CN104735373A - Method for reading data from frame transfer CCD high-frame-frequency window imaging area - Google Patents
Method for reading data from frame transfer CCD high-frame-frequency window imaging area Download PDFInfo
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- CN104735373A CN104735373A CN201510145528.2A CN201510145528A CN104735373A CN 104735373 A CN104735373 A CN 104735373A CN 201510145528 A CN201510145528 A CN 201510145528A CN 104735373 A CN104735373 A CN 104735373A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reading data from a frame transfer CCD high-frame-frequency window imaging area. For a frame transfer CCD detector of M lines and N rows, the high-frame-frequency reading of the window imaging area p*q is achieved, wherein the line number p is smaller than M and the row number q is smaller than N. The method includes the steps of firstly, conducting full-frame exposure; secondly, transferring p lines of valid pixels required to be read to the bottom of a storage area through perpendicular transfer and line discard time sequence control; thirdly, discarding the rest of pixels in each line after q valid pixels of the line are read through the horizontal and perpendicular transfer of the storage area and the line discard time sequence control, wherein p lines are read in total and p*q valid pixels are read in total; fourthly, discarding the rest of unread invalid lines in the storage area. Frame transfer CCD window imaging of any size is achieved, and the imaging frame frequency of a device can be increased. The method is suitable for the application fields of star sensors, photoelectric fine tracking instruments and the like, and the functions of high-time-resolution accurate positioning and tracking are achieved.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of ccd detector data read method, be specifically related to a kind of frame transfer CCD high frame rate and window imaging region data read method.
Background technology:
Face battle array frame transfer CCD is the imageing sensor that photodetection field is commonly used.Conventional standard signal readout mode be photogenerated charges all in an integration period is all passed through vertically, horizontal transfer, final output one frame complete image.At present, the face battle array scale of frame transfer CCD is mostly more than 256 × 256, and large area array CCD can reach up to ten million pixel.
But in some special applications, such as Rotating Platform for High Precision Star Sensor, essence follows the tracks of photoelectric instrument etc., its observed object mostly is independent asterism or beacon luminous point, field range is very little, do not need the whole faces battle array scope with full CCD, the redundant data that comprehensive battle array imaging brings can cause the burden of system data amount on the contrary.Meanwhile, to observation time, this quasi-instrument distinguishes that the requirement of rate is very high, needs constantly to judge moving among a small circle of asterism or luminous point at short notice fast, thus realizes the function of accurately location, tracking.Therefore, this quasi-instrument for the windowing function of detector and high frame rate performance requirement very urgent.
The method in the past increasing CCD frame frequency mainly relies on the raising of CCD self read-out speed.But because most of frame transfer CCD faces battle array scale own is large, the frame period reduces very limited.Also have the photosensitive line number being reduced CCD photosensitive area by modes such as masks, the high frame rate realizing certain imaging line number reads.But these class methods can only realize fixed position in vertical direction and size is windowed, still need all pixels reading each effective row, thus windowing function and high frame rate performance boost limited.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention proposes a kind of frame transfer CCD high frame rate to window imaging region data read method, solve the technical problem that frame transfer CCD carries out high frame rate fenestella mode imaging.
As shown in Figure 1, for the frame transfer ccd detector of the capable N row of M, the high frame rate of the imaging region p × q (p < M, q < N) that can realize windowing reads.Its step comprises:
Step 1, full frame exposure: CCD powers on after normal work, and all M × N number of pixel of photosensitive area starts integration;
Step 2, by vertical transitions and row abandon sequencing control, be transferred to bottom memory block by needing the capable effective pixel of p read: as shown in Figure 2, after integration completes, carry out M+k vertical transitions to all pixels in photosensitive area and memory block, wherein k represents the line number at interval between bottom a line and the top, memory block a line in imaging region of windowing.In M+k transfer process, by the sequencing control to CCD, last k transfer is made to open and abandon raceway groove, front M closedown or open and abandon raceway groove and do not affect method; After this step completes, the electric charge that the capable pixel of k of photosensitive area bottom produces in this frame imaging process all abandons by abandoning raceway groove, and the electric charge that in imaging region of windowing, bottom a line pixel produces enters in the horizontal transfer register of bottom, memory block; Meanwhile, the photosensitive area of CCD starts the integration of next frame, if the vertical transfer clock cycle is T
v, then this step (M+k) × T consuming time altogether
v;
Step 3, by memory block level, vertical transitions and row abandon sequencing control, often namely row abandons this row residue pixel after reading q effective pixel, read p altogether capable, amount to and read p × q effectively pixel: as shown in Figure 3, after step 2 completes, electric charge in horizontal transfer register carries out horizontal transfer reading, keeps abandoning raceway groove and close in transfer process; After horizontal transfer q time, open and abandon raceway groove, carry out 1 memory block vertical transitions, then closedown abandons raceway groove.This step repeats p time altogether, each reading q pixel, reads whole p × q effective pixels that this frame is windowed in imaging region altogether, if the horizontal transfer clock cycle is T
h, then this step p × q consuming time × T altogether
h+ p × T
v;
Step 4, all to abandon remaining the inactive line do not read in memory block: as shown in Figure 4, after step 3 completes, in memory block, also remain the capable electric charge of M-p-k.This step carries out M-p-k vertical transitions in memory block, and transfer is opened therebetween and abandoned raceway groove, is all abandoned by these electric charges, and this step is (M-p-k) × T consuming time altogether
v.
As shown in Figure 5, step 1-4 covers the complete imaging frame period.Wherein step 1 is full frame exposure, and its time for exposure is equivalent to the time sum of step 3 and step 4.Step 3 and the step 4 of former frame, carry out with the step 1 of this frame imaging simultaneously.
Described frame transfer CCD high frame rate is windowed reading method, complete a frame read needed for time be:
(M+k)×T
v+p×q×T
h+p×T
v+(M-p-k)×T
v＝2M×T
v+p×q×T
h
Frame transfer CCD adopt traditional full frame (not windowing) read needed for time be:
2M×T
v+M×N×T
h
Frame period can be shortened (N-q) × T by method of the present invention
h, thus improve CCD and to read frame frequency to traditional full frame mode
doubly.
Frame transfer CCD windowing method of the present invention, can realize windowing of optional position, photosensitive area and arbitrary size in vertical direction, and can realize windowing of arbitrary size in the horizontal direction, but position of windowing must near reading port one end.
There is several rows transitional region in some frame transfer CCD, this type of CCD adopts method of the present invention between photosensitive area and memory block, and in step 2, vertical transitions number of times needs to increase, and increases the line number that number of times is transition row.
The present invention is suitable for the photoelectronic imaging application of small field of view localization and tracking, can with tradition on a large scale low frame rate detect and be combined, rough tracking location is carried out in the battle array imaging of large face, then is switched to fenestella high frame rate pattern and carries out accurate tracking location to target light source.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Accompanying drawing 1 to be windowed imaging schematic diagram for frame transfer CCD.
Accompanying drawing 2 is step 2 schematic diagram of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 3 is step 3 schematic diagram of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 4 is step 4 schematic diagram of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 5 is time course schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment:
According to summary of the invention, the present embodiment, based on the frame transfer CCD chip CCD67 of E2V company, realizes high frame rate and to window imaging.
In the present embodiment, the photosensitive area of CCD67 and memory block size are all 268 × 264 (264 row, 268 row), and adopt single-ended reading, horizontal transfer speed is set to 2MHz, and vertical transitions speed is set to 1MHz, and size of windowing is set to 40 × 40.Then M=264, N=268, p=q=40, T
v=1 μ s, T
h=0.5 μ s.Position of windowing is in stage casing, photosensitive area, near the position reading port, gets k=100.
The driver' s timing of CCD controls to adopt the Spartan-6FPGA of Xilinx company to coordinate EL7457 chip to produce, and IMAQ uses the video processor AD80066 of AD company to realize.Carry out imaging and pixel reading in accordance with the following steps:
Step 1, full frame exposure: CCD67 powers on after normal work, and all 268 × 264 pixels of photosensitive area start integration;
Step 2, by vertical transitions and row abandon sequencing control, by need read the effective pixel of 40 row be transferred to bottom memory block: after integration completes, 364 vertical transitions are carried out to all pixels in photosensitive area and memory block.In 364 transfer processes, by the sequencing control to CCD, make last 100 transfers open and abandon raceway groove, front close or open for 264 times abandon raceway groove method do not affected.After step 2 completes, the electric charge that 100 row pixels of photosensitive area bottom produce in this frame imaging process all abandons by abandoning raceway groove, and the electric charge that in imaging region of windowing, bottom a line pixel produces enters in the horizontal transfer register of bottom, memory block.Meanwhile, the photosensitive area of CCD starts the integration of next frame.This step is 364 × 1 μ s=364 μ s consuming time altogether;
Step 3, by memory block level, vertical transitions and row abandon sequencing control, often namely abandon this row residue pixel after capable reading 40 effective pixels, read 40 row altogether, amount to reading 40 × 40 effective pixels: after step 2 completes, electric charge in horizontal transfer register carries out horizontal transfer reading, keeps abandoning raceway groove and close in transfer process.After horizontal transfer 40 times, open and abandon raceway groove, carry out 1 memory block vertical transitions, then closedown abandons raceway groove.This step repeats 40 times altogether, and each reading 40 pixels, read whole 40 × 40 effective pixels that this frame is windowed in imaging region altogether.This step is 40 × 1 μ s+40 × 40 × 0.5 μ s=840 μ s consuming time altogether;
Step 4, all to abandon remaining the inactive line do not read in memory block: after step 3 completes, in memory block, also remain 124 row electric charges.This step carries out 124 vertical transitions in memory block, and transfer is opened therebetween and abandoned raceway groove, is all abandoned by these electric charges.This step is 124 × 1 μ s=124 μ s consuming time altogether.
In the present embodiment, the time completed needed for a frame reading is:
364μs+840μs+124μs＝1328μs
Adopt same CCD67, under identical transfer rate condition, the time needed for traditional full frame (not windowing) reads is:
2×264×1μs+268×264×0.5μs＝35904μs
In the present embodiment, adopt the method for the invention, 34576 μ s will be shortened the frame period, thus raising CCD reading frame frequency is to 27 times of traditional full frame mode.
Claims (1)
1. a frame transfer CCD high frame rate is windowed imaging region data read method, for the frame transfer ccd detector of the capable N row of M, set the imaging region p × q that windows, wherein line number p < M, columns q < N, it is characterized in that, the window data read method step of imaging region of set p × q is as follows:
Step 1, full frame exposure: CCD powers on after normal work, and all M × N number of pixel of photosensitive area starts integration;
Step 2, by vertical transitions and row abandon sequencing control, be transferred to bottom memory block by needing the capable effective pixel of p read: after integration completes, carry out M+k vertical transitions to all pixels in photosensitive area and memory block, wherein k represents the line number at interval between bottom a line and the top, memory block a line in imaging region of windowing; In M+k transfer process, by the sequencing control to CCD, last k transfer is made to open and abandon raceway groove, front M closedown or open and abandon raceway groove and do not affect method; After this step completes, the electric charge that the capable pixel of k of photosensitive area bottom produces in this frame imaging process all abandons by abandoning raceway groove, and the electric charge that in imaging region of windowing, bottom a line pixel produces enters in the horizontal transfer register of bottom, memory block; Meanwhile, the photosensitive area of CCD starts the integration of next frame;
Step 3, by memory block level, vertical transitions and row abandon sequencing control, often namely row abandons this row residue pixel after reading q effective pixel, read p altogether capable, amount to and read p × q effectively pixel: after step 2 completes, electric charge in horizontal transfer register carries out horizontal transfer reading, keeps abandoning raceway groove and close in transfer process; After horizontal transfer q time, open and abandon raceway groove, carry out 1 memory block vertical transitions, then closedown abandons raceway groove.This step repeats p time altogether, each reading q pixel, reads whole p × q effective pixels that this frame is windowed in imaging region altogether;
Step 4, all to abandon remaining the inactive line do not read in memory block: after step 3 completes, the capable electric charge of M-p-k is also remained in memory block, this step carries out M-p-k vertical transitions in memory block, opens and abandon raceway groove during transfer, is all abandoned by these electric charges.
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| CN112383726A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-19 | 厦门大学 | CCD high-speed signal acquisition method and device |
| CN113938623A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-14 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | Frame transfer CCD with pixel-like exposure control structure |
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