CN104717500B - A kind of code rate controlling method for video coding and system - Google Patents

A kind of code rate controlling method for video coding and system Download PDF

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CN104717500B
CN104717500B CN201310676899.4A CN201310676899A CN104717500B CN 104717500 B CN104717500 B CN 104717500B CN 201310676899 A CN201310676899 A CN 201310676899A CN 104717500 B CN104717500 B CN 104717500B
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frame
quantized level
level parameter
bit
macro block
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CN104717500A (en
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罗传飞
赵学军
杨征
蒋力
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China Telecom Corp Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of code rate controlling method for video coding and system.This method includes：According to section time span T and the average bit rate R of code stream, what the corresponding section of calculating obtained can distributing bit T × R；I, B and P frame of coding are calculated respectively, obtain the speed R (Q of frame or macro blocki)；According to speed R (Qi) interframe distortion is calculated, and obtain corresponding quantized level parameter during the interframe distortion minimum of whole video sequence, according to the GOP bits of quantized level parameter determination distribution.The present invention fully demonstrates the dynamic of video pictures content in section time span, improves video encoding quality.

Description

A kind of code rate controlling method for video coding and system
Technical field
The invention belongs to image processing field, more particularly to a kind of code rate controlling method for video coding and system.
Background technology
OTT video systems use HTTP dynamic self-adapting flow host-host protocols at present, realize flow-control mechanism in application layer, pass through MBR (Multiple Bitrate) technology provides the code stream of a variety of different code checks, and carries out section and adapt to different users and net Network situation, client automatically select different code check sections and downloaded, and realize that different quality level video takes over seamlessly, improve user and regard Frequency plays experience.
In order to be adapted to HTTP dynamic self-adapting streaming mechanism, the code stream section time span of different code checks is fixed, same The code stream slice size of individual code check is fixed, because current MBR technology is using the Rate Control side based on CBR (constant code rate) Method, the code stream of its a variety of different code check of coding generation in advance, section time span can not be combined and fully demonstrate the dynamic of video image State property.
The content of the invention
The inventors found that above-mentioned have problem in the prior art, and at least one be therefore directed in described problem Individual problem proposes a kind of new technical scheme.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of code rate controlling method for video coding is proposed, including：
According to section time span T and the average bit rate R of code stream, what the corresponding section of calculating obtained can distributing bit T × R；
I, B and P frame of coding are calculated respectively, obtain the speed R (Q of frame or macro blocki)；
According to speed R (Qi) interframe distortion is calculated, and obtain corresponding amount during the interframe distortion minimum of whole video sequence Change level parameter
The GOP bits of distribution are determined according to quantized level parameter.
Further, in addition to：Carry out quantized level parameter fine tuning.
Further, including：
Quantized level parameterFor：
It is constrained in
Wherein：
M is the number of macro block in a frame；
N is the frame number included in sequence；
I represents the i-th frame or i-th of macro block, i=1,2,3 ... M；
Q is quantized level parameter,Corresponding Q value when being interframe distortion minimum,Represent velocity maximum；
Variate-value when arg min represent to make the object function take minimum value；
Di[R(Qi)] represent distortion；
R(Qi) it is number of coded bits, i.e. speed caused by one frame when quantized level parameter is Q, respectively to I, B, P of coding Frame be calculated the speed R (Q of frame or macro blocki), i.e.,：
R(Qi)=M (MADi×K(Qi)-C) (2)
Wherein：
C is constant；
MAD is the mean residual absolute value of prediction error；
K(Qi) represent the R (Q under fixed MADi) and Q relation.
Further, including：
Wherein：
ΔQSFor adjustment amount；
VBV is buffer occupancy；
χ is first buffering area ratio；
β is second buffering area ratio.
Further, including：
Can distributing bit T × R subtract GOP bits distribution after allocated bit, obtain bit to be allocated, for subsequently point Match somebody with somebody.
According to a further aspect of the invention, it is also proposed that a kind of video frequency coding rate control system, including：
Bit calculation unit, according to section time span T and the average bit rate R of code stream, what the corresponding section of calculating obtained can Distributing bit T × R；
Target bit allocation unit, I, B and P frame of coding are calculated respectively, obtain the speed R of frame or macro block (Qi)；
Quantized level parameter calculation unit, according to speed R (Qi) interframe distortion is calculated, and obtain the interframe of whole video sequence Corresponding quantized level parameter during distortion minimum
Bit Distribution Unit, the GOP bits of distribution are determined according to quantized level parameter.
Further, in addition to：
Parameter adjustment unit, fine tuning is carried out to quantized level parameter Q.
Further, including：
Quantized level parameterFor：
It is constrained in
Wherein：
M is the number of macro block in a frame；
N is the frame number included in sequence；
I represents the i-th frame or i-th of macro block, i=1,2,3 ... M；
Q is quantized level parameter,Corresponding Q value when being interframe distortion minimum,Represent velocity maximum；
Variate-value when arg min represent to make the object function take minimum value；
Di[R(Qi)] represent distortion；
R(Qi) it is number of coded bits, i.e. speed caused by one frame when quantized level parameter is Q, respectively to I, B, P of coding Frame be calculated the speed R (Q of frame or macro blocki), i.e.,：
R(Qi)=M (MADi×K(Qi)-C) (2)
Wherein：
C is constant；
MAD is the mean residual absolute value of prediction error；
K(Qi) represent the R (Q under fixed MADi) and Q relation.
Further, including：
Wherein：
ΔQSFor adjustment amount；
VBV is buffer occupancy；
χ is first buffering area ratio；
β is second buffering area ratio.
Further, including：
Can distributing bit T × R subtract GOP bits distribution after allocated bit, obtain bit to be allocated, for subsequently point Match somebody with somebody.
Based on above-mentioned technical proposal, the time span of each code stream coded slice is identical in MBR, is so ensured that Video segment is the alignment of I frames, and the size of each code stream coded slice is fixed, but in section time span ISN Stream is variable bit rate, can thus fully demonstrate the dynamic of video pictures content in section time span, improves video and compiles Code quality.The present invention can apply VBR (variable bit rate) code check control while HTTP dynamic self-adapting streaming mechanism is retained Method processed, fully demonstrate the dynamic of video image.Therefore, image sharpness of the invention and continuity are preferable.
By referring to the drawings to the present invention exemplary embodiment detailed description, further feature of the invention and its Advantage will be made apparent from.
Brief description of the drawings
The accompanying drawing of a part for constitution instruction describes embodiments of the invention, and is used to solve together with the description Release the principle of the present invention.
Referring to the drawings, according to following detailed description, the present invention can be more clearly understood, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of code rate controlling method for video coding embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of another code rate controlling method for video coding embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of video frequency coding rate control system embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of another video frequency coding rate control system embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of another video frequency coding rate control system embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail now with reference to accompanying drawing.It should be noted that：Unless have in addition Body illustrates that the unlimited system of part and the positioned opposite of step, numerical expression and the numerical value otherwise illustrated in these embodiments is originally The scope of invention.
Simultaneously, it should be appreciated that for the ease of description, the size of the various pieces shown in accompanying drawing is not according to reality Proportionate relationship draw.
The description only actually at least one exemplary embodiment is illustrative to be never used as to the present invention below And its application or any restrictions that use.
It may be not discussed in detail for technology, method and apparatus known to person of ordinary skill in the relevant, but suitable In the case of, the technology, method and apparatus should be considered as authorizing part for specification.
In shown here and discussion all examples, any occurrence should be construed as merely exemplary, without It is as limitation.Therefore, the other examples of exemplary embodiment can have different values.
It should be noted that：Similar label and letter represents similar terms in following accompanying drawing, therefore, once a certain Xiang Yi It is defined, then it need not be further discussed in subsequent accompanying drawing in individual accompanying drawing.
For the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference Accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
Relatively conventional CBR rate control techniques, bit rate control method combination code stream of the invention section time span, Duration of cutting into slices is interior by VBR (variable bit rate) rate control techniques, fully demonstrates video pictures content in section time span Dynamic, to improve the video encoding quality of each different code check code stream, also, fixed slice size is kept, generation The code stream of a variety of different code checks in the stream transmission of HTTP dynamic self-adaptings required for MBR.
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of code rate controlling method for video coding embodiment of the present invention.This method comprises the following steps：
In step 11, according to section time span T and the average bit rate R of code stream, distributing for corresponding section acquisition is calculated Bit T × R.
Wherein, according to can distributing bit establish virtual buffer section model, the buffer memory capacity of the virtual buffer section model for T × R, the initial occupancy of virtual buffer section model can be set.For example, initial occupancy is set as 0.8.
In step 12, I, B and P frame of coding are calculated respectively, obtain the speed R (Q of frame or macro blocki)。
In step 13, according to speed R (Qi) interframe distortion is calculated, and when obtaining the interframe distortion minimum of whole video sequence Corresponding quantized level parameter
In step 14, the GOP bits for determining to distribute according to quantized level parameter.
Suitable quantized level parameter is selected under conditions of constrained code rateTo minimize inter-frame video quality variation.I.e.：
It is constrained in
Wherein：
M is the number of macro block in a frame；
N is the frame number included in sequence；
I represents the i-th frame or i-th of macro block, i=1,2,3 ... M；
Q is quantized level parameter,Corresponding Q value when being interframe distortion minimum,Represent velocity maximum,WithRespectively by the complexity of frame of video and constraining for virtual buffering region.Frame of video is more complicated, then R (Qi) and QiIt is bigger；
Variate-value when arg min represent to make the object function take minimum value；
Di[R(Qi)] represent distortion；
R(Qi) it is number of coded bits, i.e. speed caused by one frame when quantized level parameter is Q, respectively to I, B, P of coding Frame be calculated the speed R (Q of frame or macro blocki), i.e.,：
R(Qi)=M (MADi×K(Qi)-C) (2)
Wherein：
C is constant；
MAD is the mean residual absolute value of prediction error.The primitive frame encoded is rebuild after quantifying, and obtains weight Frame is built, the wherein difference between primitive frame and reconstruction frames is prediction error；
K(Qi) represent the R (Q under fixed MADi) and Q relation, wherein, R (Qi) and Q relation, i.e. R-Q models can be with Have a variety of.For example, linear relationship, exponential relationship etc..For different in the case of, as long as by R (Qi) and Q relation bring formula into .It will be understood by those skilled in the art that merely just illustrate R (Qi) and Q relation, should not be construed as to this The limitation of invention.
In order to obtain the quantized level parameter of minimumNeed speed R (Qi) iterate into calculating quantized level parameter Formula in, i.e. formula (2) is iterated in formula (1).The specific algorithm of iterative operation can use the iteration of prior art Algorithm, for example, Newton's algorithm.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that iterative algorithm mentioned here is only intended to illustrate Illustrate, should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Based on above-mentioned technical proposal, the time span of each code stream coded slice is identical in MBR, is so ensured that Video segment is the alignment of I frames, and the size of each code stream coded slice is fixed, but in section time span ISN Stream is variable bit rate, can thus fully demonstrate the dynamic of video pictures content in section time span, improves video and compiles Code quality.The present invention can apply VBR (variable bit rate) code check control while HTTP dynamic self-adapting streaming mechanism is retained Method processed, fully demonstrate the dynamic of video image.Therefore, image sharpness of the invention and continuity are preferable.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of another code rate controlling method for video coding embodiment of the present invention.After step 13, also Comprise the following steps：
In step 13a, fine tuning is carried out to quantized level parameter Q.
Too increase carry out quantized level with the quantized level of complex scene in order to avoid the quantized level of simple scenario too reduces Parameter fine tuning, then：
Wherein：
ΔQSFor adjustment amount；
VBV is buffer occupancy；
χ is first buffering area ratio；
β is second buffering area ratio.
Calculated quantized level parameter before being, for further fine tuning quantized level parameter Qi, completely it is full of according to buffering area Degree carries out Δ Q respectivelySAdjustment.For example, buffering area occupation proportion is more than χ (χ may be configured as 0.8), then appropriate increase quantifies Level parameter is appropriate to reduce quantized level parameter if buffering area occupation proportion is less than β (β may be configured as 0.2).ΔQSCan basis Actual conditions are configured.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of video frequency coding rate control system embodiment of the present invention.The present invention combines code stream and cut into slices Processing, increase the VBR rate control mechanisms based on section time span, i.e. according to the different adjustment code checks of section time span The quantized level parameter of control
The system includes：Bit calculation unit, target bit allocation unit quantized level parameter calculation unit and bit point With unit,.Wherein：
Bit calculation unit, according to section time span T and the average bit rate R of code stream, what the corresponding section of calculating obtained can Distributing bit T × R.
Wherein, according to can distributing bit establish virtual buffer section model, the buffer memory capacity of the virtual buffer section model for T × R, the initial occupancy of virtual buffer section model can be set.For example, initial occupancy is set as 0.8.
Target bit allocation unit, I, B and P frame of coding are calculated respectively, obtain the speed R of frame or macro block (Qi)。
Quantized level parameter calculation unit, according to speed R (Qi) interframe distortion is calculated, and obtain the interframe of whole video sequence Corresponding quantized level parameter during distortion minimum
Bit Distribution Unit, the GOP bits of distribution are determined according to quantized level parameter.
Wherein, suitable quantized level parameter is selected under conditions of constrained code rateTrembled with minimizing inter-frame video quality It is dynamic.I.e.：
It is constrained in
Wherein：
M is the number of macro block in a frame；
N is the frame number included in sequence；
I represents the i-th frame or i-th of macro block, i=1,2,3 ... M；
Q is quantized level parameter,Corresponding Q value when being interframe distortion minimum,Represent velocity maximum,WithRespectively by the complexity of frame of video and constraining for virtual buffering region.Frame of video is more complicated, then R (Qi) and QiIt is bigger；
Variate-value when arg min represent to make the object function take minimum value；
Di[R(Qi)] represent distortion；
R(Qi) it is number of coded bits, i.e. speed caused by one frame when quantized level parameter is Q, respectively to I, B, P of coding Frame be calculated the speed R (Q of frame or macro blocki), i.e.,：
R(Qi)=M (MADi×K(Qi)-C) (2)
Wherein：
C is constant；
MAD is the mean residual absolute value of prediction error.The primitive frame encoded is rebuild after quantifying, and obtains weight Frame is built, the wherein difference between primitive frame and reconstruction frames is prediction error；
K(Qi) represent the R (Q under fixed MADi) and Q relation, wherein, R (Qi) and Q relation, i.e. R-Q models can be with Have a variety of.For example, linear relationship, exponential relationship etc..For different in the case of, as long as by R (Qi) and Q relation bring formula into .It will be understood by those skilled in the art that merely just illustrate R (Qi) and Q relation, should not be construed as to this The limitation of invention.
In order to obtain the quantized level parameter of minimumNeed speed R (Qi) iterate into calculating quantized level parameter Formula in, i.e. formula (2) is iterated in formula (1).The specific algorithm of iterative operation can use the iteration of prior art Algorithm, for example, Newton's algorithm.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that iterative algorithm mentioned here is only intended to illustrate Illustrate, should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of another video frequency coding rate control system embodiment of the present invention.The system also includes ginseng Number adjustment unit, fine tuning is carried out to quantized level parameter Q.
Quantization ginseng is carried out in order to avoid the quantized level of simple scenario too reduces too to increase with the quantized level of complex scene Number fine tuning, then：
Wherein：
ΔQSFor adjustment amount；
VBV is buffer occupancy；
χ is first buffering area ratio；
β is second buffering area ratio.
Calculated quantized level parameter before being, for further fine tuning quantized level parameter Qi, completely it is full of according to buffering area Degree carries out Δ Q respectivelySAdjustment.For example, buffering area occupation proportion is more than χ (χ may be configured as 0.8), then appropriate increase quantifies Level parameter is appropriate to reduce quantized level parameter if buffering area occupation proportion is less than β (β may be configured as 0.2).ΔQSCan basis Actual conditions are configured.
The present invention is applied to HTTP dynamic self-adaptings and transmitted as a stream, and VBR codes are used by combining code stream section time span Rate controls, and coding generation MBR multi code Rate of Chinese character code streams, to improve the video encoding quality of each multi code Rate of Chinese character code stream, keeps simultaneously The mechanism of HTTP dynamic self-adaptings stream transmission.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of another video frequency coding rate control system embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in figure 5, after food slicer performs section, the VBR code checks based on section time span of the present invention are carried out Control, is then then forwarded to encoder and is encoded.In the prior art, there is no feedback of the information between encoder and food slicer, because This, can not enter Mobile state adjustment, video encoding quality is relatively low, and the dynamic of video image is poor.
So far, the present invention is described in detail.In order to avoid the design of the masking present invention, it is public that this area institute is not described Some details known.Those skilled in the art as described above, can be appreciated how to implement technology disclosed herein completely Scheme.
The method and device of the present invention may be achieved in many ways.For example, can by software, hardware, firmware or Person's software, hardware, firmware any combinations come realize the present invention method and device.The step of for methods described it is above-mentioned Order is not limited to order described in detail above merely to illustrate, the step of method of the invention, unless with other sides Formula illustrates.In addition, in certain embodiments, the present invention can be also embodied as recording program in the recording medium, these Program includes being used for the machine readable instructions for realizing the method according to the invention.Thus, the present invention also covering storage is used to perform The recording medium of the program of the method according to the invention.
Although some specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail by example, the skill of this area Art personnel it should be understood that above example merely to illustrating, the scope being not intended to be limiting of the invention.The skill of this area Art personnel to above example it should be understood that can modify without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.This hair Bright scope is defined by the following claims.

Claims (6)

  1. A kind of 1. code rate controlling method for video coding, it is characterised in that including：
    According to section time span T and the average bit rate R of code stream, what the corresponding section of calculating obtained can distributing bit T × R；
    I, B and P frame of coding are calculated respectively, obtain the speed R (Q of frame or macro blocki)；Wherein, R (Qi) it is in quantized level Number of coded bits, i.e. speed caused by one frame when parameter is Q；I represents the i-th frame or i-th of macro block, i=1,2,3 ... M；Q is Quantized level parameter；QiIt is the quantized level parameter of the i-th frame or i-th of macro block；
    According to speed R (Qi) interframe distortion is calculated, and obtain corresponding quantized level ginseng during the interframe distortion minimum of whole video sequence NumberWherein,Corresponding Q value when being interframe distortion minimum；
    Quantized level parameter fine tuning is carried out, then：
    Wherein：ΔQSFor adjustment amount；VBV is buffer occupancy；χ is first buffering area ratio；β is second buffering area ratio；
    The GOP bits of distribution are determined according to quantized level parameter.
  2. 2. code rate controlling method for video coding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that including：
    Quantized level parameterFor：
    It is constrained in
    Wherein：
    M is the number of macro block in a frame；
    N is the frame number included in sequence；
    Represent velocity maximum；
    Variate-value when arg min represent to make the object function take minimum value；
    Di[R(Qi)] represent distortion；
    Be calculated the speed R (Q of frame or macro block to I, B, P frame of coding respectivelyi), i.e.,：
    R(Qi)=M (MADi×K(Qi)-C) (2)
    Wherein：
    C is constant；
    MAD is the mean residual absolute value of prediction error；
    K(Qi) represent the R (Q under fixed MADi) and Q relation.
  3. 3. code rate controlling method for video coding according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that including：
    Can distributing bit T × R subtract GOP bits distribution after allocated bit, bit to be allocated is obtained, for subsequent allocations.
  4. A kind of 4. video frequency coding rate control system, it is characterised in that including：
    Bit calculation unit, according to section time span T and the average bit rate R of code stream, calculate distributing for corresponding section acquisition Bit T × R；
    Target bit allocation unit, I, B and P frame of coding are calculated respectively, obtain the speed R (Q of frame or macro blocki)；Its In, R (Qi) it is number of coded bits, i.e. speed caused by one frame when quantized level parameter is Q；I represents the i-th frame or i-th of macro block, I=1,2,3 ... M；Q is quantized level parameter；QiIt is the quantized level parameter of the i-th frame or i-th of macro block；
    Quantized level parameter calculation unit, according to speed R (Qi) interframe distortion is calculated, and obtain the interframe distortion of whole video sequence Corresponding quantized level parameter when minimumWherein,Corresponding Q value when being interframe distortion minimum；
    Parameter adjustment unit, fine tuning is carried out to quantized level parameter Q, then：
    Wherein：ΔQSFor adjustment amount；VBV is buffer occupancy；χ is first buffering area ratio；β is second buffering area ratio；
    Bit Distribution Unit, the GOP bits of distribution are determined according to quantized level parameter.
  5. 5. video frequency coding rate control system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that including：
    Quantized level parameterFor：
    It is constrained in
    Wherein：
    M is the number of macro block in a frame；
    N is the frame number included in sequence；
    Represent velocity maximum；
    Variate-value when arg min represent to make the object function take minimum value；
    Di[R(Qi)] represent distortion；
    Be calculated the speed R (Q of frame or macro block to I, B, P frame of coding respectivelyi), i.e.,：
    R(Qi)=M (MADi×K(Qi)-C) (2)
    Wherein：
    C is constant；
    MAD is the mean residual absolute value of prediction error；
    K(Qi) represent the R (Q under fixed MADi) and Q relation.
  6. 6. according to the video frequency coding rate control system of claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that including：
    Can distributing bit T × R subtract GOP bits distribution after allocated bit, bit to be allocated is obtained, for subsequent allocations.
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