CN104722555B - Method for harmlessly debrominating bromine-containing plastic waste - Google Patents
Method for harmlessly debrominating bromine-containing plastic waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN104722555B CN104722555B CN201510067170.6A CN201510067170A CN104722555B CN 104722555 B CN104722555 B CN 104722555B CN 201510067170 A CN201510067170 A CN 201510067170A CN 104722555 B CN104722555 B CN 104722555B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for harmlessly debrominating bromine-containing plastic waste. The method comprises the following steps: a, pre-processing raw materials; b, performing debromination reaction under high pressure at a high temperature; c, post-processing. The method achieves the following technical goals: firstly, the critical pressure and critical temperature of ammonia water are much lower than those of water, the reaction conditions are gentle, the energy consumption is relatively low, and the reaction is easy to control; secondly, hydroxy radicals which are dissociated in reaction by utilizing the ammonia water are used for neutralizing acidy substances in a reaction process, so that the corrosion of a reaction product to the equipment is avoided; thirdly, ammonium radical ions which are dissociated in reaction by utilizing the ammonia water are used for catching bromine produced in the reaction, so that the debrominating efficiency is further improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that solid waste is converted into harmless or utility, more particularly to a kind of brominated
The method of the innoxious debrominate of plastic wastes.
Background technology
Brominated plastic wastes are one of increment solid waste the most rapid over nearly 10 years.Brominated plastic wastes contain respectively
Brominated flame-retardant is planted, conventional brominated flame-retardant is divided into for example many bromo diphenyl ether of addition type, PBBs, HBCD,
With response type such as tetrabromobisphenol A.Various brominated flame-retardants listed new a collection of persistence organic pollutant in 2009, with latent
Biological concentration toxicity and environment incretion interference effect.Therefore, it is being disposed or resource to discarding brominated plastics
Debrominate process must be carried out during recovery.Traditional brominated plastic wastes disposal options, such as burn and fill, easily produce high toxicity
Many bromo dibenzo dioxin and biphenyl furan or cause secondary pollution of the brominated flame-retardant to soil and groundwater.Therefore,
For the brominated flame-retardant for existing in current brominated plastic wastes in a large number, safely and effectively debrominate detoxification technique is developed, for solution
Certainly increasingly serious brominated plastic wastes pollution is significant.
At present, the existing debrominate technology for brominated plastic wastes mainly includes pyrolysis, microbial degradation, purple both at home and abroad
Outer photoirradiation, zero-valent metal catalysis etc..Wherein, the shortcoming of Pyrolyzation and debromination be dioxin product generation and debrominate it is not complete
Entirely；Microbial degradation, ultraviolet light irradiation etc. are only applicable to the brominated flame-retardant of low content in environment and process, and as debrominate is imitated
Rate, secondary pollution and Cost Problems are difficult to realize engineer applied；Zero-valent metal catalysis technique typically adopts normal temperature and pressure aqueous medium,
But the low ionic hydrogen yield and the solvability extremely limited to brominated flame-retardant and plastics in due to normal temperature and pressure aqueous medium is all
Limit the application that zero-valent metal is catalyzed debrominate.
Supercritical fluid is due to its unique physicochemical properties and extra high reactivity so as in toxic organic compound
Decomposition in terms of have broad application prospects.High added value was obtained as plastic wastes can both be decomposed by supercritical fluid
Oil, while and the bromine in plastic wastes can be removed, therefore obtained extensive concern.Brominated plastics debrominate is had been used at present
Supercritical fluid mainly includes water and organic solvent (such as：Methanol, ethanol, acetone, isopropanol).Supercritical organic solvents debrominate is imitated
Rate is relatively low.For using organic solvent, it is used for brominated plastics debrominate using supercritical water and can obtains higher debrominate effect
Rate, and using water as reaction dissolvent, it is more environmentally friendly.But, supercritical water technology is primarily present down for brominated plastics debrominate
Two, face shortcoming：(1) severe reaction conditions, temperature reach 374 DEG C, and pressure reaches 22MPa, and energy resource consumption is larger, actual to manipulate
Require higher；(2) course of reaction produces acidic materials, to consersion unit seriously corroded under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, to equipment material
Matter requirement is very high, causes equipment manufacturing cost expensive.In fact, the two shortcomings of supercritical water debrominate technology also significantly limit
Its application in brominated plastic wastes harmless treatment.
The content of the invention
To overcome the problems referred to above present invention using supercritical fluid ammonia, following several technical goals are reached：(1) ammonia
Critical pressure and critical temperature are far below water, and reaction condition is more gentle, and energy consumption is relatively low, it is easy to manipulate；(2) using ammonia anti-
Dissociation hydroxyl out in answering, for the acidic materials that neutralization reaction process is produced, so as to avoid product to equipment
Corrosion；(3) ammonium ion for dissociating out using ammonia in the reaction, for the bromine that catching reaction is produced, so as to further carry
High debrominate efficiency.
The technical scheme is that for achieving the above object：
A kind of method of the innoxious debrominate of brominated plastic wastes, comprises the steps：
A. pretreatment of raw material：Brominated plastic wastes are cut into into fine grained chippings；
B. High Temperature High Pressure debromination：Above-mentioned fragment is placed in high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, is then added toward reactor
Ammonia of the concentration for 10%-50%, plastic wastes with the solid-to-liquid ratio of ammonia are：1:5g/mL–1:30g/mL, sealed reactor, plus
Heat heats up >=300 DEG C, starts timing, response time >=15min when being forced into pressure >=9.82MPa；
C. post processing：After reaction terminates, make reactor be cooled to room temperature, the product after cooling is filtered, dichloromethane is used
Then dichloromethane solution after extraction is crossed anhydrous sodium sulfate eliminating water by the oil-phase product of extraction gained filtrate, remaining water phase, will
Dichloromethane solution Rotary Evaporators after eliminating water remove dichloromethane and obtain oil, and the dichloromethane extractant of evaporation is reclaimed
And recycle, inorganic bromine is present in the water phase in the form of an ion.
Further technical scheme, in the step b. High Temperature High Pressure debromination, the concentration of ammonia is：25%.
Further technical scheme, in the step b. High Temperature High Pressure debromination, the solid-to-liquid ratio of plastic wastes and ammonia
For：1:15g/mL.
Further technical scheme, in the step b. High Temperature High Pressure debromination, the response time is 30min.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention, and the debrominate efficiency of this technique is subject to concentration, brominated plastic wastes and the ammonia of ammonia
Solid-to-liquid ratio, reaction temperature, pressure, the impact of the factor such as time.Brominated plastic wastes and 25% are found by multiple experiment
The solid-to-liquid ratio of ammonia is 1:15g/mL, temperature are 300 DEG C, and pressure is 9.82MPa, it is only necessary to which 30min can be by brominated plastic waste
Bromine in thing is completely removed.Best result can be obtained with minimum energy expenditure under gentle reaction condition.
The method of the innoxious debrominate of brominated plastic wastes set up by the present invention has the advantage that：
(1) critical pressure of ammonia and critical temperature is far below water, and reaction condition is more gentle, and energy consumption is relatively low, it is easy to grasp
Control；
(2) hydroxyl for dissociating out using ammonia in the reaction, for neutralization reaction process produce acidic materials, from
And avoid corrosion of the product to equipment；
(3) ammonium ion for dissociating out using ammonia in the reaction, for the bromine that catching reaction is produced, so as to further
Improve debrominate efficiency.
Description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the invention will be further described：
The schematic flow sheet of Fig. 1 present invention；
Fig. 2 embodiment debrominate efficiency changes over figure.
Specific embodiment：
Embodiment 1
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2 first by the waste computer cabinet of brominated 14.8% (w/w%) cut into about 3cm ×
The shape of 3cm, will wherein 5 grams be placed in volume in 200 milliliters of high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettles, then to add 75 milliliters toward reactor
Concentration is 25% ammonia, and sealed reactor is heated to 300 DEG C, and Stress control starts timing in 9.82MPa.Reaction
Stop heating after 10min.Reactor is opened after temperature of reaction kettle is down to room temperature, product is transferred in centrifuge tube, from
The heart separate after filtrate with dichloromethane ultrasonic extraction 20 minutes, vibration separates oil-phase product therein, then crosses anhydrous slufuric acid
Sodium eliminating water, removes dichloromethane with Rotary Evaporators and obtains oil, and the dichloromethane extractant of evaporation is reclaimed and recycled.Extraction
After taking oil-phase product, remaining water is mutually using the contained therein inorganic bromine for existing in the form of an ion of ion chromatography, according to containing
Brominated amount in bromine plastic wastes primary sample, calculates debrominate rate.Test result indicate that, the bromine discarded in computer cabinet
Water phase is transferred in the form of ammonium bromide.Debrominate rate is 63%.
Embodiment 2
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2 first by the waste computer cabinet of brominated 14.8% (w/w%) cut into about 3cm ×
The shape of 3cm, will wherein 5 grams 75 millis are added containing volume is placed in in 200 milliliters of high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettles, then toward reactor
The ammonia that concentration is 25% is risen, sealed reactor is heated to 300 DEG C, Stress control starts timing in 9.82MPa.Reaction
Stop heating after 15min.Reactor is opened after temperature of reaction kettle is down to room temperature, product is transferred in centrifuge tube, from
The heart separate after filtrate with dichloromethane ultrasonic extraction 20 minutes, vibration separates oil-phase product therein, then crosses anhydrous slufuric acid
Sodium eliminating water, removes dichloromethane with Rotary Evaporators and obtains oil, and the dichloromethane extractant of evaporation is reclaimed and recycled.Extraction
After taking oil-phase product, remaining water is mutually using the contained therein inorganic bromine for existing in the form of an ion of ion chromatography, according to containing
Brominated amount in bromine plastic wastes primary sample, calculates debrominate rate.Test result indicate that, the bromine discarded in computer cabinet
Water phase is transferred in the form of ammonium bromide.Debrominate rate is 83.5%.
Embodiment 3
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2 first by the waste computer cabinet of brominated 14.8% (w/w%) cut into about 3cm ×
The shape of 3cm, will wherein 5 grams 75 millis are added containing volume is placed in in 200 milliliters of high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettles, then toward reactor
The ammonia that concentration is 25% is risen, sealed reactor is heated to 300 DEG C, Stress control starts timing in 9.82MPa.Reaction
Stop heating after 30min.Reactor is opened after temperature of reaction kettle is down to room temperature, product is transferred in centrifuge tube, from
The heart separate after filtrate with dichloromethane ultrasonic extraction 20 minutes, vibration separates oil-phase product therein, then crosses anhydrous slufuric acid
Sodium eliminating water, removes dichloromethane with Rotary Evaporators and obtains oil, and the dichloromethane extractant of evaporation is reclaimed and recycled.Extraction
After taking oil-phase product, remaining water is mutually using the contained therein inorganic bromine for existing in the form of an ion of ion chromatography, according to containing
Brominated amount in bromine plastic wastes primary sample, calculates debrominate rate.Test result indicate that, the bromine discarded in computer cabinet
Water phase is transferred in the form of ammonium bromide.Debrominate rate is 100%.
Embodiment 4
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2 first by the waste computer cabinet of brominated 14.8% (w/w%) cut into about 3cm ×
The shape of 3cm, will wherein 5 grams 75 millis are added containing volume is placed in in 200 milliliters of high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettles, then toward reactor
The ammonia that concentration is 25% is risen, sealed reactor is heated to 300 DEG C, Stress control starts timing in 9.82MPa.Reaction
Stop heating after 45min.Reactor is opened after temperature of reaction kettle is down to room temperature, product is transferred in centrifuge tube, from
The heart separate after filtrate with dichloromethane ultrasonic extraction 20 minutes, vibration separates oil-phase product therein, then crosses anhydrous slufuric acid
Sodium eliminating water, removes dichloromethane with Rotary Evaporators and obtains oil, and the dichloromethane extractant of evaporation is reclaimed and recycled.Extraction
After taking oil-phase product, remaining water is mutually using the contained therein inorganic bromine for existing in the form of an ion of ion chromatography, according to containing
Brominated amount in bromine plastic wastes primary sample, calculates debrominate rate.Test result indicate that, the bromine discarded in computer cabinet
Water phase is transferred in the form of ammonium bromide.Debrominate rate is 100%.
Embodiment 5
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2 first by the waste computer cabinet of brominated 14.8% (w/w%) cut into about 3cm ×
The shape of 3cm, will wherein 5 grams 75 millis are added containing volume is placed in in 200 milliliters of high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettles, then toward reactor
The ammonia that concentration is 25% is risen, sealed reactor is heated to 300 DEG C, Stress control starts timing in 9.82MPa.Reaction
Stop heating after 60min.Reactor is opened after temperature of reaction kettle is down to room temperature, product is transferred in centrifuge tube, from
The heart separate after filtrate with dichloromethane ultrasonic extraction 20 minutes, vibration separates oil-phase product therein, then crosses anhydrous slufuric acid
Sodium eliminating water, removes dichloromethane with Rotary Evaporators and obtains oil, and the dichloromethane extractant of evaporation is reclaimed and recycled.Extraction
After taking oil-phase product, remaining water is mutually using the contained therein inorganic bromine for existing in the form of an ion of ion chromatography, according to containing
Brominated amount in bromine plastic wastes primary sample, calculates debrominate rate.Test result indicate that, the bromine discarded in computer cabinet
Water phase is transferred in the form of ammonium bromide.Debrominate rate is 100%.Debrominate when response time is respectively 75min, 90min, 105min
Rate is 100%.
Embodiment 6
The waste computer cabinet of brominated 14.8% (w/w%) is cut into into about 3cm × 3cm's first as shown in Figure 1
Shape, will wherein 5 grams add toward reactor containing volume is placed in in 200 milliliters of high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettles, then 75 milliliters it is dense
The ammonia for 10% is spent, sealed reactor is heated to 350 DEG C, Stress control starts timing in 10MPa.Reaction 30min
Stop heating afterwards.Reactor is opened after temperature of reaction kettle is down to room temperature, product is transferred in centrifuge tube, centrifugation
Afterwards filtrate with dichloromethane ultrasonic extraction 20 minutes, vibration separated oil-phase product therein, then crosses anhydrous sodium sulfate eliminating water,
Dichloromethane is removed with Rotary Evaporators and oil is obtained, the dichloromethane extractant of evaporation is reclaimed and recycled.Extraction oil phase
The inorganic bromine for existing in the form of an ion that remaining water mutually adopts ion chromatography contained therein after product, according to brominated plastics
Brominated amount in waste primary sample, calculates debrominate rate.Test result indicate that, the bromine discarded in computer cabinet is with bromination
The form of ammonium is transferred to water phase.Debrominate rate is 61%.
Embodiment 7
The waste computer cabinet of brominated 14.8% (w/w%) is cut into into about 3cm × 3cm's first as shown in Figure 1
Shape, will wherein 5 grams add toward reactor containing volume is placed in in 200 milliliters of high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettles, then 75 milliliters it is dense
The ammonia for 50% is spent, sealed reactor is heated to 300 DEG C, Stress control starts timing in 9.82MPa.Reaction
Stop heating after 30min.Reactor is opened after temperature of reaction kettle is down to room temperature, product is transferred in centrifuge tube, from
The heart separate after filtrate with dichloromethane ultrasonic extraction 20 minutes, vibration separates oil-phase product therein, then crosses anhydrous slufuric acid
Sodium eliminating water, removes dichloromethane with Rotary Evaporators and obtains oil, and the dichloromethane extractant of evaporation is reclaimed and recycled.Extraction
After taking oil-phase product, remaining water is mutually using the contained therein inorganic bromine for existing in the form of an ion of ion chromatography, according to containing
Brominated amount in bromine plastic wastes primary sample, calculates debrominate rate.Test result indicate that, the bromine discarded in computer cabinet
Water phase is transferred in the form of ammonium bromide.Debrominate rate is 100%.
Embodiment 8
The waste computer cabinet of brominated 14.8% (w/w%) is cut into into about 3cm × 3cm's first as shown in Figure 1
Shape, will wherein 5 grams add toward reactor containing volume is placed in in 200 milliliters of high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettles, then 25 milliliters it is dense
The ammonia for 25% is spent, sealed reactor is heated to 300 DEG C, Stress control starts timing in 9.82MPa.Reaction
Stop heating after 30min.Reactor is opened after temperature of reaction kettle is down to room temperature, product is transferred in centrifuge tube, from
The heart separate after filtrate with dichloromethane ultrasonic extraction 20 minutes, vibration separates oil-phase product therein, then crosses anhydrous slufuric acid
Sodium eliminating water, removes dichloromethane with Rotary Evaporators and obtains oil, and the dichloromethane extractant of evaporation is reclaimed and recycled.Extraction
After taking oil-phase product, remaining water is mutually using the contained therein inorganic bromine for existing in the form of an ion of ion chromatography, according to containing
Brominated amount in bromine plastic wastes primary sample, calculates debrominate rate.Test result indicate that, the bromine discarded in computer cabinet
Water phase is transferred in the form of ammonium bromide.Debrominate rate is 67%.
Embodiment 9
The waste computer cabinet of brominated 14.8% (w/w%) is cut into into about 3cm × 3cm's first as shown in Figure 1
Shape, will wherein 5 grams add toward reactor containing volume is placed in in 200 milliliters of high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettles, then 150 milliliters it is dense
The ammonia for 25% is spent, sealed reactor is heated to 300 DEG C, Stress control starts timing in 9.82MPa.Reaction
Stop heating after 30min.Reactor is opened after temperature of reaction kettle is down to room temperature, product is transferred in centrifuge tube, from
The heart separate after filtrate with dichloromethane ultrasonic extraction 20 minutes, vibration separates oil-phase product therein, then crosses anhydrous slufuric acid
Sodium eliminating water, removes dichloromethane with Rotary Evaporators and obtains oil, and the dichloromethane extractant of evaporation is reclaimed and recycled.Extraction
After taking oil-phase product, remaining water is mutually using the contained therein inorganic bromine for existing in the form of an ion of ion chromatography, according to containing
Brominated amount in bromine plastic wastes primary sample, calculates debrominate rate.Test result indicate that, the bromine discarded in computer cabinet
Water phase is transferred in the form of ammonium bromide.Debrominate rate is 100%.
Understand that wherein response time, ammonia concn and solid-to-liquid ratio is key parameter from embodiment 1-9, in above-mentioned reaction condition
Under, when the response time is 10min, debrominate rate is 63%, and the response time is that debrominate rate is 83.5% for 15min, when reacted between not
During less than 30 minutes, brominated waste computer cabinet could decompose debrominate completely.When ammonia concn is 10%, debrominate rate is
61%, when ammonia concn is more than 25%, brominated waste computer cabinet could decompose debrominate completely.Solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:5g/
During mL, debrominate rate is 67%, when solid-to-liquid ratio is more than 1:During 15g/mL, brominated waste computer cabinet could decompose debrominate completely.
Embodiment described above is only that the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described, and not the scope of the present invention is entered
Row is limited, and on the premise of without departing from design spirit of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art make to technical scheme
The various modifications for going out and improvement, all should fall in the protection domain of claims of the present invention determination.
Claims (4)
1. the method for the innoxious debrominate of a kind of brominated plastic wastes, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
A. pretreatment of raw material：Brominated plastic wastes are cut into into fine grained chippings；
B. High Temperature High Pressure debromination：Above-mentioned fragment is placed in high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, then concentration is added toward reactor
For the ammonia of 10%-50%, plastic wastes with the solid-to-liquid ratio of ammonia are：1:5g/mL–1:30g/mL, sealed reactor, heating rise
Temperature >=300 DEG C, starts timing, response time >=15min when being forced into pressure >=9.82MPa.
C. post processing：After reaction terminates, make reactor be cooled to room temperature, the product after cooling is filtered, is extracted with dichloromethane
The oil-phase product of gained filtrate, remaining water phase；Then the dichloromethane solution after extraction is crossed into anhydrous sodium sulfate eliminating water, by eliminating water
Dichloromethane solution Rotary Evaporators afterwards remove dichloromethane and obtain oil, and the dichloromethane extractant of evaporation is reclaimed and followed
Ring is used, and inorganic bromine is present in the water phase in the form of an ion.
2. the as claimed in claim 1 method of the innoxious debrominate of brominated plastic wastes, it is characterised in that step b. is high
In warm high pressure debromination, the concentration of ammonia is：25%.
3. the as claimed in claim 1 method of the innoxious debrominate of brominated plastic wastes, it is characterised in that step b. is high
In warm high pressure debromination, plastic wastes with the solid-to-liquid ratio of ammonia are：1:15g/mL.
4. the as claimed in claim 1 method of the innoxious debrominate of brominated plastic wastes, it is characterised in that step b. is high
In warm high pressure debromination, the response time is 30min.
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| CN105177299B (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-03-08 | 中南大学 | A kind of processing method of copper secondary resource melting flue dust |
| CN106831548A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-06-13 | 福建工程学院 | The processing method and its device of a kind of electronic waste epoxy resin |
| CN108500032B (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2021-09-28 | 安徽浩悦环境科技有限责任公司 | Treatment method of bromine-containing waste |
| CN110102558B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2023-11-10 | 江苏艾科维科技股份有限公司 | Separation and recovery method and device for solid waste in production section of chlorine oxime ether |
| CN115197735A (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2022-10-18 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for preparing oil from superheated steam type efficient liquefied plastic garbage |
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| JP2001254083A (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-18 | Nippon Shoene Kankyo Seihin:Kk | Method and apparatus for removing bromine component in decomposition oil of waste plastics |
| JP2003334529A (en) * | 2002-05-21 | 2003-11-25 | Kosaka Seiren Kk | Treatment method for substrate |
| JP2006052285A (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-23 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Debromination method of bromine-containing organic compound |
| CN102557883A (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2012-07-11 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Method for transforming bromine-containing plastic of waste electric equipment into phenol in subcritical fluid |
| CN103846272A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2014-06-11 | 广东工业大学 | Two-step debromination method for waste printed circuit board |
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