CN104742195B - A kind of modified model carpenter scroll saw - Google Patents
A kind of modified model carpenter scroll saw Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104742195B CN104742195B CN201510176003.5A CN201510176003A CN104742195B CN 104742195 B CN104742195 B CN 104742195B CN 201510176003 A CN201510176003 A CN 201510176003A CN 104742195 B CN104742195 B CN 104742195B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- object stage
- cantilever
- scroll saw
- ball bearing
- axostylus axostyle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- B27B19/00—Other reciprocating saws with power drive; Fret-saws
- B27B19/02—Saws with a power- driven blade chucked at both ends or at one end only, e.g. jig saws, scroll saws
- B27B19/04—Saws with a power- driven blade chucked at both ends or at one end only, e.g. jig saws, scroll saws characterised by power drive, e.g. by electromagnetic drive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- B27B29/00—Gripping, clamping, or holding devices for the trunk or log in saw mills or sawing machines; Travelling trunk or log carriages
- B27B29/02—Clamping angles; Gripping equipment thereon
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of modified model carpenter scroll saw, including travel table device, the travel table device includes support platform, horizontal sliding table, object stage, rotary shaft, cantilever hold down gag, digital control computer；The support platform is located on the base, the horizontal sliding table is installed in the support platform, its top is connected with the object stage, the center of the object stage is driven to carry out horizontal linear reciprocating motion to the scroll saw direction, the object stage center offers installing hole, first ball bearing is installed in installing hole, the rotary sleeve is loaded in first ball bearing, the cantilever hold down gag is T-type structure, its side plate is connected with the object stage side, its cantilever is located above the object stage, the digital control computer respectively with the horizontal sliding table, rotary shaft and the connection of cantilever hold down gag.It is an advantage of the current invention that：Automatization's processing is achieved, working (machining) efficiency is improve, machining accuracy is high, good repetitiveness.
Description
Technical field
A kind of the present invention relates to woodworking machinery field, more particularly to modified model carpenter scroll saw.
Background technology
Scroll saw is called rip machine, is the electric tool that carpenter commonly uses.Its principle is that the revolution of motor is transported by crank slide unit
The dynamic straight-line feed motion for being converted into scroll saw, realizes the purpose of sawing with this.Cut relative to common saw blade, scroll saw
Scroll saw direction not slit and the impact of cut lengths, can carry out cutting processing on arbitrarily angled, therefore, saw in inside and outside sawing
The aspects such as colored, irregular curved processing have very big advantage.
Upsurge recently as traditional culture is progressively risen, and market is also more and more to the demand of pseudo-classic furniture, tradition
Pseudo-classic furniture manufacture also gradually stride forward to mechanization assembly line work from pure manual work, due to the unique design of pseudo-classic furniture
And layout structure, within its processing to sheet material is more based on external arc, irregular pattern, therefore the operation is typically entered using scroll saw
Row processed.Existing carpenter's scroll saw is manual operations, draws the pattern line that need to be processed in advance on plate surface,
Again sheet material is delivered to by hand on scroll saw machine worktable, under scroll saw high-speed cutting, promote sheet material slowly to move along pattern line, directly
To completing overall cutting, the shortcoming one of this processing mode is that machining accuracy is relatively low, poor repeatability, after the completion of plate cutting also
Need to carry out secondary grinding；Two is that working (machining) efficiency is low, yield rate is not high.
Content of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of follow-on carpenter's scroll saw for above-mentioned technical problem, and carpenter's scroll saw is achieved
The machine automatization processing of sheet material, its machining accuracy is high, reproducible, high yield rate, and substantially increases working (machining) efficiency.
The present invention employs the following technical solutions solution above-mentioned technical problem：A kind of modified model carpenter scroll saw, including base,
Fuselage, upper rocker arm, lower shake-changing arm, scroll saw, also include travel table device, and the travel table device includes supporting puts down
Platform, horizontal sliding table, object stage, rotary shaft, cantilever hold down gag, digital control computer；The support platform is located on the base, institute
State horizontal sliding table to be installed in the support platform, its top is connected with the object stage, drive the center of the object stage to
The scroll saw direction carries out horizontal linear reciprocating motion, and the object stage center offers installing hole, is provided with installing hole
One ball bearing, the rotary sleeve loaded in first ball bearing, the rotary shaft include axostylus axostyle, speed-changing gear box,
Servomotor, the axostylus axostyle top is in first ball bearing, and top is concordant with the object stage table top, described
Axostylus axostyle bottom is connected with speed-changing gear box, and the speed-changing gear box is fixed on the object stage bottom, the servomotor
Be connected with the speed-changing gear box, power source constituted with the speed-changing gear box, drive the axostylus axostyle to rotate along axle center；Described outstanding
Arm hold down gag is T-type structure, and the cantilever hold down gag includes side plate, cantilever, vertical slide unit, depression bar, the side plate bottom
It is fixedly mounted on the side of the object stage, the side plate top is provided with vertical slide unit, one end of the cantilever vertically connects
It is connected on the vertical slide unit, makes the cantilever parallel with the object stage table top, the other end of the cantilever is offered vertically
Downward installing hole, is provided with the second ball bearing in installing hole, the depression bar is vertically set in second ball bearing,
And just right with the axostylus axostyle top, both axis overlap；The digital control computer respectively with the horizontal sliding table, rotary shaft and outstanding
Arm hold down gag connects.
Optimize, the object stage offers through slot along center to the scroll saw direction.
Optimize, the digital control computer is arranged in the support platform, respectively with the horizontal sliding table, the rotary shaft
In servomotor and the vertical slide unit connection in the cantilever hold down gag, to control the operation of each device.
Optimize, the axostylus axostyle top and depression bar bottom are mounted on rubber blanket.
Optimize, on the object stage table top, be provided with location graduation line.
Optimize, between first ball bearing and the object stage, first ball bearing and the axostylus axostyle it
Between, between second ball bearing and the cantilever, between second ball bearing and the depression bar, it is interference installation
Connection.
The present invention use process be：Start scroll saw, sheet material to be processed is placed on the object stage, by carrying
Sheet material is positioned by the location graduation line on thing platform, makes the center in region to be processed and the center superposition of axostylus axostyle；In digital control computer
The parameters such as input slab thickness, cutting pattern scale coordinate, after program fitting send instructions to the vertical slide unit, drive institute
State vertical slide unit to move down, drive the cantilever to push, finally make the depression bar and axostylus axostyle clamp the center of sheet material up and down；
The rubber blanket on wherein depression bar bottom and axostylus axostyle top both increased degree of friction, press sheet material tighter, increased relief area again, keep away
Exempt to damage sheet material by pressure.
After plate compact, program sends instructions to the horizontal sliding table, drives the slide unit to move forward, and drives described
Object stage center is moved to the scroll saw direction, and the scroll saw is through the through slot on the object stage, high-speed straight-line cutting plate
Material；When scroll saw reaches first cutting pattern coordinate points, program sends instructions to the servomotor, and servomotor starts,
Drive the axostylus axostyle slowly to rotate along axle center by speed-changing gear box, also drive sheet material and the depression bar synchronous rotary accordingly；
The level is sent instructions in rotary course Program according to the cutting parameter information such as pattern scale coordinate and axostylus axostyle rotating speed to slide
Platform, drives horizontal sliding table continuously to be moved forward and backward, and drives sheet material to be cut according to pattern path；When sheet material pattern-cut
When path reaches last coordinate points namely previously described first coordinate points, cutting is completed, and closes servomotor, is driven
The horizontal sliding table is moved rearwards by, the scroll saw i.e. along initial when linear incision exit, with sheet material depart from；Drive again vertically
Slide unit is moved up, and releases the clamping to sheet material, is taken out and has been cut the sheet material for completing, that is, completes time processing；Repeat above-mentioned step
Suddenly, you can realize continuous processing automatically.
The determination method at the machining area center is：Square frame-shaped region is drawn on sheet material to be processed, will be described to be added
Work pattern is integrally covered, and wherein four sides of square frame are tangent with the solstics of the correspondence direction of the pattern to be processed respectively, described
The midpoint in square frame-shaped region is the machining area center.
It is an advantage of the current invention that：The machinery automation processing of sheet material is achieved, production efficiency, Neng Goujia is substantially increased
The workpiece product of work Various Complex shape, machining accuracy are high, good repetitiveness, and the equipment operation is easy, and good stability has
Excellent practicality, can effectively promote the development of timber processing manufacturing industry.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the revolute axes configuration schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the top view of the suspended wall hold down gag and object stage of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As Figure 1-3, a kind of modified model carpenter scroll saw, including base 1, fuselage 2, upper rocker arm 3, lower shake-changing arm 4, scroll saw
5, also include travel table device, the travel table device include support platform 6, horizontal sliding table 7, object stage 8,
Rotary shaft 9, cantilever hold down gag 10, digital control computer 11.
The support platform 6 is located on the base 1, and the horizontal sliding table 7 is installed in the support platform 6, thereon
Portion is connected with the object stage 8, drives the center of the object stage 8 to carry out horizontal linear reciprocating motion to 5 direction of the scroll saw.
The center of the object stage 8 offers installing hole, is provided with the first ball bearing 81, the object stage in installing hole
8 offer through slot 82 along center to 5 direction of the scroll saw.
The rotary shaft 9 includes that axostylus axostyle 91, speed-changing gear box 92, servomotor 93,91 top of the axostylus axostyle are arranged on institute
State in the first ball bearing 81, and top is concordant with the table top of the object stage 8,91 bottom of the axostylus axostyle and speed-changing gear box 92
It is connected, the speed-changing gear box 92 is fixed on the bottom of the object stage 8, the servomotor 93 and the gear shift
Case 92 connects, and constitutes power source with the speed-changing gear box 92, drives the axostylus axostyle 91 to rotate along axle center.
The cantilever hold down gag 10 is T-type structure, including side plate 101, cantilever 102, vertical slide unit 103, depression bar 104,
101 bottom of the side plate is fixedly mounted on the side of the object stage 8, and 101 top of the side plate is provided with vertical slide unit
103, one end of the cantilever 102 is vertically connected on the vertical slide unit 103, makes the cantilever 102 with the object stage 8
Table top is parallel, and the other end of the cantilever 102 offers installing hole straight down, is provided with the second ball bearing in installing hole
105, the depression bar 104 is vertically set in second ball bearing 105, and just right with 91 top of the axostylus axostyle, Liang Zhezhong
Dead in line.
The digital control computer 11 in the support platform 6, respectively with the horizontal sliding table 7, rotary shaft 9 in watch
Take motor 93 and the vertical slide unit 103 in cantilever hold down gag 10 connects, to control the operation of each device.
The bottom of the top of the axostylus axostyle 91 and depression bar 104 is mounted on rubber blanket 12.
Location graduation line 83 is provided with the object stage table top.
Between first ball bearing 81 and the object stage 8, first ball bearing 81 and the axostylus axostyle 91 it
Between, between second ball bearing 105 and the cantilever 102, between second ball bearing 105 and the depression bar 104
It is interference and connection is installed.
The present invention use process be：Start scroll saw, sheet material to be processed is placed on the object stage 8, is passed through
Sheet material is positioned by the location graduation line 83 on object stage 8, makes the center in region to be processed and the center superposition of axostylus axostyle 91；In numerical control
In computer 11, the parameter such as input slab thickness, cutting pattern scale coordinate, sends instructions to the vertical cunning after program fitting
Platform 103, drives the vertical slide unit 103 to move down, and drives the cantilever 102 to push, finally makes the depression bar 104 and axostylus axostyle
About 91 centers for clamping sheet material；The rubber blanket 12 on wherein 91 top of 104 bottom of depression bar and axostylus axostyle both increased degree of friction, make
Sheet material is pressed tighter, increased relief area again, it is to avoid damage sheet material by pressure.
After plate compact, program sends instructions to the horizontal sliding table 7, drives the horizontal sliding table 7 to move forward, band
The center of the dynamic object stage 8 is moved to 5 direction of the scroll saw, and the scroll saw 5 passes through the through slot 82 on the object stage 8,
High-speed straight-line cuts sheet material；When scroll saw 5 reaches first cutting pattern coordinate points, program sends instructions to the servomotor
93, servomotor 93 starts, and drives the axostylus axostyle 91 slow along axle center rotation by speed-changing gear box 92, also drives plate accordingly
104 synchronous rotary of material and the depression bar；In rotary course Program according to rotating speed for cutting pattern scale coordinate and axostylus axostyle 91 etc.
Parameter information sends instructions to the horizontal sliding table 7, drives horizontal sliding table 7 continuously to be moved forward and backward, drive sheet material according to
Cut in pattern path；When sheet material pattern-cut path reaches last coordinate points namely aforesaid first coordinate points
When, cutting is completed, and closes servomotor 93, drives the horizontal sliding table 7 to be moved rearwards by, the scroll saw 5 i.e. along initial when straight
Line otch is exited, and is departed from sheet material；Drive vertical slide unit 103 to move up again, release the clamping to sheet material, take out and cut
The sheet material for completing, that is, complete time processing；Repeat the above steps, you can realize continuous processing automatically.
The determination method at the machining area center is：Square frame-shaped region is drawn on sheet material to be processed, will be described to be added
Work pattern is integrally covered, and wherein four sides of square frame are tangent with the solstics of the correspondence direction of the pattern to be processed respectively, described
The midpoint in square frame-shaped region is the machining area center.
The preferred embodiment of the invention is the foregoing is only, not in order to limit the invention, all at this
Any modification, equivalent and improvement that is made within the spirit and principle of innovation and creation etc., should be included in the invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of modified model carpenter scroll saw, including base, fuselage, upper rocker arm, lower shake-changing arm, scroll saw, it is characterised in that also include
Travel table device, the travel table device include support platform, horizontal sliding table, object stage, rotary shaft, cantilever
Hold down gag, digital control computer；The support platform is located on the base, and the horizontal sliding table is installed on the support platform
On, its top is connected with the object stage, drives the center of the object stage to carry out horizontal linear to the scroll saw direction reciprocal
Motion, the object stage center offer installing hole, are provided with the first ball bearing in installing hole, and the rotary sleeve is loaded on institute
State in the first ball bearing, the rotary shaft includes that axostylus axostyle, speed-changing gear box, servomotor, the axostylus axostyle top are arranged on institute
State in the first ball bearing, and top be concordant with the object stage table top, the axostylus axostyle bottom is connected with speed-changing gear box,
The speed-changing gear box is fixed on the object stage bottom, and the servomotor is connected with the speed-changing gear box, with the tooth
Wheel-speed regulating change box constitutes power source, drives the axostylus axostyle to rotate along axle center；The cantilever hold down gag be T-type structure, the cantilever
Hold down gag includes that side plate, cantilever, vertical slide unit, depression bar, the side plate bottom are fixedly mounted on the side of the object stage,
The side plate top is provided with vertical slide unit, and one end of the cantilever is vertically connected on the vertical slide unit, makes the cantilever
Parallel with the object stage table top, the other end of the cantilever offers installing hole straight down, is provided with installing hole
Two ball bearings, the depression bar are vertically set in second ball bearing, and just right with the axostylus axostyle top, both axis
Line overlaps；The digital control computer is connected with the horizontal sliding table, rotary shaft and cantilever hold down gag respectively.
2. modified model carpenter scroll saw according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the object stage is along center to the line
Saw direction offers through slot.
3. modified model carpenter scroll saw according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the axostylus axostyle top and depression bar bottom
End is mounted on rubber blanket.
4. modified model carpenter scroll saw according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is fixed to be provided with the object stage table top
Position graduation mark.
5. modified model carpenter scroll saw according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first ball bearing and the load
Between thing platform, between first ball bearing and the axostylus axostyle, between second ball bearing and the cantilever, described
Interference is between two ball bearings and the depression bar, and connection is installed.
6. modified model carpenter scroll saw according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the digital control computer is arranged on described
Support platform on, respectively with the horizontal sliding table, the rotary shaft in servomotor and the cantilever hold down gag in vertical
Slide unit connects, to control the operation of each device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510176003.5A CN104742195B (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2015-04-14 | A kind of modified model carpenter scroll saw |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510176003.5A CN104742195B (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2015-04-14 | A kind of modified model carpenter scroll saw |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104742195A CN104742195A (en) | 2015-07-01 |
| CN104742195B true CN104742195B (en) | 2017-03-15 |
Family
ID=53582735
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510176003.5A Active CN104742195B (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2015-04-14 | A kind of modified model carpenter scroll saw |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104742195B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105538437B (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2017-10-13 | 南京林业大学 | Scattered bamboos fell saw |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2394789A (en) * | 1943-09-22 | 1946-02-12 | Georges I Lavoie | Band saw |
| EP0044249A1 (en) * | 1980-07-07 | 1982-01-20 | Daniel André Bertoux | Worktable on which a scroll saw is mounted |
| US5228376A (en) * | 1992-08-12 | 1993-07-20 | Huang Chin Chun | Scroll saw |
| CN2208476Y (en) * | 1994-08-18 | 1995-09-27 | 张仙德 | Computer numerically controlled steel wire sawing machine |
| US5540130A (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1996-07-30 | Chin-Chun Huang | Saw machine |
| CN2621893Y (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2004-06-30 | 青岛地恩地机电科技股份有限公司 | Circle cutting attachment of turning saw |
| CN201105461Y (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2008-08-27 | 陈伟良 | Straight saw cutter for cutting thin slice |
| CN204686999U (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-10-07 | 旌德县徽宏仿古家具有限公司 | A kind of modified carpenters line saw |
-
2015
- 2015-04-14 CN CN201510176003.5A patent/CN104742195B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2394789A (en) * | 1943-09-22 | 1946-02-12 | Georges I Lavoie | Band saw |
| EP0044249A1 (en) * | 1980-07-07 | 1982-01-20 | Daniel André Bertoux | Worktable on which a scroll saw is mounted |
| US5228376A (en) * | 1992-08-12 | 1993-07-20 | Huang Chin Chun | Scroll saw |
| CN2208476Y (en) * | 1994-08-18 | 1995-09-27 | 张仙德 | Computer numerically controlled steel wire sawing machine |
| US5540130A (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1996-07-30 | Chin-Chun Huang | Saw machine |
| CN2621893Y (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2004-06-30 | 青岛地恩地机电科技股份有限公司 | Circle cutting attachment of turning saw |
| CN201105461Y (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2008-08-27 | 陈伟良 | Straight saw cutter for cutting thin slice |
| CN204686999U (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-10-07 | 旌德县徽宏仿古家具有限公司 | A kind of modified carpenters line saw |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104742195A (en) | 2015-07-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN202782414U (en) | Multifunctional engraving machine for stone | |
| CN104985221A (en) | Drilling machine with tire mold sidewall board provided with chuck tool | |
| CN204686999U (en) | A kind of modified carpenters line saw | |
| CN104742194B (en) | A kind of cutting method of inner circle | |
| CN104742195B (en) | A kind of modified model carpenter scroll saw | |
| CN201952026U (en) | Slantly-shearing automatic forward-feeding device | |
| CN108380956B (en) | Board cutting device for building | |
| CN104117724A (en) | Symmetrical double-shaft cutting machine | |
| CN206997914U (en) | A kind of cutter device | |
| CN104971985A (en) | Intelligent saw blade punching machine tool | |
| CN104441061A (en) | Universal rotating saw head | |
| CN105479188A (en) | Novel high-grade numerical control machine tool body | |
| CN204687000U (en) | A kind of modified carpenters line saw | |
| CN204800280U (en) | Four -axis linkage worker clamp device for equipment is milled in numerical control | |
| CN209565769U (en) | A kind of double main shaft complex milling machine tools | |
| CN102390091B (en) | Numerical control high-speed band sawing machine for diamond | |
| CN208427817U (en) | A kind of portable mold copying cutting machine | |
| CN202861412U (en) | High-precision numerical control (NC) vertical lathe | |
| CN107283649B (en) | A kind of cutting equipment | |
| CN201049403Y (en) | Digital control rotary saw | |
| CN205438024U (en) | High ray apparatus machining center of duplex platform | |
| CN210616778U (en) | Edge sawing machine for plates | |
| CN208811603U (en) | A kind of fraise jig | |
| CN200984769Y (en) | Laser wood cutting machine | |
| CN205380444U (en) | Novel high -grade numerical control machine tools main part |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20240328 Address after: 2422000 no.8226, 2nd floor, health intelligent manufacturing center, No.2 Jingba Road, Huangjia Park, Jingde Economic Development Zone, Xuancheng City, Anhui Province Patentee after: JINGDE HANHAI XINGYUN INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: 242699 Xinqiao Development Zone, Jingde County, Xuancheng City, Anhui Province (behind Xinqiao Road) Patentee before: JINGDE HUIHONG ANTIQUE FURNITURE CO.,LTD. Country or region before: China |