CN104722569A - Method for determining ecological safety threshold of heavy metal in chemical engineering area - Google Patents
Method for determining ecological safety threshold of heavy metal in chemical engineering area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining an ecological safety threshold of heavy metal in chemical engineering areas. The method comprises the following steps: A1, collecting biological toxicity data; A2, screening the collected biological toxicity data according to the preset screening strategy; A3, determining whether the screened biological toxicity data quantity meets a preset data amount threshold; if it is, implementing step A4; and otherwise, supplementing biological toxicity data through the ecotoxicological test, and then implementing the step A4; and A4, based on the screened biological toxicity data, or screened toxicity data and biological toxicity data supplemented by ecotoxicological test, determining the ecological safety threshold of soil heavy metal in the chemical engineering area. The method of the invention can effectively evaluate the soil ecological risk caused by heavy metal pollutants.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil ecology technology, particularly the method for a kind of deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value.
Background technology
Along with socioeconomic fast development, the whole world is also increasing to the demand of metal, makes the exploitation of metal mineral reserves and smelting present the trend of geometric growth.And the heavy metal used in a large number, enter again soil by all means, cause the pollution of soil environment, serious threat is caused to soil ecology safety and human health.Such as, the construction of a large amount of industrial park and planning, although ensured organically blending of different enterprise, the gathering of a large amount of enterprise, the discharge of industrial wastewater, waste liquid, the ecological environment of Ye Dui industrial park and neighboring area has brought certain pressure.Especially concentrated more smelting and processing of metals enterprise and be the industrial park of large chemical plant of medium based on metal, the heavy metal discharging of waste liquid of enterprise in these industrial parks, the heavy metal pollution of industrial park environment will be caused, and the heavy metal element polluted in garden, can by rainwash and atmospheric sedimentation effect, the agricultural land soil of neighboring area, further contaminated industry garden.Due to the poor mobility of heavy metal contaminants in soil, holdup time length, be not easily biodegradable, and then cause the cereal crops planted to be subject to heavy metal pollution, thus by food chain, serious threat is caused to human body health.
Along with society is to the pay attention to day by day of ecological environment, in industrial park, the problem of heavy metal pollution of soil more and more receives publicity, and the risk assessment study of heavy metal contaminated soil is also day by day deep.Wherein, about chemical industry activity produce of a great variety, complicated component containing heavy metal contaminants, such as, the heavy metal contaminants such as lead, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, to the pollution of Zinc fractions, become the focus that heavy metal-polluted soil urban eco landscape forest is studied.
At present, for the technical problem of current China Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal pollution of soil, the ecological safety threshold value of related soil heavy metal (plumbous, chromium) is not also proposed, the soil ecology risk caused with heavy metal pollutant carries out Efficient Evaluation, and build the acquisition methods of Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value being applicable to China's national situation, thus the soil environment ecological risk supervision caused for Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal contaminants provides direct technology support and decision-making foundation.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, main purpose of the present invention is the method proposing a kind of deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value, and the soil ecology risk that heavy metal pollutant causes carries out Efficient Evaluation.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides the method for a kind of deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value, the method comprises:
A1, collection of biological toxicity data, described bio-toxicity data comprise document bio-toxicity data and test organism toxicity data, and the bio-toxicity data of collection comprise: the test organism toxicity data that the document bio-toxicity data obtained in ECOTOX toxicity data storehouse, the document bio-toxicity data obtained in middle National IP Network CJFD and experimental determination obtain;
A2, according to the screening strategy pre-set, the bio-toxicity data of collecting are screened, described screening strategy comprises: normalization is determined strategy in conjunction with the strategy of reliability, correlation and adequacy, representative species preference policies, ecological toxicology evaluation index, determined Sensitive protection goal, ensures the strategy of bio-toxicity data integrity and determines bio-toxicity data evaluation standard strategy;
A3, judges that whether screen the bio-toxicity data volume obtained meets the data-quantity threshold pre-set, and if so, performs steps A 4, otherwise, supplement bio-toxicity data by ecological toxicology test, perform steps A 4; Wherein, described data-quantity threshold at least adopts four ten section's living species amounts, and described four ten section's living species include but not limited to: in Angiospermae, in a kind of biology of a kind of biology of a kind of biology of a kind of biology of a kind of biology gramineous, composite family, a kind of biology of green onion section, a kind of biology cucurbitaceous, Cruciferae, pulse family, Solanaceae, Annelida, in a kind of biology of Lumbricidae, a kind of biology of Arthropoda medium knot jumping section and Mollusca, the one of Achatinidae is biological;
A4, based on screening the bio-toxicity data obtained, or screens the bio-toxicity data obtained and the bio-toxicity data of being supplemented by ecological toxicology test, deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value; Wherein, when including terrestrial life toxicity data in bio-toxicity data, the bio-toxicity data volume for deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value be greater than pre-set really fixed number threshold value time, adopt and determine described Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value based on the distribution of species sensitiveness, the bio-toxicity data for deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value be not more than pre-set really fixed number threshold value time, adopt evaluation factor method to determine described Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value; When not including terrestrial life toxicity data in bio-toxicity data, EqP method is utilized to determine described Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value.
Preferably, described screening strategy comprises further: the one in whether Extrapolation method, toxicity data that whether toxicity data is applicable to intend adopting meet the requirement of National Environmental management policy, whether toxicity data is originated can represent one's country ecosystem present situation and species or its be combined.
Preferably, described Sensitive protection goal comprises: terrestrial plant, soil invertebrate and edaphon.
Preferably, use the distribution based on the species sensitiveness of log-logistic to determine described Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value, formula is as follows:
Y is cumulative probability;
X is concentration;
P1, P2 are parameter.
Preferably, described evaluation factor method is by the minimum report toxicity value selected is determined described Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value divided by the evaluation factor pre-set.
Preferably, as follows without the formula of effective concentration by the prediction of described EqP method calculating pollutant in soil:
In formula, PNEC
soilfor the prediction of pollutant in soil is without effective concentration, unit is mg.kg
-1;
K
soil-waterfor soil/water partition coefficient, unit is m
3.m
-3;
PNEC
waterfor the prediction of pollutant in water body is without effective concentration, unit is mg.L
-1;
RHO
soilfor the unit weight of wet soil, unit is kg.m
-3.
Preferably, after experimental determination obtains test organism toxicity data, described method comprises further:
Test organism toxicity data from different qualities soil is converted into standard soil test organism toxicity data.
Preferably, conversion formula is as follows:
In formula,
NOEC or L (E) C
50 (standard)for NOEC or L (E) C of standard soil
50, unit is mg.kg
-1;
NOEC or L (E) C
50 (exp)for testing NOEC or L (E) C of soil
50, unit is mg.kg
-1;
Fom
soil (standard)for ratio organic in standard soil, unit is kg.kg
-1, be defaulted as 3.4%;
Fom
soil (exp)for the organic matter ratio in test soil, unit is kg.kg
-1.
Preferably, described method comprises further:
The Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value determined is upgraded according to the update strategy pre-set.
Preferably, described update strategy comprises: soil class and ecological toxicology evaluation index, and wherein, soil class comprises: soil physical properties, chemical property and soil microbial activities; Ecological toxicology evaluation index comprises: LC50, EC
x, NOEC and LOEC.
As seen from the above technical solutions, the method of a kind of deterministic work area provided by the invention heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value, by collection of biological toxicity data, according to the screening strategy pre-set, the bio-toxicity data of collecting are screened, and based on screening the bio-toxicity data obtained, deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value.Thus build the acquisition methods of the Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value being applicable to China's national situation, the soil ecology risk that causes of heavy metal pollutant can carry out Efficient Evaluation, the soil environment ecological risk supervision caused for Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal contaminants provides direct technology support and decision-making foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the method flow schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
For a long time, China's heavy metal is polluted the ecological environment of soil caused and is destroyed attention not, especially soil ecology risk assessment technology and method serious loss, the basic data of having species characteristics and soil types based on China by oneself is very deficient, the method of a kind of deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value is not also proposed, by the heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value determined, carry out Efficient Evaluation to soil environment quality assessment and soil ecology risk, this is obviously unfavorable to the sustainable development in China's soil environment quality management and soil.
In the embodiment of the present invention, for the technical problem of current China Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal pollution of soil, the method of acquisition Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil (plumbous, chromium) the ecological safety threshold value being applicable to China's national situation is proposed, carry out Efficient Evaluation with the soil ecology risk caused plumbous, chromium pollutant, thus the soil environment ecological risk supervision caused for Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal contaminants provides direct technology support and decision-making foundation.
Heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value is also called soil ecology secure threshold (Soil EnvironmentalCriteria), refer to that a certain heavy metal contaminants in soil does not produce maximum dose (action-less dose) or the concentration of bad or adverse effect to particular exposed acceptor, namely the soil ecology function of terrestrial ecosystems and key is provided to the critical content (threshold value) of the heavy metal pollution of soil thing of suitable protection correspondence, need to take into account multiple trophic level biological acceptor (as plant, soil animal and microorganism) and the protection of ecosystem function, it is soil quality assessment, the important evidence that quality control and quality standard are worked out, for control soil pollution, preserve the ecological environment, ensure agricultural production and safeguard that health has great importance.Wherein, particular exposed acceptor comprises: plant, soil animal and microorganism.
With regard to methodology, the various countries guideline that adopts and key technology when formulating heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value are also slightly different, and Main Differences is embodied in the screening principle of document toxicity data, ecological receptor type, test terminal (NOEC, LOEC or EC
x), the many aspects such as ecotoxicological data (acute or chronic), level of protection, Data Extrapolation method.For a long time, China payes attention to not to the environmental destruction that soil pollution causes, especially the risk assessment techniques and methods serious loss of soil pollution, basic data based on population of China feature, own species characteristics and soil types is very deficient, also do not set up a set of secure threshold that can support soil environment quality assessment and urban eco landscape forest completely, this is obviously unfavorable to the sustainable development in China's soil environment quality management and soil.Therefore; State-level is carried out the research of comprehensive and systematic soil ecology secure threshold; to building Soil-environmental standard, formulating soil environment protection countermeasure, carry out the soil pollution comprehensive regulation, doing Land Environment planning and protection soil natural resources etc. well, all have important practical significance.Therefore; in the embodiment of the present invention; toxicity toxicological test is carried out by selecting representational species in Different groups (plant, soil invertebrate and microorganism); to infer and to set up the sensitivity distribution scope of different plant species heavy metal pollutant, thus corresponding heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value can be determined according to the level of protection of setting.
Fig. 1 is the method flow schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value.See Fig. 1, this flow process comprises:
Step 101, collection of biological toxicity data;
In this step, bio-toxicity data comprise: document bio-toxicity data and test organism toxicity data.
Document bio-toxicity data are mainly derived from shared database.Such as, physical and chemical parameter and the ecotoxicological database of pollutant is obtained in public database or international literature data.Wherein, ecotoxicological database comprises: the international uniform chemical information database (IUCLID) of European chemical balance motion office, the ecotoxicological database (ECOTOX) of EPA, Dutch state-run public health and the ecotoxicological risk assessment database (e-toxbase) of Environmental Research Institute (RIVM), middle National IP Network CJFD etc.
Test organism toxicity data is mainly derived from the result adopting China domestic terrestrial organism to carry out toxicity test.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the bio-toxicity data of collection comprise: the test organism toxicity data that the document bio-toxicity data obtained in ECOTOX toxicity data storehouse, the document bio-toxicity data obtained in middle National IP Network CJFD and experimental determination obtain.Because the present invention only need obtain test organism toxicity data, thus, obtain the idiographic flow of test organism toxicity data about experimental determination, another patent application can submitted to see applicant, omits detailed description at this.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the particular content of test organism toxicity data comprises: NOEC, LOEC or EC
x.
Step 102, according to the screening strategy pre-set, screens the bio-toxicity data of collecting;
In this step, due to the height heterogeneity of soil and the diversity of interference factor, such as, soil organic matter content and pH value all significantly can affect the biological effectiveness of heavy metal contaminants, therefore, carry out Effective selection very necessary to toxicity data.Such as, the screening strategy pre-set can be the strategy of normalization (normalization) in conjunction with reliability (reliability), correlation (relevance) and adequacy (adequacy), bio-toxicity data can be adjusted by normalized method, by the method for reliability, correlation and adequacy, direct comparison and analysis can be carried out to different kind organism toxicity data.
Further, screening strategy can also comprise: the one in whether Extrapolation method, toxicity data that whether toxicity data is applicable to intend adopting meet the requirement of National Environmental management policy, whether toxicity data is originated can represent one's country ecosystem present situation and value (species) or its be combined.
In the embodiment of the present invention, based on the characteristic in China's typification work area, when deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value, screening strategy comprise in following description further one or more:
A1, representative species preference policies:
In the representative species preference policies of the embodiment of the present invention, prioritizing selection China or local representative species, such as, the common species of prioritizing selection, important economic species and crops, have the species of important function in the ecosystem.Meanwhile, can also take into full account China's ecosystem characteristic, prioritizing selection has the biology of the testing standard that the normal structure such as China's chemicals method of testing, OECD, ISO, ASTM is formulated.
Biological and the index of the table 1 terrestial enviornment ecological toxicology that to be the embodiment of the present invention select according to representative species preference policies.
Table 1
In table 1, monocotyledon comprises paddy rice, oat, corn etc., and dicotyledon comprises rape, Chinese cabbage etc.
A2, ecological toxicology evaluation index determines strategy:
In the embodiment of the present invention, when determining heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value, adopt LC50 (LC
50) as short term toxicity test test terminal, namely adopt LC
50as the ecological toxicology evaluation index of short term toxicity test.In chronic toxicity test, then mainly consider the impact on biological subject breeding, growth, growth, behavior, activity, pathology, physiological change, Nutrient Cycling, adopt ECx, NOEC, NOEL as the ecological toxicology evaluation index of chronic toxicity test.
In the embodiment of the present invention, considering that China is when determining heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value, should be based upon on the sensitive biological intoxicating concentration of a large amount of system and low-level, long-term, sub-chronic or Chronic exposure biological effect basis.Thus, preferentially select long-term/chronic toxicity, and adopt NOEC or NOEL as ecological toxicology evaluation index.
A3, determines Sensitive protection goal, ensures the strategy of bio-toxicity data integrity:
In the embodiment of the present invention, by determining Sensitive protection goal, protection sensitive biological carrys out the structure of protecting ecology system, thus realizes the function of the soil protection ecosystem.
Sensitive protection goal comprises: terrestrial plant, soil invertebrate (earthworm, springtail, nematode etc.), edaphon.
A4, determines authentic experiments method, ensures the strategy of bio-toxicity data applicability: i.e. aforesaid reliability and correlation.That is, the test inherent quality adopted is guaranteed, and test method, process and result etc. are effectively reliable, tests extent and scope simultaneously and meets specific harm or risk assessment.
Novel chemical substance is tested, test method listed in China " chemicals method of testing (2004) " must be met, if or there is no applicable method, then according to the directive/guide of international endorsement, first-selected OECD chemicals test directive/guide (OECD, Guidelines For the Testing of Chemicals) or the method for testing of U.S. EPA method of testing (OPPTS, Harmonized Test Guidelines) and International Organization for standardization (ISO).Test must operate according to the requirement of China's Laboratory Accreditation and CMA.
A5, determines bio-toxicity data evaluation standard strategy.
In the embodiment of the present invention, evaluation criterion comprises: the bio-toxicity data of employing are wanted to obtain its original text, and the factor such as operating process, experimental condition, quality control, computational methods of this test is passed judgment on, judge experimental design whether rationally, whether experimental condition meet standard (open-assembly time etc.), whether whether carry out quality control (prioritizing selection has carried out the data of quality control), computational methods correct, should give up for the bio-toxicity data not meeting above-mentioned evaluation criterion.
In the embodiment of the present invention, consider above-mentioned screening strategy, for the bio-toxicity data of collecting, therefrom first-selected EC
10(in document, report result or by there being the initial data of obvious dose-effect relationship to calculate) or NOEC (without observation effective concentration), simultaneously, when multiple bio-toxicity data are existed for same species, by calculating the geometric mean of multiple bio-toxicity data, obtain " species are average " EC
10/ NOEC value is as end value.
In the embodiment of the present invention, according to above-mentioned screening strategy, Screening Treatment is carried out to the bio-toxicity data of collecting, reject the bio-toxicity data do not met the demands, finally obtain bio-toxicity data.
Step 103, judges that whether screen the bio-toxicity data volume obtained meets the data-quantity threshold pre-set, and if so, performs step 104, otherwise, supplement bio-toxicity data by ecological toxicology test, perform step 104;
In this step, whether meet the data-quantity threshold pre-set and refer to whether meet the evaluation criterion pre-set.In conjunction with research both at home and abroad, and consider the conditions of demand (minimum ten bio-toxicity data) of follow-up species sensitiveness distribution SSD to bio-toxicity data volume, combine simultaneously and whether there is standard method of test, in the embodiment of the present invention, when deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value, living species amount that data-quantity threshold at least adopts " four ten sections ", to ensure the representativeness of species, the science of derivation method preferably.
In the embodiment of the present invention, when bio-toxicity data volume is not enough, or the bio-toxicity data volume of eligible (through screening) does not reach data-quantity threshold, need to carry out ecological toxicology test and carry out supplementary bio-toxicity data, make it to reach " four ten sections " living species amount.Wherein, four ten sections should comprise the bio-toxicity data of edaphophyte, soil invertebrate.Specifically, four ten section's living species include but not limited to following living species:
1. the one biology (as lettuce) of a kind of biological (as wheat, rice, corn, Chinese sorghum etc.) gramineous, composite family, the one biology (as leek, shallot) of green onion section, a kind of biological (as cucumber), the one biology (as Chinese cabbage) of Cruciferae cucurbitaceous, the one biology (as soybean) of pulse family, the one biology (as tomato) of Solanaceae in Angiospermae;
2. the one biology (as Eisenia Foetida) of Lumbricidae in Annelida;
3. the one biology (as accorded with springtail in vain) of Arthropoda medium knot jumping section;
4. the one biology (as Achatina) of Achatinidae in Mollusca.
In addition, other native country species, such as, Scarabaeidae animal, enchytrae, river snail etc. are also potential ecological toxicology test species.
Institute it should be noted that in the embodiment of the present invention, and microorganism is a part important in the ecosystem, although the test of its ecological toxicology exists certain dispute, when condition is feasible, also should consider the ecological toxicology test data of edaphon.
Step 104, based on screening the bio-toxicity data obtained, or screens the bio-toxicity data obtained and the bio-toxicity data of being supplemented by ecological toxicology test, deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value.
In this step, for the test organism toxicity data in bio-toxicity data, the test organism toxicity data of the overwhelming majority is all obtained by indoor toxicity test, when these test organism toxicity datas are applied to the structure of heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value, suitable extrapolation and conversion must be carried out, correctly to reflect and to embody the reality under field condition.
In the embodiment of the present invention, carry out the soil characteristic parameter of ecological toxicology test, as: organic matter, clay composition, soil pH value and soil moisture content etc. are had nothing in common with each other, and biology to the bioavailability of chemical substance and poisonous effect relevant with the characteristic of soil.Therefore, need the test data from different qualities soil to be converted into standard soil result of the test (such as European Union's required standard soil organic matter content is 3.4%).Suppose for nonionic organic chemicals, its biological absorption is determined by the content of organic matter in soil, then NOEC and LC
5oaccording to formula correction below:
In formula,
NOEC or L (E) C
50 (standard)for NOEC or L (E) C of standard soil
50, unit is mg.kg
-1;
NOEC or L (E) C
50 (exp)for testing NOEC or L (E) C of soil
50, unit is mg.kg
-1;
Fom
soil (standard)for ratio organic in standard soil, unit is kg.kg
-1, be defaulted as 3.4%;
Fom
soil (exp)for the organic matter ratio in test soil, unit is kg.kg
-1.
In the embodiment of the present invention, according to bio-toxicity data volume, the following three kinds of methods corresponding to data volume can be adopted to extrapolate to bio-toxicity data, to build heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value: 1. based on the distribution (SSD) of species sensitiveness; 2. evaluation factor method (assessment factormethods); 3. EqP method (equilibrium partitioning method), is described below respectively.
1. based on the distribution of species sensitiveness
Species sensitivity distribution method (species sensitivity distribution, SSD) be a kind of Statistics-Based Method, utilize cumulative distribution function to describe the Difference In Toxicity of pollutant to different living species, these species may from same taxon (taxonomic groups), or the representative species selected from a certain group or group.The selection of partition value (tercile) is mostly is decided by the policy of country, and not exclusively belong to-the category of science, the 5th tercile that method choice chronic toxicity as EU Committee distributes is harm concentration value (hazardous concentration, HC
5), toxicity parameter is (as LC
50, LOEC and NOEC etc.) selection also have very large coverage, be not exclusively confined to minimum toxicity value, this also enables the method solve the confidential interval of partition value by statistical computation.
In the embodiment of the present invention, when deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value, in order to make Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value more scientific, reasonable, use the SSD method based on log-logistic, formula is as follows:
In formula, y is cumulative probability;
X is concentration;
P1, P2 are parameter.
In practical application; harm concentration HCp (the harm concentration that only p% species are not protected) is considered to critical harm concentration biocoene being produced to minimum influence; the threshold value obtained by this kind of method is the species harm concentration of p percentage, by HCp (as HC
5) divided by after the factor pre-set, Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value can be obtained.
2. evaluation factor method
In the embodiment of the present invention, if the bio-toxicity data deficiencies of pollutant or comparatively deficient, then evaluation factor method can be adopted to determine or derivation Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value.
Evaluation factor method is by the minimum report toxicity value selected (lowest reported toxicityvalue) is solved Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value divided by a certain uncertain factor or safety coefficient (evaluation factor).In the embodiment of the present invention, the minimum clear and definite effective concentration (lowest determined effect concentration) obtained according to laboratory test is derived Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value.
The evaluation factor of table 2 for using during the heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value of embodiment of the present invention deterministic work area.
Table 2
3. EqP method
In first two method, terrestrial life toxicity data is included in bio-toxicity data, when seriously or completely lacking terrestrial life toxicity data, can by aquatic toxicity data, carry out suitable data reduction according to the equilibrium assignmen theory of pollutant between soil solid and soil pore water, utilize EqP method deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value.
The principle of EqP method supposition is:
A. benthon is identical with the susceptibility of aquatile to chemicals;
B. pollutant distributes in deposit, concentration between pore water and benthon and is in thermal dynamic equilibrium state;
C. the distribution coefficient of pollutant between deposit and water can measure, or derives to utilize general theory of distribution by the character measuring sedimental character and compound respectively.
In the embodiment of the present invention, between carrying out predicting ambient concentration (PECsoil) to liposoluble substance (Kow > 5) and predicting without effective concentration (PNECsoil) during the calculating of ratio, must again divided by factor 10.
The prediction calculating pollutant in soil is as follows without the formula of effective concentration (PNECsoil):
In formula, PNEC
soilfor the prediction of pollutant in soil is without effective concentration, unit is mg.kg
-1;
K
soil-waterfor soil/water partition coefficient, unit is m
3.m
-3;
PNEC
waterfor the prediction of pollutant in water body is without effective concentration, unit is mg.L
-1;
RHO
soilfor the unit weight of wet soil, unit is kg.m
-3.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the method can further include:
Step 105, upgrades the Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value determined according to the update strategy pre-set.
In this step, after the heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value of deterministic work area, if code administration department is thought calculate the problems such as worked-out Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value exists overprotection or protection is not enough according to bio-toxicity data, or (background value as lower than locality) is not conformed to actual environment condition, or not there is operability (detectability lower than current), can according to the peer review or expert advice, last revision and verification are carried out to Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value, as by increasing or cancelling some evaluation factor to obtain more rationally effective Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the establishment by affecting finalization work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value such as soil class, ecological toxicology evaluation index.
For example, for soil class, because soil is different from air and water, it is the heterogeneous surrounding medium of a kind of height, the biological effectiveness of heavy metal contaminants in soil is subject to the impact of several factors, such as, soil physical properties (soil weight, quality, permeability and stability etc.), chemical property (pH, CEC, soil acidity or alkalinity, oxidation-reduction potentials etc.) and soil microbial activities etc.
The eco-toxicology effects of heavy metal contaminants in soil type is not too identical, thus, when determining heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value, needs the soil types difference reflecting different regions.Such as, by picking out the physiological-toxicity of heavy metal pollutant in soil and the larger soil physico-chemical property of biological effectiveness impact, the content of organic matter, soil particle diameter composition etc. larger to pollutant effect is used to unitize to bio-toxicity data.
In the embodiment of the present invention, because China's soil pH distribution is roughly 4.0 ~ 9.0, content of organic matter distribution is 0.3% ~ 13.2%, thus, 3 indexs can be formed according to soil pH, the content of organic matter and particle, soil is classified, thus under can soil type being investigated, the difference of heavy metal contaminants eco-toxicity, in this, as the basis of heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value of deriving, formulate.
For ecological toxicology evaluation index, LC50 (LC
50) usually as the test terminal of short term toxicity test.In chronic test, then mainly consider the impact on biological subject breeding, growth, growth, behavior, activity, pathology, physiological change, Nutrient Cycling, usually use EC
x, NOEC, LOEC represent.
Thus, in the embodiment of the present invention, when gained bio-toxicity data lack, use evaluation factor method divided by the specific AF factor, namely adopt bio-toxicity value divided by the AF factor, obtain Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value.And when gained bio-toxicity data are more, use the SSD method deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value based on log-logistic.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a method for deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value, it is characterized in that, the method comprises:
A1, collection of biological toxicity data, described bio-toxicity data comprise document bio-toxicity data and test organism toxicity data, and the bio-toxicity data of collection comprise: the test organism toxicity data that the document bio-toxicity data obtained in ECOTOX toxicity data storehouse, the document bio-toxicity data obtained in middle National IP Network CJFD and experimental determination obtain;
A2, according to the screening strategy pre-set, the bio-toxicity data of collecting are screened, described screening strategy comprises: normalization is determined strategy in conjunction with the strategy of reliability, correlation and adequacy, representative species preference policies, ecological toxicology evaluation index, determined Sensitive protection goal, ensures the strategy of bio-toxicity data integrity and determines bio-toxicity data evaluation standard strategy;
A3, judges that whether screen the bio-toxicity data volume obtained meets the data-quantity threshold pre-set, and if so, performs steps A 4, otherwise, supplement bio-toxicity data by ecological toxicology test, perform steps A 4; Wherein, described data-quantity threshold at least adopts four ten section's living species amounts, and described four ten section's living species include but not limited to: in Angiospermae, in a kind of biology of a kind of biology of a kind of biology of a kind of biology of a kind of biology gramineous, composite family, a kind of biology of green onion section, a kind of biology cucurbitaceous, Cruciferae, pulse family, Solanaceae, Annelida, in a kind of biology of Lumbricidae, a kind of biology of Arthropoda medium knot jumping section and Mollusca, the one of Achatinidae is biological;
A4, based on screening the bio-toxicity data obtained, or screens the bio-toxicity data obtained and the bio-toxicity data of being supplemented by ecological toxicology test, deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value; Wherein, when including terrestrial life toxicity data in bio-toxicity data, the bio-toxicity data volume for deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value be greater than pre-set really fixed number threshold value time, adopt and determine described Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value based on the distribution of species sensitiveness, the bio-toxicity data for deterministic work area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value be not more than pre-set really fixed number threshold value time, adopt evaluation factor method to determine described Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value; When not including terrestrial life toxicity data in bio-toxicity data, EqP method is utilized to determine described Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, described screening strategy comprises further: the one in whether Extrapolation method, toxicity data that whether toxicity data is applicable to intend adopting meet the requirement of National Environmental management policy, whether toxicity data is originated can represent one's country ecosystem present situation and species or its be combined.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described Sensitive protection goal comprises: terrestrial plant, soil invertebrate and edaphon.
4. the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, use the distribution based on the species sensitiveness of log-logistic to determine described Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value, formula is as follows:
Y is cumulative probability;
X is concentration;
P1, P2 are parameter.
5. the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, described evaluation factor method is by the minimum report toxicity value selected is determined described Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value divided by the evaluation factor pre-set.
6. the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, the prediction being calculated pollutant in soil by described EqP method is as follows without the formula of effective concentration:
In formula, PNEC
soilfor the prediction of pollutant in soil is without effective concentration, unit is mg.kg
-1;
K
soil-waterfor soil/water partition coefficient, unit is m
3.m
-3;
PNEC
waterfor the prediction of pollutant in water body is without effective concentration, unit is mg.L
-1;
RHO
soilfor the unit weight of wet soil, unit is kg.m
-3.
7. the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, after experimental determination obtains test organism toxicity data, described method comprises further:
Test organism toxicity data from different qualities soil is converted into standard soil test organism toxicity data.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, conversion formula is as follows:
In formula,
NOEC or L (E) C
50 (standard)for NOEC or L (E) C of standard soil
50, unit is mg.kg
-1;
NOEC or L (E) C
50 (exp)for testing NOEC or L (E) C of soil
50, unit is mg.kg
-1;
Fom
soil (standard)for ratio organic in standard soil, unit is kg.kg
-1, be defaulted as 3.4%;
Fom
soil (exp)for the organic matter ratio in test soil, unit is kg.kg
-1.
9. the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, described method comprises further:
The Craft in Chemical Industrial Area heavy metal-polluted soil ecological safety threshold value determined is upgraded according to the update strategy pre-set.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, described update strategy comprises: soil class and ecological toxicology evaluation index, and wherein, soil class comprises: soil physical properties, chemical property and soil microbial activities; Ecological toxicology evaluation index comprises: LC50, EC
x, NOEC and LOEC.
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