CN104715668A - Geotechnical triaxial compression experiment teaching system - Google Patents

Geotechnical triaxial compression experiment teaching system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104715668A
CN104715668A CN201410750710.6A CN201410750710A CN104715668A CN 104715668 A CN104715668 A CN 104715668A CN 201410750710 A CN201410750710 A CN 201410750710A CN 104715668 A CN104715668 A CN 104715668A
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pressure
test
triaxial compression
water
ambient pressure
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CN104715668B (en
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刘龙武
梁斌
田举
李蓬喜
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B25/02—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machinery
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces

Abstract

The invention discloses a geotechnical triaxial compression experiment teaching system. The geotechnical triaxial compression experiment teaching system comprises thirty-two stress control type simple triaxial instruments (1), an axial pressure loading system (2) composed of thirty-two hanging mercury column pressure loading systems and an ambient pressure loading system (3) composed of water column pressure loading systems of four single-stage fixed water tanks. Compared with geotechnical triaxial compression experiment teaching conducted through existing triaxial compression instruments, the geotechnical triaxial compression experiment teaching system has the advantages that the principle is visual, operation is simple and convenient, performance is stable, maintenance is easy, cost is low, and the system can be intensively installed in a laboratory. A teacher can complete triaxial compression experiment teaching of a standard class with thirty-two students who each operate one instrument within two teaching periods, the utilization efficiency and experiment teaching efficiency of the laboratory are greatly improved, and the system is especially suitable for experiment teaching of geotechnical triaxial compression experiment projects carried out in geotechnical laboratories of various institutions of higher learning.

Description

A kind of geotechnological triaxial compression test tutoring system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of triaxial compression test instrument, particularly relate to a kind of geotechnological triaxial compression test tutoring system.
Background technology
Geotechnique's triaxial apparatus is a kind of soil test equipment for measuring soil classifiction index.In the academic research field of Geotechnical Engineering, geotechnological triaxial apparatus is to the future development of high-precision, the automatic controls such as hydraulic servo, Automatic Control, true triaxial, unsaturation three axle.But, in the soil mechanics laboratory of the geotechnological school duty room of all kinds of institutions of higher education of China and the prospecting of most building class, design and construction unit, still mainly use conventional strain controlling formula triaxial apparatus or micro-processor controlled strain control triaxial compression apparatus at present.
In strain controlling formula triaxial apparatus, one piece of control panel has ambient pressure loading system, back-pressure loading system, the various pipeline of pore water pressure force test system, then axial displacement control and test macro is also had when axle pressure adopts hydrostatic control, this makes geotechnological triaxial apparatus instrument lines very complicated, in experimental teaching, student is difficult to the principle grasping triaxial compression test in the teaching and experiment process in the classroom short time, also due to the complicacy of triaxial apparatus instrument, the soil test person that many soil mechanics laboratories in unit in charge of construction work also is ignorant of the method for operating of geotechnological triaxial apparatus, even some has the laboratory of high requirement, though be equipped with triaxial apparatus, but without being familiar with the soil test personnel carrying out correlation test, hinder the application of triaxial apparatus at basic unit's engineering unit.For this reason, also there is the light simplification triaxial apparatus that only can be UU test (unconsolidated undrained test) in market, but because this quasi-instrument is strain control triaxial compression apparatus, and still rely on air compressor machine to apply ambient pressure, the difficulty of operation, maintenance can be caused equally, limit the application that such simplifies instrument.
At present, the institution of higher education that China is provided with building specialty all must offer the direct shear test project for measuring soil classifiction index of mixed soil mechanics course teaching by syllabus requirement.Triaxial compression test than direct shear test can better the drainage condition of Control Assay and sample stressing conditions and engineering actual closer to, therefore, the Shear Strength Index recorded is also closer to reality.What is more important, by the teaching of the triaxial compression test teaching compared with direct shear test, student is by the understanding of greatly deepening soil mechanics and understanding.But because the pipeline of the triaxial apparatus instrument in existing market is complicated, and be difficult to complete experimental duties within two experimental teaching class hours with existing triaxial apparatus student, in addition triaxial apparatus is expensive, school often limits by teaching fund, enough instrument quantity cannot be equipped with, in the experimental teaching of soil mechanics project that this makes China university offer, triaxial compression test only as the experiment viewing and emulating illustrative, only has ground type student just can offer triaxial compression test project in the teaching of Postgraduates in undergraduate stage.Therefore, the triaxial compression test tutoring system that the geotechnological school duty room teaching being suitable for institution of higher education of developing a kind of cheapness needs, to, for promoting that colleges and universities' experimental teaching of soil mechanics provides better equipment Foundations, also be China university experimental teaching of soil mechanics personnel urgent problems.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is by the improvement of existing geotechnological triaxial apparatus loading system and simplification, develop a kind of principle directly perceived, operate simple and easy, stable performance, for ease of maintenaince, cheap, the Stress Control formula geotechnique triaxial apparatus that is easy to intensive installation, is suitable for soil test teaching.
Present invention eliminates the panel of triaxial apparatus, adopt and simplify triaxial apparatus part (1).Described simplification triaxial apparatus part (2) is by the ambient pressure room (17) inserted on triaxial apparatus base (16) and is arranged on the axle pressure room (19) be fixed on the triaxial apparatus support (18) on base (16) top, piston (20), transmission rod (21) and corresponding axial displacement test dial gauge (22), axle pressure test chart (23), ambient pressure test chart (24), axle pressure interface (10), ambient pressure interface (38), pore water buret interface (31), the composition such as pore water pressure sensor (37).Simplify triaxial apparatus and do not consider that back-pressure is saturated, and eliminate the panel of triaxial apparatus, adopt Stress Control formula compress mode, axle pressure is allowed to load (10) above support, ambient pressure is from side loaded (38) below confined pressure room, pore water pressure is measured and is drawn (31) from support lower central, accomplish that three kinds of test line are separated from each other, and directly respectively with independently axle pressure, ambient pressure loading system connects, this makes the principle of triaxial apparatus become very directly perceived, Instrument structure is also more simple, be convenient to intensive installation, also teacher explains is convenient to, beginner's operation and the understanding to experimental principle,
Each loading system (2) in the axle pressure loading system that the present invention adopts is made up of single manual suspension lifting device and single mercury column pressure Force system respectively, and described single manual suspension lifting device is all made up of stator (15), rotating disk (4), fixed pulley (6), plexiglass box (7) and seizing wire (5) etc.; Described single mercury column pressure Force system is all be made up of the plexiglass box (7) that mercury (8) are housed hung on lanyard (9), the plastic water pipe (12) being full of mercury (8), piston (14), the plastic water pipe being full of water (11) and axle pressure interface (10) etc.This is actual is to be applied to by the pressure that the increase that height leant on by mercury produces by the principle of linker in the water in ambient pressure loading system and to be finally delivered to the surrounding of soil sample, this loading system is simple, principle directly perceived, be convenient to intensive installation, maintenance and use, is also convenient to teacher explains, beginner's learning manipulation and understanding;
The present invention adopts four single-stage ambient pressure loading systems, every grade of loading system (3) dewaters and leans on outside height (41) should set according to ambient pressure size, all forms by being equipped with the water tank (40) of water (39), downcomer (42), horizontal water tube and dress 8 ambient pressure interfaces (43) thereon.Because triaxial compression test tutoring system can be arranged on the bottom in experimental teaching building, water tank (40) in four single-stage ambient pressure loading systems can hang 4 differing heights being fixed on experimental teaching building, and 8 simplification triaxial apparatus (1) that each water tank (40) can be bottom laboratory provide one-level ambient pressure.Level Four ambient pressure loading system is external, for 32 simplification triaxial apparatus (1) described in same experiment indoor intensive installation and described 32 axle pressure loading systems (2) provide space condition, simultaneously, the pressure being leant on bottom by water provides ambient pressure intensity for the soil sample in the indoor water of triaxial pressure, also have principle directly perceived, operate simple and easy, stable performance, for ease of maintenaince, cheap advantage.
By the geotechnological triaxial compression test tutoring system of one provided by the invention, water is adopted to lean on the loading system of pressure as ambient pressure, adopt suspender change mercury lean on height and law of connected vessels to realize the loading of axle pressure, and adopt and simplify triaxial apparatus (1), described one geotechnique triaxial compression test tutoring system is had principle is directly perceived, easy and simple to handle, stable performance, for ease of maintenaince, with low cost, be easy to the advantages such as intensive installation.The particularly geotechnological triaxial compression test tutoring system of one provided by the invention, due to can by external for the loading system of ambient pressure, 32 simplification triaxial apparatus (1) described in can installing in same experiment indoor intensive and described 32 axle pressure loading systems (2), this just can realize a class in same laboratory student's (being generally 32 people) everyone use a triaxial apparatus to carry out triaxial compression test teaching simultaneously, this will bring great convenience for experimental teaching and laboratory room managing; In addition, by 4 people one group do same soil sample four test specimens, everyone only does the experiment session arrangement of the triaxial compression test in level Four ambient pressure under certain one-level ambient pressure with a test specimen, adopt a kind of geotechnological triaxial compression test tutoring system provided by the invention also can realize a class student's (being generally 32 people) everyone use a triaxial apparatus and the laboratory that coexists completes the object that triaxial compression test is imparted knowledge to students within two teaching class hours.Therefore, a kind of geotechnological triaxial compression test tutoring system provided by the invention is particularly useful for the experimental teaching of soil mechanics in University experiment teaching, and for promoting that the enforcement of triaxial compression test instructional item in the experimental teaching of building class undergraduate provides the foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of drawing of geotechnological triaxial compression test tutoring system.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
See Fig. 1, test as follows.
sample preparation is with saturated
The preparation of sample and saturatedly to save with reference to 4.1 of the triaxial compression test (SL237-017-1999) in Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China's industry standard earthwork test rule and 4.2 regulations saved are carried out.
sample is installed and consolidation
(1) for unconsolidated undrained test (UU test)
1) sample is installed the regulation of 1 ~ 4 saved see the 4.3.1 of the triaxial compression test (SL237-017-1999) in Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China's industry standard earthwork test rule with the water filling of ambient pressure room and is carried out;
2) ambient pressure loads
An ambient pressure interface (43) in certain grade of ambient pressure loading system (3) in level Four ambient pressure is connected with the interface (38) simplified on triaxial apparatus base; Open ambient pressure water check valve (29), show stable ambient pressure value to ambient pressure test chart (24);
3) axle pressure water check valve (26) is opened, water is injected axle pressure room, and by hydraulic pressure, piston is moved to transmission rod (21) and contact with sample cap (32), the water level of axle pressure room Zhong Shui (25) is adjusted to axle pressure test chart (23) highly, be as the criterion to observing axle pressure test chart (23) in zero-bit swing, close axle pressure water check valve (26), axial displacement is tested dial gauge (22) reading and be adjusted to zero;
(2) for unconsolidated undrained test (survey pore water pressure, CU tests)
1) sample install, ambient pressure room water filling and read the regulation of 1 ~ 7 that pore water pressure initial value saves see the 4.3.2 of the triaxial compression test (SL237-017-1999) in Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China's industry standard earthwork test rule and carry out;
2) by above-mentioned (1) joint 2) and 3) step apply ambient pressure, and by axle pressure test chart (23) and axial displacement test dial gauge (22) reading be adjusted to zero-bit;
3) by pore water pressure sensor (36) read stable after pore water pressure reading, subduction pore water pressure initial reading is the initial pore water pressure u of sample under ambient pressure;
4) judge that the regulation of the 10th article of the 4.3.2 joint of the whether saturated triaxial compression test (SL237-017-1999) that can refer in Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China's industry standard earthwork test rule of sample is carried out;
5) water pipe valve (30) that begins to rehearse allows sample by the draining of hole water yield pipe, and by above-mentioned steps 3), 4) carry out discharging consolidation;
6), after consolidation completes, close draining pipe valve (30), write down pore water buret reading and pore water pressure reading.Open axle pressure water check valve (26), water is injected axle pressure room, and by hydraulic pressure, piston is moved to transmission rod (21) and contact with sample cap (32), be as the criterion to observing axle pressure test chart (23) in zero-bit swing, close axle pressure water check valve (26), write down axial displacement test dial gauge (22) reading, be consolidation deflection (△ h c/ cm).Calculate specimen height after consolidation according to this h c .Then, axle pressure room axle pressure test chart (23) and axial displacement test dial gauge (22) reading are adjusted to zero;
7) all the other several samples press same method install sample, and under different ambient pressure discharging consolidation;
(3) for consolidated drained test (CD test)
1) explanation of above-mentioned (2) step 1) saved of sample installation is carried out;
2) sample consolidation is by above-mentioned (2) step 2 saved) ~ 7) explanation carry out.
sample is sheared
(1) time in order to estimate soil sample shear failure, the size of axle pressure, can first carry out a unconfined compression strength test, try to achieve the unconfined compressive strength q of soil sample before triaxial compression test u(kPa).When elementary ambient pressure, axle pressure at different levels loads large I and is taken as 0.7q respectively u(kPa), 0.8q u(kPa), 0.9q u(kPa), 0.9q u+ 1(kPa), 0.9q u+ 2(kPa), 0.9q u+ 3(kPa), 0.9q u+ 4(kPa) ..., until sample destroys.When second level ambient pressure, third level ambient pressure and fourth stage ambient pressure, axle pressure at different levels load size from, from 0.9q u(kPa) start, 0.95q can be adopted successively respectively u(kPa), 1.0q u(kPa), 1.1q u(kPa) as second level axle pressure, subsequently, every grade of axle pressure increases 1(kPa), until sample destroys;
(2) when sample starts to shear: draining pipe valve (30) should be closed for unconsolidated undrained test (UU test) and unconsolidated undrained test (CU test); Draining pipe valve (30) should be kept to be open mode for consolidated drained test (CD test); In addition, in all triaxial compression tests: ambient pressure room water check valve all should be kept to be open mode;
(3) the concrete load operation process of every grade of axle pressure is as follows: the rotating disk (4) rotating a single axle pressure loading system (2), allow height (13) be in the zero-bit with piston (14) level, axle pressure interface (10) is connected with the axle pressure interface (10) simplified on triaxial apparatus, open axle pressure room water check valve (26), read axial displacement dial gauge (22) initial reading, slow rotation can locating turntable (4), mercury (8) is increased highly gradually, until axle pressure test chart (23) reaches required initial axle pressure load size, read axial displacement dial gauge (22) reading, continue to observe axle pressure test chart (23) and axial displacement dial gauge (22), when soil sample is compressed by axle pressure, when causing the height reduction of mercury (8), should rotate can locating turntable (4) increase water (8) height, to compensate the axle pressure of losing thus, to guarantee that process of the test axle pressure keeps constant, axle pressure should every observation in a 1 minute axial displacement dial gauge (22) after reaching and loading size, until when axial displacement dial gauge (22) is unchanged in three observation, the difference of initial reading when now the reading of axial displacement dial gauge (22) and this first order axle pressure apply is axially shears decrement △ h i , △ h i (time unconsolidated undrained test (UU tests), sample elemental height is with the specimen height of sample (35) when starting axial loading h 0 , be then specimen height after consolidation time unconsolidated undrained test (CU test) h c ) ratio be the axial shear strain ε of soil sample under this grade of axial stress i(%).In addition, pore water pressure sensor (36) reading pore water pressure force value now should also should be passed through for unconsolidated undrained test (CU test); Also should read the reading of drainpipe for consolidated drained test (CD test) simultaneously △ V i ;
(4) repeat above-mentioned steps 2 again) apply the second level, the third level ... until axial displacement dial gauge (22) cannot be stablized under certain grade of axle pressure, or when destroying appears in sample (35), or when the axial shear strain of accumulation at different levels reaches 15% ~ 20%, then this grade of axle pressure is the instrument readings value (σ of the destruction deviator stress of soil sample (35) under this grade of ambient pressure 1f-σ 3f) 0, pore water pressure force value is now then that sample is at deviator stress (σ 1f-σ 3f) under pore water pressure u, for the drainpipe reading that consolidated drained test (CD test) now should read, the difference of this value and initial reading is the shearing water discharge of sample (35) △ V i (cm 3);
(5) after off-test, should rotate can locating turntable (4), and mercury (8) in axle pressure loading system (2) is reduced to zero-bit height, and closing axle is to pressure chamber's water check valve, ambient pressure room water check valve.Open water injection hole, the water in pressure release room, remove pressure chamber's cover, wipe the remaining water around dry sample, slough the rubber membrane outside sample, describe shape after destroying, claim sample mass, water percentage after determination test;
(6) to all the other several samples, shear by above-mentioned steps (1) ~ (5) under different ambient pressure.
calculate
(1) consolidation and area when shearing correct
1) for UU test, owing to not having consolidation process, area when shearing by formula (1) corrects:
In formula: a 0------sample starting area (cm 2);
a a------corrected area (cm when sample is sheared 2);
ε i------axial shear strain (%)
Δ h i----- actual measurement sample axially shears decrement
h 0------for sample starting altitude (cm)
2) for CU test, because sample experienced by consolidation process, the area after consolidation corrects and is undertaken by formula (3):
In formula: a c------ area (cm after sample consolidation 2);
v 0------initial volume (the cm of sample 3);
Δv ------consolidation draining amount (the cm of sample (35) 3);
h c------ height (cm) after sample consolidation, h c = h 0 - Δ h c
Δ h c----- actual measurement sample consolidation deflection (cm)
h 0------for sample starting altitude (cm)
For CU test, the area after shearing by formula (4) corrects:
In formula: a a------area (the cm of post-equalization sheared by sample 2);
a c------area (cm after sample consolidation 2);
ε i------axial shear strain (%)
Δ h i----- actual measurement sample axially shears decrement
h c------for sample consolidation complete after height (cm)
3) for CD test, carry out the area after consolidation by above-mentioned formula (3) and correct, the area after shearing by formula (5) corrects:
In formula: a a------area (the cm of post-equalization sheared by sample 2);
h c------for sample consolidation complete after height (cm)
v c------ volume (cm after sample consolidation 3) v c = h c a c
a c------area (cm after sample consolidation 2);
Δ h i----- actual measurement sample axially shears decrement (cm)
Δ V i----- water discharge (cm sheared by actual measurement sample 3)
(2) deviator stress corrected value (σ is destroyed 1f-σ 3f) ask for by formula (6):
(σ 1f -σ 3f) =（σ 1f-σ 3f） 0× A h/ A a(6)
In formula: a h------axle pressure room piston area (cm 2)
(σ 1f-σ 3f) 0------the reading (kPa) of axle pressure room Axial Force test chart when sample destroys
(3) according to 5.1.3 joint and the 5.1.4 joint calculating principal effective stress ratio of triaxial compression test (SL237-017-1999) in earthwork test rule (SL237-1999) and pore pressure parameter bwith a.
mapping
According to the 5.2nd restraining figure of triaxial compression test (SL237-017-1999) in earthwork test rule (SL237-1999), obtain the Shear Strength Index φ of sample according to carried out test u,c uor φ cu,c cuor φ ' ,c '.

Claims (1)

1. a geotechnological triaxial compression test tutoring system, is characterized in that this system comprises 32 easy triaxial apparatus, 32 single axle pressure loading systems and four large ingredients of single-stage ambient pressure loading system three:
1) separate unit (1) of described 32 easy triaxial apparatus is all by the ambient pressure room (17) inserted on triaxial apparatus base (16) and is arranged on the axle pressure room (19) be fixed on the triaxial apparatus support (18) on base (16) top, piston (20), transmission rod (21) and corresponding axial displacement test dial gauge (22), axle pressure test chart (23), ambient pressure test chart (24), axle pressure interface (10), ambient pressure interface (38), pore water buret interface (31), the composition such as pore water pressure sensor (37),
2) each loading system (2) in described 32 axle pressure loading systems is made up of single manual suspension lifting device and single mercury column pressure Force system respectively, and described single manual suspension lifting device is all made up of stator (15), rotating disk (4), fixed pulley (6), plexiglass box (7) and seizing wire (5) etc.; Described single mercury column pressure Force system is all be made up of the plexiglass box (7) that mercury (8) are housed hung on lanyard (9), the plastic water pipe (12) being full of mercury (8), piston (14), the plastic water pipe being full of water (11) and axle pressure interface (10) etc.;
3), outside the every grade of loading system (3) in described four single-stage ambient pressure loading systems dewaters and leans on height (41) should set according to ambient pressure size, all form by being equipped with the water tank (40) of water (39), downcomer (42), horizontal water tube and dress 8 ambient pressure interfaces (43) thereon.
CN201410750710.6A 2014-12-10 2014-12-10 A kind of geotechnological triaxial compression test tutoring system Expired - Fee Related CN104715668B (en)

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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106368202A (en) * 2016-10-28 2017-02-01 长沙理工大学 Load test device and test method thereof
CN108106943A (en) * 2018-01-09 2018-06-01 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 A kind of triaxial compression test instrument
CN113554927A (en) * 2021-07-08 2021-10-26 同济大学 Portable miniature geotechnical triaxial instrument teaching aid

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CN103926394A (en) * 2014-04-30 2014-07-16 山东大学 Three-dimensional visible testing system and method of dynamic water grouting model
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CN86210082U (en) * 1986-12-13 1987-10-07 清华大学 Multi-functional hydraulic three-axis device
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CN106368202A (en) * 2016-10-28 2017-02-01 长沙理工大学 Load test device and test method thereof
CN106368202B (en) * 2016-10-28 2018-11-16 长沙理工大学 A kind of load testing method
CN108106943A (en) * 2018-01-09 2018-06-01 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 A kind of triaxial compression test instrument
CN113554927A (en) * 2021-07-08 2021-10-26 同济大学 Portable miniature geotechnical triaxial instrument teaching aid

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