CN104713997A - Apparatus and method for rapidly detecting solid-state inorganic salts in soil - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for rapidly detecting solid-state inorganic salts in soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN104713997A CN104713997A CN201310690865.0A CN201310690865A CN104713997A CN 104713997 A CN104713997 A CN 104713997A CN 201310690865 A CN201310690865 A CN 201310690865A CN 104713997 A CN104713997 A CN 104713997A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses an apparatus and a method for rapidly detecting solid-state inorganic salts in soil. According to the present invention, a difficultly-volatile concentrated strong acid such as concentrated sulfuric acid and solid-state inorganic salts are subjected to a chemical reaction to produce the corresponding volatile acid, and the corresponding volatile acid is carried by carrier gas and enters a drift tube or is pumped into other detectors such as mass spectrometry or GC through negative pressure so as to carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis; and with use of the method for the measurement of the inorganic salts in the soil, advantages of rapid detecting, convenience, high sensitivity and the like are provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the device and method of solid-solid inorganic salt in a kind of quick detection soil, specifically a kind of dense strong acid such as the concentrated sulphuric acid and solid-solid inorganic salt of difficult volatilization of utilizing carries out chemical reaction, generate volatile respective acids, to be carried by carrier gas or negative pressure suction detecting device carries out a kind of method of qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Background technology
Soil is by the mineral matter of rock decay, animals and plants, the organic matter that the residual body decomposition of microorganism produces, geobiont (solid matter) and moisture (liquid phase substance), air (gaseous substance), the compositions such as the soil ulmin of oxidation.Solid matter comprises soil mineral, organic matter and the microorganism nutriment etc. by obtaining after the antibacterial sterilizing of illumination.Liquid substance mainly refers to soil moisture.Gas is the air be present in soil aperture.In soil, this three classes material constitutes a unity of contradictions body.They interknit, and condition each other, and for crop provides required living condition, are the material bases of soil fertility.In soil, itself, containing some inorganic salts ingredients, mainly comprises silicate mineral, oxide-based mineral, sulfide and phosphoric acid salt mineral under normal circumstances.But due to the activity of the mankind, can to adding some other inorganic salts ingredients in soil, bring in the fertilizer of Prof. Du Yucang and life the behavior of firecracker of setting off fireworks can leave the inorganic oxidizer such as nitrate and chlorate in soil as people can give in soil to Crops in Applying Fertilizer in cultivation process, in the explosion accident and for example occurred in the recent period, also can leave nitrate or Chlorates inorganic oxidizer in soil.The inorganic salts material detected in soil can for evaluating the quality of soil and providing foundation to the analysis of causes of the explosion accident of some burst.The present invention is just relating to the detection method of the inorganic salts in a kind of so quick, easy detection soil.
Summary of the invention
The device and method of solid-solid inorganic salt in a kind of quick detection soil.This method utilizes the dense strong acid of difficult volatilization to carry out chemical reaction as the concentrated sulphuric acid and solid-solid inorganic salt, generates volatile respective acids, carried by carrier gas or negative pressure suction detecting device as migration tube or mass spectrum also or GC carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The device of solid-solid inorganic salt in a kind of quick detection soil, the sample hose of this device is sealed by the grinding port plug containing micropore dropper, be a rubber sealing boot that can drip dense strong acid above dropper, soil is placed in bottom sample hose, carries reaction product enter detecting device by clean carrier gas; Carrier gas inlet and outlet are with can valve A, the valve B of break-make, and when adding dense strong acid, two valves are in closed condition, after 0.5-30min, open two valves, the product that reaction produces is carried by carrier gas or enters in detecting device due to negative pressure, detectedly draws signal; Also or two valves are in opening state always, and after dripping dense strong acid, reaction product is directly carried by carrier gas and entered in detecting device.
The material of sample hose comprises glass or quartz ampoule.
The micropore of dropper is positioned at 1-2mm place, top, bottom, and the size of micropore is <1mm.
Described dense strong acid comprise in the >98% concentrated sulphuric acid, dense perchloric acid, strong phosphoric acid one or more.
Described detecting device is ion mobility spectrometry, mass spectrum or gas chromatography.
Hold in a reservoir by the soil containing inorganic salts, toward wherein adding the dense strong acid of the difficult volatility of 0.1 to 5mL, the volatile products that reaction produces are carried by carrier gas and enter or carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis in negative pressure suction detecting device.
Inorganic salts in soil comprise one or two or more kinds in hydrochloride, nitrate, chlorate, phosphate inorganic salt.
The reaction conditions of the solid-solid inorganic salt in soil and dense strong acid be normal temperature or heating also or pressurization decompression.
The detection technique mentioned in described method comprises one in ion mobility spectrometry, mass spectrum and gas chromatography or two or more.
The soil mentioned in described method comprises in swath, building ground, often contact in various life in field soil.
In the pedotheque taked appointed place, bulk gravel dries after carrying out filtration treatment to the air being carried soil surface by carrier gas almost no signal, and then sealing bag or glassware install for subsequent use.
Take a small amount of soil as 10g, and then take small-scale inorganic salt such as potassium nitrate or potash chlorate such as 0.005g and be mixed in soil, namely obtain the soil inorganic salt mixture of standard after mixing, now magnitude is ppm.
Take a small amount of pedotheque such as 0.05g and be placed in sample bottle, carrier gas stream from top to bottom purges the air of soil surface, and then carrier gas is carried and entered ion mobility spectrometry or the detecting device such as negative pressure suction mass spectrum or GC, draws background signal.
The Vavle switching at carrier gas two ends is closed, utilizing the micropore in ground dropper that a small amount of dense strong acid is about 0.5mL drips in soil, open the valve at two ends after reaction a period of time simultaneously, the product that reaction produces is carried and enters detecting device, carry out detection and draw corresponding signal, wherein reaction time and condition are determined by actual needs.
By a small amount of dense strong acid as 0.5mL drips in clean sample bottle, carrier gas purge carries, and some gaseous materials of dense strong acid can be carried by carrier gas or in negative pressure suction detecting device, and then the detected background signal obtaining dense strong acid.
Compare according to product signal peak and background spectrogram or carry out qualitative analysis according to mass spectrogram, and carrying out quantitative test according to peak intensity or peak area.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows:
1., compared with the method measuring the inorganic salts in soil with traditional measurement, different detecting devices can be selected according to actual needs; If use ion mobility spectrometry as detecting device, utilize this device can realize in-situ study quickly and easily; There is no complicated sample pre-treatments test; The operating cost of instrument is very low, and consumables are little.
2. this measuring method is easy, quick, good reliability.Do not have the sample pre-treatments of Special complex, detectability can reach ng or μ g rank in optimal conditions.
3. use based on reality and need, ion mobility spectrometry is powerful according to the concentration of different inorganic salts, can arrange alarm mode with data processing software that is GC, can easily be applied to on-the-spot quick detection.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The installation drawing of the inorganic salts in Fig. 1 soil;
Wherein, 1 be rubber sealing boot, 2 be grinding port plug, 3 be dropper, 4 be dense strong acid, 5 be soil, 6 be micropore, 7 be sample hose, 8 be valve A, 9 be clean carrier gas, 10 be valve B, 11 be reaction product, 12 for detecting device.
The schematic diagram of device of Fig. 2 ion mobility spectrometry;
Wherein, 13 be sample air intake opening, 14 be gas outlet, 15 be migration tube, 16 be drift gas air intake opening, 17 for Signal reception and detection system, 18 be high voltage supply system.
Under Fig. 3 negative ion mode, in reaction reagent quasi-molecular ions (RIP) (a), soil (b), the concentrated sulphuric acid (c) and soil, add the background migration spectrogram of the concentrated sulphuric acid (d);
Under Fig. 4 negative ion mode, the Ion transfer spectrogram of potassium nitrate (e), potash chlorate (f) reference material;
The migration spectrogram that potassium nitrate (g) is measured afterwards with potash chlorate (h) is added respectively in Fig. 5 soil;
Fig. 6 has seted off the Ion transfer spectrogram that the Soil Utilization the present invention measurement near fireworks obtains.
Embodiment
The invention provides the method for inorganic salts in a kind of quick detection soil, dense strong acid such as the concentrated sulphuric acid and the solid-solid inorganic salt of difficult volatilization is utilized to carry out chemical reaction, generate corresponding volatile acid, being carried by carrier gas and enter migration tube or other detecting devices of negative pressure suction such as mass spectrum or GC carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis, is that detecting device Binding experiment installation drawing is described below with ion mobility spectrometry.
The apparatus structure schematic diagram related in the present invention as shown in Figure 1, chief component and operating process comprise: sample hose 7 is sealed by the grinding port plug 2 of the dropper 3 containing micropore 6, it is a rubber sealing boot 1 that can realize dense strong acid 4 and drip above dropper, soil 5 is placed in bottom sample hose, carries reaction product 11 enter detecting device 12 by clean carrier gas 9; Carrier gas inlet and outlet are with can the valve A8 of break-make and valve B10, and when adding dense strong acid, two valves are in closed condition, after 0.5-30min, open two valves, and the product that reaction produces is carried by carrier gas 9 and enters in migration spectrum, detectedly draw signal.Or two valves are in opening state always, after dense strong acid drips, reaction product is carried by carrier gas and is entered detecting device and detect.
Ionic migration spectrometer adopts traditional uniform field migration spectrum, and its structural representation is as Fig. 2.This instrument mainly comprises following components: carrier gas and sample air intake opening 13, gas outlet 14, migration tube 15, drift gas air intake opening 16, Signal reception and detection system 17, high voltage supply system 18.
Sampling and measuring process are:
In the pedotheque taked appointed place, bulk gravel dries after carrying out filtration treatment to the air being carried soil surface by carrier gas almost no signal, and then sealing bag or glassware install for subsequent use.
Take a small amount of soil and be about 10g, and then the inorganic salts such as potassium nitrate or the potash chlorate that take about 0.005g are mixed in soil, namely obtain the soil inorganic salt mixture of standard after mixing, magnitude is ppm.
Take a small amount of soil to be about 0.05g and to be placed in sample bottle, carrier gas stream from top to bottom purges the air of soil surface, and then carrier gas is carried and entered ion mobility spectrometry, draws background signal.
The Vavle switching at carrier gas two ends is closed, utilizes micropore in ground dropper that a small amount of dense strong acid is about 0.5mL and drip in soil, after 0.5-30min, open the valve at two ends simultaneously, the product that reaction produces is carried and enters ion mobility spectrometry, carry out detection and draw corresponding signal.
A small amount of dense strong acid is about 0.5mL drip in clean sample bottle, carrier gas purge carries, and some gaseous materials of dense strong acid can be carried by carrier gas and enter ion mobility spectrometry, and then the detected background signal obtaining dense strong acid.
Finally, qualitative and quantitative analysis is carried out according to the transit time of the quasi-molecular ions of different material and signal intensity.
Fig. 3-6 give some experiment spectrograms to the present invention give with explanation.The experiment condition of these spectrograms is: measure under negative ion mode, migration tube temperature remains on 90 DEG C, reaction in sample bottle is carried out all at normal temperatures and pressures, and be and react instantaneously, drift gas, carrier gas are the pressurized air after drying system dry decontamination, carrier gas and drift gas velocity are respectively 400 and 600mL/min, and can change both flows time if necessary, the soil used in experiment is the soil in flower nursery.
Embodiment 1
According to above-mentioned embodiment, divide and obtain the Background dripping the concentrated sulphuric acid in air background, Soil Background, concentrated sulphuric acid background and soil, as shown in Figure 3.The transit time of RIP peak (a) under negative ion mode is 7.60ms, Soil Background (b) after drying does not have the peak of other unnecessary materials except RIP peak, the background (c) of the concentrated sulphuric acid also has two peaks at 7.08ms and 7.92ms place except RIP peak, and it may be the peak relevant with sulfocompound.When dripping the concentrated sulphuric acid in soil (d), except the peak of the concentrated sulphuric acid and RIP, there is a peak at 8.48ms place; In experiment, we obtain the Ion transfer spectrogram of the standard substance of nitrate (e) and chlorate (f), as shown in Figure 4.The mark peak of potassium nitrate and potash chlorate is respectively at 8.48ms and 9.24ms place, and the peak therefore dripping the 8.48ms place that the concentrated sulphuric acid produces in soil may be the peak of nitrate.
Embodiment 2
According to above-mentioned embodiment, measure in soil the potpourri after adding potassium nitrate and potash chlorate solid respectively.
Fig. 5 contains the migration spectrogram corresponding to the pedotheque of 500ppm potassium nitrate (g) and potash chlorate (h) solid for 0.05g.After dripping the concentrated sulphuric acid, the quasi-molecular ions peak position that both produce is respectively at 8.48ms and 9.24ms place, and be consistent with standard spectrogram, the reaction of the concentrated sulphuric acid and potassium nitrate and potash chlorate is as follows:
H
2SO
4+2KNO
3=K
2SO
4+2HNO
3
KClO
3+H
2SO
4=KHSO
4+HClO
3
Embodiment 3
On-the site analysis is carried out according to above-mentioned embodiment.
Fig. 6 is the test spectrogram of the soil seted off near fireworks.From figure, show that the quasi-molecular ions near 8.48ms is very strong, be judged as nitrate from transit time, show that the inorganic oxidizer used in fireworks is nitrate.The invention of this result can be used in original position on-the site analysis.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is detected the device of solid-solid inorganic salt in soil fast, it is characterized in that: the sample hose (7) of this device is sealed by the grinding port plug (2) containing micropore (6) dropper (3), it is a rubber sealing boot (1) that can drip dense strong acid (4) above dropper, soil (5) is placed in bottom sample hose, carries reaction product (11) enter detecting device (12) by clean carrier gas (9); Carrier gas inlet and outlet are with can the valve A(8 of break-make), valve B(10), when adding dense strong acid, two valves are in closed condition, after 0.5-30min, open two valves, the product that reaction produces is carried by carrier gas (9) or enters in detecting device due to negative pressure, is detected and draws signal; Also or two valves are in opening state always, and after dripping dense strong acid, reaction product is directly carried by carrier gas and entered in detecting device.
2. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material of sample hose comprises glass or quartz ampoule.
3. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the micropore of dropper (3) is positioned at 1-2mm place, top, bottom, and the size of micropore is <1mm.
4. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described dense strong acid comprise in the >98% concentrated sulphuric acid, dense perchloric acid, strong phosphoric acid one or more.
5. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described detecting device is ion mobility spectrometry, mass spectrum or gas chromatography.
6. the method for the device of inorganic salts in a kind of quick detection soil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Hold in a reservoir by the soil containing inorganic salts, toward wherein adding the dense strong acid of the difficult volatility of 0.1 to 5mL, the volatile products that reaction produces are carried by carrier gas and enter or carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis in negative pressure suction detecting device.
7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that:
Inorganic salts in soil comprise one or two or more kinds in hydrochloride, nitrate, chlorate, phosphate inorganic salt.
8. the method according to claim 6 or 7, is characterized in that:
The reaction conditions of the solid-solid inorganic salt in soil and dense strong acid be normal temperature or heating also or pressurization decompression.
9. the method according to claim 6 or 7, is characterized in that: the detection technique mentioned in described method comprises one in ion mobility spectrometry, mass spectrum and gas chromatography or two or more.
10. the method according to claim 6 or 7, is characterized in that: the soil mentioned in described method comprises in swath, building ground, often contact in various life in field soil.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN106841374A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2017-06-13 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | The device of inorganic salts ingredients and application in a kind of on-line analysis cigarette ash |
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| CN109900777A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-18 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of device of fast on-line analyzing material combustion product gas ingredient and application |
| CN110274800A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-09-24 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | A kind of soil incubation device and soil incubation and gas production method based on the device |
| CN114242558A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-25 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Pulse purging negative-pressure pyrolysis sample suction method for ion mobility spectrometry and sample injector |
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| CN114242558A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-25 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Pulse purging negative-pressure pyrolysis sample suction method for ion mobility spectrometry and sample injector |
| CN114242558B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-11-14 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Ion mobility spectrometry pulse purging negative pressure thermal desorption sample injector and sample injection method |
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Application publication date: 20150617 |