CN104700905B - One kind carries boron monolithic devices and discrete type combination burnable poison fuel assembly - Google Patents

One kind carries boron monolithic devices and discrete type combination burnable poison fuel assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104700905B
CN104700905B CN201510086638.6A CN201510086638A CN104700905B CN 104700905 B CN104700905 B CN 104700905B CN 201510086638 A CN201510086638 A CN 201510086638A CN 104700905 B CN104700905 B CN 104700905B
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China
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burnable poison
boron
discrete type
poison
rod
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CN104700905A (en
Inventor
毕光文
汤春桃
李继威
丁阳
杨波
周勤
朱丽兵
刘婵云
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Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co Ltd
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Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21CNUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/02Fuel elements
    • G21C3/04Constructional details
    • G21C3/16Details of the construction within the casing
    • G21C3/18Internal spacers or other non-active material within the casing, e.g. compensating for expansion of fuel rods or for compensating excess reactivity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21CNUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/02Fuel elements
    • G21C3/04Constructional details
    • G21C3/16Details of the construction within the casing
    • G21C3/20Details of the construction within the casing with coating on fuel or on inside of casing; with non-active interlayer between casing and active material with multiple casings or multiple active layers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30Nuclear fission reactors

Abstract

The invention discloses one kind to carry boron monolithic devices and discrete type combination burnable poison fuel assembly, the fuel assembly includes pellet surface coated with the monolithic devices burnable poison fuel rod for carrying boron burnable poison and carries boron discrete type burnable poison rod, may also include the fuel rod of no burnable poison.The composite combustible poison core block of the discrete type burnable poison material selection boracic;Metal oxide such as Al can be selected in its matrix phase2O3, or alloy such as Zr 2, Zr 4;Disperse phase is boride, such as B4C、ZrB2, BN etc..The burnable poison fuel assembly of the present invention can for a long time, smoothly suppress reactive in as far as possible low level, while residual reactivity punishment is minimized, solve the constraint that long period is reloaded, low soluble boron reactor core, load plutonium fuel are arranged to the demand and control rod operation control model of reactor core reactivity control to burnable poison.

Description

One kind carries boron monolithic devices and discrete type combination burnable poison fuel assembly
Technical field
The invention belongs to presurized water reactor burnable poison fuel area, and in particular to one kind carries boron monolithic devices and discrete type combination can Fire poisonous substance fuel assembly.
Background technology
PWR fuel assembly is generally (logical according to certain geometrical rule by more fuel rods and guide pipe, gauge pipe Often it is square, hexagon) rearrange.In order to illustrate, Fig. 1 shows PWR Fuel of the grid by 15 × 15 arrangements Component, it is made up of 204 fuel rods, 20 guide pipes and 1 gauge pipe (being located at fuel assembly middle);The fuel rod by Multiple cylindrical types for being superimposed vertically are solid or the hollow fuel pellet of cylindrical type, air cavity holddown spring and provide support and cladding is made Cladding tubes, end plug composition.
Pressurized water reactor generally use solid combustible poisonous substance, jointly control and add the mode controls such as boric acid solution in rod, cooling agent Reactor core reactivity and power distribution processed, to meet the needs of reactor longtime running.
The wide variety of solid combustible poisonous substance of presurized water reactor is broadly divided into two classes at present, and a generic discrete type is another kind of with firing Material is combined together, referred to as monolithic devices.Discrete type burnable poison mainly has the borosilicate glass being included in stainless steel cladding Glass pipe (abbreviation Pyrex) and the water flowing ring being made up of cyclic aluminum oxide-boron carbide core bag in two layers of concentric zirconium alloy pipe Shape burnable absorber rod (abbreviation WABA), in the guide pipe for the fuel assembly for being usually placed in no control rod.Monolithic devices is flammable poison Thing has two kinds, first, with zirconium boride (ZrB2) thin layer coated in the integrated fuel burnable absorber on fuel pellet surface (referred to as IFBA), second, rare earth oxide, such as gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) or erbium oxide (Er2O3) sintered body of the disperse in fuel.
The design object and feature of advanced pressurized water reactor, it is not only higher to fuel assembly performance requirement, and make it that solid can Firing effect of the poisonous substance in reactor core becomes particularly important.Further to improve heap core performance and reducing operating cost, it is necessary to will be anti- Answering property is long-term, smoothly suppresses in as far as possible low level, while minimizes residual reactivity punishment.Long period reloads, it is low can Molten boron reactor core, the application for carrying plutonium fuel so that the initial residual reactivity of reactor core is bigger, can so providing sufficient amount of solid Poisonous substance is fired to meet that reactive demand for control is essential.Control model is run instead of traditional using control rod to realize Chemical shimming (regulation boron concentration) carries out short-term reactor core reactivity and power distribution controls, greater number of fuel stack in reactor core Part position will arrange control rod, restrict the arrangement of burnable poison, so being the outstanding problem that must be solved.
Therefore, to meet the design object of advanced pressurized water reactor and improve heap core performance, it is necessary to improve existing solid combustible poison Thing, solves above-mentioned global question.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of burnable poison fuel assembly, can for a long time, smoothly suppress reactive Low level as far as possible, while residual reactivity punishment is minimized, solution long period reloads, low soluble boron reactor core, load plutonium fuel The constraint that demand and control rod operation control model to reactor core reactivity control are arranged to burnable poison.
In order to realize the above object the present invention uses following technical scheme:
One kind load boron monolithic devices and discrete type combination burnable poison fuel assembly, including pellet surface are flammable coated with boron is carried The monolithic devices burnable poison fuel rod and load boron discrete type burnable poison rod of poisonous substance.
Further, load boron monolithic devices and discrete type the combination burnable poison fuel assembly may also include no burnable poison Fuel rod.
Preferably, the load boron burnable poison of the pellet surface coating in the monolithic devices burnable poison fuel rod is boronation Zirconium.
Further, the boron discrete type burnable poison rod that carries includes combustible poison core block, the air cavity holddown spring of boracic And provide cladding tubes, the end plug of support and coating function.
Further, the load boron discrete type burnable poison rod is disposed in the position of fuel rod lattice cell.
Preferably, the load boron discrete type burnable poison rod is clamped by the grid spacer of fuel assembly, is fixed in lattice cell.
Preferably, the composite combustible poison core block of the discrete type burnable poison material selection boracic;Its matrix phase Metal oxide such as Al can be selected2O3, or alloy such as Zr-2, Zr-4;Disperse phase is boride, such as B4C、ZrB2, BN etc..Choose Any of the above-described kind of matrix phase and any disperse phase mix according to certain proportion, and pellet is made by powder metallurgy process.
Further, the shape of above-mentioned boracic composite combustible poison core block can be the solid pellet of cylindrical type or cylindrical type Coring pellet, concrete shape is depending on Nuclear design requirement.
When disperse phase selects B4C, matrix phase select Al2O3Form B4C-Al2O3During combustible poison core block, after pellet sintering Density is the 60%~95% of solid density, wherein B4Between 2%~50%, specific density and ratio regard C mass percents Nuclear design requirement is allocated.
When disperse phase selects B4C, matrix phase is from Zr-4 alloys composition B4During C-Zr combustible poison core blocks, wherein B4C mass Percentage between 1%~20%, depending on Nuclear design requirement allocated by specific density and ratio.
The invention provides one kind to carry boron monolithic devices and discrete type combination burnable poison fuel assembly.Using the burnable poison It fuel assembly, can for a long time, smoothly suppress reactive in as far as possible low level, while make residual reactivity punishment minimum Change, solve long period is reloaded, low soluble boron reactor core, load plutonium fuel are controlled reactor core reactivity demand and control rod operation control The constraint that molding formula is arranged to burnable poison.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is simplified PWR fuel assembly grid arrangement schematic diagram;In figure,For guide pipe or gauge pipe,For Fuel rod.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the fuel assembly of the present invention;For the figure using intermediate symmetry line as boundary, right half part is section view Figure;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view cutaway view Amplified image of spacer grid of fuel assembly external and internal compositionses in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the grid arrangement schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1;In figure,For guide pipe or gauge pipe,For pellet Monolithic devices burnable poison fuel rod of the surface coated with load boron burnable poison,To carry boron discrete type burnable poison rod;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the load boron discrete type burnable poison rod of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 6 is the embodiment of the present invention 1, carries gadolinium monolithic devices burnable poison fuel assembly and carry the combustion of erbium monolithic devices burnable poison Expect the curve map that the reactivity of component changes with burnup.
Fig. 7 is the grid arrangement schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 2;In figure,For guide pipe or gauge pipe,For pellet Monolithic devices burnable poison fuel rod of the surface coated with load boron burnable poison,To carry boron discrete type burnable poison rod;Can not Fire the fuel rod of poisonous substance.
Embodiment
Fig. 2 is the structural representation for carrying boron monolithic devices and discrete type and combining burnable poison fuel assembly of the present invention, 1 in figure It is the grid spacer of fuel assembly for the guide pipe of fuel assembly, 5;Fig. 3 is that external and internal compositionses of the Fig. 2 at grid spacer 5 are overlooked Cutaway view Amplified image.Load boron monolithic devices and discrete type the combination burnable poison fuel assembly includes pellet surface can coated with load boron Fire the monolithic devices burnable poison fuel rod 2 of poisonous substance and be arranged in the load boron discrete type burnable poison rod 3 of fuel rod position, in addition should Carry boron monolithic devices and discrete type combination burnable poison fuel assembly may also include the fuel rod 4 of no burnable poison.
Embodiment 1
In order to which the present invention is more clearly understood, below by taking the burnable poison fuel assemblies of 15 × 15 arrangements as an example and with reference to attached Fig. 4-6 couples of the present invention are further described.
As shown in figure 4, a grid presses the PWR fuel assembly of 15 × 15 arrangements, coated by 192 by pellet surface Zirconium boride (ZrB2) monolithic devices burnable poison fuel rod, 12 load boron discrete type burnable poisons for being arranged in fuel rod position Rod, 20 guide pipes and 1 gauge pipe (being located at fuel assembly middle) composition.
In the above-mentioned load boron discrete type burnable poison rod for being arranged in fuel rod position, the burnable poison rod includes boracic Combustible poison core block 6, air cavity holddown spring 7 and cladding tubes 8 and end plug 9 that support and coating function are provided, its structural representation As shown in Figure 5.The burnable poison rod is clamped by the grid spacer 5 of fuel assembly, is fixed in lattice cell.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, discrete type burnable poison material is by multiple axially folded along burnable poison rod The B added4C-Al2O3The solid pellet composition of cylindrical type, wherein B4The mass percent that C accounts for pellet gross mass is 7.85%, and pellet is close Spend for the 70% of solid density.In another preferred embodiment of the invention, discrete type burnable poison material can by multiple edges Fire the axially stacking B of poison rod4The solid pellet composition of C-Zr cylindrical types, wherein B4The mass percent that C accounts for pellet gross mass is 3.35%.
Using the burnable poison of combinations thereof, the reactivity suppression cycle of fuel assembly is up to 30GWd/tU, burnup latter stage Residual reactivity punishment can control the reactivity of component in as far as possible low level in the range of most burnups close to zero It is interior, as shown in Figure 6.In contrast, the reactivity for carrying gadolinium monolithic devices burnable poison fuel assembly suppresses the cycle shorter (17GWd/ TU), remain reactive larger (- 2.2 Δ ρ %);The reactivity suppression cycle phase for carrying erbium monolithic devices burnable poison fuel assembly is worked as (30GWd/tU), but it is bigger (- 2.7 Δ ρ %) to remain reactivity punishment.
Embodiment 2
The burnable poison fuel assembly of the present invention may also include the fuel rod of no burnable poison, below with 17 × 17 arrangements The present invention is further described exemplified by burnable poison fuel assembly and with reference to accompanying drawing 7.
As shown in fig. 7, a grid presses the PWR fuel assembly of 17 × 17 arrangements, coated by 184 by pellet surface Zirconium boride (ZrB2) monolithic devices burnable poison fuel rod, 16 load boron discrete type burnable poisons for being arranged in fuel rod position Rod, 64 fuel rods without burnable poison, 24 guide pipes and 1 gauge pipe (being located at fuel assembly middle) composition.
The present invention is not strictly limited to the embodiment.According to technology proposed by the present invention, can apply to any The burnable poison fuel assembly design of presurized water reactor.
Preferred embodiment of the invention described in detail above.It should be appreciated that one of ordinary skill in the art without Creative work can is needed to make many modifications and variations according to the design of the present invention.Therefore, all technologies in the art Personnel are available by logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment on the basis of existing technology under this invention's idea Technical scheme, all should be in the protection domain being defined in the patent claims.

Claims (4)

1. one kind carries boron monolithic devices and discrete type combination burnable poison fuel assembly, it is characterised in that is coated with including pellet surface Carry the monolithic devices burnable poison fuel rod of boron burnable poison and carry boron discrete type burnable poison rod, the monolithic devices burnable poison combustion Charge bar and the position for carrying boron discrete type burnable poison rod and being disposed in fuel rod lattice cell, the load flammable poison of boron discrete type Thing rod is clamped by the grid spacer of fuel assembly, the composite burnable poison of the discrete type burnable poison material selection boracic Pellet, the boracic composite combustible poison core block are shaped as the solid pellet of cylindrical type, and the composite of the boracic can The matrix phase for firing poisonous substance pellet is Al2O3, disperse phase B4C, wherein B4The mass percent that C accounts for pellet gross mass is 7.85%, Pellet density is the 70% of solid density.
2. boron monolithic devices and discrete type combination burnable poison fuel assembly are carried as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described The load boron burnable poison of pellet surface coating in monolithic devices burnable poison fuel rod is zirconium boride.
3. boron monolithic devices and discrete type combination burnable poison fuel assembly are carried as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described Carrying boron discrete type burnable poison rod includes the combustible poison core block of boracic, air cavity holddown spring and provides support and coating function Cladding tubes, end plug.
4. boron monolithic devices and discrete type combination burnable poison fuel assembly are carried as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described The composite combustible poison core block of boracic is made of powder metallurgy process.
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CN108182979A (en) * 2017-12-14 2018-06-19 广东核电合营有限公司 Adulterate the fuel pellet and its manufacturing method of boron carbide
CN109036603B (en) * 2018-07-27 2021-08-17 中国核动力研究设计院 Long-circulation refueling and loading method for reactor core of ultra-large pressurized water reactor
CN112420225B (en) * 2020-11-19 2022-02-11 中国核动力研究设计院 Method for controlling reactivity of particle burnable poison, burnable poison plate and fuel rod
CN113035385B (en) * 2021-03-04 2024-04-09 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 Boron-containing uranium silicide integral type burnable poison core block

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