CN104715787A - Novel passive matrix addressing data storage device with power-off protection - Google Patents
Novel passive matrix addressing data storage device with power-off protection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel passive matrix addressing data storage device with power-off protection. The data storage device adopts a chip type embedded manner, is a complete dedicated computer, provided with a complete input-output interface and completes a dedicated function. For example, a video-stream processor, a micro-wave oven controller and the like are chips specially designed in general; with development of the micro electronic technology, chip type embedded application is wider and wider; an embedded system is designed according to the definition of the Institution of Electrical Engineers and is a device used for controlling, monitoring or assisting operations of equipment, a machine or even a factory; the embedded system is a synthesis of computer software and hardware and specially emphasizes the customization principle, that is, when a certain special purpose is given, a distinct system can be developed for the special purpose.
Description
The new-type data storage device with the passive matrix addressing of power-off protection of the present invention belongs to information data storing field.
The data storage device that the present invention is new-type has a passive matrix addressing of power-off protection is in the method for reducing the harmful phenomenon relevant to adopting the interference voltage of the data storage device of passive matrix addressing particularly in memory devices or sensor device, and the applying meeting the current potential of addressing operation controls according to voltage pulse protocol in the mode of time coordination usually.In addressing operation, data storage cell is set to the first polarized state by the first activation voltage pulse, then according to voltage pulse protocol, second potential pulse is applied in, it can be the opposite polarity second activation voltage pulse of polarity and the first potential pulse, and for data storage cell is switched to the second polarized state.Thus selected cell is set to the predetermined polarized state of being specified by addressing operation.The data storage cell of this device is arranged in sections that two or more electricity separate, make for device each section comprise physical address space separately.In addressing operation, the data section of being directed into, this section be according to about in section formerly and/or the information of applying activation voltage pulse of planning select.
This data storage device adopts passive matrix addressing, particularly memory devices or sensor device, wherein this data storage device comprises multiple data storage cell, for storing the logical value as the certain electric charge values by setting in each cell provides, wherein each data storage cell comprises the electric polarizable memory material presenting magnetic hysteresis, particularly ferroelectric or electret, wherein these unit are physically arranged in one or more matrix, each in wherein said matrix provides passive matrix-addressable to these unit, wherein each matrix comprises the first and second electrode groups, wherein the electrode runs parallel of each group is arranged, one group of electrode forms wordline and another group formation bit line, wherein word line electrode and bit line electrode cross one another and arrange and directly or indirectly contact with storage medium, wherein the data storage cell of this device is implemented the class capacitor element as limiting between wordline and the intersection of bit line or in the bulk storage medium of infall, and pass through between wordline and bit line and be limited on data storage cell therebetween, apply the activation voltage pulse of the voltage Vs of the coercive voltage Vc of the coercive electric field be greater than corresponding to storage medium, any one at least two kinds of polarized states can be set to or be switched betwixt, wherein the applying of current potential meets addressing operation, and the current potential being wherein applied to all words and bit line in addressing operation controls according to predetermined voltage pulse protocol in the mode of time coordination, it is characterized in that, by the first activation voltage pulse in addressing operation, addressed data storage cell is set to the first polarized state, therebetween at least under a part of duration of the first activation voltage pulse, the each bit line depending on voltage pulse protocol can be connected with the sensing apparatus of the polarized state for detecting data storage cell, depend on voltage pulse protocol and apply the second potential pulse, it can be the opposite polarity second activation voltage pulse with the first activation voltage pulse, and addressed data storage cell is switched to the second polarized state from the first polarized state, this addressed unit is made to be set to the predetermined polarized state of being specified by addressing operation, the data storage cell of data storage device adopting passive matrix addressing is provided, each section of physical address space separated comprising data storage device in sections that two or more electricity are separated, and by the data section of being directed in addressing operation, this section be according to about in section formerly and/or the information of applying activation voltage pulse of planning select.
The new-type data storage device storer with the passive matrix addressing of power-off protection of the present invention comprises column decoder and circuit.Circuit structure is for receiving column address gating signal, row useful signal and column address signal.Circuit structure is: if column address gating signal and row useful signal are in the first logic level, then transmit column address signal to column decoder, and if column address gating signal and row useful signal one of them be in the second logic level being different from the first logic level, then latch column address signal and transmit the column address signal that latches to column decoder.
The data storage device that the present invention is new-type has a passive matrix addressing of power-off protection is in the method for reducing the harmful phenomenon relevant to adopting the interference voltage of the data storage device of passive matrix addressing particularly in memory devices or sensor device, and the applying meeting the current potential of addressing operation controls according to voltage pulse protocol in the mode of time coordination usually.In addressing operation, data storage cell is set to the first polarized state by the first activation voltage pulse, then according to voltage pulse protocol, second potential pulse is applied in, it can be the opposite polarity second activation voltage pulse of polarity and the first potential pulse, and for data storage cell is switched to the second polarized state.Thus selected cell is set to the predetermined polarized state of being specified by addressing operation.The data storage cell of this device is arranged in sections that two or more electricity separate, make for device each section comprise physical address space separately.In addressing operation, the data section of being directed into, this section be according to about in section formerly and/or the information of applying activation voltage pulse of planning select.
Comprise: the new-type data storage device with the passive matrix addressing of power-off protection of the present invention is configured to: receive column address gating signal, row useful signal and column address signal; If described column address gating signal and described row useful signal are in the first logic level, then transmit described column address signal to column decoder; If be in described column address gating signal and described row useful signal the second logic level being different from the first logic level, then latch described column address signal and also transmit the column address signal of latch to column decoder.
UDP based on Linux transmits
Bottom layer realization need not be considered, because operating system assume responsibility for most thing when adopting UDP to transmit data under Linux environment
Feelings, use Berkeley socket to achieve the goal very easily.Socket has three types: stream socket (SOCK_STREAM),
Datagram Socket (SOCK_DGRAM) and raw socket.Connection-oriented stream socket uses TCP, towards connectionless
Datagram Socket uses UDP.
If use connectionless Datagram Socket to programme, the flow process of program can represent by section 4.5.
Section 4.5 based on the UDP transfer process chapter 4 of Linux based on the Software for Design of Linux
33
First program uses socket () function to generate a socket, then uses bind () function socket to be tied to designated port (this step
Sometimes be omissible, such as need system Stochastic choice transmit port).Main transmission and transferring content are by sendto () function and recvfrom ()
Function completes, and recvfrom () is choke function, and program can not down perform before receiving effective content.Last communication completes, and closes cover
Connect word.
4.5 brief introduction of TFTP agreement and Problems existing
TFTP (TFTP) is for not needing the application program of complex interaction between client and server and designing.TFTP
Be only limitted to simple files transmission operation, do not provide access authorization.Because TFTP limitation is comparatively large, TFTP software is more much smaller than FTP.
TFTP does not need reliable data stream delivery service, and it operates in UDP or other people are with on unreliable block transmission system, uses time-out
Ensure that data block arrives with re-transmission.Transmitting terminal adopts the Bulk transport file of fixed size (512 byte), and waits for before next block of transmission
To the confirmation of each piece.Receiving end is all confirmed after often receiving a block.
The rule of TFTP is very simple.First the grouping demand file transmission sent, and it is mutual to set up between client and server, grouping
Specify filename, and transmission direction (read/write) is wanted in appointment.Blocks of files is serial number from 1.Each packet comprises one
Stem, indicates the number of transmission block, and each confirmation comprises the block number be identified.Be less than the block mark end-of-file of 512 bytes.Passable
The position of data or confirmation sends error message, and suspending file transmits by mistake.
Once have issued the request of reading or writing, server uses IP address and the udp protocol port numbers identification subsequent operation of client.Therefore data
Message and ack message do not need specified document name.
Due to symmetry, it is unusual that TFTP retransmits.Communicating pair realizes time-out and re-transmission separately.If transmitting terminal is overtime, it will retransmit
The data block of losing.If be responsible for one end time-out confirmed, it is by the confirmation of retransmission of lost, allows two ends all participate in re-transmission and will contribute to ensureing
When losing single grouping, transmission can not be failed.
Under linux, TFTP transfer files is used to be to adopt software tftp based on order line or other similar stand alone softwares.Adopt
Although this method ensure that the problems such as the reliability transmitted based on UDP, cannot be incorporated in the program of oneself writing and go.No matter be
Application program in host computer PC or embedded system is write, and adopts the idea of TFTP transmission not have feasibility, but in fact
Existing thinking and principle but can be used for reference, and the application program namely allowing oneself write realizes and file transfer or data like TFTP protocol class
Transmission
Transmission Control Protocol brief introduction
IP agreement provides unreliable, nothing connects and the service of best-effort delivery, constitutes the basis of Internet data transfer.TCP(transmits control
Agreement processed) on the service infrastructure that provides in IP agreement, Transmission Control Protocol software adds some mechanism, provides connection-oriented reliable stream to throw
Pass service.Specifically comprise following characteristic:
Towards stream.The data visualization transmitted between application program is structureless byte stream (or bit stream), and stream delivery service ensures transmitting-receiving
Byte order completely the same.
SCCP connection-oriented.Before data transmission, need between tcp module connect (similar virtual circuit), TCP message thereafter
Connect on basis at this and transmit.
Reliability.Take over party, according to the School Affairs in received message, judges the correctness of transmission: if correct, reply,
Otherwise dropping packets.If transmit leg fails to obtain response message in official hour, automatically retransmit.
Buffering transmission.Tcp module provides mandatory transmission (transmitting immediately) and buffering transmission two kinds of means.Buffering transmission allows will
The data stream of application program runs up to certain size, forms message, then transmits.
Full duplex.The data stream can carrying out full duplex between tcp module exchanges.
The development pole the earth of modern science and technology has promoted intersection and the infiltration of different subject, causes technological transformation and the revolution of engineering field.At mechanical engineering field, due to the electromechanical integration developing rapidly and formed to the infiltration of mechanical industry of microelectric technique and computer technology, make the technical pattern of mechanical industry, product construction, function and formation, the mode of production and management system there occurs great variety, make commercial production march toward by " mechanical electric gasification " developing stage that " electromechanical integration " is feature.Its development and progress depends on the progress and development of correlation technique, and there are digitizing, intellectuality, modularization, networking, hommization, microminiaturization, integrated, band source and greenization in its main development direction.
Electromechanical integration is from the view point of system, the group technologys such as integrated use mechanical technique, microelectric technique, automatic control technology, computer technology, infotech, sensing observation and control technology, Power Electronic Technique, interfacing, information conversion technology and software programming technique, according to systemic-function target and optimizing tissue target, reasonable disposition and each functional unit of layout, the meaning of multi-functional, high-quality, high reliability, low energy consumption realizes specific function be worth, and make the optimized system engineering technology of whole system.In today of knowledge big bang, science and technology is maked rapid progress, and new material, new equipment, new technology and new technology continue to bring out, and have promoted development and the revolution in mechanical industry field greatly.Due to the develop rapidly of microelectric technique and computer technology, and it is to continuous, the infiltration in mechanical industry field, and electromechanical integration technology is arisen at the historic moment.
" this word is that a day intrinsic safety river Motor Corporation creates at first when the end of the sixties in last century does business registration to electromechanical integration.At that time and the seventies, people regarded electromechanical integration as the combination of machinery and electronics always.Domestic early stage by " electromechanical integration technology " and " mechatronics " and use, in recent years " electromechanical integration " more popular use.
The core technology of electromechanical integration
Although can using electromechanical integration technology as an independently subject, it relates to and contains other multi-door subjects.Can say, the development of electromechanical integration technology be based upon Other subjects development basis on, be fusion and the optimization of other correlation techniques.Introduce and closely-related several the core technologies of electromechanical integration technology below.
(1) mechanical technique
Mechanical technique is the basis of electromechanical integration technology.Mechanical technique is while development upgrades, also to adapt with computer technology and electronic technology and combine, thus play the advantage of mechanical technique to greatest extent, realize the optimization in structure, on material, in performance, meet and reduce weight, reduced volume, raising precision, requirement such as raising rigidity and improving SNR etc.Why the application electromechanical integration technology of electromechanical integration technology can obtain so swift and violent development, because it has wide application space from numerically-controlled machine to a great extent, to computer integrated manufacturing system, arrive AC Drive Technology again, electromechanical integration all plays vital effect.
(2) numerically-controlled machine
The importance that the new-type data storage device with the passive matrix addressing of power-off protection of the present invention is applied as electromechanical integration technology, numerically-controlled machine and corresponding Numeric Control Technology have achieved the achievement attracted people's attention.Flourish through more than 40 years, numerically-controlled machine and corresponding Numeric Control Technology have rapid raising in structure, function, operation and control accuracy.Current numerically-controlled machine adopts the architecture of multi-CPU multi-master bus, and with better function, structure is compacter.And present numerically-controlled machine designs opening more, more intelligent, the demand of user can be met to greatest extent, improve the utilization benefit of user.And present digital control system can realize the functions such as dynamic simulation, inline diagnosis, fuzzy control, has greatly enriched the function of digital control system, also greatly improve the control ability of system simultaneously.In addition, many processes, multi-way contral and network function etc., numerically-controlled machine is met people improve day by day to complication system and curved surface processing request.
(3) flexible manufacturing system (FMS)
The new-type data storage device flexible manufacturing system with the passive matrix addressing of power-off protection of the present invention is computerized manufacturing system, primarily of compositions such as computing machine, numerically-controlled machine, robot charging tray, automatic transporting dolly and Automatic Warehouses.The great advantage of FMS is exactly can according to production requirement, random, in real time, any workpiece produced by specified quantity in its limit of power, be therefore specially adapted to the batch production of multi items, small batch, change in design discrete parts frequently.
The development of electromechanical integration
The new-type data storage device electromechanical integration with the passive matrix addressing of power-off protection of the present invention is the multi-disciplinary mixing together such as machinery, microelectronics, control, computing machine, information processing; its development and progress depends on the progress and development of correlation technique, and there are digitizing, intellectuality, modularization, networking, hommization, microminiaturization, integrated, band source and greenization in its main development direction.
(1) digitizing
The digitized basis of electronic product has been established in microcontroller and development thereof, as numerically-controlled machine and the robot of development; And the rapid emergence of computer network, for digitized design platform has paved road, digitizing has required that the software of electromechanical integrated product has high reliability, ease for operation, maintainability, self diagnostic capability and friendly man-machine interface.Digitized realization will be convenient to operated from a distance, diagnosis and reparation.
(2) intelligent
Require electronic product to have the logic consideration of similar people, judging and deducing, the ability such as to make decisions on one's own.Such as on CNC numerically-controlled machine, increase good in interactive function, intelligent I/O interface and Intelligent art database are set, great convenience can be brought to use, operation and maintenance.Along with the progress and development of the artificial intelligence technologys such as fuzzy control, neural network, gray theory, wavelet theory, chaos and fork, for electromechanical integration technology development opens the wide world.Based Intelligent Control uses maximum control modes in modern electro-mechanical system, and it relies on the control advantage of " high-performance, high-level efficiency, high level " to replace traditional control method gradually.
(3) modularization
The data storage device that the present invention is new-type has a passive matrix addressing of power-off protection due to electromechanical integrated product kind and manufacturer various, Study and Development have SMIF, power interface, environmental interface electromechanical integrated product unit module be a complexity and promising work.As development has, collection slows down, the Motorized drive unit of frequency control motor one; There is the motor integral control module etc. of the functions such as vision, the process of section picture, identification and range finding.Like this, when product development and design, these standard modular unit can be utilized to develop rapidly the product made new advances.
(4) networking
The terminal device inherently electromechanical integrated product of Long-distance Control, fieldbus and local area network technology make network of home appliances change into as possibility, utilize home network that various household electrical appliance are connected into the Automated library system home appliance system centered by computing machine, the benefit making people can enjoy various hi-tech at home to the full to bring, therefore, electromechanical integrated product undoubtedly should towards networking future development.
(5) hommization
The final utilization of electromechanical integrated product is to liking people, how to seem more and more important to the intelligence of electromechanical integrated product imparting people, emotion and human nature, electromechanical integrated product is except perfect performance, also require in accordance with natural environment in color, moulding etc., use these products, concerning people or a kind of artistic treat, the tidemark as domestic robot is exactly man-machine integration.
(6) microminiaturized
Microminiaturization is the certainty of fine processing technique development, is also the needs of raising the efficiency.MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (Micro Electronic Mechanical Systems, be called for short MEMS) referring to can batch making, collection micro mechanism, microsensor, micro actuator and signal transacting and control circuit, until interface, communication and power supply etc. are in microdevice integrally or system.
(7) integrated
Integratedly both comprise the interpenetrating of various technology, mutually to have merged and the optimization of various product different structure and compound, comprise again the working procedures such as processing, assembling, detection, management simultaneously in process of production.First can be some levels by system decomposition, systemic-function is disperseed, and make each several part coordinate and operate safely, and then organically be connected at all levels by soft and hardware, make its best performance, function the strongest.
(8) source is with
Refer to that electromechanical integrated product self is with the energy, as solar cell, fuel cell and high capacity cell.Owing to cannot use electric energy in many occasions, thus for the electromechanical integrated product of motion, self-powered source has unique benefit.With one of developing direction that source is electromechanical integrated product.
(9) greenization
Green product refer to low energy consumption, low material consumption, low stain, comfortable, coordinate and the product of reproducible utilization.Should meet the requirement of environmental protection and human health when it designs, manufactures, uses and destroys, the greenization of electromechanical integrated product mainly to refer to when it uses not pollution of ecological environment, at the end of life of product, and product decomposable asymmetric choice net and regeneration.
The new-type great advantages of data storage device due to electromechanical integration technology with the passive matrix addressing of power-off protection of the present invention, nowadays the application of this technology in productive life is all being widelyd popularize in countries in the world.It not only affects the science and technology of world community, economy, society and military development, and becomes embodiment and the symbol of a national overall national strength gradually.After the 90's of 20th century, each Main Developed Countries has pushed it against the new stage of intelligent direction development.China's electromechanical integration technology is started late, the relevant shortage of professionals, and traditional industry system falls behind, so China's electromechanical integration technology present situation compares certain gap in addition with developed countries.Be mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(1) start late, development time is shorter, so technology itself is ripe not enough.
(2) traditional industry system is huge, and transformation task amount is large, and because the restriction major part enterprise of the condition such as economy, technology and the electromechanical integration transformation task of unit cannot complete, the transformation task amount completed also does not arrive the half of requirement.
(3) legacy equipment is many, and the task that machine tool, industrial furnace, blower fan electric pump etc. utilize electronic information technology to carry out transforming is heavy.
(4) industrial system CAD application.At present, the industrial design CAD utility ratio of U.S., Deng state is more than 85%, and China industrial system CAD utility ratio compares gap with World Developed Countries comparatively large, and the coverage rate of CAD application is also not as good as developed country.
The countermeasure of China's development " electromechanical integration "
(1) overall arrangement is strengthened, coordinated development plan
At present, China be engaged in " electromechanical integration " research and development and produce unit a lot.There is separately oneself development strategy a set of.The plan of constituent parts is due to the restriction by respective foothold, the starting point, only consider local interest unavoidably, the relevant plan of each competent authorities and planning, also have unified consideration not enough, the problem that overall arrangement is inadequate, lacks the development plan had authoritative weight and strategic planning of making a comprehensive survey of the general situation simultaneously.
In present day by day informationalized society, cyber-net overall permeation to each corner of daily life.For we everyone, needs be no longer only that putting processes document on the table, carry out the computing machine of work management and production control; Various novel embedded system equipment in number of applications considerably beyond multi-purpose computer, any one ordinary people may have the electronic product of various use embedded technologys from big to small, little of mp3, the Miniature digital products such as PDA, large to network home appliance, intelligent appliance, vehicle electronic device.And in industry and service field, using the digital machine of embedded technology, intelligent tool, industrial robot, service robot also will change traditional industry and method of service gradually.
2 embedded system brief introductions
2.1 embedded definition
What is meant by the translation that embedded system is done according to the definition of electrical engineer association of Britain, " embedded system be control, monitor or utility appliance, machine or even factory operation device ".It has possessed the characteristic of following four:
1. usually perform specific function.
2. formed core with micro computer with peripheral.
3. strict sequential and stability requirement.
4. full automatic working circulation.
Embedded system is the synthesis of computer software and hardware, can also contain machinery and other auxiliary equipment.The object of whole synthesis design is to meet certain specific function.The framework of embedded system can be divided into five parts: processor, internal memory, constrained input, operating system and application software.They are common in all kinds of experimental apparatus, office equipment, facilities for transport and communication, telecommunication apparatus, manufacturing equipment, Architectural Equipment, Medical Devices and PC etc.
Meet first product of the embedded system of definition until 1971 just occur later, this year, Intel has issued first piece of microprocessor 4004 in the world, is mainly used for producing by the Busicom company of Japan and uses counter.1969, Busicom please Intel be that their each new-type calculating designs a kind of custom integrated circuit respectively, and Intel has then taken out 4004.Intel does not design respectively for each counter, but devises a kind of universal circuit that can be used in all models.This general processor is designed to reading and there is a series of instruction (software) in external memory chip.The idea of Intel can provide respective characteristic for each counter by the design of software.
This microprocessor is just success overnight, and obtains a wide range of applications in afterwards 10 years.Embedded system is mainly used in the field such as military affairs and space flight in early days, is progressively widely used in the fields such as Industry Control, instrument and meter, automotive electronics, communication and domestic consumer electrical type later.Along with the development of Internet, novel embedded system is just towards information household appliances IA(Information Appliance) and 3C(Computer, Communication, Consumer) line of production development.The quantity of embedded system seems to be certain to continue to increase rapidly.One mechanism much has the embedded system device of huge market potential: the light modulator that can be controlled by central computer and thermostat.When child or short person people in the intelligent brain truster that can not inflate, electric palm memo pad and PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), digital camera and instrument flight system.
Embedded system adopts the mode of " cutting the garment according to the figure " that required function is embedded in various application system.Along with the difference of application form, IP(Intellectual Property can be had) level, chip-scale and module level 3 grades of different architecture.
The framework of IP level i.e. system level chip SOC(System on Chip) form.Different IP unit, on one chip integrated according to the requirement of application, various embedded software also can be in the chips integrated in the mode of IP.
Chip-scale framework is the requirement according to various IT product (application system), can select corresponding processor (MCU, DSP, RISC, MPU etc.) chip, RAM, ROM(EPROM/EEPROM/FLASH) and the corresponding embedded system of the composition such as I/O interface chip; Corresponding system software/application software also can form of firmware be solidificated in ROM.This is the modal form of current embedded system.
The framework of the 3rd kind is that the computer system Module-embedding that formed with X 86 processor is in application system.Versatility and the convenience of conventional PC at present can be made full use of like this.But, this mode is not only wanted reduced volume, is increased reliability; And, also operating system OS to be transform as embedded OS OS, application software is solidificated in solid-state disk.This kind of embedded system more appears in Industry Control and instrument and meter.
Embedded system is made up of flush bonding processor, built-in system software and embedded application software.The personal Internet user framework PCA that Intel Company releases is exactly the Application and Development platform of embedded system.Flush bonding processor in the application and communication subsystem of PCA is the processor based on StrongARM/XScale; PCA can be equipped with the various embedded OS such as Windows CE, built-in Linux and VxWorks; Meanwhile, for the ease of developing various application software, various assembly and middleware is provided.The classification of 1.2 embedded systems
According to the difference of " embedding " mode, embedded system can be divided into the kind that descends to the mortal world:
Complete machine formula embeds.
A computer system with special purpose interface is embedded in a control system, becomes the core of control system.General this computer system functions is complete and powerful, and the key job of the core in completion system also has more perfect man-machine interface and external unit.
Claims (8)
1. the new-type data storage device with the passive matrix addressing of power-off protection of the present invention is in the method for reducing the harmful phenomenon relevant to adopting the interference voltage of the data storage device of passive matrix addressing particularly in memory devices or sensor device, and the applying meeting the current potential of addressing operation controls according to voltage pulse protocol in the mode of time coordination usually; In addressing operation, data storage cell is set to the first polarized state by the first activation voltage pulse, then according to voltage pulse protocol, second potential pulse is applied in, it can be the opposite polarity second activation voltage pulse of polarity and the first potential pulse, and for data storage cell is switched to the second polarized state; Thus selected cell is set to the predetermined polarized state of being specified by addressing operation; The data storage cell of this device is arranged in sections that two or more electricity separate, make for device each section comprise physical address space separately; In addressing operation, the data section of being directed into, this section be according to about in section formerly and/or the information of applying activation voltage pulse of planning select.
2. new-type this data storage device of data storage device with the passive matrix addressing of power-off protection of the present invention adopts passive matrix addressing, particularly memory devices or sensor device, wherein this data storage device comprises multiple data storage cell, for storing the logical value as the certain electric charge values by setting in each cell provides, wherein each data storage cell comprises the electric polarizable memory material presenting magnetic hysteresis, particularly ferroelectric or electret, wherein these unit are physically arranged in one or more matrix, each in wherein said matrix provides passive matrix-addressable to these unit, wherein each matrix comprises the first and second electrode groups, wherein the electrode runs parallel of each group is arranged, one group of electrode forms wordline and another group formation bit line, wherein word line electrode and bit line electrode cross one another and arrange and directly or indirectly contact with storage medium, wherein the data storage cell of this device is implemented the class capacitor element as limiting between wordline and the intersection of bit line or in the bulk storage medium of infall, and pass through between wordline and bit line and be limited on data storage cell therebetween, apply the activation voltage pulse of the voltage Vs of the coercive voltage Vc of the coercive electric field be greater than corresponding to storage medium, any one at least two kinds of polarized states can be set to or be switched betwixt, wherein the applying of current potential meets addressing operation, and the current potential being wherein applied to all words and bit line in addressing operation controls according to predetermined voltage pulse protocol in the mode of time coordination, it is characterized in that, by the first activation voltage pulse in addressing operation, addressed data storage cell is set to the first polarized state, therebetween at least under a part of duration of the first activation voltage pulse, the each bit line depending on voltage pulse protocol can be connected with the sensing apparatus of the polarized state for detecting data storage cell, depend on voltage pulse protocol and apply the second potential pulse, it can be the opposite polarity second activation voltage pulse with the first activation voltage pulse, and addressed data storage cell is switched to the second polarized state from the first polarized state, this addressed unit is made to be set to the predetermined polarized state of being specified by addressing operation, the data storage cell of data storage device adopting passive matrix addressing is provided, each section of physical address space separated comprising data storage device in sections that two or more electricity are separated, and by the data section of being directed in addressing operation, this section be according to about in section formerly and/or the information of applying activation voltage pulse of planning select.
3. the new-type data storage device storer with the passive matrix addressing of power-off protection of the present invention comprises column decoder and circuit; Circuit structure is for receiving column address gating signal, row useful signal and column address signal; Circuit structure is: if column address gating signal and row useful signal are in the first logic level, then transmit column address signal to column decoder, and if column address gating signal and row useful signal one of them be in the second logic level being different from the first logic level, then latch column address signal and transmit the column address signal that latches to column decoder;
Comprise :-column decoder; With-circuit, be configured to: receive column address gating signal, row useful signal and column address signal;--if described column address gating signal and described row useful signal are in the first logic level, then transmit described column address signal to column decoder; With--if described column address gating signal and described row useful signal are in the second logic level being different from the first logic level, then latch described column address signal and also transmit the column address signal of latch to column decoder;
UDP based on Linux transmits
Need not bottom layer realization be considered when adopting UDP to transmit data under Linux environment, because operating system assume responsibility for most thing, use Berkeley socket to achieve the goal very easily; Socket has three types: stream socket (SOCK_STREAM), Datagram Socket (SOCK_DGRAM) and raw socket; Connection-oriented stream socket uses TCP, uses UDP towards connectionless Datagram Socket; If use connectionless Datagram Socket to programme, the flow process of program can with representing; Based on the UDP transfer process chapter 4 of Linux based on the Software for Design of Linux;
First program uses socket () function to generate a socket, then uses bind () function socket to be tied to designated port (this step is omissible sometimes, such as needs system Stochastic choice transmit port); Main transmission and transferring content are completed by function, and recvfrom () is choke function, and program can not down perform before receiving effective content; Last communication completes, and closes socket;
TFTP (TFTP) is for not needing the application program of complex interaction between client and server and designing; TFTP is only limitted to simple files transmission operation, does not provide access authorization; Because TFTP limitation is comparatively large, TFTP software is more much smaller than FTP; TFTP does not need reliable data stream delivery service, and it operates in UDP or other people are with on unreliable block transmission system, uses time-out and retransmit to ensure data block arrival; Transmitting terminal adopts the Bulk transport file of fixed size (512 byte), and waits for the confirmation to each piece before sending next block; Receiving end is all confirmed after often receiving a block;
The rule of TFTP is very simple; First the grouping demand file transmission sent, and it is mutual to set up between client and server, grouping specifies filename, and to specify be want transmission direction (read/write); Blocks of files is serial number from 1; Each packet comprises a stem, indicates the number of transmission block, and each confirmation comprises the block number be identified; Be less than the block mark end-of-file of 512 bytes; Can send error message on the position of data or confirmation, suspending file transmits by mistake;
Once have issued the request of reading or writing, server uses IP address and the udp protocol port numbers identification subsequent operation of client; Therefore due to symmetry, it is unusual that TFTP retransmits; Communicating pair realizes time-out and re-transmission separately; If transmitting terminal is overtime, it is by the data block of retransmission of lost; If be responsible for one end time-out confirmed, it is by the confirmation of retransmission of lost, allows two ends all participate in re-transmission and will contribute to ensureing that transmission can not be failed when losing single grouping;
Under linux, TFTP transfer files is used to be to adopt software tftp based on order line or other similar stand alone softwares; Although adopt the problem such as reliability that ensure that in this way based on UDP transmission, cannot be incorporated in the program of oneself writing and go; No matter be that application program in host computer PC or embedded system is write, the idea of TFTP transmission is adopted not have feasibility, but its realization approach and principle but can be used for reference, namely allowing the application program of oneself writing realize transmitting with file transfer like TFTP protocol class or data without being connected the service with best-effort delivery, constituting the basis of Internet data transfer; TCP(transmission control protocol) on the service infrastructure that provides in IP agreement, Transmission Control Protocol software adds some mechanism, provides connection-oriented reliable stream to throw;
The new-type data storage device with the passive matrix addressing of power-off protection of the present invention specifically comprises following characteristic:
Towards stream; The data visualization transmitted between application program is structureless byte stream (or bit stream), and stream delivery service ensures transmitting-receiving
Byte order completely the same;
SCCP connection-oriented; Before data transmission, need between tcp module connect (similar virtual circuit), TCP message thereafter
Connect on basis at this and transmit;
Reliability; Take over party, according to the School Affairs in received message, judges the correctness of transmission: if correct, reply,
Otherwise dropping packets; If transmit leg fails to obtain response message in official hour, automatically retransmit;
Buffering transmission; Tcp module provides mandatory transmission (transmitting immediately) and buffering transmission two kinds of means; Buffering transmission allows will
The data stream of application program runs up to certain size, forms message, then transmits;
Full duplex; The data stream can carrying out full duplex between tcp module exchanges;
The development pole the earth of modern science and technology has promoted intersection and the infiltration of different subject, causes technological transformation and the revolution of engineering field; At mechanical engineering field, due to the electromechanical integration developing rapidly and formed to the infiltration of mechanical industry of microelectric technique and computer technology, make the technical pattern of mechanical industry, product construction, function and formation, the mode of production and management system there occurs great variety, make commercial production march toward by " mechanical electric gasification " developing stage that " electromechanical integration " is feature; Its development and progress depends on the progress and development of correlation technique, and there are digitizing, intellectuality, modularization, networking, hommization, microminiaturization, integrated, band source and greenization in its main development direction;
The new-type data storage device electromechanical integration with the passive matrix addressing of power-off protection of the present invention is from the view point of system, integrated use mechanical technique, microelectric technique, automatic control technology, computer technology, infotech, sensing observation and control technology, Power Electronic Technique, interfacing, the group technologys such as information conversion technology and software programming technique, according to systemic-function target and optimizing tissue target, reasonable disposition and each functional unit of layout, multi-functional, high-quality, high reliability, the meaning of low energy consumption realizes specific function to be worth, and make the optimized system engineering technology of whole system, in today of knowledge big bang, science and technology is maked rapid progress, and new material, new equipment, new technology and new technology continue to bring out, and have promoted development and the revolution in mechanical industry field greatly, due to the develop rapidly of microelectric technique and computer technology, and it is to continuous, the infiltration in mechanical industry field, and electromechanical integration technology is arisen at the historic moment,
Infotech is ordered about mechanical system and is being utilized database in varying degrees, and database-driven system also used by washing machine and other consumer goods; Like this, the exploration of the design method of electromechanical integration, shaping and the system integration and parallel engineering design and control date of execution are shown important; In addition, optics also enters electromechanical integration, creates the frontier of " optical, mechanical and electronic integration "; The communication technology enters electromechanical integration, machine can the computer-controlled networking electromechanical integration that is closely connected of the technology such as the such remote control of machine robot system and virtual reality multimedia day by day universal; Some electromechanical integration machinery can be dual-purpose, what have is multiduty especially in performance, especially the development of microsensor and actuation technologies, with semiconductor technology be lithographically basis method and and the combination of traditional electro-mechanical all-in-one micro method, the new branch of electromechanical integration " micro electronmechanical integration " that to have started with precision engineering and the system integration be feature; Although micro-processing method is not yet ripe, an ingredient of integrated control system will be become gradually;
Although the core technology of electromechanical integration can using electromechanical integration technology as an independently subject, it relates to and contains other multi-door subjects; Can say, the development of electromechanical integration technology be based upon Other subjects development basis on, be fusion and the optimization of other correlation techniques; Introduce and closely-related several the core technologies of electromechanical integration technology below.
4. the new-type basis with the data storage device electromechanical integration technology of the passive matrix addressing of power-off protection of the present invention; Mechanical technique is while development upgrades, also to adapt with computer technology and electronic technology and combine, thus play the advantage of mechanical technique to greatest extent, realize the optimization in structure, on material, in performance, meet and reduce weight, reduced volume, raising precision, requirement such as raising rigidity and improving SNR etc.; Why the application electromechanical integration technology of electromechanical integration technology can obtain so swift and violent development, because it has wide application space from numerically-controlled machine to a great extent, to computer integrated manufacturing system, arrive AC Drive Technology again, electromechanical integration all plays vital effect;
Numerically-controlled machine
As an importance of electromechanical integration technology application, numerically-controlled machine and corresponding Numeric Control Technology have achieved the achievement attracted people's attention; Flourish through more than 40 years, numerically-controlled machine and corresponding Numeric Control Technology have rapid raising in structure, function, operation and control accuracy; Current numerically-controlled machine adopts the architecture of multi-CPU multi-master bus, and with better function, structure is compacter; And present numerically-controlled machine designs opening more, more intelligent, the demand of user can be met to greatest extent, improve the utilization benefit of user; And present digital control system can realize the functions such as dynamic simulation, inline diagnosis, fuzzy control, has greatly enriched the function of digital control system, also greatly improve the control ability of system simultaneously; In addition, many processes, multi-way contral and network function etc., numerically-controlled machine is met people improve day by day to complication system and curved surface processing request;
Flexible manufacturing system (FMS)
Flexible manufacturing system is computerized manufacturing system, primarily of compositions such as computing machine, numerically-controlled machine, robot charging tray, automatic transporting dolly and Automatic Warehouses; The great advantage of FMS is exactly can according to production requirement, random, in real time, any workpiece produced by specified quantity in its limit of power, be therefore specially adapted to the batch production of multi items, small batch, change in design discrete parts frequently; The development electromechanical integration of electromechanical integration is the multi-disciplinary mixing together such as machinery, microelectronics, control, computing machine, information processing, its development and progress depends on the progress and development of correlation technique, and there are digitizing, intellectuality, modularization, networking, hommization, microminiaturization, integrated, band source and greenization in its main development direction;
Digitizing
The digitized basis of electronic product has been established in microcontroller and development thereof, as numerically-controlled machine and the robot of development; And the rapid emergence of computer network, for digitized design platform has paved road, digitizing requires that the software of electromechanical integrated product has high reliability, ease for operation, maintainability, self diagnostic capability and friendly man-machine interface; Digitized realization will be convenient to operated from a distance, diagnosis and reparation;
Intelligent
Require electronic product to have the logic consideration of similar people, judging and deducing, the ability such as to make decisions on one's own; Such as on CNC numerically-controlled machine, increase good in interactive function, intelligent I/O interface and Intelligent art database are set, great convenience can be brought to use, operation and maintenance; Along with the progress and development of the artificial intelligence technologys such as fuzzy control, neural network, gray theory, wavelet theory, chaos and fork, for electromechanical integration technology development opens the wide world; Based Intelligent Control uses maximum control modes in modern electro-mechanical system, and it relies on the control advantage of " high-performance, high-level efficiency, high level " to replace traditional control method gradually;
) modularization
Due to electromechanical integrated product kind and manufacturer various, Study and Development have SMIF, power interface, environmental interface electromechanical integrated product unit module be a complexity and promising work; As development has, collection slows down, the Motorized drive unit of frequency control motor one; There is the motor integral control module etc. of the functions such as vision, image procossing, identification and range finding; Like this, when product development and design, these standard modular unit can be utilized to develop rapidly the product made new advances;
Networking
The terminal device inherently electromechanical integrated product of Long-distance Control, fieldbus and local area network technology make network of home appliances change into as possibility, utilize home network that various household electrical appliance are connected into the Automated library system home appliance system centered by computing machine, the benefit making people can enjoy various hi-tech at home to the full to bring, therefore, electromechanical integrated product undoubtedly should towards networking future development;
Hommization
The final utilization of electromechanical integrated product is to liking people, how to seem more and more important to the intelligence of electromechanical integrated product imparting people, emotion and human nature, electromechanical integrated product is except perfect performance, also require in accordance with natural environment in color, moulding etc., use these products, concerning people or a kind of artistic treat, the tidemark as domestic robot is exactly man-machine integration;
Microminiaturized
Microminiaturization is the certainty of fine processing technique development, is also the needs of raising the efficiency; MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (Micro Electronic Mechanical Systems, be called for short MEMS) referring to can batch making, collection micro mechanism, microsensor, micro actuator and signal transacting and control circuit, until interface, communication and power supply etc. are in microdevice integrally or system;
Integrated
Integratedly both comprise the interpenetrating of various technology, mutually to have merged and the optimization of various product different structure and compound, comprise again the working procedures such as processing, assembling, detection, management simultaneously in process of production; First can be some levels by system decomposition, systemic-function is disperseed, and make each several part coordinate and operate safely, and then organically be connected at all levels by soft and hardware, make its best performance, function the strongest;
Band source
Refer to that electromechanical integrated product self is with the energy, as solar cell, fuel cell and high capacity cell; Owing to cannot use electric energy in many occasions, thus for the electromechanical integrated product of motion, self-powered source has unique benefit; With one of developing direction that source is electromechanical integrated product;
Greenization
Green product refer to low energy consumption, low material consumption, low stain, comfortable, coordinate and the product of reproducible utilization; Should meet the requirement of environmental protection and human health when it designs, manufactures, uses and destroys, the greenization of electromechanical integrated product mainly to refer to when it uses not pollution of ecological environment, at the end of life of product, and product decomposable asymmetric choice net and regeneration;
Due to the great advantages of electromechanical integration technology, nowadays the application of this technology in productive life is all being widelyd popularize in countries in the world; It not only affects the science and technology of world community, economy, society and military development, and becomes embodiment and the symbol of a national overall national strength gradually; After the 90's of 20th century, each Main Developed Countries has pushed it against the new stage of intelligent direction development; China's electromechanical integration technology is started late, the relevant shortage of professionals, and traditional industry system falls behind, so China's electromechanical integration technology present situation compares certain gap in addition with developed countries; Be mainly reflected in the following aspects:
Start late, development time is shorter, so technology itself is ripe not enough;
Traditional industry system is huge, and transformation task amount is large, and because the restriction major part enterprise of the condition such as economy, technology and the electromechanical integration transformation task of unit cannot complete, the transformation task amount completed also does not arrive the half of requirement;
Legacy equipment is many, and the task that machine tool, industrial furnace, blower fan electric pump etc. utilize electronic information technology to carry out transforming is heavy;
Industrial system CAD applies; At present, the industrial design CAD utility ratio of U.S., Deng state is more than 85%, and China industrial system CAD utility ratio compares gap with World Developed Countries comparatively large, and the coverage rate of CAD application is also not as good as developed country;
In present day by day informationalized society, cyber-net overall permeation to each corner of daily life; For we everyone, needs be no longer only that putting processes document on the table, carry out the computing machine of work management and production control; Various novel embedded system equipment in number of applications considerably beyond multi-purpose computer, any one ordinary people may have the electronic product of various use embedded technologys from big to small, little of mp3, the Miniature digital products such as PDA, large to network home appliance, intelligent appliance, vehicle electronic device; And in industry and service field, using the digital machine of embedded technology, intelligent tool, industrial robot, service robot also will change traditional industry and method of service gradually;
The present invention is new-type have the passive matrix addressing of power-off protection data storage device it possessed the characteristic of following four:
Usual execution specific function;
Core is formed with peripheral with micro computer;
Strict sequential and stability requirement;
Full automatic working circulates.
5. embedded system is the synthesis of computer software and hardware, can also contain machinery and other auxiliary equipment; The object of whole synthesis design is to meet certain specific function; The framework of embedded system can be divided into five parts: processor, internal memory, constrained input, operating system and application software; They are common in all kinds of experimental apparatus, office equipment, facilities for transport and communication, telecommunication apparatus, manufacturing equipment, Architectural Equipment, Medical Devices and PC etc.
6. the new-type data storage device with the passive matrix addressing of power-off protection of the present invention meets first product of the embedded system of definition until 1971 just occur later, this year, Intel has issued first piece of microprocessor 4004 in the world, is mainly used for producing upper counter by the Busicom company of Japan; 1969, Busicom please Intel be that their each new-type calculating designs a kind of custom integrated circuit respectively, and Intel has then taken out 4004; Intel does not design respectively for each counter, but devises a kind of universal circuit that can be used in all models; This general processor is designed to reading and there is a series of instruction (software) in external memory chip; The idea of Intel can provide respective characteristic for each counter by the design of software;
This microprocessor is just success overnight, and obtains a wide range of applications in afterwards 10 years; Embedded system is mainly used in the field such as military affairs and space flight in early days, is progressively widely used in the fields such as Industry Control, instrument and meter, automotive electronics, communication and domestic consumer electrical type later; Along with the development of Internet, novel embedded system is just towards information household appliances IA(Information Appliance) and 3C(Computer, Communication, Consumer) line of production development; The quantity of embedded system seems to be certain to continue to increase rapidly; One mechanism much has the embedded system device of huge market potential: the light modulator that can be controlled by central computer and thermostat; When child or short person people in the intelligent brain truster that can not inflate, electric palm memo pad and PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), digital camera and instrument flight system; The output trend figure of the embedded system Related product done by well-known industrial analysis mechanism IDC;
Embedded system adopts the mode of " cutting the garment according to the figure " that required function is embedded in various application system; Along with the difference of application form, IP(Intellectual Property can be had) level, chip-scale and module level 3 grades of different architecture;
The framework of IP level i.e. system level chip SOC(System on Chip) form; Different IP unit, on one chip integrated according to the requirement of application, various embedded software also can be in the chips integrated in the mode of IP;
Chip-scale framework is the requirement according to various IT product (application system), can select corresponding processor (MCU, DSP, RISC, MPU etc.) chip, RAM, ROM(EPROM/EEPROM/FLASH) and the corresponding embedded system of the composition such as I/O interface chip; Corresponding system software/application software also can form of firmware be solidificated in ROM; This is the modal form of current embedded system;
The framework of the 3rd kind is that the computer system Module-embedding that formed with X 86 processor is in application system; Versatility and the convenience of conventional PC at present can be made full use of like this; But, this mode is not only wanted reduced volume, is increased reliability; And, also operating system OS to be transform as embedded OS OS, application software is solidificated in solid-state disk; This kind of embedded system more appears in Industry Control and instrument and meter.
7. the new-type data storage device embedded system with the passive matrix addressing of power-off protection of the present invention is made up of flush bonding processor, built-in system software and embedded application software; The personal Internet user framework PCA that Intel Company releases is exactly the Application and Development platform of embedded system; Flush bonding processor in the application and communication subsystem of PCA is the processor based on StrongARM/XScale; PCA can be equipped with the various embedded OS such as Windows CE, built-in Linux and VxWorks; Meanwhile, for the ease of developing various application software, various assembly and middleware is provided; The classification of embedded system is according to the difference of " embedding " mode, and embedded system can be divided into the kind that descends to the mortal world:
Complete machine formula embeds;
A computer system with special purpose interface is embedded in a control system, becomes the core of control system; General this computer system functions is complete and powerful, and the key job of the core in completion system also has more perfect man-machine interface and external unit;
Component type embeds;
Be embedded in an opertaing device with component type, complete a certain processing capacity, with other hardware coupling of equipment closely, function is more single-minded; As the digital processing unit of radar, generally select dedicated cpu or DSP.
8. the new-type data storage device chip type with the passive matrix addressing of power-off protection of the present invention embeds;
Chip is a complete special purpose computer, has complete IO interface, completes single-minded function; As video-stream processor, controller of microwave oven etc.; As be custom-designed chip; Along with the development of microelectric technique, it will be more and more extensive that chip type embeds application; The feature of Embedded System Design according to the definition of electrical engineer association of Britain, embedded system formula control, monitor or utility appliance, machine, even plant operation device; He is the synthesis of a kind of computer software and hardware, and the principle that lay special stress on is made to measure, namely give a certain specific use, a distinct system can be developed for this purposes.
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| CN106708436A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-24 | 福州大学 | Microcontroller-based wireless storage system and control method thereof |
| CN109144470A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2019-01-04 | 上海寒武纪信息科技有限公司 | A kind of computing device and method |
| CN111133700A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2020-05-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | High-rate receiving circuit |
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| CN106708436A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-24 | 福州大学 | Microcontroller-based wireless storage system and control method thereof |
| CN106708436B (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2023-03-07 | 福州大学 | Wireless storage system based on microcontroller and control method thereof |
| CN109144470A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2019-01-04 | 上海寒武纪信息科技有限公司 | A kind of computing device and method |
| CN111133700A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2020-05-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | High-rate receiving circuit |
| CN111133700B (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2021-06-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | High-rate receiving circuit |
| US11212043B2 (en) | 2017-09-22 | 2021-12-28 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | High rate receiver circuit |
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