CN104743979A - Co2-sequestering formed building materials - Google Patents

Co2-sequestering formed building materials Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN104743979A
CN104743979A CN201510113388.0A CN201510113388A CN104743979A CN 104743979 A CN104743979 A CN 104743979A CN 201510113388 A CN201510113388 A CN 201510113388A CN 104743979 A CN104743979 A CN 104743979A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
construction
cut
water
component
carbonate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201510113388.0A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
B.R.康斯坦茨
A.扬斯
T.C.霍兰德
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fortera Corp
Original Assignee
Calera Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Calera Corp filed Critical Calera Corp
Priority claimed from CN200980101136.9A external-priority patent/CN101990523B/en
Publication of CN104743979A publication Critical patent/CN104743979A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

CO2-sequestering formed building materials are provided. The building materials of the invention include a composition comprising a carbonate/bicarbonate component. Additional aspects of the invention include methods of making and using the CO2-sequestering formed building material.

Description

CO 2-cut the shaping material of construction deposited
The application is divisional application, and the application number of female case is 200980101136.9 (international application no PCT/US2009/059135), and the applying date is on September 30th, 2009, and denomination of invention is " CO 2-cut the shaping material of construction deposited ".
Cross reference
According to 35 U.S.C. § 119 (e), the title that this application requires on October 31st, 2008 to submit to is " CO 2-cut the shaping material of construction deposited " the title on February 3rd, No. 61/110489 1 to submit to of U.S. temporary patent application be " CO 2-cut the shaping material of construction deposited " the title on September 25th, No. 61/149610 1 to submit to of U.S. temporary patent application be " CO 2-cut the shaping material of construction deposited " No. 61/246042nd, U.S. temporary patent application and the title of submission on September 30th, 2008 be " CO 2cut and deposit " the rights and interests of No. 61/101631st, U.S. temporary patent application, its each section is incorporated herein by reference.
Background
Carbonic acid gas (CO 2) discharge has been identified as is the major cause of Global warming and Ocean acidification phenomenon.CO 2be the by product of burning and cause problem that is operational, economy and environment.Estimate the CO raised 2atmospheric composition concentration and other greenhouse gases will to promote in air store heat more, cause improving surface temperature and climate change fast.CO 2also interact with ocean, order about pH and be down to 8.0.CO 2monitoring shows Atmospheric CO 2rise to current about 380ppm from about every 280/1000000ths parts (ppm) of the 1950's, and estimate at coming decade more than 400ppm.The impact of climate change may be costliness economically and be harmful in environment.Needs section are deposited (sequestration) CO by the potentially dangerous reducing climate change 2.
General introduction
In some embodiments, the invention provides the method for generation of shaping material of construction (formed building material), the method comprises from divalent cation and comprises CO 2exhaust flow produce CO 2-cut and deposit component (CO 2-sequestering component) and formation comprises CO 2-cut the material of construction depositing component, wherein shaping material of construction comprises 5%-90% (w/w) CO 2-cut and deposit component.In some embodiments, shaping material of construction comprises 5%-75% (w/w) CO 2-cut and deposit component.In some embodiments, shaping material of construction comprises 5%-50% (w/w) CO 2-cut and deposit component.In some embodiments, shaping material of construction comprises 5%-50% (w/w) CO 2-cut and deposit component.The CO of shaping material of construction 2-cut and deposit component and comprise carbonate.In some embodiments, waste vapour stream also comprises NOx, SOx, VOCs, granular substance, mercury, or its combination.Therefore, in some embodiments, CO 2-cut deposit component also comprise by for by carbon dioxide conversion being carbonate condition produce NOx, SOx, VOCs, granular substance, mercury, or its combination joint product.In some embodiments, shaping material of construction has the carbon footprint (carbon footprint) for neutral or negativity.In some embodiments, shaping material of construction has the carbon footprint for neutrality.In some embodiments, shaping material of construction has the carbon footprint for negativity.Water for the formation of shaping material of construction can by CO 2-cut and deposit component and provide.In some embodiments, CO 2-cut and deposit the water for the formation of shaping material of construction that component provides at least 50%.Due to the high-reflectivity of shaping material of construction, shaping material of construction constantly reduces carbon emission by reducing lighting demand.
In some embodiments, present invention provides the shaping material of construction produced by any prior method.In some embodiments, shaping material of construction is brick, prefabricated components, ceramic tile, cement plate, pipeline, crossbeam, pond, post, drywall, fibrocement wall dunnage, panel, soundproof wall or insulating material.
In some embodiments, present invention provides and comprise CO 2-cut the shaping material of construction depositing component, wherein shaping material of construction comprises 5%-90% (w/w) CO 2-cut and deposit component.In some embodiments, shaping material of construction comprises 5%-75% (w/w) CO 2-cut and deposit component.In some embodiments, shaping material of construction comprises 5%-50% (w/w) CO 2-cut and deposit component.In some embodiments, shaping material of construction comprises 5%-50% (w/w) CO 2-cut and deposit component.The CO of material of construction 2-cut and deposit component and comprise carbonate.In some embodiments, CO 2-cut deposit component also comprise from NOx, SOx, VOCs, granular substance, mercury or its combination carbonate joint product.In some embodiments, CO 2-cut and deposit component and also comprise joint product from SOx.In some embodiments, CO 2-cut and deposit component and also comprise joint product from mercury.Shaping material of construction can be brick, prefabricated components, ceramic tile, cement plate, pipeline, crossbeam, pond, post, drywall, fibrocement wall dunnage, panel, soundproof wall or insulating material.In some embodiments, shaping material of construction is brick or prefabricated components.In some embodiments, brick or prefabricated components have the compressive strength of 5-100MPa.In some embodiments, shaping material of construction is ceramic tile.In some embodiments, ceramic tile has the compressive strength of 5-75MPa.In some embodiments, shaping material of construction is panel.In some embodiments, panel has the compressive strength of 10-100MPa.
In some embodiments, present invention provides and comprise CO 2-cut the shaping material of construction depositing component.In some embodiments, CO 2-cut that to deposit component be carbonate cpds composition.In some embodiments, carbonate cpds composition comprises the material from the water precipitation containing alkaline-earth metal.In some embodiments, the water containing alkaline-earth metal comprises the CO deriving from trade effluent 2.In some embodiments, CO 2-cut that to deposit component be cementing component (cementitious component).In some embodiments, shaping material of construction is brick, plate, pipeline, crossbeam, pond, post, drywall, ceramic tile, fiber wall dunnage, panel, soundproof wall or insulating material.
In some embodiments, the present invention also provides the method for production shaping material of construction, and the method comprises and obtains CO 2-cut deposit component and produce comprise CO 2-cut the shaping material of construction depositing component.In some embodiments, CO 2-cut that to deposit component be carbonate cpds composition.In some embodiments, carbonate cpds composition comprises the material from the water precipitation containing alkaline-earth metal.In some embodiments, the water containing alkaline-earth metal comprises the CO deriving from trade effluent 2.In some embodiments, CO 2-cut that to deposit component be cementing component.In some embodiments, shaping material of construction is brick, plate, pipeline, crossbeam, pond, post, drywall, ceramic tile, fiber wall dunnage, panel, soundproof wall or insulating material.
In some embodiments, present invention provides the method for building building slab, the method comprises use and comprises CO 2-cut the shaping material of construction depositing component.In some embodiments, CO 2-cut that to deposit component be carbonate cpds composition.In some embodiments, carbonate cpds composition comprises the material from the water precipitation containing alkaline-earth metal.In some embodiments, the water containing alkaline-earth metal comprises the CO deriving from trade effluent 2.In some embodiments, CO 2-cut that to deposit component be cementing component.In some embodiments, shaping material of construction is brick, plate, pipeline, crossbeam, pond, post, drywall, ceramic tile, fiber wall dunnage, panel, soundproof wall or insulating material.
In some embodiments, present invention provides the method for cutting and depositing carbonic acid gas, the method comprises precipitate C O in the water containing alkaline-earth metal 2-section carbonate cpds the composition deposited also makes and comprises CO 2the shaping material of construction of-section carbonate cpds composition deposited.In some embodiments, the water containing alkaline-earth metal contacts with trade effluent before the precipitation step.
Accompanying drawing
New feature of the present invention is set forth in the dependent claims in detail.The detailed description of the exemplary by referring to the following employing principle of the invention and the following drawings obtain by the better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention:
Fig. 1 provides the CO according to embodiment of the present invention 2-cut the schematic diagram depositing component Production Flow Chart.
Fig. 2 provides X-ray diffraction (" the XRD ") spectrum to the precipitation material produced in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 provides scanning electronic microscope (" the SEM ") image of the precipitation material produced in embodiment 1.
Describe
CO 2-cut and be saved as shape material of construction and be provided.Material of construction of the present invention comprises containing carbonate, supercarbonate, or component (the such as CO of its combination 2-cut and deposit component).Other aspect of the present invention comprises preparation and uses CO 2-cut the method being saved as shape material of construction.
Before describing the present invention in more detail, should be appreciated that and the invention is not restricted to specific embodiments described here, therefore such embodiment can change.Also should be appreciated that term, only for describing the object of specific embodiments, does not intend to be restricted as used herein, because scope of the present invention is only by the restriction of appending claims.Unless otherwise defined, all technology and scientific terminology have the identical meanings usually understood with those skilled in the art as used herein.
When providing the scope of numerical value, should be appreciated that (insert with 1/10th of lower limit unit, the value that is any pointed by other or that insert unless the context clearly indicates) and in described scope is all included in the present invention for each inserted value between the upper limit and lower limit of this scope.These upper limits more among a small circle and lower limit can be included in independently more among a small circle and to be also comprised in described scope in the present invention of the restriction being subject to any concrete eliminating.When described scope comprise in boundary value one or both time, the scope getting rid of any one or both that those comprise in boundary value is also included in the present invention.
Term " about " some scope before numeral can be there is herein.Term " about " be used herein to the precise number after it and this term after close to or the literal support of approximate figure.Determine numerical value whether close to or the approximate numerical value specifically enumerated in, close to or the approximate numerical value do not enumerated can be it and occur within a context providing the numerical value substantially equal with the numerical value specifically enumerated.
The all publications quoted in this manual, patent and patent application are incorporated herein by reference at this, its degree as each section that specifies independent publication, patent or patent application by especially with individually through quote be attached to the same herein.In addition, the publication, patent or patent application that each section is quoted are passed through equally to be attached to herein, with the theme that disclosure and description are relevant with quoted publication.The disclosure that the quoting of any publication should be before its submission date and should not be considered as allowing the present invention described here without permission and in advance in the publication according to existing invention.In addition, the date of publication provided can be different from the actual date of publication, and it can need to be confirmed independently.
It is noted that singulative " ", " one " and " being somebody's turn to do " comprise complex reference, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise as used in this and appended claims.Should point out that claims can be drafted as getting rid of any optional key element further.Therefore, be intended to this statement to be used as to use and the antecedent basis enumerating claim elements or use " negative " and limit relevant this type of exclusive term such as " by oneself ", " only " etc.
Those skilled in the art it is evident that when reading the disclosure, this describe and illustrational each independently embodiment there is various components and feature, it can be easy to separate with any one feature in other the several embodiment not deviating from scope and spirit of the present invention or combine.Any method enumerated can cited event order or implement with other order any possible in logic.Although with those similar or any methods of being equal to described here and material also practice used in the present invention or experiment, only describe representational illustrative methods and material now.
CO 2-cut the shaping material of construction deposited
In some embodiments, the invention provides CO 2-cutting the shaping material of construction deposited, this shaping material of construction comprises and derives from the carbon that mankind institute uses fuel, such as, have the carbon that mineral fuel are originated.Such as, according to the CO of feature of the present invention 2-cut be saved as shape material of construction comprise from fuel combustion with CO 2the carbon of form release.In certain embodiments, carbon (the such as CO deposited is cut in the compositions of the present invention 2-cut the composition deposited) exist with the form of carbonate cpds.Therefore, in certain embodiments, according to the CO of feature of the present invention 2-section shaping the material of construction deposited comprises carbonate cpds, the fuel such as mineral fuel that at least part of carbon source wherein in carbonate cpds uses in the mankind.Therefore, produce shaping material of construction of the present invention to cause CO 2build the form that (placement) is stable storing, the component of such as architectural environment and man-made structures, such as buildings, wall, road etc.Therefore, CO of the present invention is produced 2-section shaping the material of construction deposited causes preventing CO 2gas enters air.
Material of construction of the present invention comprises carbonate/bicarbonate component (CO 2-cut and deposit component).Such component stores the CO of significant quantity with the form of stable storing 2, so that CO 2gas is not easy to produce in producing and discharge in air.In certain embodiments, for the material of construction of the present invention of every 1000 tons, carbonate/bicarbonate component (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) 50 tons or more CO can be stored 2, such as 100 tons or more CO 2, comprise 250 tons or more CO 2, such as 500 tons or more CO 2, such as 750 tons or more CO 2, comprise 900 tons or more CO 2.In certain embodiments, carbonate/bicarbonate component (the such as CO of material of construction 2-cut and deposit component) comprise about 5% or more CO 2, such as about 10% or more CO 2, comprise about 25% or more CO 2, such as about 50% or more CO 2, such as about 75% or more CO 2, comprise about 90% or more CO 2, such as, exist as one or more carbonate cpdss.
Carbonate/bicarbonate component of the present invention (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) one or more carbonate cpdss can be comprised.As by such as coulometry, adopt carbonate/bicarbonate component (the such as CO that the scheme described in coulometric titration measures 2-cut and deposit component) in the amount of carbonate be 40% or higher, such as 70% or higher, comprise 80% or higher.In some embodiments, when Mg source is that mafic minerals is (in No. 12/501217th, the U.S. patent application of submission on July 10th, 2009 and description in No. 61/079790th, the U.S. temporary patent application submitted on July 10th, 2008, its each section is incorporated herein by reference) or ash content (on June 17th, 2009 submit to U.S. application serial no 12/486692 and on June 17th, 2008 submit to U.S. provisional Application Serial Nos 61/073319 in describe, its each section incorporated herein by reference), the product generated can be the composition comprising silica and carbonate.In these embodiments, the carbonate content of product can be low to moderate 10%.
Material of construction of the present invention is with standing storage CO 2mode provide, to make CO 2be cut (namely fixing) deposited in material of construction, wherein cut the CO deposited 2do not become the part of air.When under the normal condition that material of construction remains on its intended purpose, material of construction keeps cutting the CO deposited 2be fixed (such as 1 year or the longer time period extended, 5 years or longer, 10 years or longer, 25 years or longer, 50 years or longer, 100 years or longer, 250 years or longer, 1000 or longer, 10000 or longer, 1000000 years or longer, or even 100000000 years or longer), and significantly discharge CO from material of construction 2(if having any a small amount of release).With regard to CO 2-cut the material of construction deposited, when their purposes predetermined with it and when using in its whole time limit of service, as according to CO 2the degradation amount (fruit has the words of any a small amount of degraded) that gas is measured from product release will be no more than annual 5%, and will be no more than annual 1% in certain embodiments.In fact, when being exposed to temperature and the humidity of normal condition, comprise the rainfall of normal pH, for the purposes that it is predetermined, by CO provided by the invention 2-cut material of construction release its total CO no more than deposited 21%, 5% or 10% at least 1,2,5,10 or 20 year, or more than 20 years, such as, more than 100 years.In some embodiments, when being exposed to temperature and the humidity of normal condition, comprise the rainfall of normal pH, for the purposes that it is predetermined, composition release its total CO no more than 21% at least 1 year.In some embodiments, when being exposed to temperature and the humidity of normal condition, comprise the rainfall of normal pH, for the purposes that it is predetermined, composition release its total CO no more than 25% at least 1 year.In some embodiments, when being exposed to temperature and the humidity of normal condition, comprise the rainfall of normal pH, for its intended purpose, composition release its total CO no more than 210% at least 1 year.In some embodiments, when being exposed to temperature and the humidity of normal condition, comprise the rainfall of normal pH, for its intended purpose, composition release its total CO no more than 21% at least 10 year.In some embodiments, when being exposed to temperature and the humidity of normal condition, comprise the rainfall of normal pH, for its intended purpose, composition release its total CO no more than 21% at least 100 year.In some embodiments, when being exposed to temperature and the humidity of normal condition, comprise the rainfall of normal pH, for its intended purpose, composition release its CO altogether no more than 21% at least 1000 year.
Any suitable surrogate markers thing or test that suitably can predict such stability can be used.Such as, the stability that elevated temperature conditions and/or appropriateness to the accelerated test of more extreme pH condition can suitably show through time expand section is comprised.Such as, depend on the environment of intended purpose and composition, 1,2,5,25,50,100,200 or 500 day can be continued by being exposed under the relative humidity of composition sample between 10%-50% 50,75,90,100,120 or 150 DEG C, and the minimizing of its carbon is less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% or 50%, can think that material of the present invention is in the ample evidence being kept to stability given period (such as 1,10,100,1000 or more than 1000).
The CO of material 2content is monitored by any suitable method (such as coulometry).Time suitable, other condition also can according to anticipation or possible environment and regulating, comprise pH, pressure, UV radiation etc.Any suitable condition showing the necessary stability through the specified time period that can adopt those skilled in the art's legitimate inference should be recognized.In addition, if the chemical knowledge of generally acknowledging shows that composition has necessary stability in the specified time period, except actual measurement or alternative actual measurement, this also can be used.Such as, some carbonate cpdss (such as with given polymorphic forms exist) that can be present composition part can be geology is known and knownly stand normal climate many decades, centuries or even thousands of year, and significantly do not decompose, and therefore there is necessary stability.
As described in more detail below, CO 2-cut the metastable state carbonate cpds that the carbonate cpds depositing component is the solution such as salt water precipitation from divalent cation.Carbonate cpds composition of the present invention comprises crystallization and/or the decolorizing carbon phosphate compounds of precipitation.Significant concrete carbonate mine material includes, but is not limited to: calcium carbonate mineral matter, magnesiumcarbonate mineral substance and miemite mineral substance.Significant calcium carbonate mineral matter includes, but is not limited to: calcite (CaCO 3), aragonite (CaCO 3), veterite (CaCO 3), six water carbide (CaCO 36H 2and amorphous calcium carbonate (CaCO O) 3nH 2o).Significant magnesiumcarbonate mineral substance includes, but is not limited to: magnesia (MgCO 3), nesquehonite (MgCO 32H 2o), nesquehonite (MgCO 33H 2o), five hydromagnesites (lanfordite) (MgCO 35H2O) with amorphous magnesium calcium carbonate (MgCO 3nH 2o).Significant miemite mineral substance includes, but is not limited to rhombspar (CaMgCO 3), huntite (CaMg 3(CO 3) 4) and water carbon magnesium calcium stone (Ca 2mg 11(CO 3) 13h 2o).In certain embodiments, noncarbonate chemical combination image brucite (Mg (OH) 2) also can combine formation with mineral substance listed above.As noted above, the compound of carbonate cpds composition is than metastable state carbonate cpds (and can comprise one or more metastable state hydroxide compound) more stable in fresh water at salt solution, so that when the fresh water into contact with any pH, they can dissolve and the stable compound such as mineral substance again precipitating into other fresh water resembles low Mg calcite.
Carbonate/bicarbonate component of the present invention (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) derive from, such as, from the throw out (as described in more detail below) the aqueous solution of divalent cation.As carbonate/bicarbonate component (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) when precipitating from water, they should comprise one or more components be present in water that they originate.Such as, when the aqueous solution of divalent cation is salt solution, CO 2-cut and deposit product (such as precipitating mineral substance) one or more compounds found in brine source should be comprised.These compound identification come from the solid sediment of the composition of saline source, and wherein these identify that components and amount thereof are generically and collectively referred to as saline source identifier (identifier) at this.Such as, if saline source is seawater, the qualification compound that can be present in sedimentable matter includes, but is not limited to: muriate, sodium, sulphur, potassium, bromide, silicon, strontium etc.Any such Identification of The Origin or " mark " element are usually to exist in a small amount, and such as, with 20000ppm or less amount, such as 2000ppm or less amount exist.In certain embodiments, " mark " compound is strontium, it can be incorporated in such as aragonite lattice and to account for 10000ppm or less, scope is at 3-10000ppm in certain embodiments, such as within the scope of 5-5000ppm, comprise 5-1000ppm, such as 5-500ppm, comprise 5-100ppm.Significant another kind " mark " compound is magnesium, its can at the most 20% mole amount exist with the calcium in alternative carbonate cpds.The saline source identifier of composition can according to changing for generation of the concrete saline source of the carbonate salt composition of brine source.The isotopic label at qualification water source is also significant.
Determine according to concrete material of construction or product, be present in carbonate/bicarbonate component (the such as CO in material of construction 2-cut deposit component) amount can change.In some instances, carbonate/bicarbonate component (the such as CO in material of construction 2-cut deposit component) amount in 5-100% (w/w) scope, such as 5-90% (w/w), comprise 5-75% (w/w), 5-50% (w/w), 5-25% (w/w) and 5-10% (w/w).
Material of construction of the present invention can be considered low-carbon (LC) footprint material of construction.Low-carbon (LC) footprint material of construction with lack carbonate/bicarbonate component (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) corresponding material of construction compare there is the carbon footprint of minimizing.Adopt any footprint calculator of carbon easily, and lack carbonate/bicarbonate component (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) corresponding material of construction compare, the carbon footprint of material of construction of the present invention reduces amplitude and can be 5% or more, such as 10% or more, comprises 25%, 50%, 75% or even 100% or more.In certain embodiments, low-carbon (LC) footprint material of construction of the present invention is neutral carbon, wherein they there is no carbon footprint (if having any a small amount of) as calculated, such as adopt any footprint calculator of carbon easily to measure, described carbon footprint is relevant to involved special building material.Neutral carbon material of construction of the present invention comprises and presents 50 pounds of CO 2/ cubic yard (lbs CO 2/ cu yd) those compositions of material or less carbon footprint, such as 10 pounds of CO 2/ cubic yard material or less, comprises 5 pounds of CO 2/ cubic yard material or less, wherein in certain embodiments, neutral carbon material has 0 or negative value pound CO 2/ cubic yard material, such as negative 1 or more, such as negative 3 or more pounds of CO 2/ cubic yard material.In some embodiments, low-carbon (LC) footprint material has significant negative value carbon footprint, and such as-100 or more pounds of CO 2/ cubic yard or less.
CO of the present invention 2-cut deposit component (namely comprise carbonate, supercarbonate or its combination sedimentable matter) comprise the CO that otherwise should be released into air 2, its major part is caused by burning mineral fuel, and its fuel belongs to plant origin.Therefore, comprise one or more and derive from industrial CO 2the CO of the present invention of carbonate synthesis salt 2-cut deposit component reflect produce industrial CO 2relative carbon isotope composition (the δ of the mineral fuel (such as coal, oil, Sweet natural gas or stack gas) of (coming from fossil-fuel-fired) 13c).With the relative carbon isotope composition (δ that ‰ unit (every thousand (per mille)) represents 13c) value be two kinds of stable isotopes of carbon namely 12c with 13the relative concentration of C is in the measuring of ratio of the belemnite standard of becoming fossilized (i.e. PDB standard).
δ 13c ‰=[( 13c/ 12c sample- 13c/ 12c pDB standard)/( 13c/ 12c pDB standard)] x1000
Therefore, sedimentable matter (the such as CO of carbonate synthesis salt is comprised<sub TranNum="283">2</sub>-cut deposit component) δ<sup TranNum="284">13</sup>c value is used as CO<sub TranNum="285">2</sub>gas source, the CO of especially auto-combustion mineral fuel release<sub TranNum="286">2</sub>footprint.δ<sup TranNum="287">13</sup>c value can change between source and source (namely mineral fuel are originated), but for carbonate/bicarbonate component of the present invention (such as CO<sub TranNum="288">2</sub>-cut deposit component) δ<sup TranNum="289">13</sup>c value is usual, but not necessarily necessary, in-9 ‰ to-35 ‰ scopes.In some embodiments, for the δ of sedimentable matter comprising carbonate synthesis salt<sup TranNum="290">13</sup>c value between-1 ‰ and-50 ‰, between-5 ‰ and-40 ‰, between-5 ‰ and-35 ‰, between-7 ‰ and-40 ‰, between-7 ‰ and-35 ‰, between-9 ‰ and-40 ‰ or between-9 ‰ and-35 ‰.In some implementation plan, to include synthetic carbonate deposits the delta < sup TranNum = "291" > 13 < / sup > C value is less than (that is, the more negative than below) - 3 ‰, 5 ‰ to 6 ‰, 7 ‰, 8 ‰, 9 ‰, 10 ‰, 11 ‰, 12, 13), - 14 ‰, 15 ‰, 16 ‰, - 17 ‰, - 18 per thousand, 20 ‰ - 19 ‰, -, - 21-22 ‰, - 23 per thousand, to 24 per thousand, 25 per thousand, ‰, 27 ‰, 26-28 per thousand, 30 ‰ - 29), -, - 31 ‰, - 32 ‰, - 33 ‰, - 34 ‰, - 35 ‰, - 36 per thousand, 37 per thousand, - 38 per thousand, 39 per thousand, to 40 per thousand, 41 per thousand, - 42 ‰, 43 per thousand, - 44 per thousand, or - 45), including the delta < sup TranNum = "292" > 13 < / sup > C value is negative, contain synthetic carbonate deposits < sup TranNum = "293" > 12 < / sup > C the more rich.Any suitable method can be used for measuring δ<sup TranNum="294">13</sup>c value, method includes, but is not limited to mass spectrum or from axle integration chamber output spectrum (off-axis integrated-cavity outputspectroscopy) (from axle ICOS).
In some embodiments, the invention provides the component comprised containing carbonate or supercarbonate or its combination and (wherein with the carbon of carbonate or bicarbonate form existence, there is the δ being less than-5 ‰<sup TranNum="296">13</sup>c value) shaping material of construction such as ground surface material, brick, prefabricated components, plate (such as cement plate), pipeline, crossbeam, pond, post, fiber wall dunnage product (such as fibrocement wall dunnage), panel, soundproof wall, drywall or insulating material or its combination.In some embodiments, for the δ of shaping material of construction<sup TranNum="297">13</sup>c value between-1 ‰ and-50 ‰, between-5 ‰ and-40 ‰, between-5 ‰ and-35 ‰, between-7 ‰ and-40 ‰, between-7 ‰ and-35 ‰, between-9 ‰ and-40 ‰ or between-9 ‰ and-35 ‰.In some implementation scheme, construction materials for forming the delta < sup TranNum = "298" > 13 < / sup > C value is less than (that is, the more negative than below) - 3 ‰, 5 ‰ to 6 ‰, 7 ‰, 8 ‰, 9 ‰, 10 ‰, 11 ‰, 12, 13), - 14 ‰, 15 ‰, 16 ‰, - 17 ‰, - 18 per thousand, 20 ‰ - 19 ‰, -, - 21-22 ‰, - 23 per thousand, to 24 per thousand, 25 per thousand, ‰, 27 ‰, 26-28 per thousand, 30 ‰ - 29), -, - 31 ‰, - 32 ‰, - 33 ‰, - 34 ‰, - 35 ‰, - 36 per thousand, 37 per thousand, - 38 per thousand, 39 per thousand, to 40 per thousand, 41 per thousand, - 42 ‰, 43 per thousand, - 44 per thousand, or - 45), including the delta < sup TranNum = "299" > 13 < / sup > C value is negative, involve a combination of synthetic carbonate content of < sup TranNum = "300" > 12 < / sup > C the more rich.
Shaping material of construction of the present invention can occur significantly to change, and its shaping material of construction comprises and shaping (such as molding, casting, cutting or alternate manner produce) for having the man-made structures determining physical form and configuration.Shaping material of construction is determined with stable shaped with not having, but the amorphous material of construction (such as powder, paste, slurry etc.) meeting the container such as bag or other container holding it is different.Shaping material of construction of the present invention is also different from irregular or coarse shaped material (such as aggregate, subject form (bulk forms fordiaposal) etc. for layout), and wherein shaping material of construction is according to being convenient to use shaping standards on architectural materials to produce in such as buildings.Shaping material of construction of the present invention can be prepared according to the traditional fabrication scheme for this spline structure, except adopting a certain amount of carbonate/bicarbonate component of the present invention (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) beyond.With carbonate/bicarbonate component (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) alternative component Parts can change, and is 5% weight or more in some cases, comprises 10% weight or more, 25% weight or more, 50% weight or more, 75% weight or more, 90% weight or more, or even 100% weight.In production shaping material of construction, a certain amount of carbonate/bicarbonate component (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) can mix with water and other other component, other other component can include, but is not limited to clay, shale, soft board rock, Calucium Silicate powder, quarry run, portland cement, flyash, slag cement, aggregate (such as blast-furnace slag, bottom ash, gravel, Wingdale, grouan, sand etc.), silica flour and volcanic ash.Exemplary shaping material of construction according to certain embodiments of the present invention has more detailed commentary hereinafter.But the following commentary of shaping material of construction does not limit the present invention and is only provided for further describing CO 2-cut the various exemplary embodiment being saved as shape material of construction.
Trowel used for plastering formula component is the shaping material of construction for constructing load-bearing and the nonload bearing element usually adopting mortar, grout etc. to assemble.Exemplary trowel used for plastering formula component of the present invention comprises brick, prefabricated components and ceramic tile.Brick of the present invention and prefabricated components are the polygonal structures with linear dimension.Brick of the present invention is not more than the trowel used for plastering formula component of 337.5x 225x 112.5 (length x width x height) size (mm) for having.Any assembly with size (mm) between 337.5x 225x 112.5-2000x 1000x 500 (length x width x height) is called " brick ".There is the structural unit being greater than 2000x1000x 500 (length x width x height) size (mm) be called " panel ".Ceramic tile refers to have the size identical with brick or prefabricated components, but can have significant change in shape, can not be the trowel used for plastering formula component of Polygons (the roof porcelain watt of such as villa garden style).
Be brick by the trowel used for plastering formula component of a type provided by the invention, it refers to for masonry structure, usually adopts the material structure assembly that mortar is paved.Brick of the present invention is not more than the trowel used for plastering formula component of 337.5x 225x 112.5 (length x width x height) size (mm) for having.In some embodiments, brick can have the length within the scope of 175-300mm, such as 200-250mm, comprises 200-230mm; Width within the scope of 75-150mm, such as 100-120mm, comprise 100-110mm; Height within the scope of 50-90mm, such as 50-80mm, comprise 55-75mm.Brick of the present invention can change and can be solid, cellular, perforation, frog or hollow in grade, classification, color, structure, size, weight.Brick of the present invention can include, but is not limited to building brick, furring brick, heavy-load bearing brick, engineering brick, thin facing tile, paving brick, glazed brick, refractory brick (firebox brick), resistance to chemical attack brick, waste pipe and inspection chamber brick (manhole brick), industrial floor tile etc.Brick also can frost resistance (namely freeze proof, moderate is freeze proof or non-freeze proof) in change, this relates in the wearing quality being exposed to brick under the condition freezed and thaw that water can cause different levels.Freeze proof brick is exposed to water constant and freeze and be durable under the condition of thawing.The freeze proof brick of moderate is being exposed to water once in a while and is freezing and be durable under the condition of thawing.Non-freeze proof brick is being exposed to water and is freezing and be short-life under the condition of thawing.These bricks are only suitable for inner to use and through freezing and thaw to be easy to damage, unless protected through impermeable tectum in construction period.Brick of the present invention also can change in dissolved salt content (i.e. low or normal contents).The mass percent with soluble ion in the brick of low dissolved salt content is no more than 0.03% magnesium, 0.03% potassium, 0.03% sodium and 0.5% vitriol.The mass percent total with soluble ion in the brick of normal-salt content is no more than the magnesium of 0.25%, potassium and sodium and sulphate content is no more than 1.6%.Brick of the present invention can noticeable change in physical and mechanical property.In some cases, the compressive strength of brick of the present invention in 5-100 megapascal (MPa) (MPa) scope, can comprise 20-40MPa.The flexural strength of brick of the present invention can change within the scope of 0.5-10MPa, comprises 2-7MPa, such as 2-5MPa.The maximum water-intake rate of brick of the present invention can change within the scope of 5-25%, comprises 10-15%.Brick of the present invention also can owing to experiencing moisture movement (expand or shrink) to the moisture absorption of its environment or minimizing.In some cases, the dimensional stability (i.e. linear shrinkage or unit elongation) caused due to moisture movement can change within the scope of 0.001-0.2%, comprises 0.05-0.1%.In some embodiments, brick of the present invention can be used for paving the way.Abrasion resistance index within the scope of 0.1-0.5 can be had for laying the brick being exposed to heavy traffic (such as pedestrian, vehicle etc.) region, comprising 0.2-0.4, such as 0.3.In addition, brick of the present invention can have 1.0-4.0cm 3/ cm 2volume worn in scope, comprises 1.5-2.5cm 3/ cm 2, such as 2.0cm 3/ cm 2.CO of the present invention 2-cut deposit (sequestering) building material compositions can be molded, extrude or moulding (sculpted) for the shape that requires and size are to form brick.Then make shaping composition dries and through hydraulic pressure, autoclave or in scope between 900-1200 DEG C, such as 900-1100 DEG C and fire further sclerosis in stove under comprising the temperature of 1000 DEG C.
Be brick (such as concrete, cement, ground etc.) by the trowel used for plastering formula component of another kind of type provided by the invention.Prefabricated components are different from brick based on its scantlings of the structure.Specifically, prefabricated components are greater than the size (mm) of 337.5x 225x 112.5 (length x width x height).Prefabricated components of the present invention can change and can be solid, cellular and hollow in color, structure, size and weight, or adopt insulating material (polystyrene foam such as expanded) in the void volume of prefabricated components.Prefabricated components of the present invention can be load-bearing, non-bearing or facing (namely ornamental) prefabricated components.In some embodiments, prefabricated components can have 300-500mm, such as, length within the scope of 350-450mm, 150-250mm, such as, width within the scope of 180-215mm and 100-250mm, such as, height within the scope of 150-200mm.Prefabricated components of the present invention also can change in face-piece thickness.In some cases, prefabricated components can have within the scope of 15-40mm, comprise 20-30mm, the face-piece thickness of such as 25mm.Prefabricated components also can change in web thickness.In some embodiments, prefabricated components can have within the scope of 15-30mm, comprise 15-25mm, the web thickness of such as 20mm.Prefabricated components of the present invention can noticeable change in physical and mechanical property.In some cases, the compressive strength of prefabricated components of the present invention can change within the scope of 5-100MPa, comprises 15-75MPa, such as 20-40MPa.The flexural strength of prefabricated components of the present invention also can change within the scope of 0.5-15MPa, comprises 2-10MPa, such as 4-6MPa.The maximum water-intake rate of prefabricated components of the present invention can change in 7-20% weight range, comprises 8-15%, such as 9-11%.Prefabricated components of the present invention also can owing to experiencing moisture movement (expand or shrink) to the moisture absorption of its environment or minimizing.Prefabricated components of the present invention can be I type humidity controlling unit or the non-humidity controlling unit of II type.In some cases, the dimensional stability (i.e. linear shrinkage) of prefabricated components of the present invention can be complied with the geographical position of its intended purpose and/or use and at 0.02-0.15%, such as, change within the scope of 0.03-0.05%.CO of the present invention 2-cut and deposit building material compositions and can be molded, extrude or be shaped to the shape of requirement and size to form prefabricated components.The composition be shaped can through roller compaction, hydraulic pressure, vibrating compacting or resonance shock compaction by further compacting.In some cases, the composition generated also before formation or can adopt when composition is shaped to form lightweight concrete prefabricated components machinery or chemical process to introduce gas and make to spume.Composition is solidified further in the environment of control temperature and humidity.
Be ceramic tile by the material of construction of another kind of type provided by the invention.Ceramic tile of the present invention refers to usually to use and for the non-bearing material of construction of the outside of laying business and housing structure and internal ground at roofing.Some examples of ceramic tile of the present invention wherein can be used to include, but is not limited to the roofing of business and residential housing, ornamental garden, bathroom, sauna, kitchen, building entrance hall, highway, groove deck, porch, overline bridge, walkway etc.The geographical position that ceramic tile can use according to its intended purpose and/or intend and take various ways and change in shape, size, weight, and can be solid, netted (webbed), cellular or hollow.Ceramic tile of the present invention can change in size, and such as, length within the scope of 100-1000mm, comprises 250-500mm, such as 250-300mm; Width within the scope of 50-1000mm, comprises 100-250mm, such as 125-175mm; And the thickness within the scope of 10-30mm, comprise 15-25mm, such as 15-20mm.In some cases, the compressive strength of ceramic tile of the present invention also can change within the scope of 5-75MPa, comprises 15-40MPa, such as 25MPa.The flexural strength of ceramic tile of the present invention can change within the scope of 0.5-7.5MPa, comprises 2-5MPa, such as 2.5MPa.In some cases, the maximum water-intake rate of ceramic tile of the present invention also at 5-15%, can comprise within the scope of 7-12% and changing.Ceramic tile of the present invention also can owing to experiencing moisture movement (expand or shrink) to the moisture absorption of its environment or minimizing.In some cases, the dimensional stability (i.e. linear shrinkage or unit elongation) caused due to moisture movement can change within the scope of 0.001-0.25%, comprises 0.025-0.075%, such as 0.05%.Can the abrasion resistance index of noticeable change within the scope of 0.1-0.5 for laying that the ceramic tile being exposed to heavy traffic (such as pedestrian, vehicle etc.) region can have, comprise 0.25.In addition, ceramic tile can have 1.0-4.0cm 3/ cm 2volume worn in scope, comprises 1.5-3.0cm 3/ cm 2, such as 2.7cm 3/ cm 2.Ceramic tile can be Polygons, circle or takes any shape that other requires.Therefore, CO of the present invention 2-cut and deposit building material compositions and can be molded or casting is tile shape and the size of requirement.The composition be shaped can through roller compaction, hydraulic pressure, vibrating compacting or resonance shock compaction by further compacting.The composition generated also can be typically cast onto as sheet material or cylinder, and it can be used for being formed the sheet material with required thickness.Then sheet material is cut into the ceramic tile of desired size.In some cases, the composition generated also before formation or can adopt when composition is shaped to form light weight ceramic tile machinery or chemical process to introduce gas and make to spume.Then make the composition of shaping formalize and solidify further in the environment of control temperature and humidity.Ceramic tile can polishing further, painted, textured, sandblast cleaning (shot blasted), boudle component etc.
Building panelling (construction panels) is for the shaping material of construction referring broadly to any non bearing structure parts, and the feature of described structure unit is that its length and width are obviously greater than its thickness.Exemplary building panelling of the present invention comprises cement plate, fibrocement wall dunnage and drywall.Building panelling be have that according to its intended purpose size occurs can the polygonized structure of wide variation.The dimensions length of building panelling within the scope of 50-500cm, can comprise 100-300cm, such as 250cm; Width, within the scope of 25-200cm, comprises 75-150cm, such as 100cm; Thickness, within the scope of 5-25mm, comprises 7-20mm, comprises 10-15mm.Cement plate comprises building panelling prepared by the combination routine as cement and glass fibre and has other fibre glass reinforcement at two masks of plate.Fibrocement wall dunnage comprises the building panelling as the combination routine preparation of cement, aggregate, crossed fiber element and/or macromolecular fibre and has the xyloid structure of class with flexible.Drywall comprises the building panelling from gypsum plaster (i.e. the calcium sulfate of half hydrated form), the preparation of fiber (glass or paper) routine and is sandwiched between two panels cladding material such as paper or glass fibre pad.
Be cement plate by the building panelling of a type provided by the invention.They are shaping material of construction, wherein be used as the backing plate of ceramic that can use at bathroom tile, kitchen cabinet, splashproof wall (backslashes) etc. in some embodiments below and the length that can have within the scope of 100-200cm, such as 125-175cm, such as 150-160cm; Width within the scope of 75-100cm, such as 80-100cm, such as, thickness within the scope of 90-95cm and 5-25mm, such as 5-15mm, comprise 5-10mm.Cement plate of the present invention can change in physical and mechanical property.In some embodiments, flexural strength can change in the scope between 1-7.5MPa, comprises 2-6MPa, such as 5MPa.Compressive strength also can change within the scope of 5-50MPa, comprises 10-30MPa, such as 15-20MPa.In some embodiments of the present invention, cement plate can be used for the environment (such as business sauna) being exposed to moisture on a large scale.The maximum water-intake rate of cement plate of the present invention can change in 5-15% weight range, comprises 8-10%, such as 9%.Cement plate of the present invention also can owing to experiencing moisture movement (expand or shrink) to the moisture absorption of its environment or minimizing.In some cases, the dimensional stability (i.e. linear shrinkage or unit elongation) caused due to moisture movement can change within the scope of 0.035-0.1%, comprises 0.04-0.08%, such as 0.05-0.06%.CO of the present invention 2-cut and deposit construction composition and can be used for the shape of production requirement and size to form cement plate.In addition, can add multiple other component in cement plate, it includes, but is not limited to softening agent, pore forming material, accelerator, retarding agent and aerating additive.Then by CO 2-cut and deposit building material compositions and be poured in the plate material forming mould of sheet material or cylinder that can be used for forming desired thickness.The composition be shaped can through roller compaction, hydraulic pressure, vibrating compacting or resonance shock compaction by further compacting.Then sheet material is cut into the cement plate of desired size.In some cases, the composition generated also before formation or can adopt when composition is shaped to form light weight cement plate machinery or chemical process to introduce gas and make to spume.Then make the composition of shaping formalize and solidified further in the environment of control temperature and humidity.Then cement plate of the present invention can cover at the two sides glass fiber mats of plate.When needed, cement plate of the present invention also can adopt chemical adulterant to prepare so that they are to fire, water with freezingly have the resistance of increase and have resistance to the damage that biological degradation and corrosion cause.The fiberglass combination that cement plate of the present invention also such as can disperse with component, the latter can give the wearing quality of improvement, the flexural strength of increase and more level and smooth surface.
The building panelling of another kind of type provided by the invention is fibrocement wall dunnage.Fibrocement wall dunnage of the present invention is shaping material of construction for the outside of covering building or roofing, and includes, but is not limited to building panel, coffer, top ceiling, asbestos cement plate etc.Also can find that they are used as the Wooden decoration board (timber fascias) of high conflagration area and the substitute of fascia (barge boards).Fibrocement wall dunnage can have length to be changed within the scope of 200-400cm, and such as 250cm and width change within the scope of 50-150cm, and such as 100cm and thickness change within the scope of 4-20mm, such as 5-15mm, comprise the size of 10mm.Fibrocement wall dunnage of the present invention can have a vicissitudinous physical and mechanical property.In some embodiments, flexural strength in the scope between 0.5-5MPa, can comprise 1-3MPa, such as 2MPa.In some cases, compressive strength also can change within the scope of 2-25MPa, comprises 10-15MPa, such as 10-12MPa.In some embodiments of the present invention, fibrocement wall dunnage can be used for standing on the buildings of change weather condition, is under the weather condition in extreme drying-moistening (i.e. low-high-caliber humidity) scope in some embodiments.Therefore, the maximum water-intake rate of fibrocement wall dunnage of the present invention can change in the scope of 10-25% quality, comprises 10-20%, such as 12-15%.In some cases, the dimensional stability (i.e. linear shrinkage or unit elongation) caused due to moisture movement can change within the scope of 0.05-0.1%, comprises 0.07-0.09%.CO of the present invention 2-cut deposit construction composition can be used for produce require shape and size to form fibrocement wall dunnage.In addition, can add multiple other component in fibrocement wall dunnage, it includes, but is not limited to: cellulosic fibre, softening agent, pore forming material, accelerator, retarding agent and aerating additive.Then by CO 2-cut and deposit building material compositions and be poured into for the formation of in the plate material forming mould of the sheet material with required thickness or cylinder.The composition be shaped can through roller compaction, hydraulic pressure, vibrating compacting or resonance shock compaction by further compacting.Then sheet material is cut into the fibrocement wall dunnage of desired size.In some cases, the composition generated also before formation or can adopt when composition is shaped to form light weight fibre cement wall dunnage machinery or chemical process to introduce gas and make to spume.Then make the composition of shaping formalize and solidified further in the environment of control temperature and humidity.Then fibrocement wall dunnage polymeric film of the present invention, enamel or coating cover.When needed, fibrocement wall dunnage of the present invention also can adopt chemical adulterant to prepare, so that they are to fire, water with freezingly have the resistance of increase and have resistance to the damage that biological degradation and corrosion cause.
Be drywall by the building panelling of another type provided by the invention.The material of construction of the last structure (finish construction) for interior wall and ceiling structure that term drywall refers to usually to make.In some cases, drywall material of construction is the panelling prepared by the paper gasket covered around inner core.The inner core of drywall of the present invention should comprise at least a certain amount of carbonate/bicarbonate component of the present invention (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component).In some cases, the dimensions length of drywall material of construction of the present invention can change within the scope of 100-200cm, such as 125-175cm, such as 150-160cm; Width can change within the scope of 75-100cm, such as 80-100cm, such as 90-95cm, and thickness can change within the scope of 5-50mm, and such as 5-30mm, comprises 10-25mm.The physical and mechanical property of noticeable change can be had by drywall provided by the invention, and can be depending on carbonate cpds composition (such as CO 2-cut and deposit composition) amount of the conventional constituents of alternative drywall goods.Usually be greater than by the flexure of drywall provided by the invention and compressive strength the conventional dry wall prepared with gypsum plaster, known the latter is soft material of construction.In some embodiments, flexural strength within the scope of 0.1-3MPa, can comprise 0.5-2MPa, such as 1.5MPa.In some cases, compressive strength also can change within the scope of 1-20MPa, comprises 5-15MPa, such as 8-10MPa.The maximum water-intake rate of drywall of the present invention can change in the scope of 2-10% quality, comprises 4-8%, such as 5%.In certain embodiments, inner core should with main from gypsum plaster (half hydrated form (CaSO of calcium sulfate 41/2H 2o)) prepare, and at least partially gypsum component by carbonate/bicarbonate component (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) alternative conventional dry wall is similar.In addition, inner core can comprise multiple other component, such as (but being not limited to): fiber (as paper and/or glass fibre), softening agent, pore forming material, accelerator such as potash, retarding agent such as EDTA or other sequestrant, the multiple additives increasing antifungal and resistivity against fire (such as glass fibre or vermiculite) and water.With carbonate/bicarbonate component (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) alternative component Parts can change and be 5% weight or more in some cases, comprises 10% weight or more, 25% weight or more, 50% weight or more, 75% weight or more, 90% weight or more, or even 100% weight.In production drywall, each interior core component can combine and the composition generated is sandwiched between two panels cladding material such as heavy paper or glass fiber mats.When inner core is fixed and be dry in large kiln, sandwich material becomes hard and firm, is enough to be used as material of construction.
Be pipeline by another kind of material of construction provided by the invention.Pipeline is be shaped as gas or liquid to be delivered to pipeline or the similar structures in another place from the three unities.Pipeline of the present invention can comprise any one in many different structures for transporting liquid or gas, includes, but is not limited to conduit, water drain, box-drain tube stub, drainage pipeline and water port (portals), intake structure, intake tower, groove, sluice structure etc.Pipeline of the present invention can noticeable change in shape, and it is determined by the Hydraulic Design and mounting condition usually.The shape of inventive pipeline can include, but is not limited to circle, rectangle, ellipse, the shape of a hoof, square etc.The pipeline of multiple-unit shape (Multiple cell configurations) is also possible.Piping design can change according to its intended purpose.Therefore, pipeline of the present invention can have the size of noticeable change.Pipeline can have length in 5-500cm or longer scope, such as 10-300cm, the external diameter of such as 25-250cm.Wall thickness can noticeable change, in some cases, in 0.5-25cm or thicker scope, and such as 1-15cm, such as 1-10cm.In certain embodiments, pipeline of the present invention can be designed to support in the height from current in pipeline and press.In other other embodiment, pipeline of the present invention can be designed to support high external load (such as native load, surperficial surcharge load, car load, external hydrostatic water pressure power etc.).Therefore, in some cases, the compressive strength of tube wall of the present invention also can according to duct size and intended purpose at 5-75MPa, such as 10-50MPa, such as, changes within the scope of 15-40MPa.When needed, pipeline can use together with multiple coating or backing layer (such as polymkeric substance), and can be shaped to be easy to be interconnected the long distance delivery structure producing multitube of the present invention composition.In production inventive pipeline, CO 2-cut deposit building material compositions be poured in mould with is formed requirement pipe shape and size.Composition formed thereby can through roller compaction, hydraulic pressure, vibrating compacting or resonance shock compaction by further compacting.In some cases, the composition generated also before formation or can adopt when composition is shaped to form light weight pipeline configuration machinery or chemical process to introduce gas and make to spume.Composition formed thereby is formalized further and is solidified in the environment of control temperature and humidity.In addition, pipeline of the present invention can comprise multiple other component, such as (but being not limited to): softening agent, pore forming material, accelerator, retarding agent and aerating additive.When needed, other component can comprise chemical adulterant to make inventive pipeline to by biological degradation, freezing, water, fire with corrode the resistance that the damage caused has increase.In some embodiments, inventive pipeline can use cable, line and the net that structural support component such as (but being not limited to) is made up of steel, macromolecular material, ductile iron, aluminium or plastics.
Be pond by another kind of material of construction provided by the invention.Term pond can comprise any shaped container for contain fluid such as water.Therefore, pond can include, but is not limited to structure example such as well, collection box, sanitary inspection hole (sanitary manholes), septic tank, water leg, trap for oil/separator, storm sewer and collect water reservoir etc.Pond can change in shape, size and capacity.Pond can be rectangle, circle, other shape spherical or any according to its intended purpose.In some embodiments, pond can have the width larger than the degree of depth, seems less for bottom.The size in pond can change according to the intended purpose of described structure (such as from hold a few gallons of fluid to hundreds of or several thousand or more add the liquid of logical sequence).Wall thickness can noticeable change, in some cases, in 0.5-25cm or thicker scope, and such as 1-15cm, such as 1-10cm.Therefore, compressive strength also can the noticeable change according to pond size and intended purpose, under certain situation, within the scope of 5-60MPa, and such as 10-50MPa, such as 15-40MPa.In some embodiments, pond can be designed to the high outer load (such as native load, surperficial surcharge load, car load etc.) of supporting.At some in other embodiment, pond can use together with multiple coating or backing layer (such as polymkeric substance), and can be shaped so that it is combined with transfer unit (such as water shoot).In other embodiment, pond of the present invention can be connected to other pond by being shaped like this to make it, so that they can form the pond series of connection.In the production in pond of the present invention, CO 2-cut deposit building material compositions can be poured in mould with is formed requirement pond shape and size.Composition formed thereby can through roller compaction, hydraulic pressure, vibrating compacting or resonance shock compaction by further compacting.Pond is also by being poured in sheet die preparation and pond is assembled further by sheet combination is formed the pond (such as Polygons pond, parallelogram pond etc.) with varying dimensions together by composition.In some cases, the composition generated also before formation or can adopt when composition is shaped to form light weight pool construction machinery or chemical process to introduce gas and make to spume.Composition formed thereby is formalized further and is solidified in the environment of control temperature and humidity.In addition, pond of the present invention can comprise multiple other component, such as (but being not limited to): softening agent, pore forming material, accelerator, retarding agent and aerating additive.When needed, other component can comprise chemical adulterant, to make pond of the present invention to by biological degradation, freezing, water, fire with corrode the resistance that the damage caused has increase.In some embodiments, pond of the present invention can use cable, line and the net that structural support component such as (but being not limited to) is made up of steel, macromolecular material, ductile iron, aluminium or plastics.
Be crossbeam by another kind of material of construction provided by the invention, it refers to the Horizontal load-bearing structure with large flexure and compressive strength in a broad sense.Crossbeam can be rectangular ten font, C-groove, L-section edges crossbeam, I-crossbeam, beam for exterior wall, H-crossbeam, has reverse T-shape design etc.Crossbeam of the present invention also can be Horizontal load-bearing transverse beam assembly, and it includes, but is not limited to bracket, lintel, archway and socle girder.Crossbeam has the length more much longer than its longest sectional dimension usually, and its middle cross beam length can be 5 times of the longest sectional dimension or longer, 10 times or longer, 25 times or longer.Crossbeam of the present invention can change in its machinery and physicals.Such as, mass concrete beam can have the flexural capacity changed within the scope of 2-25MPa, comprises 5-15MPa, such as 7-12MPa, and the compressive strength within the scope of 10-75MPa, comprises 20-60MPa, such as 40MPa.Architectural reinforced beam of the present invention can have flexural capacity obviously larger within the scope of 15-75MPa, comprise and resemble 25-50MPa, such as 30-40MPa, and the compressive strength within the scope of 35-150MPa, comprise 50-125MPa, such as 75-100MPa.Crossbeam of the present invention can be internals or outer member, and can be symmetric load or asymmtric load.In some embodiments, crossbeam can be composite structure (composite), and wherein it works by causing suitable interface shearing mechanism and other structure unit to combine.In other embodiments, crossbeam can be non-composite structure, and wherein it only used the performance of basic crossbeam.In the production of crossbeam of the present invention, CO 2-cut and deposit building material compositions and can be poured in crossbeam mould or around the casting of relevant steel buttress bracing struts structure (such as reinforcing bar).In some embodiments, reinforcing bar was obtaining preliminary draft before Steel Structure casting composition.In other embodiments, crossbeam of the present invention can with the Framework Of Steel Reinforcement structure casting be mechanically anchored in beams of concrete.Crossbeam of the present invention also can use other structural support component, cable, line and net that such as (but being not limited to) is made up of steel, ductile iron, macromolecular fibre, aluminium or plastics.Structural support component can become parallel, vertical with the load of carrying or use with some other angles.The composition of institute's molding or casting can through roller compaction, hydraulic pressure, vibrating compacting or resonance shock compaction by further compacting.Composition is formalized further and is solidified in the environment of control temperature and humidity.In addition, crossbeam of the present invention can comprise multiple other component, such as (but being not limited to): softening agent, pore forming material, accelerator, retarding agent and aerating additive.When needed, other component can comprise chemical adulterant, to make crossbeam of the present invention to by biological degradation, freezing, water, fire with corrode the resistance that the damage caused has increase.
Be post by another kind of material of construction provided by the invention, it refers in a broad sense mainly through axial compression contracting bearing load and comprises the vertical load larrying member of structure unit such as compression member.Other vertical compression member of the present invention can include, but is not limited to column, pier, bearing or pillar.Post of the present invention can be rigidity, plumb post, is made up of relatively few number of packages.Post also can be have cylindrical or Polygons, level and smooth or have groove line, taper or d-axis, there is column cap and usually there is base, and the ornamental pillar of other configuration.The column cap of post and base have and post similar shape or can be different.Any combination of shapes of post upper column head and base is possible.Polygons post of the present invention has the width of no more than its thickness 4 times.Post of the present invention can be constructed like this, with make they be solid, hollow (such as ornamental pillar), strengthen fill or its any combination.Post of the present invention can be short column (namely wherein the post that determined by the geometrical shape forming component and cross section thereof of intensity) or colonnette (namely sectional dimension is less than 5 times of its length).Post size can great changes will take place according to the intended purpose of structure, such as, from being less than single floor height to several floor height or higher, and there is corresponding width.Post of the present invention can change in its machinery and physicals.Performance is such as compressed and can be changed according to the design of post and intended purpose with flexural strength.Such as, mass concrete post can have the flexural strength within the scope of 2-20MPa, comprises 5-15MPa, such as 7-12MPa, and the compressive strength within the scope of 10-100MPa, comprises 25-75MPa, such as 50MPa.Architectural reinforced column of the present invention can have flexural strength significantly larger within the scope of 15-50MPa, comprises 20-40MPa, such as 25-35MPa, and the compressive strength within the scope of 25-200MPa, comprises 50-150MPa, such as 75-125MPa.In some embodiments, post can be composite structure, and wherein it works by causing interface shearing mechanism and other structure unit to combine.In other embodiments, post can be non-composite structure, and wherein it only used the performance of basic post.In production post of the present invention, CO 2-cut deposit building material compositions can be typically cast onto post shape or around the casting of relevant steel arrangement of reinforcement post (reinforcing column) structure (such as reinforcing bar).In some embodiments, reinforcing bar was obtaining preliminary draft before Steel Structure casting composition.In other embodiments, post of the present invention can with the Framework Of Steel Reinforcement structure casting be mechanically anchored in concrete column.Post of the present invention also can use other structural support component, cable, line and net that such as (but being not limited to) is made up of steel, ductile iron, macromolecular fibre, aluminium or plastics.Structural support component can become parallel, vertical with the load of carrying or use with some other angles.The composition of institute's molding or casting can through roller compaction, hydraulic pressure, vibrating compacting or resonance shock compaction by further compacting.Composition is formalized further and is solidified in the environment of control temperature and humidity.In addition, post of the present invention can comprise multiple other component, such as (but being not limited to): softening agent, pore forming material, accelerator, retarding agent and aerating additive.When needed, these other components can comprise chemical adulterant, to make post of the present invention to by biological degradation, freezing, water, fire with corrode the resistance that the damage caused has increase.
Be concrete slab (concreteslab) by another kind of material of construction provided by the invention.Concrete slab is those material of construction for constructing prefabricated ground (foundations), floor and wall mosaic plate.In some cases, concrete slab can be used as floor component (such as hollow plate parts or four-way design).In other cases, Pre-cast concrete panel can be the hollow pre-cast sheet material of the ground as in situ concrete engineering.Wall mosaic plate in a broad sense for Polygons building vertical supporting member and the width had more than its thickness 4 times.Pre-cast concrete ground, floor and wall mosaic plate can have significant change dimensionally according to the intended purpose of Pre-cast concrete panel (such as one or two-layer buildings).Therefore, Pre-cast concrete panel can have length within the scope of 1-10m or longer size, comprises 3-8m, such as 5-6m; Within the scope of 1-10m or higher height, comprise 4-10m, such as 4-5m; With within the scope of 0.005-0.25m or thicker thickness, 0.1-0.2m can be comprised, such as 0.1-0.15m.Shaping material of construction of the present invention such as panel (slab) and the structural part that makes thus is comparable does not have carbonate/bicarbonate component of the present invention (such as CO 2-cut deposit component) corresponding construction thicker.In addition, by comprising carbonate/bicarbonate component of the present invention (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) the structural part that makes of amorphous material of construction comparablely there is no carbonate/bicarbonate component (such as CO 2-cut deposit component) corresponding construction part thicker.The thickness of such increase and carbonate/bicarbonate component (the such as CO of increase 2-cut and deposit component) content is directly related.In some embodiments, the thickness of shaping material of construction or dependency structure increases by 1.5 times or more, 2 times or more or 5 times or more.Concrete slab of the present invention can the change in its machinery and physicals according to its intended purpose.Such as, the precoated plate for floor component can have the flexural strength larger than the plate being used as bearing wall and less compressive strength.Such as, mass concrete panel can have the flexural strength changed within the scope of 2-25MPa, comprises 5-15MPa, such as 7-12MPa, and the compressive strength changed within the scope of 10-100MPa, comprises 25-75MPa, such as 50MPa.Architectural Steel Concrete panel of the present invention can have flexural strength significantly larger within the scope of 15-50MPa, comprises 20-40MPa, such as 25-35MPa, and compressive strength large within the scope of 25-200MPa, comprises 50-150MPa, such as 75-125MPa.In production concrete slab of the present invention, CO 2-cut and deposit building material compositions and can be poured in board mold or around the casting of relevant steel reinforcement structure (such as reinforcing bar).In some embodiments, reinforcing bar was obtaining preliminary draft before Steel Structure casting composition.In other embodiments, panel of the present invention can with the Framework Of Steel Reinforcement structure casting be mechanically anchored in concrete slab.In some embodiments, second supporting concrete layer that concrete slab of the present invention is mechanically anchored in the concrete slab of pre-cast in advance by casting improves its structural capacity.Panel of the present invention also can use other structural support component, cable, line and net that such as (but being not limited to) is made up of steel, ductile iron, macromolecular fibre, aluminium or plastics.Structural support component can become parallel, vertical with the load of carrying or use with some other angles.The composition of institute's molding or casting can through roller compaction, hydraulic pressure, vibrating compacting or resonance shock compaction by further compacting.Composition is formalized further and is solidified in the environment of control temperature and humidity.In addition, panel of the present invention can comprise multiple other component, such as (but being not limited to): softening agent, pore forming material, accelerator, retarding agent and aerating additive.When needed, other component can comprise chemical adulterant, to make panel of the present invention to by biological degradation, freezing, water, fire with corrode the resistance that the damage caused has increase.
Be soundproof wall by another kind of material of construction provided by the invention, it refers to the structure of barrier as weakening or absorb sound.Therefore, soundproof wall can include, but is not limited to the structure of such as acoustic panel, reflecting wall, absorption wall (absorptive barriers), reactive wall (reactive barriers) etc.Soundproof wall of the present invention extensively can change in size and shape.Soundproof wall can be Polygons, circle or other shape any according to its intended purpose.Soundproof wall can be used for weakening the sound from highway, road, bridge, factory, power station, loading platform, public transport stop, military applications, firearms target range, comprehensive housing group (housing complexes), public place of entertainment (such as stadium, music hall) etc.Soundproof wall also can be used for the inner sound insulation such as family, music studio, kino, classroom.The size of soundproof wall of the present invention can vary widely according to its intended purpose, its size range is the length of 0.5-10m or longer, the height/width or wider of such as 5m and 0.1-10m, the thickness or thicker of such as 5m and 10-100cm, such as 25-50cm, comprises 40cm.When needed, soundproof wall can use together with multiple coating or backing layer (such as polymkeric substance) and can be shaped to be easy to each other or and the column of the other soundproof wall in interval be connected, to produce the long sound insulating wall structure be made up of multiple soundproof wall of the present invention.In some embodiments, soundproof wall of the present invention, except structure deep framing, also can use sound absorbent material (such as wood chip, textile fibres, glass wool, asbestos, polymeric foam, vermiculite etc.).In some embodiments, soundproof wall of the present invention can be used as the noise reduction barrier of outdoor environment (such as near highway, drome etc.) and can use together with structural support component (such as post, pillar, crossbeam etc.).In production soundproof wall of the present invention, CO 2-cut deposit building material compositions be poured in model with is formed requirement soundproof wall shape and size.Composition also can be poured in sheet die or cylinder can be used to form the sheet material with desired thickness.Shaping composition can through roller compaction, hydraulic pressure, vibrating compacting or resonance shock compaction by further compacting.Then sheet material is cut into the soundproof wall of desired size.In some cases, generation composition machinery or chemical process also can be adopted before formation or when composition is shaped to form light weight septum arrangements to introduce gas make to spume.Composition formed thereby is formalized further and is solidified in the environment of control temperature and humidity.In addition, soundproof wall of the present invention can comprise multiple other component, such as (but being not limited to): softening agent, pore forming material, accelerator, retarding agent and aerating additive.When needed, other component can comprise chemical adulterant to make them to by biological degradation, freezing, water, fire with corrode the resistance that the damage caused has increase.In some embodiments, soundproof wall of the present invention can use structural support component, cable, line and net that such as (but being not limited to) is made up of steel, ductile iron, macromolecular fibre, aluminium or plastics.
Be insulating material by another kind of material of construction provided by the invention, it refers to for weakening or suppressing heat conducting material.Insulating material also can comprise those materials reducing or suppress radiant heat transfer.Insulating material of the present invention can comprise one or more following components: gelling forms the mixture of material, dispersion agent, air entraining agent, inertia dense granule (densifying paticulate), ionic and nonionic surface active agent, softening agent, accelerator, light skeletal, organic and inorganic adhesive and glass particle.In certain embodiments of the invention, a certain amount of cementing formation material can by said components (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) substitute, wherein it can be 1% weight or more, such as 3% weight or more, comprises 5% weight or more, such as 25% weight or more, 50% weight or more etc.Viscous composition for insulating material of the present invention comprises the component being selected from carbide of calcium, terra alba, refractory mortar (Blakite), nitride, calcium carbonate, oxide compound, titanate, sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc telluridse, inorganic silicone compounds and composition thereof.In certain embodiments of the invention, a certain amount of viscous composition can by said components (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) substitute and can be 1% weight or more, such as 3% weight or more, comprise 5% weight or more, such as 25% weight or more, 50% weight or more etc.When needed, insulating material of the present invention also can adopt chemical adulterant or any other facilitated method preparation, can resist to make them the damage caused by termite, insect, bacterium, fungi etc.Insulating material of the present invention can adopt any method easily prepare with make they for resistance and freeze/resistance to thaw, Nai Yu and fire-resistant.Insulating material of the present invention can be prepared according to the traditional preparation methods for such material, except using a certain amount of carbonate/bicarbonate component of the present invention (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) beyond.In production insulating material of the present invention, a certain amount of carbonate/bicarbonate component (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) can be combined with the component of water and other insulating material, the latter can include, but is not limited to the mixture of dispersion agent, air entraining agent, inertia dense granule, ionic and nonionic surface active agent, softening agent, accelerator, light skeletal, organic and inorganic adhesive and glass particle.Then the shape (such as wall mosaic plate) that generated insulating material is mouldable is shaped to requirement or be poured into concrete trowel used for plastering formula component, floor component, roof aspect void space in or around pipeline, pipeline and pond casting.
CO 2-cut the preparation of depositing material of construction
Aspect of the present invention comprises preparation CO 2-cut the method for depositing material of construction.CO 2-cut and deposit material of construction by first production carbonate/bicarbonate component (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component [i.e. deposited material]), then from carbonate/bicarbonate component (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) prepare material of construction to prepare.CO 2-cut carbonate/bicarbonate component (the such as CO depositing material of construction (be such as shaped material of construction) 2-cut and deposit component) can from CO 2the source (and/or affecting the method for proton removal) of source, proton remover and divalent cation source produce, and each of these materials is further described in detail immediately following.
Carbonic acid gas
Method of the present invention comprises the divalent cation aqueous solution and CO that make certain volume 2source contacts, and then makes the solution of generation stand to promote the condition of precipitation.Method of the present invention also comprises the divalent cation aqueous solution and CO that make certain volume 2source contacts, and makes the aqueous solution stand to promote the condition of precipitation simultaneously.Enough carbonic acid gas can be there is to precipitate the precipitation material (such as in seawater) containing carbonate of significant quantity in containing the solution of divalent cation; But, usually use other carbonic acid gas.CO 2source can be any CO easily 2source.CO 2the CO that source can be gas, liquid, solid (such as dry ice), supercutical fluid or is dissolved in liquid 2.In some embodiments, CO 2source is gaseous state CO 2source.Air-flow can be substantially pure CO 2or comprise and comprise CO 2with the various ingredients of one or more other gases and/or other material such as ash content and other particle.In some embodiments, gaseous state CO 2source is that exhaust flow (i.e. the by product of factory's active process) is such as from the waste gas of factory.The character of factory can be different, and factory includes, but is not limited to power station, chemical processing plant (CPP), mechanical workout factory, refinery, cement mill, steel mill and other generation CO 2as the factory of the by product of fuel combustion or another kind of procedure of processing (such as cement mill roasting).
Comprise CO 2exhaust flow comprise reduction (such as synthetic gas, conversion synthetic gas (shifted syngas), Sweet natural gas, hydrogen etc.) and oxidizing condition air-flow (such as carrying out the stack gas of auto-combustion) both.Concrete exhaust flow of the present invention can be convenient to comprise containing oxygen burning factory stack gas (such as have seldom from coal or another kind or do not have the pretreated fuel based on carbon of stack gas), turbo-charging boiler gaseous product, gasification gaseous product, conversion gasification gaseous product, anaeroic digestor gaseous product, well head natural gas flow, reforming natural gas or methane hydrate etc.From the combustion gases method and system used in the present invention in any facility source.In some embodiments, the combustion gases in factory such as power station, cement mill and coal processing treatment factory post combustion emission thing stacks can be used in.
Therefore, exhaust flow can produce from the factory of number of different types.Artificial fuel (anthropogenic fuel) product of exhaust flow and naturally occurring organic-fuel deposition (such as oil-sand, heavy oil, resinous shale etc.) produced by the factory of burning mineral fuel (such as coal, oil, Sweet natural gas) is comprised for suitable exhaust flow of the present invention.In some embodiments, the exhaust flow being suitable for present system and method derives from coal-burning power plant such as fine coal power plant, overcritical coal-fired plant (supercritical coal power plant), mass-burning coal-fired plant, fluidized bed coal power plant; In some embodiments, exhaust flow derives from combustion gas or oil-firing boiler and gas-turbine power plant, combustion gas or oil-firing boiler simple cycle gas turbine engine power station or combustion gas or oil-firing boiler combined cycle gas turbine power plant.In some embodiments, the exhaust flow (gas of generation of namely being gasified by organic substance such as coal, biomass etc.) produced by the power plant of burn synthesis gas can be used.In some embodiments, the exhaust flow from integrated gasification combined cycle plants (IGCC) power station is used.In some embodiments, the waste gas produced by waste heat boiler (HRSG) power station is used according to system and method for the present invention.
The exhaust flow produced by cement mill is also applicable to system and method for the present invention.Cement mill waste gas comprises the waste gas from wet method and dry method power station, and its power station can use shaft kiln or rotary kiln and can comprise the outer incinerator (pre-calciners) of kiln.Each incendivity single-fuel of these factories or two or more fuel that can burn continuously or simultaneously.Other factory such as smeltery and refinery are also the useful sources of the carbonated waste gas of bag.
Industry Waste air-flow can comprise carbonic acid gas as main non-air source component, or especially can comprise other component such as oxynitride (NOx), oxysulfide (SOx) and one or more other gas when coal-burning power plant.Other gas and other component can comprise CO, mercury and other heavy metal and powder dust particle (such as from calcining and combustion processes).Other component in air-flow also can comprise halogenide such as hydrogenchloride and hydrogen fluoride; Particulate matter such as flying dust, dust and metal comprise arsenic, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium, chromium VI, cobalt, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, selenium, strontium, thallium and vanadium; And organism such as hydrocarbon polymer, dioxin and PAH compound.In some embodiments, the suitable exhaust flow that can be processed has the CO existed with the amount of 200ppm-1000000ppm 2, such as 200000ppm-1000ppm, comprises 200000ppm-2000ppm, such as 180000ppm-2000ppm, or 180000ppm-5000ppm, also comprises 180000ppm-10000ppm.The multiple waste gas of waste gas, especially combustion gases, can comprise the component that one or more are other, such as water, a NOx (oxynitride: NO and NO 2), a SOx (oxysulfide: SO, 5O 2and SO 3), VOC (volatile organic compounds), heavy metal such as mercury and particulate matter (being suspended in the solid-state or liquid particles in gas).Spent air temperture is alterable also.In some embodiments, CO is comprised 2spent air temperture be 0 DEG C-2000 DEG C, such as 60 DEG C-700 DEG C, and comprise 100 DEG C-400 DEG C.
In some embodiments, one or more other components or by product are (namely for transforming CO 2for under the same terms of carbonate from the product [such as SOx, NOx etc.] that other starting raw material produces) the exhaust flow by making to comprise these other components with comprise divalent cation (such as alkaline-earth metal ions be as Ca 2+and Mg 2+) the aqueous solution contact formed precipitation material in precipitated or trapping.The vitriol, sulphite etc. of calcium and/or magnesium can at self-contained SOx (such as SO 2) exhaust flow produce precipitation material (also comprising calcium carbonate and/or magnesiumcarbonate) in precipitated or trapping.Magnesium and calcium can react respectively and form MgSO 4, CaSO 4and other contains the compound (such as sulphite) of magnesium and calcic, effectively there is no desulfurized step such as waste-gas desulfurization (" FGD ") except desulfuration from exhaust flow.In addition, CaCO can be formed 3, MgCO 3and related compound and do not discharge CO in addition 2.The aqueous solution of divalent cation comprises in the situation of high-caliber sulphur compound (such as vitriol) wherein, the aqueous solution can enrichment calcium and magnesium so that calcium and magnesium are at formation CaSO 4, MgSO 4and can also carbonate cpds be formed after related compound or in addition.In some embodiments, the precipitation that can precipitate material with carbonate containing implements desulfurized step simultaneously, or can implement desulfurized step before precipitation.In some embodiments, multiple reaction product (such as MgCO is collected in different steps 3, CaCO 3, CaSO 4, above-mentioned mixture etc.), and in other embodiment, collect single reaction product (such as comprising the precipitation material of carbonate, vitriol etc.).In the step of these embodiments, other component such as heavy metal (such as mercury, mercury salt, compound containing mercury) can be caught to combine in carbonato precipitation material or can be precipitated respectively.
A part of exhaust flow (not namely being whole exhaust flow) from factory can be used for producing precipitation material.In these embodiments, the exhaust flow part for precipitating the precipitation of material can be exhaust flow 75% or less, such as 60% or less, and comprise 50% and less.In other other embodiment, the exhaust flow that (such as 80% or more) is all produced by factory is substantially used to the precipitation precipitating material.In these embodiments, origin source produce 80% or more, such as 90% or more, comprise 95% or more, the exhaust flow (such as stack gas) of 100% can be used for the precipitation precipitating material at the most.
Although industrial gaseous waste provides the source of the combustion gases of relative enhancement, the not too concentrated source (such as air) that the inventive method and system also can be used for self-contained ratio concentration pollutent as much lower in waste gas removes combustion gas component.Therefore, in some embodiments, method and system comprises the Pollutant levels by producing in stable precipitation material reduction air.In such cases, the such as CO of the pollutent in air part 2concentration can reduce by 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 99% or more, 99.9% or more, or 99.99%.The available productive rate as described in this of such reduction or the adjoint higher or lower productive rate of atmospheric polluting material realize, and at a settling step or can realize in a series of settling step.
Divalent cation
Method of the present invention comprises the divalent cation aqueous solution and CO that make certain volume 2source contacts and makes the solution of generation stand to promote the condition of precipitation.In some embodiments, the divalent cation aqueous solution of certain volume and CO 2source contacts, and makes the aqueous solution stand to promote the condition of precipitation simultaneously.Determine according to the availability of particular location, divalent cation can from the different divalent cation sources of any number.Such source comprises industrial waste, seawater, salt solution, hard water, rocks and minerals matter (such as lime, periclasite, comprise the material such as serpentine and peridotites of metal silicate) and other suitable source any.
In some places, the Industry Waste air-flow from multiple industrial process provide convenience source divalent cation (with other raw material such as metal hydroxides in some cases for the production of method).Such exhaust flow includes, but is not limited to mining wastes, (such as combust is as flying dust for fossil-fuel-fired ash content, bottom ash, boiler slag), slag (such as scum, phosphorus slag), cement kiln refuse, refinery/refinery refuse (such as oil field and methane layer salt solution), coal seam refuse (such as gas produces salt solution and coal seam salt solution), paper conversion process refuse, water softening effluent brine (such as ion-exchange discharge), siloxanes processing treatment refuse, agricultural waste, medal polish refuse, high pH weaving refuse and alkaline residue.Fossil-fuel-fired ash content, cement kiln dust and slag, be generically and collectively referred to as the source of waste of metal oxide, further describes in No. 12/486692nd, the U.S. patent application submitted on June 17th, 2009, and its open full text is attached to herein.Any divalent cation source described here can mix and with put into practice object of the present invention and match.Such as, in order to put into practice object of the present invention, comprise the material (such as serpentine, peridotites) of metal silicate, its on July 10th, 2009 submit to No. 12/501217th, U.S. patent application in further describe, its application is incorporated herein by reference, can mix with the divalent cation in any source described here.
In some places, for the preparation of carbonate/bicarbonate component of the present invention (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) the facility source of divalent cation for water (such as comprising the aqueous solution of divalent cation as seawater or surperficial salt solution), it can change according to putting into practice specified place of the present invention.The spendable suitable divalent cation aqueous solution comprises containing one or more divalent cations, and such as alkaline earth metal cation is as Ca 2+and Mg 2+solution.In some embodiments, divalent cation aqueous solution source comprises alkaline earth metal cation.In some embodiments, alkaline earth metal cation comprises calcium, magnesium or its mixture.In some embodiments, the aqueous solution of divalent cation comprises with at 50-50000ppm, 50-40000ppm, the calcium that the amount within the scope of 50-20000ppm, 100-10000ppm, 200-5000ppm or 400-1000ppm exists.In some embodiments, the aqueous solution of divalent cation comprises the magnesium existed with the amount within the scope of 50-40000ppm, 50-20000ppm, 100-10000ppm, 200-10000ppm, 500-5000ppm or 500-2500ppm.At some wherein Ca 2+and Mg 2+in the embodiment both existed, Ca in the aqueous solution of divalent cation 2+with Mg 2+ratio (i.e. Ca 2+: Mg 2+) 1: 1 and 1: 2.5,1: 2.5 and 1: 5,1: 5 and 1: 10,1: 10 and 1: 25,1: 25 and 1: 50,1: 50 and 1: 100,1: 100 and 1: 150,1: 150 and 1: 200,1: 200 and 1: 250,1: 250 and 1: 500, between 1: 500 and 1: 1000 or within the scope of it.Such as in some embodiments, Ca in the aqueous solution of divalent cation 2+with Mg 2+ratio 1: 1 and 1: 10,1: 5 and 1: 25,1: 10 and 1: 50,1: 25 and 1: 100,1: 50 and 1: 500 or between 1: 100 and 1: 1000.In some embodiments, Mg in the aqueous solution of divalent cation 2+with Ca 2+ratio (i.e. Mg 2+: Ca 2+) 1: 1 and 1: 2.5,1: 2.5 and 1: 5,1: 5 and 1: 10,1: 10 and 1: 25,1: 25 and 1: 50,1: 50 and 1: 100,1: 100 and 1: 150,1: 150 and 1: 200,1: 200 and 1: 250,1: 250 and 1: 500, between 1: 500 and 1: 1000 or within the scope of it.Such as in some embodiments, Mg2 in the aqueous solution of divalent cation +with Ca2 +ratio 1: 1 and 1: 10,1: 5 and 1: 25,1: 10 and 1: 50,1: 25 and 1: 100,1: 50 and 1: 500 or between 1: 100 and 1: 1000.
The aqueous solution of divalent cation can comprise be derived from fresh water, slightly salty (brackish water), salt water (such as naturally occurring salt solution or artificial salt solution are as geothermal Power Station waste water, desalimtor's waste water) and other there is the divalent cation of the salt solution being greater than limneticum.Slightly salty is more salty than fresh water, but does not resemble water salty seawater.Slightly salty has the salinity in about 0.5-35ppt (each thousand in number) scope.Seawater is have the water of the body of salt of the water of salinity within the scope of about 35-50ppt from sea, ocean or any other.Salt solution is with salt loading or close to saturated water.Salt solution has about 50ppt or larger salinity.In some embodiments, the water source in divalent cation source is the freshwater source of rich in mineral substances (be such as rich in calcium and/or be rich in magnesium).In some embodiments, the water source in divalent cation source is the naturally occurring saline source being selected from sea, ocean, lake, swampland, river mouth, saltwater lake, surperficial salt solution, deep layer salt solution, alkaline lake, inland sea etc.In some embodiments, the water source in divalent cation source is the artificial salt solution being selected from geothermal Power Station waste water or desalimtor's waste water.
Fresh water is generally divalent cation, and (such as alkaline earth metal cation is as Ca 2+and Mg 2+) facility source.The suitable freshwater source of any number can being adopted, comprising from relatively not containing the freshwater source of mineral substance to the freshwater source within the scope of the freshwater source of relative rich in mineral substances.The freshwater source of rich in mineral substances can be naturally occurring, comprises the hard water source of any number, lake or inland sea.The freshwater source such as alkaline lake or inland sea (such as at osmanli all lakes (Lake Van)) of some rich in mineral substances also provide pH adjusting agent to originate.The freshwater source of rich in mineral substances also can be artificial.Such as lean ore material (soft) water can with divalent cation such as alkaline earth metal cation (such as Ca 2+, Mg 2+deng) source contact, to produce the water of the rich in mineral substances being suitable for method and system described here.Any method easily (such as adding solid, suspensoid or solution) can be adopted, in fresh water (or water of other type any described here), add divalent cation or its precursor (such as salt, mineral substance).In some embodiments, add in fresh water and be selected from Ca 2+and Mg 2+divalent cation.In some embodiments, add in fresh water and be selected from Na +and K +monovalent cation.In some embodiments, containing Ca 2+fresh water mix with combust (such as flying dust, bottom ash, boiler slag) or the form of its product or processing treatment, obtain the solution comprising calcium and magnesium cation.
In some embodiments, the aqueous solution of divalent cation can derive from the factory also providing gas-flow.Such as, in the factory of water cooling factory such as cooled with seawater, then be can be used as the water cooled the water producing precipitation material by factory.If asked, water can be cooled before entering settling system of the present invention.Such method such as can use together with once-through cycle.Such as, city or agricultural water supply can be used as the once-through cycle of factory.Then the water from factory can be used for producing precipitation material, and wherein exporting glassware for drinking water has the hardness of minimizing and larger purity.
For affecting proton remover and the method for proton removal
Method of the present invention comprises the divalent cation aqueous solution and CO that make certain volume 2source contact is (to dissolve CO 2) and make the solution of generation stand to promote the condition of precipitation.In some embodiments, the divalent cation aqueous solution of certain volume and CO 2source contact is (to dissolve CO 2), make this aqueous solution stand to promote the condition of precipitation simultaneously.CO 2be dissolved in the divalent cation aqueous solution and produce carbonic acid, a kind of material being in equilibrium state with supercarbonate and carbonate.In order to produce the precipitation material containing carbonate, except deprotonation shifts to carbonate to make balance in the various materials (such as carbonic acid, supercarbonate, hydronium(ion) etc.) in the solution of self-contained divalent cation.When proton is removed, more CO 2gas enters in solution.In some embodiments, proton remover and/or method are used, and make the aqueous solution containing divalent cation and CO simultaneously 2contact is to be increased in the CO in a phase precipitin reaction 2absorb, wherein pH can keep constant, increases or even reduce, subsequently rapidly except deprotonation (such as by adding alkali) is to cause the rapid precipitation of wrapping carbonato precipitation material.By any method easily, include, but is not limited to use naturally occurring proton remover, use microorganism and fungi, the chemical proton remover of use synthesis, reclaim artificial exhaust flow and use electrochemical means, deprotonation can be removed in various material (such as carbonic acid, supercarbonate, hydronium(ion) etc.).
Naturally occurring proton remover comprises and can produce or have any proton remover found in the more extensive environment of local alkaline environment by Yu Qike.Some embodiments provide naturally occurring proton remover, are included in the mineral substance producing alkaline environment when joining in solution.Such mineral substance includes, but is not limited to lime (CaO), periclasite (MgO), ironic hydroxide mineral substance (such as pyrrhosiderite and limonite) and volcanic ash.The method of the rock digested and assimilated such mineral substance and comprise this quasi-mineral is provided at this.Some embodiments provide and adopt natural alkaline water body as naturally occurring proton remover.The example of natural alkaline water body includes, but is not limited to surperficial water source (such as alkaline lake is as the Monot lake (Mono Lake) of California, USA) and underground water source (such as alkaline aqueous layer is as being positioned at the geology Deep-Lying Alkaline waterbearing stratum in California, USA Sai Ersi lake (Searles Lake)).Other embodiment provides self-desiccation alkaline water style as the sedimental application of nanotesla Long Hu (Lake Natron) earth's crust along the African East African Rift Valley.In some embodiments, in its eubolism, the organism of secreted alkaline molecule or solution is used as proton remover.The example of such organism is produce the fungi (such as having the deep-sea fungi Aspergillus ustus (aspergillus ustus) of Optimal pH 9) of Sumizyme MP and produce the bacterium (as the sheath silk algae (Lyngbya sp.) from British Columbia's Aunar woods wetland, it increases the pH of photosynthesis by product to such as cyanobacteria) of alkali molecules.In some embodiments, organism is used to produce proton remover, wherein microorganism (such as Bacillus pasteurii, urea is hydrolyzed to ammonia by it) by pollutent (such as urea) metabolism to produce proton remover or to comprise the solution of proton remover (such as ammonia, ammonium hydroxide).In some embodiments, organism separates with precipitin reaction mixture to be cultivated, and wherein proton remover or the solution that comprises proton remover are used to join in precipitin reaction mixture.In some embodiments, the enzyme of natural existence or preparation and proton remover conbined usage are to cause the precipitation precipitating material.Carbonic anhydrase, it is the enzyme produced by plant and animal, accelerates carbonic acid and is converted into supercarbonate in aqueous.Therefore, carbonic anhydrase can be used for strengthening CO 2dissolving and accelerate precipitation material precipitation.
The synthetic chemistry reagent that the chemical reagent removed for affecting proton is often referred to produce in a large number and can commercially availablely obtains.Such as, the chemical reagent for removing proton includes, but is not limited to oxyhydroxide, organic bases, super base, oxide compound, ammonia and carbonate.Oxyhydroxide comprises the chemical substance providing hydroxide anion in the solution, comprises such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2) or magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH) 2).Organic bases is the carbon-containing molecules being generally nitrogenous base, comprises primary amine such as methylamine, secondary amine such as Diisopropylamine, tertiary amine such as diisopropylethylamine, arylamine such as aniline, heteroaromatics such as pyridine, imidazoles and benzoglyoxaline and various forms thereof.In some embodiments, the organic bases being selected from pyridine, methylamine, imidazoles, benzoglyoxaline, histamine and phosphonitrile (phophazene) is used in the various materials (such as carbonic acid, supercarbonate, hydronium(ion) etc.) of the precipitation of autoprecipitation material except deprotonation.In some embodiments, ammonia is for raising pH to the level being enough to be settled out from divalent cation solution and Industry Waste air-flow precipitation material.The super base being suitable as proton remover comprises sodium ethylate, sodium amide (NaNH 2), sodium hydride (NaH), butyllithium, lithium diisopropylamide, diethyl lithamide and two (trimethyl silyl) lithamide.It is also spendable suitable proton remover that oxide compound comprises such as calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), strontium oxide (SrO), beryllium oxide (BeO) and barium oxide (BaO).Sodium carbonate is included, but is not limited to for carbonate of the present invention.
Except comprising significant positively charged ion and other suitable metallic forms, the waste streams from multiple industrial process can provide proton remover.Such waste streams includes, but is not limited to Mining wastes, (such as combust is as flying dust for fossil-fuel-fired ash content, bottom ash, boiler slag), slag (such as scum, phosphorus slag), cement kiln refuse, refinery/refinery refuse (such as oil field and methane layer salt solution), coal seam refuse (such as gas produces salt solution and coal seam salt solution), paper conversion process refuse, water softening effluent brine (such as ion-exchange discharge), siloxanes processing treatment refuse, agricultural waste, medal polish refuse, high pH weaving refuse and alkaline residue.Mining wastes comprise from metal or the another kind any refuse from the extraction of the valuable of the earth or valuable mineral matter.In some embodiments, the refuse from mining can be used for regulating pH, and wherein refuse is selected from the red mud from Bayer aluminium extracting method, the refuse from seawater extraction magnesium (such as in the Mg (OH) that California, USA Mo Silanding finds 2); With the refuse comprising leaching from mining technology process.Such as, red mud can for regulating pH as described in No. 61/161369th, U.S. temporary patent application submitting on March 18th, 2009, and it is by referring to being attached to herein in full.Fossil-fuel-fired ash content, cement kiln dust and slag, be generically and collectively referred to as metal oxide source of waste, further describe in No. 12/486692nd, the U.S. patent application submitted on June 17th, 2009, its open full text is attached to herein, can separately or with other proton remover conbined usage, to be provided for proton remover of the present invention.Agricultural waste, or by animal waste, or excessive use fertilizer, potassium hydroxide (KOH) or ammonia (NH can be comprised 3) or both.Therefore, agricultural waste can be used as proton remover in some embodiments of the present invention.These agricultural waste are collected in pond usually, but it also can be seeped into down in the aqueous stratum that wherein can enter and use.
Electrochemical method is except the another kind of method of deprotonation in the various materials of solution, be no matter by from solute (proton abstraction of such as carbonic acid or supercarbonate) or from solvent (proton abstraction of such as hydronium(ion) or water) except deprotonation.The proton abstraction of solvent can such as cause from CO 2even dissolve the proton produced to be equivalent to exceed the electrochemistry proton removed from solute molecule.In some embodiments, low voltage electrochemical method, for removing proton, such as, works as CO 2when being dissolved in the precursor solution (can comprise or can not comprise the solution of divalent cation) of precipitin reaction mixture or precipitin reaction mixture.In some embodiments, be dissolved in by the process of low voltage electrochemical method the CO do not comprised in the aqueous solution of divalent cation 2, with from by CO 2the carbonic acid that dissolving generates, supercarbonate, hydronium(ion) or any material or its combination are except deprotonation.Low voltage electrochemical method is 2,1.9,1.8,1.7 or 1.6V or less, such as 1.5,1.4,1.3,1.2,1.1V or less, such as 1V or less, such as 0.9V or less, 0.8V or less, 0.7V or less, 0.6V or less, 0.5V or less, 0.4V or less, 0.3V or less, 0.2V or less or 0.1V or less average electrical pressing operation.The low voltage electrochemical method not producing chlorine is for being easily for system and method for the present invention.Except the not oxygenous low voltage electrochemical method of deprotonation is for being also easily for system and method for the present invention.In some embodiments, low voltage electrochemical method is at cathode generates hydrogen gas and be delivered to anode, and hydrogen is converted into proton there.The electrochemical method not producing hydrogen also can be easily.In some cases, the electrochemical method removing proton does not produce any gaseous by-product.Further describe in No. PCT/US09/48511st, the international patent application of No. PCT/US09/32301st, the international patent application that the international patent application that the U.S. patent application that the U.S. patent application that the electrochemical method removed for realizing proton was submitted on December 24th, 2008 is submitted on December 23rd, No. 12/344019 1 is submitted on December 23rd, No. 12/375632 1 is submitted on January 28th, No. PCT/US08/088242 1 and submission on June 24th, 2009, its each section is by referring to being all attached to herein.
Or electrochemical method can be used for by such as chloralkali process (chlor-alkaliprocess) or its production causticity molecule (such as oxyhydroxide) of improving one's methods.Electrode (such as negative electrode and anode) can be present in the aqueous solution or load exhaust flow (such as load CO that comprise containing divalent cation 2) solution device in, and selectivity barrier such as film can spaced electrodes.For producing by product (such as hydrogen) except the electro-chemical systems of deprotonation and method, it can be collected and for other object.The other electrochemical method that can be used for present system and method includes, but is not limited to those methods of No. 61/081299th, U.S. temporary patent application and the description in No. 61/091729th, U.S. temporary patent application submitted on July 16th, 2008, and it discloses incorporated herein by reference.The above removal that the proton remover in source and the combination of method realize proton of mentioning can be adopted.
CO 2-cut the preparation of depositing component and material of construction
Multiple diverse ways can be used for from CO 2cO of the present invention is prepared in source, divalent cation source and proton remover source 2-cut and deposit component.Significant CO 2-section the method for depositing includes, but is not limited to the U.S. patent application Ser. No 12/126776 submitted on May 23rd, 2008, submit on June 27th, 2008 12/163205, the U.S. Provisional Application Serial number 61/017405 submitted to 28,12/475378 and 2007 on the December of submitting to 29,12/344019 and 2009 on Mays of submitting on December 24th, 2008, submit on December 28th, 2007 61/017419, submit on May 29th, 2008 61/057173, submit on May 29th, 2008 61/056972, submit on June 17th, 2008 61/073319, submit on July 10th, 2008 61/079790, submit on July 16th, 2008 61/081299, submit on July 22nd, 2008 61/082766, submit on August 13rd, 2008 61/088347, submit on August 12nd, 2008 61/088340, those methods disclosed in submit to 30,61/101629 and 2008 on the September of submitting on September 30th, 2008 61/101631, it discloses incorporated herein by reference.
CO of the present invention 2-cut and deposit component and comprise carbonate salt composition by producing from divalent cation solution precipitation calcium carbonate and/or magnesiumcarbonate composition.Carbonate cpds composition of the present invention comprises crystallization and/or the decolorizing carbon phosphate compounds of precipitation.Form CO of the present invention 2-cutting that the carbonate cpds composition depositing component comprises can from the metastable state carbonate cpds of divalent cation solution such as salt water precipitation, as in greater detail following.For convenience's sake, sometimes describe with the words and phrases of salt solution in this present invention, but, should be appreciated that any source that can use the water comprising divalent cation.
The carbonate cpds composition of brine source of the present invention (namely derive from the composition of salt solution and to be contained by one or more or different carbonate crystallization not containing one or more oxyhydroxide crystallizations or amorphous compound and/or amorphous compound form) is for deriving from the carbonate cpds composition of salt solution.Therefore, they are in some manner from the composition that salt solution obtains, and such as, by processing the salt solution of certain volume in one way, produce with the salt solution from original volume the carbonate cpds composition required.Produced the carbonate cpds composition of some embodiment by solution (such as salt solution) precipitation of the divalent cation of self-contained alkaline earth metal cation such as calcium and magnesium etc., wherein such divalent cation solution can be generically and collectively referred to as the water containing alkaline-earth metal.
Salt solution for method can change.As summarized above, significant salt solution comprises slightly salty, seawater and salt solution and has other salt solution being greater than fresh water (it has the salinity being less than 5ppt dissolved salt) salinity.In some embodiments, the water being rich in calcium can mix with magnesium silicate minerals matter such as peridotites or serpentine, becoming in acid solution owing to adding carbonic acid gas formation carbonic acid, it dissolves Magnesium Silicate q-agent, causes forming calcium magnesium silicate carbonate cpds as mentioned above.
In the method for producing carbonate cpds composition of the present invention, the water of certain volume stands the carbonate compound precipitation condition being enough to produce carbonate containing precipitation material and mother liquor (i.e. remaining water section after seawater precipitated carbonate compound).The precipitation material generated and mother liquor form carbonate cpds composition of the present invention jointly.Can adopt any deposition condition easily, described condition causes producing carbonate cpds composition and cuts and deposit product.
Promote that the condition (i.e. deposition condition) of precipitation can change.Such as, the temperature of water can in the scope suitable for the precipitation that required mineral substance occurs.In some embodiments, the temperature of water can within the scope of 5-70 DEG C, such as 20-50 DEG C and comprise 25-45 DEG C.Therefore, although the group precipitation condition provided can have the temperature within the scope of 0-100 DEG C, the temperature of water may must be conditioned the precipitation material producing requirement in certain embodiments.
In normal seawater, the dissolving CO of 93% 2with bicarbonate ion (HCO 3 -) form to exist and 6% with carbanion (CO 3 2-) form exist.When calcium carbonate precipitates from normal seawater, CO 2be released.In fresh water, at pH more than 10.33, the carbonate being greater than 90% exists with carbonate ion form, and does not have CO during precipitation of calcium carbonate 2be released.In the seawater, this transformation betides slightly low pH, close to pH 9.7.Although can within the scope of 5-14 for the water pH of method during given precipitation process, in certain embodiments, when needed, pH be risen to alkaline level and is precipitated to impel carbonate cpds and other compound such as hydroxide compound.These embodiments some in, if do not eliminate CO during precipitating 2produce, pH is caused the CO of dissolving by rising to 2(such as precipitating the carbonate and bicarbonate form that trap in material) reduces to minimum level.In these embodiments, pH can rise to 10 or higher, such as 11 or higher.
The pH of water can adopt any method easily to raise.In certain embodiments, use proton remover, the example of wherein such reagent comprises oxide compound, oxyhydroxide (calcium oxide in such as flying dust, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, brucite (Mg (OH) 2deng), carbonate (such as sodium carbonate) etc., wherein many describe above.A kind of such method for the pH raising precipitin reaction mixture or its precursor (solution such as containing divalent cation) uses the coal ash from coal-burning power plant, and it comprises many oxide compounds.Other coal working method, resembles the gasification producing synthetic gas, also produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and also can be used as hydroxide source.Some naturally occurring mineral substance such as serpentine contains oxyhydroxide and solubilized obtains hydroxide source.Add serpentine and also in solution, discharge silica and magnesium, cause forming the precipitation material containing silica.The specific nature and institute that depend on proton remover are regulated the amount of precipitin reaction mixture or its precursor by the amount of the proton remover added in precipitin reaction mixture or its precursor, and the pH that should be enough to rising precipitin reaction mixture or its precursor is to the pH required.Or the pH of precipitin reaction mixture or its precursor rises to the level of requirement by electrochemical method as described above.Other electrochemical method can be adopted under certain conditions.Such as, electrolytic process can be adopted, wherein can adopt mercury electrolytic method (also referred to as the slow method of this slow-Kai Er of card (Castner-Kellner process)), membrane electrolysis, membrane electrolysis (membrane cellprocess), or its some combinations.When needed, the by product such as H of hydrolysate can be gathered in the crops 2, sodium metal etc. when desired for other object.In other other embodiment, can adopt the pH rising method described in the U.S. temporary patent application the 61/081299th submitted on July 16th, 2008 and No. 61/091729 that submits on August 25th, 2008, it discloses incorporated herein by reference.
Also additive except pH elevating agents can be added to affect the character of the precipitation material produced by Xiang Shuizhong.Therefore, some embodiment of method be included in make water stand deposition condition before or period in water, provide additive.Some calcium carbonate polycrystalline type body can have benefited from some additive of trace.Such as, veterite, a kind of highly unstable polymorphic CaCO 3, it is also converted into calcite rapidly with multiple different forms precipitation, obtains with very high productive rate by the Trace La comprised in the supersaturated solution of calcium carbonate as Lanthanum trichloride.Other additive except the significant lanthanum of tool comprises (but being not limited to) transition metal etc.Such as, knownly add ferrous ion or ferric ion is conducive to forming unordered rhombspar (former rhombspar), otherwise it can not form.
The character of precipitation material also can be subject to the impact of suitable leading ion ratio selection.Leading ion ratio is also formed polymorphic has remarkably influenced.Such as, along with magnesium in water: calcium ratio increases, and aragonite exceedes low-Mg calcite and becomes favourable polymorphic calcium carbonate.At low magnesium: under calcium ratio, low-Mg calcite is preferred polymorphic.Therefore, the magnesium of broad range can be adopted: calcium ratio, comprise such as 100: 1,50: 1,20: 1,10: 1,5: 1,2: 1,1: 1,1: 2,1: 5,1: 10,1: 20,1: 50,1: 100 or any above-mentioned ratio.In certain embodiments, measure magnesium by the water source (such as seawater, salt solution, slightly salty, fresh water) used in intermediate processing: calcium ratio, and in other embodiment, magnesium: calcium ratio is adjusted to and falls within the scope of some.
Settling rate also forms tool to Compound Phase and has a significant impact.Precipitate the most fast by adding crystal seed realization with what require to solution.When not adding crystal seed, rapid precipitation realizes by the pH increasing seawater fast, and this causes more amorphous component.When there is silica, speed of reaction is faster, and the silica combined in the precipitation material containing carbonate is more.PH is higher, precipitates quicker and precipitates in material amorphous more.
Therefore, one group of deposition condition producing the precipitation material required from divalent cation solution comprises water temperature and pH in certain embodiments, and comprises the concentration of additive and ionic species in water in some cases.Deposition condition also can comprise such as mixing rate, the stirring form such as ultrasonic factor involving the existence of crystal seed, catalyzer, film or substrate.In some embodiments, deposition condition comprises supersaturated condition, temperature, pH and/or concentration gradient or circulation or changes these parameters any.Method for the preparation of the carbonato precipitation material of bag according to the present invention can be in batches or continuation method.It is to be appreciated that compared with batch system, deposition condition can be different for producing given precipitation material in continuous-flow system.
In certain embodiments, method also comprises the water and the CO that make certain volume stand mineral deposits condition 2source contacts.Water and CO 2the contact in source can betide water and stand CO 2before deposition condition and/or period.Therefore, embodiment of the present invention comprise wherein make the water of certain volume make the seawater of certain volume stand mineral deposits condition before with CO 2the method of source contact.Embodiment of the present invention comprise the salt solution and CO that wherein make certain volume 2source contacts, and makes the salt solution of certain volume stand the method for carbonate compound precipitation condition simultaneously.Embodiment of the present invention comprise wherein make the water of certain volume make the salt solution of certain volume stand carbonate compound precipitation condition before and while making the salt solution of certain volume stand carbonate compound precipitation condition under both of these case with CO 2the method of source contact.In some embodiments, identical water is capable of circulation more than once, the first time circulation main removing calcium carbonate wherein precipitated and magnesiumcarbonate mineral substance, and leave the residue buck that can add other source of alkaline earth metal, it may be had more carbonic acid gas and be circulated by it, precipitates more carbonate cpds.
With the CO of certain volume saline contacts in these embodiments 2source can be any CO easily 2source, and contact method can be any method easily.Work as CO 2during for gas, significant contact method includes, but is not limited to: directly contact method such as make gas sparging by the salt solution of certain volume and flow contact method namely at the Contact of uniflux gas and liquid phase stream, countercurrent method namely at the Contact etc. of reversed flow gas and liquid phase stream.Therefore, during as facility, contact by using the realizations such as injector, bubbler, jet Wen reactor, sparger, gas filter, atomizer, tower tray or packed column reactor.For for divalent cation solution and CO 2the example system of source contact and method, see No. 61/239429 that submits to 2,61/230042 and 2009 on the September of submitting to 30,61/228210,2009 on the July of submitting to 24,61/178475,2009 on the July of submitting to 14,61/170086,2009 on Mays of submitting to 16,61/168166,2009 on the April of submitting in the U.S. temporary patent application the 61/158922nd submitted on March 10th, 2009, on April 9th, 2009, it is attached to herein each via quoting.
Above method causes producing carbonate/bicarbonate precipitation material (such as CO 2-cut and deposit precipitation material) and the soup compound of mother liquor.When needed, the composition be made up of precipitation material and mother liquor can store for some time after precipitation He before further processing treatment.Such as, at 1-40 DEG C, as at the temperature within the scope of 20-25 DEG C, composition can be stored within the scope of 1-1000 days or longer, such as 1-10 days or longer for some time.
Then soup compound component is separated.Embodiment can comprise process mother liquor, and wherein mother liquor can or can not be present in identical composition as product.Such as, when mother liquor turns back to ocean, mother liquor can be enough to the mode and the gaseous state CO that increase the carbonate ion concentration be present in mother liquor 2source contacts.Contact can adopt any method easily to carry out, such as those methods described above.In certain embodiments, mother liquor has alkaline pH, and to be enough to pH to be reduced to 5-9, such as 6-8.5, the mode comprised between 7.5-8.2 in scope is implemented and CO 2the contact in source.In certain embodiments, handled salt solution can with such as CO described above 2source contact deposits other CO to cut 2.Such as, when mother liquor turns back to ocean, mother liquor can be enough to the mode and the gaseous state CO that increase the carbonate ion concentration be present in mother liquor 2source contacts.Contact can adopt any method easily to carry out, such as those methods described above.In certain embodiments, mother liquor has alkaline pH, and to be enough to pH to be reduced to 5-9, such as 6-8.5, the mode comprised between 7.5-8.2 in scope is implemented and CO 2the contact in source.
The mother liquor of the present invention generated can adopt the process of any method easily.In certain embodiments, its can be sent in tailings settling tank for the treatment of.In certain embodiments, it can be processed in naturally occurring water body such as ocean, sea, lake or river.In certain embodiments, mother liquor turns back to the water-supply source such as ocean or marine greatly for the inventive method.Or mother liquor can be further processed process, such as stand the method that desalts as further described in U.S. Application Serial Number 12/163205, it discloses incorporated herein by reference.
In certain embodiments, at precipitation material (such as CO 2-cut deposit component) produce after, the material generated is separated with mother liquor, produce be separated precipitation material (such as CO 2-cut and deposit product).Precipitation material (such as CO 2-cut deposit component) separation any method easily can be adopted to realize, comprise such as wherein separately through gravity or add vacuum autoprecipitation material discharge excessive in a large number water mechanical means, by from mother liquor filtering-depositing material, to produce the mechanical compaction method etc. of filtrate.In certain embodiments, the generation of a large amount of water is wet, dehydrated precipitate material is separated.
Then when needed, the dry dehydrated precipitate material generated, to produce desciccate.The dry precipitation material wet by dry air realizes.When wet precipitation material is by dry air, dry air can be carried out at room or elevated temperature.In still another embodiment, wet precipitation material is spray dried with drying precipitated material, liquid wherein containing precipitation material is dry by being conducted through hot gas (such as from the exhaust flow of power plant), such as wherein liquid feeding pump into main kiln by atomizing nozzle and hot gas as pump into direction relative to nozzle and stream or adverse current pass through.Determine according to the concrete drying means of system, dry place can comprise filter element, freeze-drying structure, spray thing drying structure etc.When needed, the precipitation material product of dehydration can be washed before it is dried.Precipitation material can wash with fresh water, such as, from precipitation material removing salt (such as NaCl) of dehydration.
In certain embodiments, material is precipitated before subsequent use in some manner refining (i.e. processing treatment).Refine and can comprise multiple diverse ways.In some embodiments, product is subject to the product that machine finish such as grinds to obtain having desired physical properties such as granularity etc.
Fig. 1 is provided for producing carbonate/bicarbonate (the such as CO according to embodiment of the present invention 2-cut and deposit component) the diagram process flow sheet of method.In FIG, the salt solution from saline source 10 stands carbonate compound precipitation condition at settling step 20.As summarized above, salt solution refers to the dissimilar non-fresh water aqueous fluid of any number, comprise slightly salty, seawater and salt solution (comprising artificial salt solution, such as geothermal Power Station waste water, desalinization wastewater etc.) and other has the salt solution being greater than limneticum.The saline source of the carbonate cpds composition of derivative cement of the present invention can be naturally occurring source, such as sea, ocean, lake, marsh, river mouth, saltwater lake etc., or man-made origin.
In certain embodiments, water can derive from the power station also providing exhaust flow.Such as, in water-cooled power station as in the power station of cooled with seawater, then can be transported to settling system by the water that power station uses and be used as the water in precipitin reaction.These embodiments some in, water can be cooled before entering precipitation reactor.
In the embodiment described in FIG, first the water from saline source 10 be loaded CO 2to produce load C O 2water.Then CO is made 2stand carbonate compound precipitation condition.As described in FIG, make CO 2air-flow 30 contacts with water at settling step 20.The air-flow 30 provided contacts to produce load C O at settling step 20 with suitable water 2water.So-called load C O 2water mean with CO 2the water of contact, wherein CO 2molecule and water molecules chemical combination produce such as carbonic acid, supercarbonate and carbonate ion.Load water causes in water such as with the CO that carbonic acid, supercarbonate and carbonate ion form exist in this step 2content increases and the pCO with the waste streams contacted with water 2reduce.Load C O 2water be acid, have 6 or less, such as 5 or less and comprise 4 or less pH.In certain embodiments, for loading the gas CO of water 2concentration be 10% or higher, 25% or higher, comprise 50% or higher, such as 75% or even higher.Significant contact method includes, but is not limited to: directly contact method such as make gas sparging by the water of certain volume and flow contact method namely at the Contact of uniflux gas and liquid phase stream, countercurrent method namely at the gas of counter current and the Contact etc. of liquid phase stream.Therefore, contact by using the realizations such as injector, bubbler, jet Wen reactor, sparger, gas filter, atomizer, tower tray or packed column reactor, this may be easily.
At settling step 20, can be carbonate cpds that is amorphous or crystallization precipitated.Significant deposition condition comprises the physical environment of change water to produce those deposition conditions of the precipitation material required.Such as, water temperature can rise to the amount being suitable for the carbonate compound precipitation required occurs.In such embodiments, water temperature can rise to 5-70 DEG C, such as 20-50 DEG C and comprise the value of 25-45 DEG C.Therefore, although the group precipitation condition provided can have the temperature within the scope of 0-100 DEG C, in certain embodiments, can raised temperature is to produce the precipitation material required.In certain embodiments, temperature can adopt the energy rising being low to moderate zero carbon monoxide emission source such as solar energy source, wind energy, the water power energy etc. and producing.Although the pH of water can within the scope of 7-14 during given intermediate processing, in certain embodiments, when needed, pH rises to alkaline level to impel carbonate compound precipitation.These embodiments some in, if do not eliminate CO during precipitating 2the generation that gas generates, pH is risen to the level minimized it.In these embodiments, pH can rise to 10 or higher, such as 11 or higher.When needed, the pH of water adopts any method easily to raise.In certain embodiments, can use pH elevating agents, wherein the example of reagent comprises oxide compound, oxyhydroxide (such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, brucite), carbonate (such as sodium carbonate) etc. like this.The amount being added into the pH elevating agents in saline source is by the specific nature depending on reagent and the volume of salt solution regulated, and the pH that should be enough to raise saline source is to the value required.Or the pH of saline source rises to desired level by the electrolytic action of water.
CO 2loading and carbonate compound precipitation can betide successive processes or betide step separately.Therefore, loading and precipitation can betide in the same reactor of system, such as, as graphic extension in Fig. 1 step 20 of certain embodiments of the invention.In other embodiment in addition of the present invention, these two steps can betide in reactor separately, first in loading reactor, load CO to make water 2, then make generated loading CO 2water in the reactor separated, stand deposition condition.
After produce the precipitation material containing carbonate in water, the precipitation material generated (is the CO of generated material of construction 2-cut and deposit component) can be separated with some or all of mother liquor, to produce the precipitation material of separation, as step 40 graphic extension of Fig. 1.Precipitation separation material can adopt any method easily to realize, comprise such as wherein separately through gravity or add vacuum autoprecipitation material discharge excessive in a large number water mechanical means, by producing the mechanical compaction method etc. of filtrate from mother liquor filtering-depositing material.The example system of the large water gaging of removal used in the present invention and method, see No. 61/239429 that submits to 2,61/230042 and 2009 on the September of submitting to 30,61/228210,2009 on the July of submitting to 24,61/178475,2009 on the July of submitting to 14,61/170086,2009 on Mays of submitting to 16,61/168166,2009 on the April of submitting in the U.S. temporary patent application the 61/158992nd submitted on March 10th, 2009, on April 9th, 2009, it is attached to herein each via quoting.Be separated the generation of a large amount of water is wet, dehydrated precipitate material (the i.e. CO of the dehydration of material of construction 2-cut and deposit component).
The dehydrated precipitate material generated can be used directly, or the dehydrated precipitate material generated can be further dried.In some embodiments, the dehydrated precipitate material generated is used directly.The dehydrated precipitate material that direct use generates is easily in the application requiring some water gagings.In non-limiting example, the precipitation material of dehydration can mix with normal portland cement, and the precipitation material wherein dewatered is provided to a few part to hydration with fill the required water of (placement) cement admixture.In some embodiments, the precipitation material of dehydration contains the water more than 5%, more than the water of 10%, more than the water of 20%, more than the water of 30%, more than the water of 50%, more than the water of 60%, more than the water of 70%, more than the water of 80%, the water more than 90% or the water more than 95%.In some embodiments, the precipitation material of dehydration provide for dehydrated precipitate material just by the application that uses required at least 5% water, the water of at least 10%, the water of at least 20%, the water of at least 30%, the water of at least 40%, the water of at least 50%, the water of at least 60%, the water of at least 70%, the water of at least 80%, the water of at least 90% or the water of at least 95%.In some embodiments, the precipitation material of dehydration provides for dehydrated precipitate material just by whole water that the application used is required.Such as, the precipitation material of dehydration can provide hydration and fill the required whole water of the cement admixture of dehydrated precipitate material and normal portland cement.Such as, precipitation material can be dehydrated with the water making the precipitation material of dehydration comprise almost 70%, the water of such as 66.5%.Then the soup compound precipitating material can mix with normal portland cement, to make generated cement admixture comprise 80% normal portland cement and 20% precipitation material, wherein the ratio of water and cement (i.e. normal portland cement and precipitation material) is about 40%.By controlling the water yield of autoprecipitation material removing, the carbon footprint that material (such as concrete of the present invention, shaping material of construction etc.) prepared by autoprecipitation material is controlled very well, if when especially material needs water.Consider this, low, the neutral or negativity carbon footprint of any product material described here can be further reduced with the as many water of amount needed by means of only the removing of autoprecipitation material.
As described above, the dehydrated precipitate material generated also can be dried to produce product, as graphic extension in the step 60 of Fig. 1.Drying realizes by dry air filtrate.When filtrate is by dry air, dry air can be carried out at room or elevated temperature.The precipitation material of dehydration by dry air, to produce the water containing being less than 50%, can be less than the water of 40%, being less than the water of 30%, be less than the water of 20%, is less than the water of 10% or is less than the precipitation material of 5% water.Such as, the precipitation material of dehydration can by dry air to produce the precipitation material containing 30% or less water.Such precipitation material can with or need not be other treating processes (such as highly thoroughly mix) pulverize and mix with other material such as normal portland cement, with produce comprise a part of to hydration and the cement admixture filling the required water of cement admixture.Drying also realizes by precipitating material spraying dry, the liquid wherein comprising precipitation material is dry by being conducted through hot gas (such as from the exhaust flow of power plant), such as wherein liquid feeding pump into main kiln by atomizing nozzle and hot gas as pump into direction relative to nozzle and stream or adverse current pass through.Determine according to the concrete drying means of system, dry place can comprise filter element, freeze-drying structure, spray thing drying structure etc.
When needed, the dehydrated precipitate material from separate reactor 40 can be washed before it is dried, as graphic extension in the optional step 50 of Fig. 1.Precipitation material can wash with fresh water, such as, from precipitation material removing salt (such as NaCl) of dehydration.Time convenient, bath water used can such as by disposing in middle process such as tailings settling tanks.
In step 70, dry precipitation material can optionally be refined, such as provide the physical property of requirement, as granularity, surface-area etc., or in precipitation material, add one or more components such as adulterant, aggregate, complementarity gelling material etc., to produce final product 80.
In certain embodiments, system is used to implement above method.
At generation such as carbonate/bicarbonate component (such as CO as described above 2-cut and deposit component) after, then by carbonate/bicarbonate component (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) for generation of shaping material of construction of the present invention.Shaping material of construction of the present invention can be prepared according to the traditional preparation methods of this spline structure, except using a certain amount of carbonate/bicarbonate of the present invention (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) beyond.With carbonate/bicarbonate component (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) alternative component Parts can change, and be 5% weight or more in some cases, comprises 10% weight or more, 25% weight or more, 50% weight or more, 75% weight or more, 90% weight or more or even 100% weight.In production shaping material of construction, a certain amount of carbonate/bicarbonate component (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) can mix with water and other other component, the latter can include, but is not limited to clay, shale, soft board rock, Calucium Silicate powder, quarry run, portland cement, flying dust, slag cement, aggregate (such as blast furnace slag, bottom ash, gravel, Wingdale, grouan, sand etc.), silica flour, volcanic ash, reinforcement material such as steel or polymer architecture etc., and is then configured as the final material of construction structure required.Making method can comprise to be extruded, with or not with the heating of xeraphium, powder fresh water, the soup compound etc. carrying out autoreactor make paste.Comprise use such as prepare sheet material cylinder or have impression (impressions) cylinder preparation be shaped making method be also important.In addition, compression moulding making method can find purposes, such as dry molding, add some water and molding, subsequently in some cases sintering etc.Making method can comprise to material (such as CO 2-cut and deposit material) drying composition in add water (with or with adding other tackiness agent such as plastic cement, portland cement etc.) and cast articles.Some method can comprise heated material to produce foaming material by changing water into steam inside.Also meaningfully wherein a certain amount of product (such as CO 2-cut and deposit product) be maintained at outdoor sports ground, so that they are drenched with rain, make fresh water recirculated through material using dissolves metastable state form and as stable form redeposition, make it in water, keep certain hour at room or elevated temperature, then from amorphous product production shaped material.
Material not for the production of shaping material of construction can be used as amorphous material of construction.As shaping material of construction, significant carbon reduces and can cause owing to adopting amorphous material of construction.Such as, significant carbon minimizing can owing to offsetting cement credit (cement the credit) (CO namely avoided using portland cement 2) and deposit cause combining of the amount of carbon from cutting of fossil point (fossil point) source.Per tonly comprise carbonate/bicarbonate component of the present invention (such as CO 2-cut deposit component) material can cause CO 2reduce up to 1 ton or more, such as 1.2 tons or more, comprise 1.6 tons or more, such as 2 tons or more CO 2.Comprise carbonate/bicarbonate of the present invention (such as CO 2-cut deposit component) the blend composition such as multiple binary, ternary, quaternary can cause such minimizing.No matter be for shaping or amorphous material of construction, carbonate/bicarbonate component (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) can be used as the supplementary gelling material (SCM) of such as combine with flying dust, slag and/or portland cement, to produce the blending cement with low, neutrality (namely zero) or negativity carbon footprint.Such blending cement also can at 28 days or less, such as, have in 14 days or less time or higher than 1000 pounds/square inch, to be included in or higher than 2000 pounds/square inch, such as or higher than the compressive strength of 2500 pounds/square inch.Therefore, there is blending cement of the present invention that is low, neutral or negativity carbon footprint and can produce the high grade cement being applicable to concrete paving application.
Also provide as amorphous material of construction or low, the neutral and negativity carbon footprint concrete mix for the material of construction that is shaped at this.In some embodiments, low, neutral or negativity carbon footprint concrete mix comprises the fusion cement (CO such as combined with flying dust, slag and/or portland cement 2-cut and deposit supplementary gelling material (SCM)) and CO 2-cut deposit aggregate (such as aggregate is that coarse aggregate, fine aggregate are as sand etc.), aggregate according to No. 12/475378th, the U.S. patent application submitted on May 29th, 2009 from carbonate/bicarbonate component of the present invention (such as CO 2-cut and deposit component) preparation, it is incorporated herein by reference.Such composition can comprise and such as has about 20% or more, such as 35% or more, comprise 50% or more cutting deposit CO 2the fine aggregate (such as husky) of content.In some embodiments, concrete low, the neutral or concrete compressive strength of negativity carbon was 2500 pounds/square inch or more 28 days time, such as 3000 pounds/square inch or more, 4000 pounds/square inch when being included in 28 days.Some embodiments provide carbon negativity footprint concrete, and it presented the compressive strength of 4000 pounds/square inch 28 days time.Equal early strength (namely 28 days time) allows to use low, neutral or negativity carbon footprint concrete and does not negatively affect construction progress.
Embodiment of the present invention obtain low, neutral or negativity carbon footprint concrete, its not only meet intensity and early strength standard (more than), and surface smoothness resembles normal cement.Fusion cement-concrete composition of the present invention works in the mode similar to conventional Portland cement-concrete composition, makes the present invention can be used in similar place and play similar function.In some embodiments, in fusion cement-concrete composition shaping material of construction used in the present invention.In some embodiments, fusion cement-concrete composition of the present invention can be used in amorphous material of construction.Such as, fusion cement-concrete composition can be tiled in parking area (such as the open parking ground of 5000 square feet).Fusion cement-concrete composition, due to the high-reflectivity of such composition, reduces carbon emission by reducing lighting demand.This carbon emission reduces the whole length of life that can betide fusion cement-concrete composition.Such as; the reflectivity of low, neutral or negativity carbon footprint concrete parking lot with brightness measured compared with asphalt parking lot; can be used for determining required illumination, and therefore in the difference of the carbon minimizing level owing to using the concrete composition of the present invention of more high-reflectivity possible.The reflectivity test of such composition confirms that urban heat island reduces ability and such as reaches 2 times or more, 5 times or more, 10 times or more, 20 times or more.
Purposes
Find that material of construction of the present invention has purposes in a variety of different applications.Wherein material of construction of the present invention finds that the concrete structure with purposes includes, but is not limited to: buildings (business and house), foundation structure such as wall, sound barrier, pipeline etc. and other man-made structures.
Present method and system are at CO 2cut and deposit, in depositing especially by cutting in architectural environment, find that there is purposes.Cut and deposit CO 2comprise from air-flow such as exhaust flow removing or separation of C O 2, and be fixed as stable non-gaseous, to make CO 2dissipation of energy does not enter air.CO 2cut bag deposit to draw together CO 2fill the form that (placement) is stable storing, the component of such as architectural environment, such as building, road, dam, embankment, ground etc.Therefore, according to the CO of the inventive method 2cut to deposit and cause preventing CO 2gas enters air and CO 2with CO 2do not become the mode standing storage of air part.The form of so-called stable storing means under the condition exposed (namely to air, under water, (underwater) environment etc. is open) can be stored on the ground or under water; and the time durations such as 1 year or longer extended; 5 years or longer; 10 years or longer; 25 years or longer; 50 years or longer; 100 years or longer time durations do not have significantly the material form of the degraded of (being yet few if any), assuming that significant material of construction remains in the home of its intended purpose.
Following examples are proposed to be supplied to those of ordinary skill in the art about how to prepare and use full disclosure of the present invention and description, and do not intend to limit its invention that the present inventor thinks to such scope, namely they do not intend to represent that following experiment is is all or only the scope of effective experiment.Make an effort and guaranteed the accuracy of numerical value used (such as amount, temperature etc.), but some experimental errors and deviation should have been considered.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: as the preparation of the precipitation material of gelling material supplementary in concrete
Being pumped into have with the about speed of per minute 20 gallons by 900 gallons of seawater has in 1000 gallons of grooves of lid reserving space.To stirring, apparatus installation, groove enters and reagent adds the top that open unlimited admission port is positioned at groove.A series of gas distributor is positioned at bottom and passes into carbonic acid gas/air mixture with bubbling.Being passed into about 30% (v/v) in the gaseous mixture of reactor by bubbling is carbon dioxide.When gas passes in groove with total speed bubbling of public liter/min of 40-50, stir seawater with tower top mixing tank.Initial seawater temperature is within the scope of 15-20 DEG C.
50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (w/w) be pumped into stirred, in bubbling container to maintain the pH of about pH 9.0.For the flow velocity keeping the two-position controller of required pH to regulate sodium hydroxide.
50% sodium hydroxide of 12kg be added into stirred, in bubbling container after, stop in container, add escharotic and carbon dioxide gas stream.Air continues bubbling and enters container and maintain stirring until gas tube is cleaned by carbonic acid gas.Then stop air bubbling, but maintain stirring to keep suspension for soup compound.Final soup compound temperature is within the scope of 15-25 DEG C.
The soup compound of generation is pumped into another to there is tapered bottom and there is in bottom the having in cover slot of discharge port.Soup compound sedimentation is spent the night.Second day supernatant decanted liquid by (settled) soup compound vacuum filtration of sedimentation.
Filter cake is suspended in again in fresh water and is used for spraying dry to produce pumpable soup compound.By soup compound spraying dry and self-spray moisture eliminator product collection cyclone collection product.
X-ray fluorescence (" XRF ") (table 1) and coulometric titration (table 2) data show that throw out material great majority are made up of calcium carbonate.
Na Mg Al Si S Cl K Ca Fe
% by weight 1.44 0.27 0.22 0.24 0.14 1.52 0.01 37.99 0.14
Table 1: the XRF ultimate analysis of precipitation material
％CO 2
% by weight 40.85
Table 2: per-cent CO 2content (coulometric titration)
The X-ray diffraction (" XRD ") of precipitation material is analyzed (Fig. 2) and is shown to there is the aragonite (CaCO as main phase 3) and as the halite (NaCl) of minor component.
Precipitation material is also provided (Fig. 3) at scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of 1000x (left side) and 4000x (right side).
Embodiment 2: shaped material
A. concrete cylindrical (or column)
From a collection of concrete for making concrete cylindrical prepared with the precipitation material that spray-dired precipitation material such as describes in embodiment 1.Precipitation material is used as the supplementary gelling surrogate of portland cement, substitutes the portland cement of 17% quality.Described batch, with little mixing rotary drum, adopts following mixed weight to mix:
According to ASTM C31 formed be measured as 4 " x 8 " and cylinder.Each cylinder two same aspects reinforce and every one deck with 3/8 " club tamps 25 times.Then cylinder concrete mud trowel (trowel) finishing also end-blocking.The integrity of cylinder is convenient to cylinder to be cut into 0.75 "-1.5 " thick part, then by the polishing of the both sides of each several part through cutting.
B. the concrete tiles be out of shape
The filter cake of the precipitation material prepared as in embodiment 1 is spray dried the water content to about 4%.Then spray-dired material and common V-type portland cement are dry mixed (normal portland cement: spray-dired precipitation material) to obtain the mixture of complete gelation with 4: 1 ratios.The mixture of total gelling mixes to form concrete mix with fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water.Product mixes with little concrete mixing rotary drum.The amount added is as follows: 48.4 pounds of total gelling material (9.7 pounds of carbonate aragonites, 38.7 pounds of V-type portland cements), 24.2 pounds of tap water, 111 pounds of fine aggregates and 136 pounds of coarse aggregates.Shift out concrete mix from mixing rotary drum and enter plain trolley (wheelbarrow).Then scoop out concrete from plain trolley and become ceramic tile form.Ceramic tile dimension is 609.6mm x 609.6mm x 88.9mm, is about 3 times (i.e. " modifications ") of above-described tile thickness.The reinforcement of concrete 5/8 " compacting club reinforce enter template (forms) to prevent bug hole.Ceramic tile is struck off with screed and is repaired with level and smooth mud trowel.Second day, removing template obtained the concrete tiles modified.
All examples and the conditional statement concept that is mainly intended to help reader understanding's principle of the present invention and the present inventor to propose is to promote (furthering) technology listed herein, and not thinks to be construed as limiting the special like this example enumerated and condition.In addition, this enumerate principle of the present invention, in and the institute of embodiment and specific examples thereof be described and be intended to comprise both structure and function equivalent thereof.In addition, be intended to make such Equivalent to comprise both Equivalents of Equivalent known at present and following exploitation, any parts of namely developed enforcement identical function and haveing nothing to do with structure.Therefore, scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited to the exemplary showing at this and describe, because such embodiment provides by means of only embodiment.Really, current those skilled in the art can carry out many changes, change and replacement and not deviate from the present invention.Intend to limit scope of the present invention with claim below and method and structure in these right and Equivalent thereof are also included thus.
The invention still further relates to following embodiment:
1., for the production of a method for shaping material of construction, the method comprises:
A) from divalent cation and comprise CO 2exhaust flow produce CO 2-cut and deposit component; With
B) formation comprises CO 2-cut the material of construction depositing component, wherein shaping material of construction comprises 5%-90% (w/w) CO 2-cut and deposit component.
2. the method for embodiment 1, wherein shaping material of construction comprises 5%-75% (w/w) CO 2-cut and deposit component.
3. the method for embodiment 2, wherein shaping material of construction comprises 5%-50% (w/w) CO 2-cut and deposit component.
4. the method for embodiment 3, wherein shaping material of construction comprises 5%-25% (w/w) CO 2-cut and deposit component.
5. the method for embodiment 1, wherein CO 2-cut and deposit component and comprise carbonate.
6. the method for embodiment 1, wherein exhaust flow also comprises NOx, SOx, VOCs, granular substance, mercury, or its combination.
7. the method for embodiment 5, wherein CO 2-cut deposit component also comprise by for by carbon dioxide conversion being carbonate condition produce NOx, SOx, VOCs, granular substance, mercury or its combination joint product.
8. any one method in embodiment 1-7, wherein shaping material of construction has the carbon footprint for neutral or negativity.
9. the method for embodiment 8, wherein shaping material of construction has the carbon footprint for neutrality.
10. the method for embodiment 8, wherein shaping material of construction has the carbon footprint for negativity.
The method of 11. embodiments 8, wherein for the formation of the water of shaping material of construction by CO 2-cut and deposit component and provide.
The method of 12. embodiments 11, wherein CO 2-cut and deposit component and provide at least 50% for the formation of the water of shaping material of construction.
The method of 13. embodiments 8, wherein shaping material of construction is because the high-reflectivity of shaping material of construction is by reducing lighting demand continuation minimizing carbon emission.
14. 1 kinds of shaping material of construction produced by the method for any one in embodiment 1-13.
The shaping material of construction of 15. embodiments 14, wherein shaping material of construction is brick, prefabricated components, ceramic tile, cement plate, pipeline, crossbeam, pond, post, drywall, fibrocement wall dunnage, panel, soundproof wall or insulating material.
16. 1 kinds comprise CO 2-cut the shaping material of construction depositing component, wherein shaping material of construction comprises 5%-90% (w/w) CO 2-cut and deposit component.
The shaping material of construction of 17. embodiments 16, wherein shaping material of construction comprises 5%-75% (w/w) CO 2-cut and deposit component.
The shaping material of construction of 18. embodiments 17, wherein shaping material of construction comprises 5%-50% (w/w) CO 2-cut and deposit component.
The shaping material of construction of 19. embodiments 18, wherein shaping material of construction comprises 5%-25% (w/w) CO 2-cut and deposit component.
The shaping material of construction of 20. embodiments 16, wherein CO 2-cut and deposit component and comprise carbonate.
The shaping material of construction of 21. embodiments 20, wherein CO 2-cut and deposit component and also comprise from NOx, SOx, VOCs, granular substance, mercury, or carbonate joint product of its combination.
The shaping material of construction of 22. embodiments 21, wherein CO 2-cut and deposit component and also comprise joint product from SOx.
The shaping material of construction of 23. embodiments 22, wherein CO 2-cut and deposit component and also comprise joint product from mercury.
Any one shaping material of construction in 24. embodiment 16-23, wherein shaping material of construction is brick, prefabricated components, ceramic tile, cement plate, pipeline, crossbeam, pond, post, drywall, fibrocement wall dunnage, panel, soundproof wall or insulating material.
The shaping material of construction of 25. embodiments 24, wherein shaping material of construction is brick or prefabricated components.
The shaping material of construction of 26. embodiments 25, wherein shaping material of construction has the compressive strength of 5-100MPa.
The shaping material of construction of 27. embodiments 24, wherein shaping material of construction is ceramic tile.
The shaping material of construction of 28. embodiments 27, wherein ceramic tile has the compressive strength of 5-75MPa.
The shaping material of construction of 29. embodiments 24, wherein shaping material of construction is panel.
The shaping material of construction of 30. embodiments 29, wherein panel has the compressive strength of 10-100MPa.

Claims (22)

1., for the production of a method for shaping material of construction, the method comprises:
A) from divalent cation solution and comprise CO 2exhaust flow produce CO 2-cut and deposit component, wherein said CO 2-cutting and deposit component and comprise metastable state carbonate cpds, described metastable state carbonate cpds comprises amorphous calcium carbonate, veterite or its combination;
B) by the described CO comprising metastable state carbonate cpds 2-cut and deposit components dissolved and again precipitate into stable form; With
C) formation comprises 50% (w/w) or more CO 2-cut the shaping material of construction depositing component.
2. the process of claim 1 wherein that shaping material of construction comprises 75% (w/w) or more CO 2-cut and deposit component.
3. the process of claim 1 wherein that described shaping material of construction is selected from brick, prefabricated components, plate, pipeline, crossbeam, pond, post, ceramic tile, fiber wall dunnage product, panel, soundproof wall, drywall, insulating material and their combination.
4. the process of claim 1 wherein that described shaping material of construction is fibrocement wall dunnage.
5. the method for claim 4, wherein said fibrocement wall dunnage has the flexural strength of 0.5 to 5MPa, the compressive strength of 2-25MPa, or the two has concurrently.
6. the method for claim 4, comprise further add following to form fibrocement wall dunnage: cellulosic fibre, macromolecular fibre, softening agent, pore forming material, accelerator, retarding agent, aerating additive or their combination.
7. the method for claim 4, comprises further and covers described fibrocement wall dunnage with polymeric film, enamel or coating.
8. the process of claim 1 wherein that described shaping material of construction is lightweight concrete prefabricated components.
9. the process of claim 1 wherein that described divalent cation solution is be selected from following Industry Waste logistics: Mining wastes, metal oxide source of waste, fossil-fuel-fired ash content, slag, cement kiln refuse, refinery/refinery refuse, coal seam refuse, paper conversion process refuse, water softening effluent brine, siloxanes processing treatment refuse, agricultural waste, medal polish refuse, high pH weaving refuse, alkaline residue and their combination.
10. the method for claim 1, comprise further add following with forming shaped material of construction: clay, shale, soft board rock, Calucium Silicate powder, quarry run, portland cement, flying dust, slag, cement, aggregate, silica flour, volcanic ash, reinforcement material or their combination.
11. the process of claim 1 wherein that exhaust flow also comprises NOx, SOx, VOCs, granular substance, mercury, or its combination.
12. the process of claim 1 wherein CO 2-cut deposit component also comprise by for by carbon dioxide conversion being carbonate condition produce NOx, SOx, VOCs, granular substance, mercury or its combination joint product.
The shaping material of construction that 13. methods any one of claim 1-12 are produced.
14. shaping material of construction, it comprises the CO of 50% (w/w) or more 2-cut and deposit component, wherein said CO 2-cut deposit component comprise containing veterite, aragonite or its combination metastable state carbonate cpds, it is from divalent cation solution precipitation, wherein said CO 2-cut and deposit component there is the δ being less than-15 ‰ 13c value, and wherein said shaping material of construction is fibrocement wall dunnage.
The shaping material of construction of 15. claims 14, wherein said shaping material of construction comprises 75% (w/w) or more CO 2-cut and deposit component.
The shaping material of construction of 16. claims 14, wherein CO 2-cut and deposit component and also comprise from NOx, SOx, VOCs, granular substance, mercury, or carbonate joint product of its combination.
The shaping material of construction of 17. claims 14, wherein CO 2-cut and deposit component and also comprise joint product from SOx.
The shaping material of construction of 18. claims 14, wherein said fibrocement wall dunnage has the flexural strength of 0.5 to 5MPa, the compressive strength of 2-25MPa, or the two has concurrently.
The shaping material of construction of 19. claims 14, wherein said fibrocement wall dunnage also comprises cellulosic fibre, macromolecular fibre, softening agent, pore forming material, accelerator, retarding agent, aerating additive or their combination.
The shaping material of construction of 20. claims 14, comprises clay, shale, soft board rock, Calucium Silicate powder, quarry run, portland cement, flying dust, slag, cement, aggregate, silica flour, volcanic ash, reinforcement material or their combination further.
The method of 21. claims 4, wherein said fibrocement wall dunnage is light weight.
The shaping material of construction of 22. claims 14, wherein said fibrocement wall dunnage is light weight.
CN201510113388.0A 2008-09-30 2009-09-30 Co2-sequestering formed building materials Pending CN104743979A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10163108P 2008-09-30 2008-09-30
US61/101631 2008-09-30
US11048908P 2008-10-31 2008-10-31
US61/110489 2008-10-31
US14961009P 2009-02-03 2009-02-03
US61/149610 2009-02-03
US24604209P 2009-09-25 2009-09-25
US61/246042 2009-09-25
CN200980101136.9A CN101990523B (en) 2008-09-30 2009-09-30 Co2-sequestering formed building materials

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN200980101136.9A Division CN101990523B (en) 2008-09-30 2009-09-30 Co2-sequestering formed building materials

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN104743979A true CN104743979A (en) 2015-07-01

Family

ID=53584347

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201510113388.0A Pending CN104743979A (en) 2008-09-30 2009-09-30 Co2-sequestering formed building materials

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN104743979A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110723935A (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-01-24 湖南安福环保科技股份有限公司 Method for treating sludge in plastic particle production line
CN112207117A (en) * 2020-09-27 2021-01-12 重庆亿源环保工程有限公司 Method for preparing building material by using heavy metal contaminated soil

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110723935A (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-01-24 湖南安福环保科技股份有限公司 Method for treating sludge in plastic particle production line
CN110723935B (en) * 2019-11-29 2021-12-10 湖南安福环保科技股份有限公司 Method for treating sludge in plastic particle production line
CN112207117A (en) * 2020-09-27 2021-01-12 重庆亿源环保工程有限公司 Method for preparing building material by using heavy metal contaminated soil

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN101990523B (en) Co2-sequestering formed building materials
US8869477B2 (en) Formed building materials
US9056790B2 (en) Methods and compositions using calcium carbonate
US8906156B2 (en) Cement and concrete with reinforced material
US20120031303A1 (en) Calcium carbonate compositions and methods thereof
US8691175B2 (en) Calcium sulfate and CO2 sequestration
CN104487458A (en) Methods and systems for utilizing carbide lime
CN101939078A (en) CO2 sequestering soil stabilization composition
WO2013019642A2 (en) Cement and concrete with reinforced material
CN104743979A (en) Co2-sequestering formed building materials
Kendall et al. Calcium sulfate and CO 2 sequestration

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20150701

WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication