CN104730473A - Absolute magnetic field measuring device and absolute magnetic field measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Absolute magnetic field measuring device and absolute magnetic field measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an absolute magnetic field measuring device and an absolute magnetic field measuring method thereof. The absolute magnetic field measuring device comprises a three-axis superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer, a three-axis fluxgate meter and a data collecting and processing device. The three-axis superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer is arranged in a superconducting environment. The three-axis fluxgate meter is located in the same magnetic field environment with the three-axis superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer and arranged in a normal-temperature environment. The data collecting and processing device is used for fitting of the absolute measurement fitted values of the magnetic field environment through the relative measurement values measured by superconducting quantum interference device sensors located in all the axial directions so that the mean square error between the magnetic field fitted values and the absolute magnetic field values measured by the three-axis fluxgate meter can be the smallest, and the absolute value of the magnetic field environment is determined according to the relative measurement values measured by the three-axis superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer and the direct-current component in all the fitted absolute measurement fit values. According to the absolute magnetic field measuring device and the absolute magnetic field measuring method thereof, when a magnetic field changes at a moment, the absolute measurement values of the magnetic field can be precisely measured.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an absolute magnetic field measurement technique, and more particularly, to an absolute magnetic field measurement apparatus and an absolute magnetic field measurement method.
Background
The magnetic field measurement has important significance in astronomy, biomedicine and geophysical exploration. Such as: cosmic geomagnetism measurement, magnetoencephalography/magnetocardiography measurement diagnosis, magnetotelluric signal measurement exploration and the like. How to accurately measure the magnetic field signal, especially the absolute magnetic field signal, is crucial in the inversion process of the magnetic signal.
The absolute magnetic field measuring device used at present measures the absolute magnetic field of a magnetic field environment by using a fluxgate meter. The lowest noise of the fluxgate magnetic sensor is about 10pT/Hz1/2, the bandwidth is also lower than about 3kHz, and the fluxgate meter cannot respond to the bandwidth above 3kHz in time, so that the absolute value measurement of the magnetic field with extremely fast change cannot measure the absolute magnetic field in transient state.
In addition, there is a magnetic flux sensor having high sensitivity: superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), can measure weak magnetic signal, and extremely sensitive. Since the magnetic flux-to-voltage transmission characteristic curve of the device is a sinusoidal-like periodic signal, the SQUID is often operated in a magnetic flux locked loop to linearize the transmission characteristic of the SQUID; meanwhile, just because the SQUID flux-to-voltage transfer characteristic curve is of a sine-like period, the operating point locked by the readout circuit linked with the SQUID can be locked at a point in any period, and is uncertain, so that the signal measured by the SQUID can only be a relative value with respect to the magnetic field at the locking point.
The problem to be solved by those skilled in the art is how to measure absolute magnetic field measurements with excessive transient bandwidth using the high sensitivity of SQUID.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an absolute magnetic field measuring apparatus and an absolute magnetic field measuring method applied thereto, which are used to solve the problem in the prior art that the absolute magnetic field cannot be measured with high precision when the transient bandwidth is too large.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides an absolute magnetic field measuring apparatus, comprising: a three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer disposed in a superconducting environment, comprising: the superconducting quantum interference device magnetic sensor is arranged along three different axial directions; the three-axis fluxgate meter is positioned in the same magnetic field environment as the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and is arranged in a normal temperature environment, wherein each axial direction of the three-axis fluxgate meter and the corresponding superconducting quantum interferometer magnetic sensor induce a magnetic field in the same axial direction; and the data acquisition and processing device is connected with the triaxial superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and the triaxial fluxgate meter and is used for fitting the absolute measurement fitting value of the magnetic field environment by using the relative measurement value measured by the superconducting quantum interferometer magnetic sensor in each axial direction so as to minimize the mean square error between the magnetic field fitting value and the absolute magnetic field value measured by the triaxial fluxgate meter, and determining the absolute value of the magnetic field environment according to the relative measurement value measured by the triaxial superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and the direct current component in each fitted absolute measurement fitting value.
Preferably, the superconducting quantum interference device magnetic sensors in each axial direction of the triaxial fluxgate meter and the corresponding superconducting quantum interference device magnetic sensors in each axial direction are parallel to each other.
Preferably, the superconducting quantum interference device magnetic sensors are arranged along axial directions orthogonal to each other,
preferably, the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer is placed in a dewar containing liquid nitrogen or liquid helium.
Preferably, the tri-axial fluxgate meter is placed on an upper cover of the dewar.
Preferably, the data acquisition and processing device comprises: the acquisition unit is connected with the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and the three-axis fluxgate meter and is used for acquiring a plurality of groups of relative measurement values output by the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and a plurality of groups of absolute measurement values output by the three-axis fluxgate meter, wherein each group comprises the relative measurement values and the absolute measurement values which are acquired for a plurality of times synchronously; a data processing unit connected with the acquisition unit and used for utilizing a formulaAnd the relative measurement values of all the groups of the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometers acquired by the acquisition unit in all the axial directions are used for fitting the absolute measurement fitting values of the magnetic field environment, so that the mean square error of the magnetic field fitting values and the absolute magnetic field values measured by the three-axis fluxgate meters is minimum, and a formula (M) is usedsx+Kx)、(Msy+Ky)、(Msz+Kz) Respectively obtaining the absolute values of the magnetic fields of the three axes; wherein,for absolute measured fit, M, for one of the X, Y, Z axessx、Msy、MszRelative measured values, alpha, measured by three axial superconducting quantum interference device magnetic sensorsi、βi、γiRespectively X, Y, Z axial direction, KiIs a direct current component in one of X, Y, Z axial directions, M is the absolute value obtained, Kx、Ky、KzRespectively, the fitted three axial direct current components.
Preferably, the fitting method is a least squares fitting method.
In view of the above object, the present invention also provides a method for absolute magnetic field measurement using the absolute magnetic field measurement apparatus as described in any one of the above, comprising: 1) collecting a relative measurement value output by the triaxial superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and an absolute measurement value output by the triaxial fluxgate meter; 2) fitting the absolute measurement fitting value of the magnetic field environment by using the relative measurement value measured by the superconducting quantum interferometer magnetic sensor in each axial direction, so that the mean square error of the magnetic field fitting value and the absolute magnetic field value measured by the triaxial fluxgate meter is minimum; 3) and determining the absolute value of the magnetic field environment according to the relative measurement value measured by the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and the direct current component in each fitted absolute measurement fitting value.
Preferably, the step 2) includes: using formulasAnd fitting the absolute measurement fitting value of the magnetic field environment by using the relative measurement values of the triaxial superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer acquired for multiple times in each axial direction to ensure that the mean square error of the magnetic field fitting value and the absolute magnetic field value measured by the triaxial fluxgate meter is minimum, wherein,for absolute measured fit, M, for one of the X, Y, Z axessx、Msy、MszRelative measured values, alpha, measured by three axial superconducting quantum interference device magnetic sensorsi、βi、γiRespectively X, Y, Z axial direction, KiA direct current component in one of the X, Y, Z axial directions;
the step 3) comprises the following steps: and using the formula (M)sx+Kx)、(Msy+Ky)、(Msz+Kz) Respectively obtaining the absolute values of the magnetic fields of the three axes; wherein M is the absolute value obtained, Kx、Ky、KzRespectively, the fitted three axial direct current components.
Preferably, the fitting method is a least squares fitting method.
As described above, the absolute magnetic field measuring apparatus and the absolute magnetic field measuring method applied thereto of the present invention have the following advantageous effects: the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer with high measurement bandwidth and high sensitivity is used for calculating the variation of the absolute measurement value with the minimum error, and the absolute measurement value of the magnetic field can be measured with high precision when the magnetic field changes instantaneously.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an absolute magnetic field measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the absolute magnetic field measurement method of the present invention.
Description of the element reference numerals
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
Please refer to fig. 1. It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an absolute magnetic field measuring apparatus. The absolute magnetic field measuring apparatus 1 includes: the device comprises a three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer 11, a three-axis fluxgate meter 12 and a data acquisition and processing device 133.
The three-axis superconducting quantum interference magnetometer 11 comprises three axial superconducting quantum interference magnetic sensors and is arranged in a superconducting environment, wherein the superconducting environment is an environment with a temperature of 4.2 kelvin (equivalent to-269 ℃ C.) or about 77 kelvin. Typically, the superconducting environment is provided by a dewar 14 enclosing liquid nitrogen or liquid helium, and the three-axis superconducting quantum interference magnetometer 11 is sealed in the dewar 14.
The three-axis fluxgate meter 12 and the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer 11 are in the same magnetic field environment and are arranged in a normal temperature environment. Wherein, each axial direction of the three-axis fluxgate meter 12 and the corresponding superconducting quantum interferometer magnetic sensor induce a magnetic field in the same axial direction.
The axial directions of the superconducting quantum interference device magnetic sensor and the triaxial fluxgate meter in the axial directions are parallel to each other, or slightly deviated. Preferably, the axial directions of the superconducting quantum interference device magnetic sensors are orthogonal to each other.
In order to reduce the distance between the tri-axial fluxgate meter 12 and the tri-axial superconducting quantum interference magnetometer 11, the tri-axial fluxgate meter 12 is placed on the upper cover of the dewar 14.
The data acquisition and processing device 133 is connected to the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer 11 and the three-axis fluxgate meter 12, and is configured to fit the absolute measurement fit value of the magnetic field environment by using the relative measurement value measured by the superconducting quantum interferometer magnetic sensor in each axial direction, so that the mean square error between the magnetic field fit value and the absolute magnetic field value measured by the three-axis fluxgate meter is minimum, and determine the absolute value of the magnetic field environment according to the relative measurement value measured by the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and the direct current component in each fitted absolute measurement fit value. Wherein the fitting method is preferably a least squares fitting algorithm. Wherein, the data acquisition device 1 may be a computer device with a spectrum analysis function.
Preferably, the data processing apparatus 1 comprises: an acquisition unit and a data processing unit (both not shown).
The acquisition unit is connected with the three-axis fluxgate meter and the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and is used for acquiring a plurality of groups of relative measurement values output by the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and a plurality of groups of absolute measurement values output by the three-axis fluxgate meter, wherein each group comprises a plurality of synchronously acquired relative measurement values and absolute measurement values. Wherein the collecting unit may be a sampling circuit including a sampling resistor, and a processor calculating the magnetic field from the sampled voltage.
The data processing unit is connected with the acquisition unit and used for utilizing a formulaAnd the relative measurement values of all the groups of the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometers acquired by the acquisition unit in all the axial directions are used for fitting the absolute measurement fitting values of the magnetic field environment, so that the mean square error of the magnetic field fitting values and the absolute magnetic field values measured by the three-axis fluxgate meters is minimum, and a formula (M) is usedsx+Kx)、(Msy+Ky)、(Msz+Kz) Obtaining the absolute values of the magnetic fields of the three axes respectively, thereby utilizing the formula The total magnetic field of the magnetic field environment can be obtained; wherein,for absolute measured fit, M, for one of the X, Y, Z axessx、Mxy、MszRelative measured values, alpha, measured by three axial superconducting quantum interference device magnetic sensorsi、βi、γiRespectively X, Y, Z axial direction, KiIs a direct current component in one of X, Y, Z axial directions, i represents X, Y, Z axial directions, M is the absolute value obtained, Kx、Ky、KzRespectively, the fitted three axial direct current components. The data processing unit includes a processor, a scratch pad, and software executed by both.
Specifically, the data processing unit acquires relative measurement values M of the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer in each group for multiple timessxj、Msyj、MszjSubstitution formula <math>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>sxj</mi>
<mo>*</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>α</mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>sxj</mi>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>β</mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>syj</mi>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>γ</mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>szj</mi>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
</math> To fit the absolute measurement of the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer in the X-axis directionAnd each in each groupIs minimized to determine alpha corresponding to the fitted absolute measurementx、βx、γx、KxThe values of the parameters, wherein,for each fitted absolute measurement of the X-axis, Msxj、Msyj、MszjThe measured values are respectively relative measured values of the magnetic sensors of the three axial superconducting quantum interference devices, j is a number acquired in each group, and alpha isx、βx、γxRespectively, fitting coefficient in X-axis direction, KxIs a direct current component of the X-axis direction, MfxjIs the absolute measurement value measured each time in the same group of fluxgate meters of the X axis.
For the same reason, the data processing unit also makes use of <math>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>syj</mi>
<mo>*</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>α</mi>
<mi>y</mi>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>sxj</mi>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>β</mi>
<mi>y</mi>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>syj</mi>
</msub>
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</msub>
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<mi>y</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
</math> Fitting the absolute measurements of the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer in the Y-axis direction, and using each of the measurements in each groupIs minimized to determine alpha corresponding to the fitted absolute measurementy、βy、γy、KyThe values of the parameters, wherein,for absolute measurements of the fitted Y-axis, Msxj、Msyj、MszjThe measured values of the magnetic sensors of the superconducting quantum interference device in three axial directions are respectively relative measured values alphay、βy、γyRespectively, in the Y-axis direction, KyIs a direct current component of the Y axis, MfyjIs the absolute measurement value measured each time in the same group of fluxgate meters of the Y-axis.
The data processing unit further utilizes <math>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>szj</mi>
<mo>*</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>α</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
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</math> To fit the magnetic strength of the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometerThe absolute measurement in the Z-axis is measured and taken from each groupIs minimized to determine alpha corresponding to the fitted absolute measurementz、βz、γz、KzThe values of the parameters, wherein,for absolute measurements of the fitted Z-axis, Msxj、Msyj、MszjThe measured values of the magnetic sensors of the superconducting quantum interference device in three axial directions are respectively relative measured values alphaz、βz、γzRespectively, Z-axial fitting coefficient, KzIs a direct current component of the Z-axis, MfzjIs the absolute measurement value measured each time in the same group of Z-axis fluxgate meters.
Then, the data processing unit utilizes the formula (M)sx+Kx)、(Msy+Ky)、(Msz+Kz) Obtaining the absolute values of the magnetic fields of the three axes respectively, thereby utilizing the formula The total field of the magnetic field environment can be obtained.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention also provides a method of making absolute magnetic field measurements using any one of the above-described absolute magnetic field measuring devices.
In step S1, the relative measurement value output by the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and the absolute measurement value output by the three-axis fluxgate meter are collected.
Specifically, the data acquisition and processing device acquires three axial relative measurement values from the induction signal output by the connected three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer for multiple times, and acquires three axial absolute measurement values from the induction signal output by the connected three-axis fluxgate meter.
In step S2, the absolute measurement fit value of the magnetic field environment is fitted with the relative measurement value measured by the superconducting quantum interference device magnetic sensor in each axial direction, so that the mean square error between the magnetic field fit value and the absolute magnetic field value measured by the three-axis fluxgate meter is minimized.
In step S3, the absolute value of the magnetic field environment is determined according to the relative measurement values measured by the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and the dc component in each fitted absolute measurement fitting value.
Specifically, the data acquisition processing device fits an absolute measurement fit value in the case where a variance with an absolute measurement value measured by the three-axis fluxgate meter in a single axis is minimum by using a least square fitting algorithm and a plurality of times of acquired relative measurement values, and determines an absolute value of the magnetic field environment from a direct current component in each fitted absolute measurement fit value and the measured relative measurement value in each axis.
Preferably, the step S2 includes a step S21, and the step S3 includes a step S31 (neither shown).
In step S21, the data acquisition processing device uses a formulaAnd fitting the absolute measurement fitting value of the magnetic field environment by using the relative measurement values of the triaxial superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer acquired for multiple times in each axial direction to ensure that the mean square error of the magnetic field fitting value and the absolute magnetic field value measured by the triaxial fluxgate meter is minimum, wherein,for absolute measured fit, M, for one of the X, Y, Z axessx、Msy、MszRelative measured values, alpha, measured by three axial superconducting quantum interference device magnetic sensorsi、βi、γiRespectively X, Y, Z axial direction, KiI represents X, Y, Z axial direction, which is a direct current component of X, Y, Z axial direction.
In step S31, the data acquisition and processing device uses formula (M)sx+Kx)、(Msy+Ky)、(Msz+Kz) Respectively obtaining the absolute values of the magnetic fields of the three axes and utilizing a formula Obtaining a total magnetic field of the magnetic field environment; wherein M is the absolute value obtained, Kx、Ky、KzRespectively, the fitted three axial direct current components.
For example, the data acquisition processing device acquires relative measurement values M of the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer acquired for a plurality of times in each groupsxj、Msyj、MszjSubstitution formula <math>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>sxj</mi>
<mo>*</mo>
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</msub>
</mrow>
</math> Fitting the absolute measurement values of the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer in the X-axis direction, and using each of the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer in each groupIs minimized to determine alpha corresponding to the fitted absolute measurementx、βx、γx、KxThe values of the parameters, wherein,for each fitted absolute measurement of the X-axis, Msxj、Msyj、MszjThe measured values are respectively relative measured values of the magnetic sensors of the three axial superconducting quantum interference devices, j is a number acquired in each group, and alpha isx、βx、γxRespectively, fitting coefficient in X-axis direction, KxIs a direct current component of the X-axis direction, MfxjIs the absolute measurement value measured each time in the same group of fluxgate meters of the X axis.
For the same reason, the data acquisition and processing device utilizes <math>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>syj</mi>
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</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
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</msub>
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</mrow>
</math> Fitting the absolute measurements of the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer in the Y-axis direction, and using each of the measurements in each groupIs minimized to determine alpha corresponding to the fitted absolute measurementy、βy、γy、KyThe values of the parameters, wherein,for absolute measurements of the fitted Y-axis, Msxj、Msyj、MszjThe measured values of the magnetic sensors of the superconducting quantum interference device in three axial directions are respectively relative measured values alphay、βy、γyRespectively, in the Y-axis direction, KyIs a direct current component of the Y axis, MfyjIs the absolute measurement value measured each time in the same group of fluxgate meters of the Y-axis.
The data acquisition and processing device also utilizes <math>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>szj</mi>
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</msubsup>
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</math> Fitting the absolute measurements of the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer in the Z-axis direction, and using each of the measurements in each groupIs minimized to determine alpha corresponding to the fitted absolute measurementz、βz、γz、KzThe values of the parameters, wherein,for absolute measurements of the fitted Z-axis, Msxj、Msyj、MszjThe measured values of the magnetic sensors of the superconducting quantum interference device in three axial directions are respectively relative measured values alphaz、βz、γzRespectively, Z-axial fitting coefficient, KzIs a direct current component of the Z-axis, MfzjIs the absolute measurement value measured each time in the same group of Z-axis fluxgate meters.
Then, the data acquisition and processing device utilizes a formula (M)sx+Kx)、(Msy+Ky)、(Msz+Kz) Obtaining the absolute values of the magnetic fields of the three axes respectively, thereby utilizing the formula The total field of the magnetic field environment can be obtained.
In summary, the absolute magnetic field measurement device and the applied absolute magnetic field measurement method of the present invention utilize the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer with high measurement bandwidth and high sensitivity to calculate the variation of the absolute measurement value with the minimum error, and can measure the absolute measurement value of the magnetic field with high precision when the magnetic field changes instantaneously; in addition, because the superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and the fluxgate are in different environments, in order to accurately determine the absolute magnetic flux value of the magnetic field environment, the two magnetic sensors are preferably placed in the same environment, so that the container in which the triaxial superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer is sealed and the triaxial fluxgate are placed together, and an accurate absolute magnetic field can be measured; in addition, the noise level of the SQUID is 3fT/Hz-1/2, which is much higher than the signal-to-noise ratio of the induction signal output by measuring the absolute magnetic field by using a fluxgate meter alone. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An absolute magnetic field measuring apparatus, comprising:
a three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer disposed in a superconducting environment, comprising: the superconducting quantum interference device magnetic sensor is arranged along three different axial directions;
the three-axis fluxgate meter is positioned in the same magnetic field environment as the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and is arranged in a normal temperature environment, wherein each axial direction of the three-axis fluxgate meter and the corresponding superconducting quantum interferometer magnetic sensor induce a magnetic field in the same axial direction;
and the data acquisition and processing device is connected with the triaxial superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and the triaxial fluxgate meter and is used for fitting the absolute measurement fitting value of the magnetic field environment by using the relative measurement value measured by the superconducting quantum interferometer magnetic sensor in each axial direction so as to minimize the mean square error between the magnetic field fitting value and the absolute magnetic field value measured by the triaxial fluxgate meter, and determining the absolute value of the magnetic field environment according to the relative measurement value measured by the triaxial superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and the direct current component in each fitted absolute measurement fitting value.
2. The absolute magnetic field measurement device of claim 1, wherein the superconducting quantum interferometer magnetic sensors of each axial direction and the corresponding respective axial direction of the tri-axial fluxgate meter are parallel to each other.
3. The absolute magnetic field measurement device of claim 1, wherein the superconducting quantum interference device magnetic sensors are disposed along axial directions that are orthogonal to each other.
4. The absolute magnetic field measurement device of claim 1, wherein the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer is placed in a dewar containing liquid nitrogen or liquid helium.
5. The absolute magnetic field measuring apparatus of claim 4, wherein the tri-axial fluxgate meter is placed on a top cover of the dewar.
6. The absolute magnetic field measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the data acquisition processing means includes:
the acquisition unit is connected with the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and the three-axis fluxgate meter and is used for acquiring a plurality of groups of relative measurement values output by the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and a plurality of groups of absolute measurement values output by the three-axis fluxgate meter, wherein each group comprises the relative measurement values and the absolute measurement values which are acquired for a plurality of times synchronously;
a data processing unit connected with the acquisition unit and used for utilizing a formulaAnd the relative measurement values of all the groups of the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometers acquired by the acquisition unit in all the axial directions are used for fitting the absolute measurement fitting values of the magnetic field environment, so that the mean square error of the magnetic field fitting values and the absolute magnetic field values measured by the three-axis fluxgate meters is minimum, and a formula (M) is usedsx+Kx)、(Msy+Ky)、(Msz+Kz) Respectively obtaining the absolute values of the magnetic fields of the three axes;
wherein,for absolute measured fit, M, for one of the X, Y, Z axessx、Msy、MszRelative measured values, alpha, measured by three axial superconducting quantum interference device magnetic sensorsi、βi、γiRespectively X, Y, Z axial direction, KiIs a direct current component in one of X, Y, Z axial directions, M is the absolute value obtained, Kx、Ky、KzRespectively, the fitted three axial direct current components.
7. The absolute magnetic field measurement device of claim 1, wherein the fitting is a least squares fit.
8. A method of making absolute magnetic field measurements using the absolute magnetic field measuring device of any of claims 1-7, comprising:
1) collecting a relative measurement value output by the triaxial superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and an absolute measurement value output by the triaxial fluxgate meter;
2) fitting the absolute measurement fitting value of the magnetic field environment by using the relative measurement value measured by the superconducting quantum interferometer magnetic sensor in each axial direction, so that the mean square error of the magnetic field fitting value and the absolute magnetic field value measured by the triaxial fluxgate meter is minimum;
3) and determining the absolute value of the magnetic field environment according to the relative measurement value measured by the three-axis superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer and the direct current component in each fitted absolute measurement fitting value.
9. The method of absolute magnetic field measurement according to claim 8, wherein the step 2) comprises:
using formulasAnd fitting the absolute measurement fitting value of the magnetic field environment by using the relative measurement values of the triaxial superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer acquired for multiple times in each axial direction to ensure that the mean square error of the magnetic field fitting value and the absolute magnetic field value measured by the triaxial fluxgate meter is minimum, wherein,for absolute measured fit, M, for one of the X, Y, Z axessx、Msy、MszRelative measured values, alpha, measured by three axial superconducting quantum interference device magnetic sensorsi、βi、γiRespectively X, Y, Z axial direction, KiA direct current component in one of the X, Y, Z axial directions;
the step 3) comprises the following steps: and using the formula (M)sx+Kx)、(Msy+Ky)、(Msz+Kz) Respectively obtaining the absolute values of the magnetic fields of the three axes; wherein M is the absolute value obtained, Kx、Ky、KzRespectively, the fitted three axial direct current components.
10. A method of absolute magnetic field measurement according to claim 8 or 9 wherein the fitting is a least squares fit.
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