CN104707732A - Device and method for eliminating haze using charged particles - Google Patents
Device and method for eliminating haze using charged particles Download PDFInfo
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- CN104707732A CN104707732A CN201510073681.9A CN201510073681A CN104707732A CN 104707732 A CN104707732 A CN 104707732A CN 201510073681 A CN201510073681 A CN 201510073681A CN 104707732 A CN104707732 A CN 104707732A
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and method for eliminating haze using charged particles. The method comprises the following steps: a meteorological data station collects meteorological data in a haze region in a real-time manner and transmits the collected meteorological data to an operation room; operators in the operation room analyze the meteorological data, calculate the running power required by a charged particle generating device, determine the output power of an energy supply system, and give out an operation instruction and deliver the operation instruction to a control system; the control system adjusts the output power of the energy supply system according to the operation instruction; the energy supply system supplies energy to the charged particle generating device; the charged particle generating device receives the energy, carries out corona discharge, and releases charged particles; the charged particles enter a haze area and eliminate the haze. The device and method provided by the invention can remove all kinds of pollutant particles in the air, have good dust removing effects on all sizes of particles, and can effectively eliminate the haze.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method and apparatus of a kind of novel fog dispersal except haze, be specifically related to charged particle fog dispersal and remove the method for haze and relevant electric discharge device.
Background technology
In recent years, along with developing rapidly of society, industry agricultural and house refuse discharge get more and more, these pollutants not only comprise solid pollutant, also have a large amount of atmosphere pollution, as steel mill heat power station the waste gas etc. that emits. these atmosphere pollutions create very large harm to environment.The main component of these atmosphere pollutions has dusty gas and pollutes suspended particulate etc., and especially suspended particulate, not only affects atmospheric environment, makes troubles, as nearest each metropolitan haze problem more to the normal life of people.Current haze impact has caused each side to pay attention to, so it is more and more important to seek particulate pollutant method and technology in a kind of removing air.
The dedusting technology of current China is full-fledged, and cleaner can be divided into five classes according to dust-cleaning principle: (1) mechanical force cleaner; (2) washing type cleaner; (3) filtering type cleaner; (4) electrostatic dust collection equipment; (5) magnetic dust removal equipment.Wherein the efficiency of dust collection of mechanical force cleaner is lower, and can only be separated larger particle (grain diameter is greater than 10um); Washing type cleaner volume is comparatively large, and dust collection capacity is low, and water consumption is many, is used for processing the comparatively large and flue gas that concentration is higher of suspended particulate particle diameter.Poor to the gas treatment effect containing trickle suspended contaminant; The operation and maintenance cost of filtering type cleaner is higher, needs often to change filter bag; Magnetic dust removal runs more stable, but its shortcoming is can only except the dust of particular types.
The operation principle of electrostatic dust collection equipment is when the gas containing particulate pollutant is by being connected to the high voltage electric field between the cathode line of high-voltage DC power supply and the positive plate of ground connection, cathodic electricity corona makes gas be ionized, bring the pole plate motion on the sunny side under electric field force effect of the gas ion of negative electrical charge, in motion process, these bring the gas ion of negative electrical charge and contaminant particle to collide, make negative electrical charge on these particle bands, pole plate motion on the sunny side under electric field force effect after suspended contaminant is charged, finally be deposited on positive plate, reach the object of Purge gas.The purification efficiency of electrostatic dust collection equipment is higher, but equipment is more complicated, and the installation of equipment and maintenance cost etc. are higher, and dust removing effects is larger by gas temperature humidity effect.
As mentioned above, all there is similar weak point in existing air dedusting technology: or efficiency of dust collection is not high, cannot eliminate nearly all contaminant particle, or need higher installation and operation maintenance cost.These factors all cause dust arrester to accomplish high efficiency.Simplify.Low cost.The popularity of cleaner is very limited.Air dust removal problem is more and more severeer, is badly in need of seeking a kind of novel dust collection method and solves this problem.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned defect of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that effectively can remove pollutants in air particle with lower cost.It can solve, and existing cleaner efficiency is low, and cost is high, promotes the problems such as difficult.
Electric charge fog dispersal is except the principle of haze: in air, natural ionization phenomena is ubiquitous.Air Middle molecule becomes ion pair due to radiation dissociation, and these radiation are mainly derived from galactic cosmic rays, the gamma rays on radon isotope emitting radiation and earth's surface.These ions seldom can independently be present in air, and the overwhelming majority is centered by this ion, assemble some hydrones around.
Nucleation process refers to two or more molecule, and one of them is hydrone, mixes formation suspended particulate.Evidence suggests that cosmic ray ionisation effect can be lowered into nuclear barrier at present, thus assembled the small suspension of formation.Some suspensions wherein become the nuclei of condensation in cloud.Nucleation process has following 4 kinds of mechanism in theory:
Bimolecular nucleation: hydrone and another molecular reaction nucleation.As ammonium radical ion, salt acid molecule, nitric acid molecule etc.
Three molecule nucleation: hydrone and another two molecular reaction nucleation, can be organic molecule, also can be inorganic molecule.
Ion induction nucleation: hydrone reacts jointly with another organic or inorganic molecule and an ion.
Why ion-select electrode nucleation: hydrone and another two or more charged organic or inorganic molecule react, be called as ion-select electrode nucleation and become core molecule to be before the reaction by electric charge on ion band due to these.
Suspended particulates, once be formed, will continue to increase by following several process:
Cohesion: liquid hydrone attachment is gathered on suspended particulates thus particulate increases.
Condensation: hydrone becomes liquid state from gaseous state and condenses on suspended particulates, and releases heat.The condensation of suspended particulates hydrone and increasing, all increases of diameter and quality.It should be noted that charged suspended particulates more easily attract hydrone to condense, this is because polar molecule more easily condenses on electrical body than uncharged suspended particulates.Simulation result shows, and the condensation growth rate of charged particle compares height at least two magnitudes of not charged particle.
Absorb: after in cloud, water droplet contacts with suspended particulate, suspended particulate is absorbed by water droplet, if these suspended particulates are charged, so these electric charges will be transferred on water droplet, and these charged water droplets are by easier suction band aerosol.
Electrostatic attraction: when the water of in cloud drips the border touching cloud and air, this water droplet generally can evaporate, and electric charge on water droplet is by the core that is transferred to this water droplet and this water droplet absorbs before molecule.These electric charges can cause image charge in other water droplets thus the core making this charged will more easily absorb by water droplet.Even if the electric charge entrained by this water droplet is identical with the charge polarity entrained by core, image charge still will improve absorbed probability greatly.Although over long distances with there being certain repulsion between electric charge, the natural flow of gas will promote diameter 0.Granule between 1um-1um is near water droplet, and thus, the electric charge entrained by this particle will impel them to assemble mutually with the mutual attractive force between its image charge on water droplet.
Touch also: this mechanism is applicable to the large water droplet in air, drop in the process on ground at these large water droplets, can touch also other water droplet in some.Fast than little water droplet of the sinking speed of large water droplet.So can collide with little water droplet in the descent of large water droplet.Even if but little water droplet is on the descent path of large water droplet, the land air pressure that causes of large water droplet still can cause little water droplet to walk around large water droplet not colliding.This is just as most small insect all can not knock a truck, and the air pressure that when truck is advanced, promotion air produces will, small insect to pushing open, make these small insects to knock truck.It is worth mentioning that, if 50 elementary charges on suspended particulates band, the collision efficiency so between suspended particulate and water droplet is by raising 30 times.This may be that it will cause image charge on the water droplet of landing, thus more easily touches also because after electric charge enough on suspended particulates band.
Compare neutral uncharged molecular cluster, charged molecular cluster more easily attracts ambient air molecule, and will rise to certain size at faster speed.These charged molecules bunch derive from evaporation and the cohesion of hydrone, once nucleation, these charged molecules bunch will be more stable.Simulation result shows, if ionization rate improves 25%, then in nucleation after 8 hours, the concentration of the particle of particle size within the scope of 3-10nm will raise 7-9%.
Therefore, galactic cosmic rays ionization can cause following three effects: 1) increase the condensation rate of suspended particulates, 2) reduce the nucleation barrier of suspended particulates, 3) water droplet absorbs other particles in cloud.Galactic cosmic rays reduces nucleation barrier, makes ion be attached on small water molecule bunch, is formed " micro-ion ", thus impel charged particle to increase.These charged particles have very large may rise to 100nm size, and this has exceeded the standard of cloud condensation nucl.Also there are some researches show charged suspended particulates will more easily by water droplet in cloud to absorbing, particulate left after these water-drop evaporations more easily will become the ice crystal nuclei of condensation.
In addition, the ion positive and negative charge that galactic cosmic rays produces not is equivalent, and the quantity of charged particle can be greatly reduced due to reassembling of negative ions. and radioactive source to ionize the ion produced positive and negative be balance, the ion that most this ionization produces can lose because of interionic recombining.
On the other hand, the ion that corona discharge produces is unipolar, and therefore these ions will repel and can not be in conjunction with mutually. this just makes these ions all to sow in air, or nucleation forms suspended particulates, or be attached on existing suspended particulates, make this charge particles.
Finally, corona discharge ionization has been proved to be has hygroscopicity, and this point will promote that ion and water droplet form charged suspended particulate further.
Generally speaking, naturally there is ionization process and can cause following effect:
A. be lowered into nuclear barrier, cohesion forms a large amount of suspended particulates.
B. suspended particulates are made more easily to increase. mechanism is described above.
C. reach by the gathering of suspended particulates and water droplet the object purified air.
Therefore, according to above-mentioned principle, the invention provides the fog dispersal of a kind of charged particle except the device of haze, comprise meteorological data station, operating room, control system, energy supply system and charged particle generating means,
Operating room is connected by transmission line with control system, and control system is connected by transmission line with energy supply system, and energy supply system is connected by high-tension cable with charged particle generating means.
The meteorological data of real-time collecting locality, meteorological data station, can be directly obtain data by the weather station of locality, or providing local meteorological data by special satellite. meteorological data comprises the humiture of local air, the concentration of particulate in air, real-time weather condition etc. the data obtained are transferred to operating room by meteorological data standing-meeting, the meteorological data that operating room is obtained in internal analysis by special staff, and calculate thus under these atmospheric conditions, this is operating band charged particle generating means how, determine whether use the function how using this device. as atmospheric condition is poor, contaminant particle concentration is higher, then can improve the operate power of charged particle generating means, make it cleaning atmospheric pollution faster.This some work can realize automation and remote control in the later stage, saves human cost.
The operational order of making after being analyzed by operating room is conveyed to control system.Namely the task of control system operates device and energy supplying system thereof according to this instruction, as opened or closed energy supply system, and regulation output power etc.;
Energy supply system is then the part providing high voltage electric energy to charged particle generating means;
Charged particle generating means accepts the energy that energy supply system provides, and the part of charge releasing belt charged particle, and mainly corona discharge.This partial function realizes by various ways, as HVDC ionization method, and electronic beam method etc.
Further, energy supply system is high voltage power supply, continuously adjustabe in 3kV-50kV, and possesses certain self-protection function, and as overcurrent protection etc., assurance device can run continually and steadily.
Further, charged particle generating means is made up of the emission electrode of the framework insulated and conduction, and emission electrode forms according to framework coiling, and emission electrode is connected with energy supply system by high-tension cable.
Further, the framework of installing electrodes can be circular or square, and framework is provided with aperture or installing ring, and emission electrode is wound on framework through the aperture on framework or mounting circular ring.
Further, emission electrode can be steel wire, steel wire turns to shape parallel to each other successively through the aperture on framework or installing ring, steel wire diameter is between 0.3mm to 1mm, steel wire interval, between 2.5cm to 20cm, causes the electric charge efficiency of launching to decline to some extent this is because the electric field that emission electrode produces can interact; If the distance is too far, and the transmitting electric charge power reduction under unit are, causes device effect to reduce.
Further, the charged particle that charged particle generating means produces can be dispelled to haze region with blower fan, the diffusion of charged particle can be accelerated like this.Charged particle generating means can frame above blower fan, charged particle, from the air supply at the bottom of charged particle generating means, is upwards blown into haze district by blower fan.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of charged particle to disperse fog except the method for haze, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the meteorological data in real-time collecting haze area, meteorological data station, and the meteorological data obtained is transferred to operating room;
Step 2: meteorological data analyzed by operating room, calculates the operate power needed for charged particle generating means, determines the power output of energy supply system, make operational order and be conveyed to control system;
Step 3: control system regulates according to the power output of operational order to energy supply system;
Step 4: energy supply system provides energy for charged particle generating means;
Step 5: charged particle generating means accepts energy, corona discharge, and discharges charged particle;
Step 6: charged particle is pressed at horizontal zone
formula spreads, and presses formula in vertical area
Diffusion, wherein with described charged particle generating means position for initial point sets up coordinate system, q (x, 0, z) represent any point (x in coordinate system, 0, charge density z), q (x, y, 0) charge density of (x, y, 0) in coordinate system is represented, C
zrepresent the diffusion coefficient of vertical direction, σ
x, σ
yfor the diffusion coefficient of horizontal direction, Q is electric charge rate of release, and u is mean wind speed, and n is variability index (0<n<1), u is mean wind speed;
Step 6: charged particle enters haze district, carries out fog dispersal except haze.
The present invention is by charged particle generating means, produce corona discharge, nuclear barrier can be lowered into, cohesion forms a large amount of suspended particulates, suspended particulates are more easily increased, reach by the gathering of suspended particulates and water droplet the object purified air, and corona discharge ionization has been proved to be and has hygroscopicity, this will promote that ion and water droplet form charged suspended particulate further.The present invention has higher efficiency relative to traditional dedusting method, because charged particle dedusting non-selectivity, all kinds of contaminant particle in air can be removed, and to the particle of each particle size, all there is good dust removing effects, effectively can fall mist except haze, Detailed Experimental data and effect are shown in embodiment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that charged particle of the present invention is except haze schematic flow sheet;
Fig. 2 is a kind of embodiment of charged particle of the present invention except haze device;
Fig. 3 is the top view of charged particle generating means in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that the one between emission electrode of the present invention and framework installs embodiment;
Fig. 5 is that the another kind between emission electrode of the present invention and framework installs embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the experiment effect figure of the embodiment of the present invention.
In accompanying drawing, 1 is operating room; 2 is working power; 3 is high voltage power supply; 4 is high-tension cable; 5 is charged particle generating means; 6 is air channel; 7 is blower fan; 8 is support.
Detailed description of the invention
Be described below in detail embodiments of the invention, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or has element that is identical or similar functions from start to finish.Being exemplary below by the embodiment be described with reference to the drawings, only for explaining the present invention, and can not limitation of the present invention being interpreted as.
Although illustrate and describe embodiments of the invention, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: can carry out multiple change, amendment, replacement and modification to these embodiments when not departing from principle of the present invention and aim, scope of the present invention is by claim and equivalents thereof.
As shown in Figure 2, when needs carry out except haze operation, the meteorological data in real-time collecting haze area, meteorological data station is (unlisted, can be provided by local meteorological department), and the meteorological data obtained is transferred to operating room 1, operating room 1 accepts the meteorological data from meteorological data station, can accept meteorological data by operating personnel at this and carry out analyzing laggard line operate, also can configure automatic analysis operating system; High voltage power supply 3 comprises control system and high voltage source, when operating room 1 calculates the operate power needed for charged particle generating means, after determining the power output of high voltage source, make operational order and be conveyed to control system, after control system receives the instruction of operating desk 1, high voltage direct current is conducted to charged particle generating means 5 place by high-tension cable 4 by high voltage source, and charged particle generating means 5 starts corona discharge, and namely charge releasing belt charged particle is carried out except haze process.
Charged particle generating means 5 is by the exit of frame in air channel 6 (being made up of insulating materials), the lower end in air channel 6 is blower fan 7, and the effect of blower fan 7 is to up-draught, makes charged particle diffuse in air through air channel, blower fan 7 is supported by support 8, and blower fan 7 is powered by working power 2.
High voltage power supply 3 should ensure voltage continuously adjustabe in 3kV-50kV.And possess certain self-protection function, as overcurrent protection etc., assurance device can run continually and steadily, and energy supply system can provide electric energy by civil power.
In charged particle generating means 5, insulated part is framework, and frame structure can be circular or other shapes, and this example is for circular frame, and framework can the selection of material be epoxy plate or the good material of other insulating properties; Current-carrying part is emission electrode, can adopt finer wire, and wire quality is 304 steel, and steel wire diameter is between 0.3mm-1mm.On steel wire after logical HVDC, due to corona effect, steel wire ambient atmosphere is ionized, generating strap charged particle.As shown in Figure 3, steel wire is parallel round coiling on circular frame, and after being mounted with, steel wire interval is between 2.5-20cm, and conducting mutually each other, high-tension cable 4 is directly connected with steel wire.
Insulating frame is beaten fixing aperture as shown in Figure 4, emission electrode is by carrying out assembling and fixing through fixing aperture.
As shown in Figure 5 Insulating frame installs clamping rings, emission electrode is by carrying out assembling and fixing through clamping rings.
As Fig. 6, this device is used to work under contaminated environment 30 minutes, atmospheric environment around device is carried out to the detection of PM2.5, can find, before device is opened, air PM2.5 value is up to nearly 400, after opening device, PM2.5 declines rapidly, after 30 minutes, PM2.5 is down to about 100, and this device has very good dust removing effects as can be seen here.
The skyborne disperse state of charged particle:
According to sutton diffusion model, calculate a ground installation in vertical section sphere of action.Consider that charge recombination is lost:
sutton diffusion model correction formula is:
With the position at charged particle generating means place for initial point, set up coordinate system, wherein q (x, 0, z) represent any point (x in coordinate, 0, z) charge density, Cz represents the diffusion coefficient of vertical direction, and constant Q is electric charge rate of release, u is mean wind speed, and n is variability index (0<n<1).The nominal discharge power getting a ground installation is 10Kw, and vertical ascending air is 0.1m/s, and as calculated, ground installation vertical direction 1km place charge density can reach 10
5/ cm
3, so this ground installation release charge effect height is more than 1km.
Calculate the horizontal profile sphere of action of ground installation according to Gauss diffusion model, calculated charge recombination losses, Gauss diffusion model correction formula is:
with the position at charged particle generating means place for initial point, set up coordinate system, wherein q (x, y, 0) represents the charge density of (x, y, 0) in coordinate, and Q is that electric charge discharges speed, σ
x, σ
yfor diffusion coefficient, u is mean wind speed.The nominal discharge power getting a ground installation is 10Kw, and horizontal mean air flow is 3.7m/s, and radial employing Briggs diffusion coefficient, as calculated, ground installation downwind 20km place charge density can reach 10
5/ cm
3, radial 3.6km place charge density can reach 10
5/ cm
3, sphere of action ovalisation shape.
Claims (9)
1. a charged particle disperses fog except the device of haze, it is characterized in that, described device comprises meteorological data station, operating room, control system, energy supply system and charged particle generating means, described operating room is connected by transmission line with control system, described control system is connected by transmission line with described energy supply system, and described energy supply system is connected by high-tension cable with described charged particle generating means.
2. according to the device described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described device also comprises blower fan, dispels to haze region for the charged particle produced by described charged particle generating means.
3. according to the device described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described charged particle generating means frame is above described blower fan, and charged particle, from the air supply at the bottom of described charged particle generating means, is blown into haze district by described blower fan.
4. according to the device described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described charged particle generating means is made up of the emission electrode of the framework insulated and conduction, and described emission electrode forms according to framework coiling.
5. according to the device described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described framework is circular or square, and described framework is provided with aperture or mounting circular ring, and described emission electrode through the aperture on described framework or installing ring coiling on said frame.
6. according to the device described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described emission electrode is steel wire, and described steel wire turns to shape parallel to each other successively through the aperture on described framework or installing ring.
7. according to the device described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described steel wire diameter is between 0.3mm to 1mm, and described steel wire interval is between 2.5cm to 20cm.
8. according to the device described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described energy supply system is high voltage power supply, continuously adjustabe in 3kV-50kV.
9. use device according to any one of claim 1 to 8 to carry out the method dispersed fog except haze, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: the meteorological data in real-time collecting haze area, meteorological data station, and the meteorological data obtained is transferred to operating room;
Step 2: meteorological data analyzed by operating room, calculates the operate power needed for charged particle generating means, determines the power output of energy supply system, make operational order and be conveyed to control system;
Step 3: control system regulates according to the power output of operational order to energy supply system;
Step 4: energy supply system provides energy for charged particle generating means;
Step 5: charged particle generating means accepts energy, corona discharge, and discharges charged particle;
Step 6: charged particle is pressed at horizontal zone
Formula spreads, and presses formula in vertical area
Diffusion, wherein with described charged particle generating means position for initial point sets up coordinate system, q (x, 0, z) represent any point (x in coordinate system, 0, charge density z), q (x, y, 0) charge density of (x, y, 0) in coordinate system is represented, C
zrepresent the diffusion coefficient of vertical direction, σ
x, σ
yfor the diffusion coefficient of horizontal direction, Q is electric charge rate of release, and u is mean wind speed, and n is variability index (0<n<1), u is mean wind speed;
Step 7: charged particle enters haze district, carries out fog dispersal except haze.
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Inventor after: Liu Dawei Inventor after: Lu Xinpei Inventor after: Tan Xiao Inventor after: Qiu Yunhao Inventor after: Yang Yong Inventor after: Pan Yuan Inventor before: Lu Xinpei Inventor before: Tan Xiao Inventor before: Qiu Yunhao Inventor before: Yang Yong Inventor before: Liu Dawei Inventor before: Pan Yuan |
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