CN104734907A - Method for actively measuring end-to-end path performance of OpenFlow network and system adopted by the same - Google Patents
Method for actively measuring end-to-end path performance of OpenFlow network and system adopted by the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种主动测量OpenFlow网络端到端路径性能的方法及其所采用的系统,针对目前无法测量OpenFlow网络端到端路径性能的问题,提出了一种OpenFlow主动测量协议OFMP和以控制器为中心的高效测量方法与系统。该测量方法与系统能够为调试SDN控制程序、定量分析SDN体系结构与机制及评估网络行为提供技术手段和实用工具。在设备时钟同步情况下,系统发送一个分组就可以高效测量特定流的路由、单向时延、往返时延、逐段单向时延、控制平面与数据平面之间时延和丢包率等端到端性能参数。此外,该测量系统在设备时钟不同步或具有非OFMP使能设备的情况下也能测量部分重要性能指标,并具有处理OFMP协议的开销小等特点。
A method for actively measuring the end-to-end path performance of an OpenFlow network and the system used in it. Aiming at the problem that the end-to-end path performance of an OpenFlow network cannot be measured at present, an OpenFlow active measurement protocol OFMP and a controller-centered Efficient measurement methods and systems. The measurement method and system can provide technical means and practical tools for debugging SDN control programs, quantitatively analyzing SDN architecture and mechanisms, and evaluating network behavior. In the case of device clock synchronization, the system can efficiently measure the routing, one-way delay, round-trip delay, segment-by-segment one-way delay, delay between the control plane and the data plane, and packet loss rate of a specific flow by sending a packet. End-to-end performance parameters. In addition, the measurement system can also measure some important performance indicators when the device clock is not synchronized or has a non-OFMP-enabled device, and has the characteristics of low overhead for processing the OFMP protocol.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于网络通信领域,具体地说是提出一种主动测量OpenFlow网络端到端路径性能的方法与系统。 The invention belongs to the field of network communication, and specifically proposes a method and system for actively measuring the end-to-end path performance of an OpenFlow network.
背景技术 Background technique
目前,软件定义网络(Software Defined Networking,SDN)的网络体系结构为强化网络功能、缩短网络创新周期和解决因特网难题提供了一条新的技术途径。尽管基于OpenFlow的SDN已经在数据中心、网络管理、网络安全等领域得到了应用,验证了SDN体系结构的可行性和可用性,但由于SDN架构更为复杂,并且缺乏调试SDN控制程序、定量分析SDN体系结构与机制及评估网络行为的技术手段,这些严重地阻碍了SDN的科学发展。 At present, the network architecture of Software Defined Networking (SDN) provides a new technical approach to strengthen network functions, shorten network innovation cycles and solve Internet problems. Although OpenFlow-based SDN has been applied in data centers, network management, network security and other fields, and has verified the feasibility and usability of the SDN architecture, the SDN architecture is more complex and lacks the ability to debug SDN control programs and quantitatively analyze SDN. The architecture and mechanism and technical means of evaluating network behavior seriously hinder the scientific development of SDN.
网络测量是理解网络行为的基本手段和定量评估网络性能的重要方法。伴随着因特网技术的发展,发展了包括主动测量和被动测量两种模式的网络测量技术。而目前SDN中的OpenFlow规范仅提供了从控制器实时获取流信息的接口,这在一定程度上提供了一种集中式的被动测量方式。被动测量有其局限性,难以测量诸如两点之间连通性以及连通性能等多种参数并且实现技术复杂。IP网络的经验告诉我们,网络端到端路径性能是网络中最重要的指标之一,而获取性能参数的主要手段是主动测量。主动测量通过向路径源端发送测量报文(序列),然后观察分析测量报文(probe)在网络传输过程中产生的变化,从而推测出网络状态和相关性能参数。这种主动注入并跟踪分组真实路由的测量方式更能反映问题真实情况。然而,SDN目前缺乏实用的主动测量机制和方法。 Network measurement is a basic means to understand network behavior and an important method to quantitatively evaluate network performance. With the development of Internet technology, network measurement technology including two modes of active measurement and passive measurement has been developed. However, the current OpenFlow specification in SDN only provides an interface for real-time acquisition of flow information from the controller, which provides a centralized passive measurement method to a certain extent. Passive measurement has its limitations, it is difficult to measure various parameters such as connectivity between two points and connectivity performance, and the implementation technology is complex. The experience of IP network tells us that the end-to-end path performance of the network is one of the most important indicators in the network, and the main means of obtaining performance parameters is active measurement. Active measurement sends measurement packets (sequences) to the path source, and then observes and analyzes changes in the measurement packets (probe) during network transmission, thereby inferring network status and related performance parameters. This measurement method of actively injecting and tracking the real route of the packet can better reflect the real situation of the problem. However, SDN currently lacks practical active measurement mechanisms and methods.
对比IP网络中的主动测量机制,不难发现在SDN中发展高效易用的主动测量机制存在着很大困难。首先是可行性,IP网络中任何两点之间都默认存在着端到端路径,这使测量端到端性能成为可能,而在SDN(以下以OpenFlow 网络为例)中两点之间的路径可能并不存在,即便存在,分组也要遵从控制器下发给交换机的流转发规则。其次是易用性,IP网络具有支持网络测量的协议如网际控制报文协议(Internet control messages protocol,ICMP),这使主动测量易于进行,而在SDN中并不存在这样一种协议。第三是高效性,IP结点协议栈内置支持主动测量功能,这使测量任务能够高效完成,而SDN结点却不能提供这种支持。实现高效易用的SDN主动测量机制必须要面对和解决这些问题。 Comparing the active measurement mechanism in the IP network, it is not difficult to find that there are great difficulties in developing an efficient and easy-to-use active measurement mechanism in the SDN. The first is feasibility. There is an end-to-end path between any two points in an IP network by default, which makes it possible to measure end-to-end performance. In SDN (the OpenFlow network is used as an example below), the path between two points It may not exist. Even if it exists, the packet must follow the flow forwarding rules issued by the controller to the switch. The second is ease of use. IP networks have protocols that support network measurements such as Internet Control Messages Protocol (Internet Control Messages Protocol, ICMP), which makes active measurements easy to perform, but there is no such protocol in SDN. The third is efficiency. The IP node protocol stack has built-in support for active measurement functions, which enables the measurement tasks to be completed efficiently, but SDN nodes cannot provide this support. To realize an efficient and easy-to-use SDN active measurement mechanism must face and solve these problems.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明针对目前在OpenFlow网络中无法有效进行端到端路径性能测量的问题,提出一种主动测量OpenFlow网络端到端路径性能的方法及其所采用的系统。 Aiming at the problem that the end-to-end path performance cannot be effectively measured in the OpenFlow network at present, the present invention proposes a method for actively measuring the end-to-end path performance of the OpenFlow network and the system adopted therein.
本发明的技术方案是: Technical scheme of the present invention is:
一种主动测量OpenFlow网络端到端路径性能的方法,在OpenFlow规范的基础上,它包括下列步骤: A method for actively measuring the end-to-end path performance of an OpenFlow network, based on the OpenFlow specification, it includes the following steps:
A.用户发送网络端到端路径性能的测量指令至OFMP使能控制器,OFMP使能控制器接到用户发送的网络端到端路径性能的测量指令后,解析测量指令获取测量指标和测量路径,构造OFMP测量报文并在测量报文中写入OFMP使能控制器的本地测量信息,按照测量路径向其中的首跳OFMP使能交换机发送该测量报文(首跳和最后一跳交换机均为OFMP使能交换机),所述的OFMP测量报文包括测量路径和测量路径中各OFMP使能交换机的本地测量信息; A. The user sends the measurement instruction of the network end-to-end path performance to the OFMP-enabled controller. After receiving the measurement instruction of the network end-to-end path performance sent by the user, the OFMP-enabled controller analyzes the measurement instruction to obtain the measurement index and measurement path , construct an OFMP measurement message and write the local measurement information of the OFMP-enabled controller in the measurement message, and send the measurement message to the first-hop OFMP-enabled switch according to the measurement path (the first-hop and last-hop switches are both Enable switch for OFMP), said OFMP measurement message includes the local measurement information of each OFMP enabled switch in the measurement path and the measurement path;
B.首跳OFMP使能交换机接收到来自OFMP使能控制器的OFMP测量报文,在测量报文中写入本地测量信息,按照测量路径向下一跳交换机发送,如果该交换机是OFMP使能交换机,则在测量报文中写入该OFMP使能交换机的本地测量信息,然后向下一跳交换机发送该测量报文;如果该交换机不是OFMP使能交换机,则再向其下一跳交换机发送该测量报文;依次遍历测量路径中的所有交换机完成OFMP测量报文的转发,最后一跳OFMP使能交 换机在OFMP测量报文写入本地测量信息后将其返回OFMP使能控制器; B. The first-hop OFMP-enabled switch receives the OFMP measurement message from the OFMP-enabled controller, writes local measurement information in the measurement message, and sends it to the next-hop switch according to the measurement path. If the switch is OFMP-enabled switch, write the local measurement information of the OFMP-enabled switch in the measurement message, and then send the measurement message to the next-hop switch; if the switch is not an OFMP-enabled switch, then send it to the next-hop switch The measurement message; traverse all switches in the measurement path in turn to complete the forwarding of the OFMP measurement message, and the last hop OFMP enables the switch to return the OFMP enable controller after the OFMP measurement message is written into the local measurement information;
C.OFMP使能控制器根据测量指标的要求,对OFMP测量报文中的各使能交换机的本地测量信息序列进行处理,得到端到端路径性能参数,并向用户显示这些性能参数。 C. The OFMP enabled controller processes the local measurement information sequence of each enabled switch in the OFMP measurement message according to the requirements of the measurement index, obtains end-to-end path performance parameters, and displays these performance parameters to the user.
本发明的步骤A中:OFMP使能控制器是指能够理解OpenFlow测量协议OFMP,并执行相应功能的OpenFlow控制器;OFMP交换机是指能够理解OpenFlow测量协议OFMP,并执行相应功能的OpenFlow交换机。 In step A of the present invention: the OFMP-enabled controller refers to an OpenFlow controller capable of understanding the OpenFlow measurement protocol OFMP and performing corresponding functions; the OFMP switch refers to an OpenFlow switch capable of understanding the OpenFlow measurement protocol OFMP and performing corresponding functions.
本发明的步骤A中:测量路径是指在OpenFlow网络中测量报文从OFMP使能控制器发出、由测量指标要求而设定的交换机序列直至返回OFMP使能控制器的路径,该路径中交换机序列的部分与被测流的路径一致。 In step A of the present invention: the measurement path refers to the path in which the measurement message is sent from the OFMP enabled controller in the OpenFlow network, and the switch sequence set by the measurement index requirements until returning to the OFMP enabled controller. The part of the sequence is consistent with the path of the flow being measured.
本发明的步骤A中:测量指标是指端到端路径的性能测度,包括路由即测量分组所经过的路径结点序列、往返时延、单向时延、丢包率、交换机逐跳时延和控制平面与数据平面间的时延中的一个或多个。 In step A of the present invention: the measurement index refers to the performance measurement of the end-to-end path, including routing, that is, the path node sequence that the measurement packet passes through, the round-trip delay, the one-way delay, the packet loss rate, and the hop-by-hop delay of the switch One or more of delays between the control plane and the data plane.
本发明的步骤A中:OFMP是OFMP使能交换机与OFMP使能控制器或OFMP使能交换机之间通信的协议,OFMP的报文格式包括基本字段:Version字段用于表示OFMP版本号,Flag字段中包括多种测量方式(如单次测量或多次测量,单向测量或往返测量)的标识位,Identification字段和Sequence Number字段用于标识不同的主动测量过程和相同主动测量过程中的不同报文,Path Pointer字段表示插入路径测量记录的当前位置的指针,Measurement Start字段和Measurement End字段用于标识测量路径的起点和终点交换机的Dpid值,Path Record字段用于存放本结点标识Dpid或主机的MAC和测量报文到达本设备的时刻。 In step A of the present invention: OFMP is a protocol for communication between OFMP enabled switches and OFMP enabled controllers or OFMP enabled switches, and the message format of OFMP includes basic fields: the Version field is used to represent the OFMP version number, and the Flag field Including the identification bits of multiple measurement methods (such as single measurement or multiple measurements, one-way measurement or round-trip measurement), the Identification field and the Sequence Number field are used to identify different active measurement processes and different reports in the same active measurement process In the text, the Path Pointer field indicates the pointer to insert the current position of the path measurement record, the Measurement Start field and the Measurement End field are used to identify the starting point and the Dpid value of the end switch of the measurement path, and the Path Record field is used to store the node identification Dpid or the host The time when the MAC and measurement packets arrive at the device.
本发明的本地测量信息包括本地设备的标识符和本地时钟时间,所述的本地设备的标识符为Dpid或MAC地址。 The local measurement information in the present invention includes an identifier of a local device and a local clock time, and the identifier of the local device is a Dpid or a MAC address.
本发明的步骤B中,首跳OFMP使能交换机以PACKET OUT方式接收到来自OFMP使能控制器的OFMP测量报文,最后一跳交换机,则以PACKET IN方式向OFMP使能控制器返回该测量报文。 In step B of the present invention, the first hop OFMP enabled switch receives the OFMP measurement message from the OFMP enabled controller in the PACKET OUT mode, and the last hop switch returns the measurement message to the OFMP enabled controller in the PACKET IN mode message.
一种主动测量OpenFlow网络端到端路径性能的方法所采用的系统,其特征在于,在OpenFlow规范的基础上,OpenFlow主动测量系统包括一台OFMP 使能控制器和至少两台OFMP使能交换机,系统测量端到端路径时,路径的首跳和最后一跳交换机均为OFMP使能交换机。 A system adopted in a method for actively measuring OpenFlow network end-to-end path performance is characterized in that, on the basis of the OpenFlow specification, the OpenFlow active measurement system includes an OFMP enabled controller and at least two OFMP enabled switches, When the system measures an end-to-end path, the first-hop and last-hop switches of the path are both OFMP-enabled switches.
在系统中,OFMP使能控制器和所有OFMP使能探测设备的时钟均能够采用如网络时间协议(NTP)或卫星授时等方法进行时钟同步。若系统时钟同步,能够测量4、定义的所有性能指标;若但系统时钟不同步,也能够测量往返时延和丢包率等部分性能指标; In the system, clocks of the OFMP-enabled controller and all OFMP-enabled detection devices can be synchronized by methods such as Network Time Protocol (NTP) or satellite timing. If the system clock is synchronized, all performance indicators defined in 4. can be measured; if the system clock is not synchronized, some performance indicators such as round-trip delay and packet loss rate can also be measured;
穿越非OFMP使能交换机的功能。对于存在非OFMP使能交换机(如OpenFlow交换机)的系统,本测量系统仍能够测量端到端路径的单向时延/丢包率、双向时延/丢包率等性能指标。 The function of traversing non-OFMP-enabled switches. For systems with non-OFMP-enabled switches (such as OpenFlow switches), this measurement system can still measure performance indicators such as one-way delay/packet loss rate and two-way delay/packet loss rate of the end-to-end path.
本发明的有益效果: Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明首次提出了一种以集中式架构测量OpenFlow网络端到端路径性能的方法和系统,解决了目前无法测量端到端路径性能的难题。 The present invention proposes for the first time a method and system for measuring the end-to-end path performance of the OpenFlow network with a centralized architecture, which solves the problem that the end-to-end path performance cannot be measured at present.
本发明还具有以下优点:(1)在设备时钟同步并且无需更改流的转发策略情况下,控制器发送一个测量报文就能高效地得到指定流的路由、单向时延、往返时延、逐段单向时延和丢包率等端到端性能参数;(2)在设备时钟不同步情况下,能够测量指定流的部分重要端到端性能参数;(3)能够跨越非OFMP使能结点进行测量;(4)处理OFMP的开销小;(5)能够测量控制平面与数据平面之间的时延。 The present invention also has the following advantages: (1) under the condition that the device clock is synchronized and there is no need to change the forwarding strategy of the flow, the controller can efficiently obtain the route, one-way delay, round-trip delay, End-to-end performance parameters such as segment-by-segment one-way delay and packet loss rate; (2) When the device clock is not synchronized, it can measure some important end-to-end performance parameters of the specified flow; (3) It can span non-OFMP enabled (4) The overhead of processing OFMP is small; (5) The time delay between the control plane and the data plane can be measured.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为主动测量系统的结构示意图。 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the active measurement system.
图2为OFMP报文处理流程图。 FIG. 2 is a flow chart of OFMP message processing.
图3为路径结点全OFMP使能时单向累积时延的平均值的实验结果示意图。 FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the experimental results of the average value of the one-way cumulative time delay when all the path nodes are enabled with OFMP.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下边结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步地说明。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
首先给出本发明所需要的环境,图1给出了系统的试验环境。其中包括OpenFlow使能交换机5台、PICA公司的P3290普通交换机1台、POX使能 控制器1台和Linux端主机2台以及Spirent流量发生器1台。5台OpenFlow使能交换机S1、S2、S3、S5和S6均为运行openflow-1.0.0软件的Linux PC。这些PC采用i5-3470CPU,主频为3.2GHz,内存为4GB,具有4端口千兆以太网,它们的Dpid值分别设为1、2、3、5、6,交换机S4的Dpid设为4。其中交换机S1、S2、S3、S5和S6和控制器都运行了OFM守护进程,是OFMP使能结点,交换机S4则是非OFMP使能的。控制器采用了pox-carp版本,与交换机之间使用带内方式互连。控制子网为10.0.0.0/24,而数据平面的OpenFlow子网IP地址为192.168.1.0/24。此外,所有交换机均可运行NTP协议,它们与控制器能够进行毫秒级的时钟同步。 Firstly, the environment required by the present invention is given, and Fig. 1 shows the experimental environment of the system. These include 5 OpenFlow-enabled switches, 1 PICA P3290 common switch, 1 POX-enabled controller, 2 Linux-side hosts, and 1 Spirent traffic generator. The five OpenFlow-enabled switches S1, S2, S3, S5 and S6 are all Linux PCs running openflow-1.0.0 software. These PCs use i5-3470CPU with a main frequency of 3.2GHz, 4GB of memory, and 4-port Gigabit Ethernet. Their Dpid values are set to 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 respectively, and the Dpid of the switch S4 is set to 4. The switches S1, S2, S3, S5 and S6 and the controller all run the OFM daemon process and are OFMP-enabled nodes, and the switch S4 is not OFMP-enabled. The controller adopts the pox-carp version, and is interconnected with the switch in an in-band manner. The control subnet is 10.0.0.0/24, and the OpenFlow subnet IP address of the data plane is 192.168.1.0/24. In addition, all switches can run the NTP protocol, which allows millisecond-level clock synchronization with the controller.
图3给出了本发明实施例的流程图,该流程开始于步骤S101,然后在步骤S102中,用户发送测量指令,OFMP使能控制器解析测量路径和指标,构造测量报文并写入测量信息,发送测量报文;在步骤S103中,首跳OFMP使能交换机解析出测量报文,写入测量信息;在步骤S104中,判断是测量控制平面和数据平面间的时延,如果是,到步骤S111中向OFMP控制器发测量报文,否则转步骤S105,向下一跳交换机发送测量报文;然后到步骤S106,判断是否是OFMP交换机,如果是转步骤S107,判断是否该OFMP交换机是路径最后一跳;如果是,转步骤S111,否则转步骤S108,判断是否是往返测量且该OFMP交换机是路径中点;如果是,转步骤S109,按原路径相反方向发测量报文,然后转步骤S105,否则直接转步骤S105。在步骤S111,转步骤S112,OFMP控制器处理测量报文并显示测量信息,最后至S113,处理流程结束。 Figure 3 shows the flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention, the process starts at step S101, and then in step S102, the user sends a measurement command, OFMP enables the controller to analyze the measurement path and index, constructs a measurement message and writes it into the measurement information, send measurement message; in step S103, the first-hop OFMP enable switch parses the measurement message, and writes the measurement information; in step S104, it is judged to measure the time delay between the control plane and the data plane, if so, In the step S111, send the measurement message to the OFMP controller, otherwise turn to the step S105, and send the measurement message to the next hop switch; then go to the step S106, judge whether it is an OFMP switch, if it is a step S107, judge whether the OFMP switch It is the last hop of the path; if yes, turn to step S111, otherwise turn to step S108, judge whether it is a round-trip measurement and the OFMP switch is the midpoint of the path; if yes, turn to step S109, send a measurement message in the opposite direction of the original path, and then Go to step S105, otherwise directly go to step S105. In step S111, turn to step S112, the OFMP controller processes the measurement message and displays the measurement information, and finally goes to S113, the processing flow ends.
实施例 Example
本实施例给出了对如图1所示网络环境进行端到端路径进行主动测量的工作过程如下:首先用Spirent Avalanche流量发生器在S1到S6之间产生TCP背景流,并由控制器为背景流建立流表,使其路由为S1-S2-S3-S5-S6(即图1 中的路径1)。交换机与控制器之间使用NTP协议进行时钟同步,然后,控制器调用测量应用程序测量该路径的端到端性能,用PACKET-OUT发起测量,测量的起点为S1,终点为S6。当采用双向测量模式时,测量报文到达S6后按原路径返回到S1,由S1用PACKET-IN向控制器返回具有控制器和各交换机时间戳的测量报文,控制器处理这些结点标识和时间戳,得到测量结果。图3给出了沿路由逐跳单向时延的平均值(100次测量的平均值)。 The present embodiment provides that the working process of carrying out end-to-end path active measurement to network environment as shown in Figure 1 is as follows: at first generate TCP background flow between S1 to S6 with Spirent Avalanche traffic generator, and be by controller for The background flow establishes a flow table so that its route is S1-S2-S3-S5-S6 (that is, path 1 in Figure 1). The NTP protocol is used for clock synchronization between the switch and the controller. Then, the controller calls the measurement application program to measure the end-to-end performance of the path, and uses PACKET-OUT to initiate the measurement. The starting point of the measurement is S1, and the end point is S6. When the two-way measurement mode is used, the measurement message arrives at S6 and returns to S1 according to the original path, and S1 uses PACKET-IN to return the measurement message with the time stamp of the controller and each switch to the controller, and the controller processes these node identifications and timestamp to get the measurement result. Figure 3 shows the average value of hop-by-hop one-way delay along the route (the average value of 100 measurements).
试验结果表明,利用系统发送的主动测量报文上所获取的Dpid和时间戳序列,我们得到了逐跳时延和端到端单向时延等性能参数。其中,交换机结点每跳时延均大于0.1ms。图3显示随着背景流量的增大,交换机处理的流分组数据增多,逐跳时延和端到端单向时延也随之增大,这符合网络实际的情况。逐跳平均时延和方差计算如表1所示。 The test results show that by using the Dpid and time stamp sequences obtained from the active measurement messages sent by the system, we obtain performance parameters such as hop-by-hop delay and end-to-end one-way delay. Among them, the time delay of each switch node is greater than 0.1ms. Figure 3 shows that as the background traffic increases, the flow packet data processed by the switch increases, and the hop-by-hop delay and end-to-end one-way delay also increase, which is in line with the actual situation of the network. Hop-by-hop average delay and variance calculations are shown in Table 1.
表1 Table 1
从图3和表1的测量数据可知,当背景流量从10 Mbps逐步增大到600Mbps时,网络每跳时延都在逐步加大,这是由于网络分组排队时延的增加而导致的。在100次测量下,逐跳时延的方差较小,这表明系统的测量结果比较稳定。对于网络交换机来说,由于测量报文和背景流的流标识一致,故转发行为也是一致的,因此测量报文携带的Dpid和时间戳序列能够真实反映网络当前被测端到端路径的性能参数。 From the measurement data in Figure 3 and Table 1, it can be seen that when the background traffic gradually increases from 10 Mbps to 600 Mbps, the delay of each hop of the network is gradually increasing, which is caused by the increase of network packet queuing delay. Under 100 measurements, the variance of the hop-by-hop delay is small, which indicates that the measurement results of the system are relatively stable. For network switches, since the flow identifiers of measurement packets and background flows are consistent, the forwarding behavior is also consistent. Therefore, the Dpid and timestamp sequence carried by measurement packets can truly reflect the performance parameters of the current end-to-end path in the network under test. .
两端为OFMP使能结点而路由中间有部分非OFMP使能交换机(即普通 OpenFlow交换机),其他条件同于前面的试验。具体而言,控制器建立的路由为:S1-S2-S4-S5-S6(图1中的路径2)。其中商用OpenFlow交换机S4运行OpenvSwitch1.9.2,OpenFlow协议版本为1.0,它不支持OFMP,而其他结点均为OFMP使能。这时控制器发起双向测量,起点为S1,终点为S6,S6收到测量报文后沿该路径反方向传输,最后由S1向控制器返回测量报文。分析表明,该测量报文具有控制器、S1、S2、S5和S6写入的结点标识和时间戳序列,但没有S4的任何信息。 Both ends are OFMP-enabled nodes and there are some non-OFMP-enabled switches (that is, ordinary OpenFlow switches) in the middle of the route. Other conditions are the same as the previous experiments. Specifically, the route established by the controller is: S1-S2-S4-S5-S6 (path 2 in FIG. 1 ). Among them, the commercial OpenFlow switch S4 runs OpenvSwitch1.9.2, the OpenFlow protocol version is 1.0, it does not support OFMP, and other nodes are OFMP-enabled. At this time, the controller initiates two-way measurement, the starting point is S1, and the end point is S6. After receiving the measurement message, S6 transmits it in the opposite direction along the path, and finally S1 returns the measurement message to the controller. The analysis shows that the measurement message has the node identification and time stamp sequence written by the controller, S1, S2, S5 and S6, but does not have any information of S4.
表2试验1和试验3中测量结果对比 Comparison of measurement results in Table 2 Test 1 and Test 3
表2对比了试验1和试验3中测量报文携带的结点序列以及路径往返时延。可以看出,尽管路径1和路径2有所不同,但两者的往返时延平均值基本相同。 Table 2 compares the node sequence and path round-trip delay carried by the measurement message in Test 1 and Test 3. It can be seen that although paths 1 and 2 are different, the average round-trip delays of the two paths are basically the same.
本发明未涉及部分均与现有技术相同或可采用现有技术加以实现。 The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as the prior art or can be realized by adopting the prior art.
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