CN104730032A - Near infrared spectrum-based mathematical model and detection method for heat-treated wood color - Google Patents
Near infrared spectrum-based mathematical model and detection method for heat-treated wood color Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to near infrared spectrum techniques, in particular to near infrared spectrum-based mathematical model and detection method for heat-treated wood color. A building method of the mathematical model includes the steps of 1, processing wood to obtain a plurality of wood blocks 15mm to 25mm in fiber direction, 18mm to 25mm in radial direction and 18mm to 25mm in tangential direction; 2, heat-treating the processed wood blocks; 3, measuring colorimetric parameters of the wood blocks; 4, acquiring near infrared spectral information of tangential sections of the wood blocks subjected to the measurement of the colorimetric parameters; 5, establishing the mathematical model of colorimetric parameters. The mathematical model is suitable for online detection of the color of the heat-treated wood.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to near-infrared spectrum technique field, particularly a kind of mathematical model of the heat-treated wood wood color based near infrared spectrum and detection method.
Background technology
Timber has beautiful texture, the advantage such as easy to process, and due to the deposition of pigment various in wood cell, resin, tannin and other oxidation materials, timber presents different colors.Different wood color is different, and same timber is also variant in different site color.In woodwork is produced, according to the different demands of consumer, by technological means such as wood stainings, the visual characteristic of timber can be improved, to meet the diverse requirements of people.Wooden modifying can be divided into chemical method and Physical.Chemical method is that various timber freshens toner, antiseptic soaks into and enters timber by using, and to reach change wood color, prevents object that is rotten and raising wood dimensional stability.The timber of chemical method process modification, is exposed to when using in physical environment out of doors, along with the loss of timber available protecting composition, can cause fading, performance reduction etc.; Meanwhile, the timber after loss freshens the wood protection compositions such as toner antiseptic because of the heavy metal containing copper, arsenic, chromium and poisonous and harmful substance, very harmful to environment.The method for modifying wood that Physical is conventional is thermal treatment.Heat treatment method is a kind of wood protection method of modifying of environmental protection, and heat treatment process does not add any chemicals, can meet the requirements of the times of current environmental protection, is the trend of environmentally friendly new material exploitation.
Heat-treated wood has good dimensional stability and corrosion resistant, antitermite performance, is widely used in the landscape design such as outdoor flower garden, body of wall outer wall.But the thermal degradation often because of Wood chemical composition in heat_treated wood process, makes heat-treated wood color change, occurs heat-treated wood wood color heterogeneity, affect crudy.
Realize the change of simple and quick evaluation heat-treated wood wood color, for the exploitation of heat_treated wood technology and the reasonable application of designer, there is important actual directive significance.
Near-infrared spectrum technique refers to the electromagnetic wave of wavelength between visible ray (VIS) and mid-infrared light (IR), and ASTM nearly infrared range is defined as 780nm-2526nm (12800-3960cm
-1).Near-infrared spectra district major embodiment fundamental frequency 2000cm
-1above group information, wherein based on hydric group, comprises C-H (methyl, methylene, methoxyl, carboxyl, aryl etc.), hydroxyl O-H, sulfydryl S-H, amino N-H (primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine and ammonium salt) etc.; Also the information (as C=C, C=O etc.) of some other group is had.
Heat-treated wood is often along with the change of chemical composition, by the near infrared spectra collection to heat-treated wood, means such as application principal component analysis (PCA) and stechiometry etc., set up the corresponding relation (mathematics detection model) of heat-treated wood chemical composition difference and its spectroscopic properties, can realize detecting heat-treated wood wood color.This technology has the features such as simple to operate, analysis speed is fast, sample does not need pre-service, simple to operate, pollution-free.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of mathematical model and detection method of the heat-treated wood wood color based near infrared spectrum.This guantification model is by gathering the near infrared light spectrum information of timber, and Binding experiment measures the Wood color measured value obtained, and the two is combined founding mathematical models, can carry out quick online detection by this model to the wood color of heat-treated wood.
Near-infrared spectrum technique is different from other conventionals method of analysis, directly qualitative or quantitative test is not carried out by observing sample chromatogram characteristic or measuring sample spectra graph parameter, must combine with Chemical Measurement, fully extract the effective information in spectrum, improve the utilization factor of spectral information.
Chemical Measurement (Chemometrics) is an independently chemical subdiscipline, it is mathematics, statistics and formal logic principle, be applied in design or select Optimal Experimental process, obtain related chemistry information to greatest extent by analytical chemistry data, and the knowledge of relevant chemical system can be obtained.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that concrete employing is following:
Based on a construction method for the mathematical model of the heat-treated wood wood color of near infrared spectrum, comprise the following steps:
(1) treating of wood become machine direction to be 18-25mm, radial direction is 18 ~ 25mm, and flat-cut direction is several wooden units of 18 ~ 25mm, and each of wooden unit should be smooth;
(2) wooden unit handled well is heat-treated;
(3) the tangential chromatic value of wooden unit is measured;
(4) get the wooden unit carrying out chromatic value and measure, gather the tangential near infrared light spectrum information of wooden unit;
(5) mathematical model of L*, a*, b* is set up respectively: pre-service is carried out to described tangential near infrared light spectrum information, get wooden unit tangential near infrared light spectrum information after pre-service respectively with L*, a*, b* of same wooden unit, application OPUS software, simultaneous, adopt the method for Chemical Measurement to carry out process to data message to conclude, obtain L* respectively, the mathematical model of a*, b*.
In technical scheme of the present invention, concrete, step (1) described timber is the common architectural decoration timber such as Southern Pine, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica.
In order to make the model of foundation have better detection property, in step (1), the number of wooden unit is not less than 40, and preferred number is 80 ~ 100.
Preferably, in order to test comparatively accurately timber chromatic value and near infrared light spectrum information reliably, treating of wood is become machine direction 20mm by step (1), radial direction 20mm, the wooden unit of flat-cut direction 20mm.Described machine direction, radial direction chord butt are to specifying identical with the routine of this area.
The equipment that step (2) is heat-treated chooses electric blowing-type drying baker, thermal treatment in step (2) can be selected according to actual conditions, and described thermal treatment is in this application 120 DEG C × 4h, 180 DEG C × 4h, one or more in 220 DEG C × 4h, tri-kinds of modes.
The wooden unit handled well can partly or entirely be heat-treated by step (2), wherein best embodiment is, the wooden unit handled well is equally divided into four parts, wherein a part is without thermal treatment, and remaining three parts carry out 120 DEG C × 4h, 180 DEG C × 4h, 220 DEG C × 4h thermal treatment respectively.
It should be noted that, although heat treatment mode of the present invention is one or more in above-mentioned three kinds, the guantification model of the heat-treated wood wood color set up by the present invention can obtain the Wood color after various heat treatment.
Step (3) uses Datacolor DF 110 colour photometer to measure the colorimetric parameter L* (lightness) of wooden unit in CIE (1976) L*a*b* system, a* (red green axle chromaticity index), b* (champac axle chromaticity index), concrete steps are: L*, a*, b* value measuring 3 ~ 5 on each wooden unit respectively, then get respective arithmetic average as end value.
The concrete operations of step (4) are: get step (3) carry out chromatic value mensuration after wooden unit, utilize German Brooker with RT-PbS detecting device, the MPA type ft-nir spectrometer of built-in gold-plated diffuse reflection integrating sphere, application OPUS 7.2 software, integrating sphere diffuse-reflectance module is adopted to gather wooden unit tangential near infrared light spectrum information, spectrogram and wooden unit numbering one_to_one corresponding.
The method of step (5) described wooden unit tangential near infrared spectrum information pre-processing is: utilize OPUS software to carry out first order derivative and vector normalization preprocess method to tangential near infrared spectrum data, choose Spectral range, 9-17 point smoothing processing, 3-10 number of principal components, uses partial least square method and crosscheck method.Spectral range be chosen as ordinary skill in the art means, the present invention is not construed as limiting this, generally chooses 9403.6-4246.7cm
-1.
In step (5) to the best approach of described tangential near infrared spectrum information pre-processing be: utilize OPUS software to carry out first order derivative and vector normalization preprocess method to tangential near infrared spectrum data, choose Spectral range, 17 smoothing processing, 7 number of principal components, use partial least square method and crosscheck method.
Concrete, the step that step (5) sets up guantification model is: open in OPUS software and set up quantitative model method window, add spectrum, call in the near infrared spectrum spectrogram recorded, addO-on therapy button is clicked, the title of change component and unit (such as: title lightness, unit is nothing) at " component " subwindow, after completing, " component " will appear in after spectrum bar hurdle, inputs the measured value of each wooden unit chromatic value (L*, a*, b*).If occur in chart, red point illustrates that these data are exceptional value, and need to reject, double-click red data point, its blackening represents pre-rejecting.After model Erecting and improving, enter " store method " subwindow, click " store method " button, preserve this model method.
Technical scheme of the present invention also comprises the quantity quantitative model utilizing method of the present invention to build, and guantification model is detecting the application in heat-treated wood wood color.
Concrete application process comprises the following steps: in OPUS software, call in the lightness L* of foundation respectively, red green axle chromaticity index a*, the mathematical model of champac axle chromaticity index b *, input untreated or through the near infrared spectrum of any heat treated timber, the detected value of chromatic value L*, a*, b* of timber under corresponding conditions can be obtained respectively, and then obtain the wood color of timber.Corresponding conditions herein refer to the thermal treatment wooden unit inputted the heat treated temperature and time of process identical.
To the timber (such as Southern Pine) of same kind, only needing the mathematical model setting up a set of L*, a*, b*, just by measuring the information of the near infrared spectrum of gained, on-line quick detection being carried out to the wood color of timber after thermal treatment.
The present invention adopts near-infrared spectrum technique to develop the new technology detecting heat-treated wood wood color, heat-treats some light timber, its tone can be made to seem and dignified noble quality with imitative famous and precious color, thus significantly improve its added value.Therefore, the relation evaluating heat-treated wood wood color and heat treatment temperature is the key of heat_treated wood technological development and designer's reasonable employment timber, and it will play certain prograding to the application and its added value of product of raising expanding China's timber.
The new method that heat-treated wood wood color provided by the invention detects, wood color evaluation can be carried out in real time, online to heat-treated wood, solve utilize classic method to evaluate heat-treated wood wood color is consuming time, the deficiency of consumptive material, effort, to have in the evaluation of heat-treated wood wood color fast, efficient, harmless and practical feature.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the tangential near infrared spectrogram of timber;
Fig. 2 is the correlationship between chromatic value lightness L* measured value and detected value.
Embodiment
In following examples, the measurement of timber chromatic value is met the tendency with the untreated and colorimetric parameter of thermal treatment four kinds of timber tangential sections in CIE (1976) L*a*b* system of Datacolor DF 110 colour photometer mensuration, embodiment for illustration of the present invention, but is not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
This embodiment is the model building method of the guantification detecting heat-treated wood wood color, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) sample pretreatment: the wooden unit (totally 80) of Southern Pine timber to be processed into machine direction be 20mm × radial direction to be 20mm × flat-cut direction be 20mm;
(2) thermal treatment: get 20 wooden units respectively; in electric blowing-type drying baker; using water vapor as blanket gas, carry out 120 DEG C × 4h, 180 DEG C × 4h, 220 DEG C × 4h thermal treatment, add that untreated one group (20) are together as experiment material.
(3) chromatic value (data are in this hurdle of L*, a*, b* in table 1) of wooden unit is measured;
Table 1 each wooden unit chromatic value data
(4) gather near infrared spectrum: get the carrying out of step (3) chromatic value measure after wooden unit, utilize German Brooker with RT-PbS detecting device, the MPA type ft-nir spectrometer of built-in gold-plated diffuse reflection integrating sphere, application OPUS 7.2 software, integrating sphere diffuse-reflectance module in instrument is adopted to gather the tangential near infrared light spectrum information of wooden unit, spectrogram and wooden unit numbering one_to_one corresponding, as shown in Figure 1;
(5) chromatic value lightness L* guantification model is set up: (concrete preprocess method is: carry out vector normalization pre-service near infrared spectrum data to carry out pre-service to tangential near infrared light spectrum information (data), choose Spectral range, 17 smoothing processing, 7 number of principal components, use partial least square method and crosscheck method), get the lightness numerical value that pretreated tangential section near infrared light spectrum information and step (3) obtain, application OPUS software, simultaneous, adopt the method for Chemical Measurement, carry out process to data message to conclude, obtain the guantification model of chromatic value lightness L*, coefficient of determination R
2=95.59, root-mean-square error RMSECV=2.72, relation analysis error RPD=4.76.
(6) the red green axle chromaticity index a* guantification model of chromatic value is set up: (concrete disposal route is: carry out first order derivative pre-service to tangential near infrared spectrum data to carry out pre-service to tangential near infrared light spectrum information (data), choose Spectral range, Spectral range (9403.6-4246.7cm
-1), 17 smoothing processing, 8 number of principal components, use partial least square method and crosscheck method), get the red green axle chromaticity index a* that pretreated near infrared light spectrum information and step (3) obtain, application OPUS software, simultaneous, adopts the method for Chemical Measurement, carries out process conclude data message, obtain the guantification model of a*, coefficient of determination R
2=92.53, root-mean-square error RMSECV=0.464, relation analysis error RPD=3.66.
(7) chromatic value champac axle chromaticity index b * guantification model is set up: (concrete disposal route is: carry out first order derivative pre-service to tangential near infrared spectrum data to carry out pre-service to tangential near infrared light spectrum information (data), choose Spectral range, 17 smoothing processing, 10 number of principal components, use partial least square method and crosscheck method), get the champac axle chromaticity index b * that pretreated near infrared light spectrum information and step (3) obtain, application OPUS software, simultaneous, adopt the method for Chemical Measurement, carry out process to data message to conclude, obtain the guantification model of b*, coefficient of determination R
2=96.12, root-mean-square error RMSECV=0.985, relation analysis error RPD=0.443.
For verifying the correctness of the detection method of heat-treated wood wood color provided by the invention, the mathematical model now utilizing embodiment 1 to obtain carries out following application test.
Application examples 1:
In OPUS software, the guantification model (coefficient of determination R of the chromatic value lightness L* using embodiment 1 to set up
2=95.59, root-mean-square error RMSECV=2.72, relation analysis error RPD=4.76), test the near infrared light spectrum information through the heat treated Southern Pine wooden unit of 220 DEG C × 4h and input, obtaining detected value (220 DEG C × 4h) is 48.37, the lightness L* of this wooden unit of experimental determination is 48.18, and deviation is-0.191, as shown in Figure 2.
In OPUS software, the guantification model (coefficient of determination R of the red green axle chromaticity index a* using embodiment 1 to set up
2=92.53, root-mean-square error RMSECV=0.464, relation analysis error RPD=3.66), test the near infrared light spectrum information through the Southern Pine wooden unit of 180 DEG C × 4h and input, obtaining detected value (180 DEG C × 4h) is 12.21, the red green axle chromaticity index a* of this wooden unit of experimental determination is 12.3, and deviation is 0.091.
In OPUS software, the guantification model (coefficient of determination R of the champac axle chromaticity index b * using embodiment 1 to set up
2=96.12, root-mean-square error RMSECV=0.985), relation analysis error RPD=0.443, test the near infrared light spectrum information through the heat treated Southern Pine wooden unit of 120 DEG C × 4h and input, obtaining detected value (120 DEG C × 4h) is 23.94, the champac axle chromaticity index b * of this wooden unit of experimental determination is 23.73, and deviation is-0.206.
Embodiment 2:
Embodiment 2 and the difference of embodiment 1 are only that the preprocess method of step (5) tangential section near infrared light spectrum information is different, preprocess method is in example 2: utilize OPUS software to carry out elimination constant deviator preprocess method to tangential near infrared spectrum data, choose Spectral range, 9 smoothing processing, 10 number of principal components, use partial least square method and crosscheck method.
The guantification model of the chromatic value lightness L* obtained is, coefficient of determination R
2=91.97, root-mean-square error RMSECV=3.35, relation analysis error RPD=3.53.
Embodiment 3
Embodiment 3 and the difference of embodiment 1 are only that the preprocess method of step (6) tangential section near infrared light spectrum information is different, preprocess method is in example 2: utilize OPUS software to carry out first order derivative and vector normalization preprocess method to tangential near infrared spectrum data, choose Spectral range, 15 smoothing processing, 3 number of principal components, use partial least square method and crosscheck method.
The guantification model of the a* obtained, coefficient of determination R2=89.38, root-mean-square error RMSECV=0.692, relation analysis error RPD=2.46.
Comparative example 1:
This comparative example is only the different of the preprocess method of near infrared light spectrum information from the difference of embodiment:
In comparative example 1, in step (5), the preprocess method of lightness L* near infrared light spectrum information is: second derivative, obtains the guantification model (coefficient of determination R of lightness L*
2=86.29, root-mean-square error RMSECV=4.95, relation analysis error RPD=2.72), utilize this model, test the near infrared light spectrum information through the Southern Pine wooden unit of 220 DEG C × 4h and input, obtaining detected value (220 DEG C × 4h) is 54.17, and the lightness L* of this wooden unit of experimental determination is 47.96, and deviation is-6.21.
In step (6), the method for the preprocess method of red green axle chromaticity index a* near infrared light spectrum information is: min-max normalization, obtains the guantification model (coefficient of determination R of red green axle chromaticity index a*
2=78.49, root-mean-square error RMSECV=0.787, relation analysis error RPD=2.16), utilize this model, test the near infrared light spectrum information through the Southern Pine wooden unit of 180 DEG C × 4h and input, obtaining detected value (180 DEG C × 4h) is 10.98, and the red green axle chromaticity index a* of this wooden unit of experimental determination is 12.67, and deviation is 1.69.
In step (7), the preprocess method of champac axle chromaticity index b * near infrared light spectrum information is: vector normalization, obtains the guantification model (coefficient of determination R of champac axle chromaticity index b *
2=83.35, root-mean-square error RMSECV=2.04, relation analysis error RPD=2.5), utilize this model, test the near infrared light spectrum information through the Southern Pine wooden unit of 120 DEG C × 4h and input, obtaining detected value (120 DEG C × 4h) is 25.33, and the champac axle chromaticity index b * of this wooden unit of experimental determination is 22.94, and deviation is-2.39.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (10)
1., based on the construction method of the mathematical model of the heat-treated wood wood color of near infrared spectrum, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) treating of wood become machine direction to be 18 ~ 25mm, radial direction is 18 ~ 25mm, and flat-cut direction is several wooden units of 18 ~ 25mm, and each of wooden unit is smooth;
(2) wooden unit handled well is partly or entirely heat-treated;
(3) the tangential chromatic value lightness L* of wooden unit is measured, red green axle chromaticity index a*, champac axle chromaticity index b *;
(4) get the wooden unit carrying out chromatic value and measure, gather its tangential near infrared light spectrum information;
(5) mathematical model of L*, a*, b* is set up respectively: pre-service is carried out to described tangential near infrared light spectrum information, get wooden unit tangential near infrared light spectrum information after pre-service respectively with L*, a*, b* of same wooden unit, application OPUS software, simultaneous, adopt the method for Chemical Measurement to carry out process to data message to conclude, obtain L* respectively, the mathematical model of a*, b*.
2. the construction method of mathematical model according to claim 1, is characterized in that, treating of wood is become machine direction 20mm by step (1), radial direction 20mm, the wooden unit of flat-cut direction 20mm.
3. the construction method of mathematical model according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), the number of wooden unit is not less than 40, and preferred number is 80 ~ 100.
4. the construction method of mathematical model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the wooden unit handled well is equally divided into four parts by step (2), and wherein a part is without thermal treatment, and remaining three parts carry out 120 DEG C × 4h, 180 DEG C × 4h, 220 DEG C × 4h thermal treatment respectively.
5. the construction method of mathematical model according to claim 4, is characterized in that, step (3) measures 3 ~ 5 L*, a*, b* values respectively on each wooden unit, then gets respective arithmetic average as end value.
6. the construction method of the mathematical model according to any one of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, the method of step (5) to described tangential near infrared spectrum information pre-processing is: utilize OPUS software to use different preprocess methods to carry out pre-service to tangential near infrared spectrum data, choose Spectral range, 9-17 point smoothing processing, 3-10 number of principal components, uses partial least square method and crosscheck method.
7. the construction method of mathematical model according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the method of step (5) to described tangential near infrared spectrum information pre-processing is: utilize OPUS software to use different pretreatments method to process to tangential near infrared spectrum data, choose Spectral range, 17 smoothing processing, 7 number of principal components, use partial least square method and crosscheck method.
8. utilize the mathematical model that the method for claim 1-7 builds.
9. the mathematical model of claim 8 is detecting the application in heat-treated wood wood color.
10. application according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, the detection method of heat-treated wood wood color comprises the following steps: in OPUS software, call in the lightness L* of foundation respectively, red green axle chromaticity index a*, the mathematical model of champac axle chromaticity index b *, inputs untreated or through the near infrared spectrum of the heat treated timber of arbitrary temp, the detected value of chromatic value L*, a*, b* of timber under corresponding conditions can be obtained respectively, and then obtain the wood color of timber.
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| CN107314987A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-11-03 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of method that utilization near infrared spectrum detects rape single plant yield |
| CN108827907A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-11-16 | 新疆维吾尔自治区分析测试研究院 | It is a kind of based near infrared spectrum to the rapid assay methods of color cotton coloration |
| CN109253985A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-01-22 | 东北林业大学 | The method of near infrared light spectrum discrimination Chinese zither panel grading of timber neural network based |
| CN109579996A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-04-05 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心 | The method of red vertebra timber colour examining |
| CN114459604A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-05-10 | 华中科技大学 | Method and system for constructing visible near infrared spectrum dictionary |
| CN115070892A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-20 | 安徽农业大学 | Prediction method and prediction model for heat-treated wood string cutting processing surface color |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107314987A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-11-03 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of method that utilization near infrared spectrum detects rape single plant yield |
| CN108827907A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-11-16 | 新疆维吾尔自治区分析测试研究院 | It is a kind of based near infrared spectrum to the rapid assay methods of color cotton coloration |
| CN109579996A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-04-05 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心 | The method of red vertebra timber colour examining |
| CN109253985A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-01-22 | 东北林业大学 | The method of near infrared light spectrum discrimination Chinese zither panel grading of timber neural network based |
| CN109253985B (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2022-01-11 | 东北林业大学 | Method for identifying wood grade for koto panel by near infrared spectrum based on neural network |
| CN114459604A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-05-10 | 华中科技大学 | Method and system for constructing visible near infrared spectrum dictionary |
| CN114459604B (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-06-21 | 华中科技大学 | Method and system for constructing visible near infrared spectrum dictionary |
| CN115070892A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-20 | 安徽农业大学 | Prediction method and prediction model for heat-treated wood string cutting processing surface color |
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