alloy of the present invention and carbon can form the carbide of infusibility.This carbide is not easily converted into solid solution in nickel-base alloy, and its diffusion activity is little, thus the further corrosion resistance nature improving nickel-base alloy of the present invention.
In other embodiments of the present invention, also comprise carbon and silicon.Carbon and silicon can improve alloy strength, but excessive carbon and silicon can destroy material erosion resistance in acid condition.Therefore, in nickel-base alloy of the present invention by the content control of carbon and silicon be: the content of carbon is less than or equal to 0.05%(weight), the content of silicon is less than or equal to 0.2%(weight).
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that cobalt only plays the object putting forward heavy alloyed crystalline phase stability, and nickel-base alloy of the present invention also can reach identical corrosion resistant effect when not having cobalt component; Carbon and the corrosion resistance nature of silicon to nickel-base alloy of the present invention do not help, and therefore, when not comprising carbon and silicon, nickel-base alloy of the present invention can reach corrosion resistant effect equally.Simultaneously, although be not specifically described impurity contained in nickel-base alloy of the present invention, but, it should be understood by one skilled in the art that, inevitably be retained in final alloy by the impurity of trace in the manufacturing processed of alloy, these impurity may comprise oxygen, phosphorus or sulphur etc.
The preparation method of the nickel-base alloy applied under being applicable to subcritical water oxidation condition:
Raw material metal chromium, iron, nickel are joined in vacuum induction furnace on request, adds cobalt in a preferred embodiment simultaneously, close stove evacuation, until vacuum tightness is less than 10Pa.Then, start deposite metal with the power power transmission of 30KW, continue ten minutes, then with the power power transmission of 50KW until change clear.Utilize infrared radiation detection apparatus to detect furnace temperature, power to the liquid steel temperature of adjustment fusing is simultaneously stabilized in 1480 DEG C, enters refining period, keeps furnace temperature 10-15 minute at this temperature.In the refining later stage, vacuum tightness should lower than 1Pa.After refining terminates, have a power failure and stop power delivery, carry out lowering the temperature until freeze conjunctiva, in stove, pass into the argon gas of 0.04MPa pressure.In alloying step, power transmission is become civilized, and joins in melt lentamente by titanium, send high-power stirring.Then lower the temperature, add sweetening agent, induction furnace is found time, then pass into argon gas with the pressure of 0.04MPa, and evenly add manganese, copper.After freezing melt, power transmission temperature adjustment is poured into a mould.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by specific embodiment and comparative alloy, in following examples and comparative alloy, the corrosion resistance nature of nickel-base alloy of the present invention is described by the hanging test under varying environment (differing temps, different pH value and different phosphorus acid ion concentrations), and in conjunction with comparative alloy, advantage of the present invention is described.In table 1, examples of alloys 1-7 is the nickel-base alloy of the different components content of same recipe in the present invention, and in table, data are all weight percentage, and " Bal. " uses Ni trim component for representing.
Table 1
| Ni | Cr | Ti | Mn | Cu | Fe | Co | C | Si | |
| Embodiment 1 | Bal. | 22.7 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 8.0 | 0.8 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.2 |
| Embodiment 2 | Bal. | 21.5 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 3.8 | 6.1 | 0.9 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.2 |
| Embodiment 3 | Bal. | 21.0 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 7.0 | 1.0 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.2 |
| Embodiment 4 | Bal. | 23.2 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 4.5 | 7.7 | 0 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.2 |
| Embodiment 5 | Bal. | 24.8 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 5.5 | 0.7 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.2 |
| Embodiment 6 | Bal. | 23.9 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 0 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.2 |
| Embodiment 7 | Bal. | 25.0 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 4.3 | 6.5 | 0.8 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.2 |
Comparative alloy 1
Corrosion-resistant Hastelloy C alloys-276, its component of weight percent comprises:
Chromium: 15.0% ~ 16.5%
Iron: 4.0% ~ 7.0%
Molybdenum: 15.0% ~ 17.0%
Tungsten: 3.0% ~ 4.5%
Vanadium: 0.1% ~ 0.3%
Carbon: < 0.01%
Manganese: < 1.0%
Silicon: < 0.08%
Cobalt: < 2.5%
Phosphorus: < 0.015%
Sulphur: < 0.01%
All the other are base material nickel.
Comparative alloy 2
Nickel-base alloy Inconel625, its component of weight percent comprises:
Chromium: 20% ~ 23%
Molybdenum: 8% ~ 10%
Niobium: 3.15% ~ 4.15%
Iron: < 5%
Aluminium: < 0.4%
Titanium: < 0.4%
Carbon: < 0.1%
Manganese: < 0.5%
Silicon: < 0.5%
Copper: < 0.5%
Phosphorus: < 0.015%
Sulphur: < 0.015%
All the other are base material nickel.
Respectively the nickel-base alloy (ESM-III) in embodiment 1-7 and comparative alloy 1,2 are tested as follows
Experiment 1
At 300 DEG C, 23MPa, and under pH is respectively the condition of 4,5,7, use the coupon test containing 2% hydrogen peroxide (for providing oxygen) and respectively the nickel-base alloy (ESM-III) in embodiment 1,2,3 is carried out 500 hours, wherein, the sodium phosphate (that is, phosphorus acid ion concentration is 0.232g/L) that concentration is 0.4g/L is dissolved with in hydrogen peroxide.Place Inconel-625 and C-276 print simultaneously and be used for contrast.Experimental result is as shown in table 2, and in table 2, data are the material annual erosion rate (mm/yr) of carrying out gained after hanging test, and erosion rate absolute value lower explanation corrosion resistance nature is better.
Table 2
Experimental result shows, in subcritical water oxidation environment, has good anticorrosion effect with alloy phase of the prior art than nickel-base alloy ESM-III of the present invention.Nickel-base alloy ESM-III of the present invention shows excellent corrosion resistance nature in acid subcritical water oxidation environment, in the subcritical water oxidation environment of pH value between 4 to 7, the annual erosion rate of nickel-base alloy of the present invention is all lower than the annual erosion rate of prior art interalloy.
Experiment 2
At 300 DEG C, 23MPa, and pH is under the condition of 5, use the coupon test containing 2% hydrogen peroxide (for providing oxygen) and respectively the nickel-base alloy (ESM-III) in embodiment 2,4 and 5 is carried out 500 hours, wherein, be dissolved with respectively in hydrogen peroxide concentration be 0.2g/L(namely, phosphorus acid ion concentration is 0.116g/L), 0.4g/L(namely, phosphorus acid ion concentration is 0.232g/L) and 0.6g/L(namely, phosphorus acid ion concentration is 0.348g/L) sodium phosphate.Place Inconel-625 and C-276 print simultaneously and be used for contrast.Experimental result is as shown in table 3, and in table 3, data are the material annual erosion rate (mm/yr) of carrying out gained after hanging test, and erosion rate absolute value lower explanation corrosion resistance nature is better.
Table 3
Experimental result shows, in subcritical water oxidation environment, than nickel-base alloy ESM-III of the present invention, there is good anticorrosion effect with alloy phase of the prior art, simultaneously, nickel-base alloy ESM-III of the present invention shows the performance of excellent resistance to phosphate anion corrosion, at phosphorus acid ion concentration in the subcritical water oxidation environment of 0.116g/L to 0.348g/L, the annual erosion rate of nickel-base alloy of the present invention is all lower than the annual erosion rate of prior art interalloy.
Experiment 3
At 23MPa, and pH is under the condition of 5, use the coupon test containing 2% hydrogen peroxide (for providing oxygen) and respectively the nickel-base alloy (ESM-III) in embodiment 2,6 and 7 is carried out 500 hours, wherein, be dissolved with in hydrogen peroxide concentration be 0.4g/L(namely, phosphorus acid ion concentration is 0.232g/L) sodium phosphate.In this experiment, test temperature is respectively 300 DEG C, 330 DEG C and 370 DEG C.Place Inconel-625 and C-276 print simultaneously and be used for contrast.Experimental result is as shown in table 4, and in table 4, data are the material annual erosion rate (mm/yr) of carrying out gained after hanging test, and erosion rate absolute value lower explanation corrosion resistance nature is better.
Table 4
Experimental result shows, in subcritical water oxidation environment, have good anticorrosion effect with alloy phase of the prior art than nickel-base alloy ESM-III of the present invention, meanwhile, nickel-base alloy ESM-III of the present invention shows the performance of excellent resistance to phosphate anion corrosion.For the Subcritical Water Condition of differing temps, the annual erosion rate of nickel-base alloy of the present invention is all lower than the annual erosion rate of prior art interalloy.Although, experiment 3 illustrate only the result of the corrosion resistance experiment carried out in the subcritical water oxidation environment of 300 DEG C to 370 DEG C, but, it should be understood by one skilled in the art that, in environment, the movable Shaoxing opera of the higher particle of temperature is strong, thus stronger to the corrodibility of material.Therefore, nickel-base alloy of the present invention has good corrosion resistance nature equally in the subcritical water oxidation environment of 100 DEG C to 300 DEG C.
Above-mentioned experiment has carried out corrosion resistance test to nickel-base alloy of the present invention under different conditions, experimental result shows, all has good corrosion resistance nature in the environment of nickel-base alloy of the present invention (especially in the subcritical water oxidation environment of 300 DEG C to 370 DEG C), phosphate anion containing different concns under subcritical water oxidation condition, in the environment of different pH value and in the arbitrary combination of above-mentioned environment.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. a nickel-base alloy, comprising:
Chromium, 21%(weight) ~ 25%(weight);
Titanium, 1.2%(weight) ~ 1.9%(weight);
Manganese, 0.7%(weight) ~ 0.9%(weight);
Iron, 5.0%(weight) ~ 8.0%(weight);
Copper, 2.0%(weight) ~ 4.5%(weight);
Base material is nickel.
2. nickel-base alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the content of chromium is 21.5%(weight) ~ 24.8%(weight).
3. nickel-base alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the content of iron is 5.5%(weight) ~ 7.7%(weight).
4. according to the nickel-base alloy described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the content of copper is 2.2%(weight) ~ 4.3%(weight).
5. nickel-base alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described nickel-base alloy also comprises 0.7%(weight) ~ 1.0%(weight) cobalt.
6. nickel-base alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described nickel-base alloy also comprises carbon and/or silicon, and wherein, the content of carbon is less than or equal to 0.05%(weight), the content of silicon is less than or equal to 0.2%(weight).
7. the application of the nickel-base alloy according to any one of claim 1-6 in corrosive environment.
8. the application of nickel-base alloy according to claim 7 in corrosive environment, is characterized in that, described corrosive environment is subcritical water oxidation environment.
9. the application of nickel-base alloy according to claim 8 in corrosive environment, is characterized in that, the pH value of described subcritical water oxidation environment is between 4 to 7.
10. the application of nickel-base alloy according to claim 8 in corrosive environment, is characterized in that, comprises the phosphate anion of concentration between 0.116g/L to 0.348g/L in described subcritical water oxidation environment.
11. application of nickel-base alloy according to claim 8 in corrosive environment, is characterized in that, the temperature of described subcritical water oxidation environment is in the scope of 300 DEG C to 370 DEG C.
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Application publication date: 20150701 |