CN104697937B - A kind of technical method of soil attribute bloom spectrum discrimination - Google Patents
A kind of technical method of soil attribute bloom spectrum discrimination Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of soil attribute EO-1 hyperion identification technology method, is related to soil exploration engineering field.The method includes：S1, based on remote sensing satellite data, obtains the soil high spectrum image of different time；S2, after carrying out image preprocessing, bare soil is obtained by supervised classification, extracts the Reflectivity for Growing Season of the bare soil, and bare soil Reflectivity for Growing Season inverse model is set up according to the Reflectivity for Growing Season of the bare soil；S3, soil erodibility experiment in design office is obtained and obtains time corresponding soil erodibility data with the soil high spectrum image；S4, the soil erodibility data obtained by step S3 are obtained the classification of soils and calculate soil K values；S5, according to the spectroscopic data in the soil K values and the Reflectivity for Growing Season inverse model, sets up the hyperspectral model of the soil attribute of influence erodable K.The present invention solves the problems, such as that high spectrum resolution remote sensing technique cannot be used for determining soil erodibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil exploration engineering field, more particularly to a kind of technical method of soil attribute bloom spectrum discrimination.
Background technology
With the continuous rising of spectral resolution, nanoscale is reached, can objectively reflect spectral characteristic and its faint
Change.By drafting methods such as spectral modeling drawing, matched filtering, spectral signature self adaptations, Hymap data are classified,
Obtain degree of salinity indication figure.Carbon content, nitrogen content, clay content, P in soil H, cation have been carried out to high-spectral data
The quantitative mapping of exchange capacity and soil organic matter content, tests the representative pedotheque for gathering on the spot first
Spectroscopic data is measured and physico-chemical analysis, obtains spectral information and related physicochemical property, and phase relation is selected by Linear correlative analysis
Number wave band high participates in stepwise regression analysis showed, sets up the empirical model of prediction soil characteristic, is known according to provincial characteristics priori
Knowledge and the data detection of field acquisition, it was demonstrated that result is successful.But existing high spectrum resolution remote sensing technique is to soil erodibility
The measure aspect of research rarely has research.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of technical method of soil attribute bloom spectrum discrimination, so as to solve prior art
Present in foregoing problems.
To achieve these goals, a kind of soil attribute EO-1 hyperion identification technology method of the invention, the method includes following
Step：
S1, based on remote sensing satellite data, obtains the soil high spectrum image of different time；
S2, the high spectrum image to the soil is pre-processed, and bare soil is obtained by supervised classification, is then extracted
The Reflectivity for Growing Season of the bare soil, sets up bare soil Reflectivity for Growing Season anti-according to the Reflectivity for Growing Season of the bare soil
Drill model；
S3, soil erodibility experiment in design office is obtained and obtains time corresponding soil with the soil high spectrum image
Earth erodable data；
The soil erodibility data include：Before rainfall survey soil reflectivity and rainfall after survey soil reflection
Rate；
S4, by the soil erodibility data for obtaining, carries out the classification of soils and calculates soil K values；
S5, according to the spectroscopic data in the soil K values and the bare soil Reflectivity for Growing Season inverse model, sets up shadow
Ring the hyperspectral model of the soil attribute of erodable K.
Preferably, in step S3, soil erodibility experiment in the design office, acquisition is obtained with the soil high spectrum image
Time corresponding soil erodibility data, specifically realize by the following method：
Two kinds of soil in research area are chosen respectively：First soil and the second soil, according to experiment place Meteorological and
Physical features feature, designs raininess, rainfall pattern, raindrop size and the gradient of artificial washed off soil experiment；Experiment soil is prepared on this basis
Groove, and rain maker and portable EO-1 hyperion instrument are debugged, total rainfall duration is designed for 40 minutes, chosen every 8 minutes
Sample, measures and records the soil erodibility data of the sample using measuring instrument.
Preferably, in step S4, the soil K values are calculated by following formula (1)：
K=Σ A/ Σ (R × LS) (1)
Wherein, the A represents potential mean annual erosion amount, and the R represents the rainfall erosivity factor, the K tables
Show soil erodibility factor, the LS represents slope length factor.
Preferably, in step S5, the soil K values are set up with the Reflectivity for Growing Season inverting using deflected secondary air
The relation of spectroscopic data in model, and by the arrangement of all band coefficient magnitude, set up the height of the soil attribute of influence erodable K
Spectral model.
It is highly preferred that the deflected secondary air, specially：First, from independent variable X (x1, x2..., xp) middle extraction
Separate composition gas h=l, 2 ..n, from dependent variable Y (y1, y2..., yp) the separate ingredient u k of middle extraction (k=1,
2 ..) regression equation of composition uk and independent variable X, then, is set up；
Wherein, the independent variable X represents the soil K values, and the dependent variable Y represents the Reflectivity for Growing Season inverse model
In Reflectivity for Growing Season.
Preferably, the supervised classification uses following methods：ANN method, spectral angle mapping method or SVMs
Method.
Preferably, the algorithm that the bare soil Reflectivity for Growing Season inverse model includes includes：PLSR offset minimum binaries
The Return Law.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The present invention is according to EO-1 hyperion inversion theory, influence machine of the research soil physical chemistry parameter to soil reflective spectrum feature
Reason, sets up soil parameters EO-1 hyperion soil inverse model.The dynamic of upper soll layer form in erosion process is disclosed using research technique
State evolution process, and by compare corrode before and after soil reflective spectrum feature change illustrate soil erodibility dynamic evolution and
Dependency relation between the change of spectral reflectance spectral signature, sets up the hyperspectral model of the soil attribute of influence erodable K,
It is last that soil spectrum information is extracted from Hyperion reflectivity images, the change in time and space monitoring of soil erodibility is realized, improve
The specific aim of prognosis of soil erosion, scientific and reasonability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of soil attribute EO-1 hyperion identification technology method described in embodiment 1.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is entered
Row is further described.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only used to explain the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of reference picture 1, soil attribute EO-1 hyperion identification technology method of the present embodiment, the method is comprised the following steps：
S1, based on remote sensing satellite data, obtains the soil high spectrum image of different time；
S2, after carrying out image preprocessing to the high spectrum image of the soil, obtains bare soil, so by supervised classification
The Reflectivity for Growing Season of the bare soil is extracted afterwards；
S3, soil erodibility experiment in design office is obtained and obtains time corresponding soil with the soil high spectrum image
Earth erodable data, bare soil Reflectivity for Growing Season inverse model is set up according to the Reflectivity for Growing Season of the bare soil；
The soil erodibility data include：Before rainfall survey soil reflectivity and rainfall after survey soil reflection
Rate；
S4, the soil erodibility data obtained by step S3 are obtained the classification of soils and calculate the soil K values；
S5, according to the spectroscopic data in the soil K values and the bare soil Reflectivity for Growing Season inverse model, sets up shadow
Ring the hyperspectral model of the soil attribute of erodable K.
The value of soil K described in the present embodiment represents soil erodibility factor.
In the present embodiment, in step S3, specifically realize by the following method：
Two kinds of soil in research area are chosen respectively：First soil and the second soil, according to experiment place Meteorological and
Physical features feature, designs raininess, rainfall pattern, raindrop size and the gradient of artificial washed off soil experiment；Experiment soil is prepared on this basis
Groove, and rain maker and portable EO-1 hyperion instrument are debugged, total rainfall duration is designed for 40 minutes, sampled every 8 minutes,
Store the high spectrum image and data in the acquisition of any one setting time, it is ensured that soil erosion characteristic in soil erosion experiment
The continuity of measure.
The soil erosion test, more specifically for：
Using wooden artificial runoff plots, length 2m, width 0.75m, height 0.5m, soil thickness about 40cm.Rainfall
Device uses TSJY-081 type Full-automatic portable artificial raining-simulated apparatus, and it is 60mm/h, 90mm/h, 120mm/h, slope to set raininess
It is 10 degree to spend, and rain controller is arranged at soil soil surface 3m.Soil is loaded according to field unit weight, rainfall erosion reality
2-3h moistenings are carried out with the raininess of 20mm/h before testing beginning, soil moisture content is reached field capacity level, it is ensured that dropped every time
Rain is carried out under close to uniform condition.In experimentation, three rain, rainfall duration 40min, the interval between two rain drop every time
It it is 1 hour, raininess sets 60mm/h -90mm/h -120mm/h respectively, and runoff is collected every 5min after Surface Runoff, has collected
Bi Hou, water sample is numbered and mixed.After rainfall starts, water sample and silt sample were collected every 5 minutes.In soil erosion experiment
In, whole shooting being carried out to erosion process and is recorded, erosion experiment terminates, respectively to topsoil (0-20cm) and Gossypium arboreum×G. bickii
(20-40cm) is sampled, and determines its physicochemical property, and makees spectrum test to topsoil, soil before and after contrast erosion experiment
The changing features of reflectance spectrum.
Rainfall collects 0-20cm top layers soil sample after terminating according to domatic position, determines and record the soil weight and water content.
Take mixed pedotheque determine and record soil pH, organic matter, soil particle composition, the steady aggregate of water, cation exchange
The content of amount (CEC), TOC, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and rapid available phosphorus.
The test of soil EO-1 hyperion is carried out indoors, and more specific assay method is：The pedotheque style before test to choosing
, then be individually positioned in pedotheque in diameter 12cm, the sample-containing dish of depth 1.8cm by dry, moisture allocation processing, with ruler by soil
Sample surface strikes off, and spectrum test is intended using ASD Pro2500 portable spectrometers, and the spectrometer can obtain 350-2500nm scopes
Interior soil spectrum reflectivity, spectral resolution is 1.4nm in the range of 350-1050nm, is in 1000-2500nm scopes
2nm.Spectrum test requirement indoor lighting conditions are controllable, and light source is provided using the halogen light lamp of the 1000W away from soil sample surface 70cm and arrived
The almost parallel optical fiber of soil sample, causes the zenith angle of the image of shade, light source to be set as reducing soil roughness
15°.The vertical direction from soil sample surface 35vm is placed in using the Chang'an device probe of 8 ° of angles of visual field.The front removal radiation of test is strong
The image of dark current in degree, is then calibrated with the grey of 30cm × 30cm with reference to version.The a plurality of light of each soil collecting is set a song to music
Line, obtains the actual reflected spectrum data of the soil sample after arithmetic mean, test parameters is related to reference to (2005) such as Chappe11
Spectroscopic test method, and appropriately adjust as the case may be.Before the spectrum test for the soil organism, to ensure
The relative uniformity of different times soil moisture, need to carry out the pretreatment dried under the conditions of 40 DEG C and cooled down again to soil.Soil
The spectrum test of moisture content is to set up multigroup pedotheque by moisture allotment, and the change that the reflectivity of spectrum is determined respectively is complete
Into.
In process of the test, using the field spectroradiometer of Avantes companies, wave-length coverage 300-1800nm.It is in power
50W standards direct current tungsten filament quartz halogen lamp is selection light source incidence angle 150 under conditions of 8 ° as light source, the probe angle of visual field,
Light source distance 30cm, probe vertical soil sample surface and the geometrical condition tested as indoor soil EO-1 hyperion apart from soil sample 15cm.
After spectrometer is optimized, the excellent lambert's property diffuse material polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) of test 25cm × 25cm demarcates blank and obtains definitely anti-
Rate is penetrated, the measurement of standard edition is all carried out with calibration spectrum instrument before and after measurement every time.To reduce error, each soil sample surveys 5 groups of reflections
Rate, finally averages and records.
In the present embodiment, in step S4, the soil K values are calculated by following formula (1)：
K=Σ A/ Σ (R × LS) (1)
Wherein, the A represents potential mean annual erosion amount, and the R represents the rainfall erosivity factor, the K tables
Show erodibility factor, the LS represents slope length factor.
More specifically：The general Loss Equation USLE equations of soil, are shown in formula (2)：
A=R × K × LS × C × P (2)
Wherein, the A represents potential mean annual erosion amount, and the R represents the rainfall erosivity factor, the K tables
Show soil erodibility factor, the LS represents slope length factor, and the C represents vegetative coverage and the management factor, and the P is represented
The factor of soil and water conservation measures (Wischmeier and Kohnson, 1971).
In the present invention, it is assumed that object element (C and P) is equal to 1, the general Loss Equation USLE equation simplifications of soil are formula
(3)：
A=R × K × LS (3)
Therefore the computing formula (4) of soil K values is：
K=Σ A/ Σ (R × LS) (4)
In the present embodiment, in step S5, the soil K values and the earth surface reflection are set up using deflected secondary air
The relation of rate inverse model, and by the arrangement of all band coefficient magnitude, set up soil erodibility inverse model.
In the present embodiment, the deflected secondary air, specially：First, from independent variable X (x1, x2 ..., xp.)
It is middle to extract separate composition gas (h=l, 2 ..), separate ingredient u k is extracted from dependent variable Y (y1 ..., yp)
(k=1,2 ..), then, sets up the regression equation of composition uk and independent variable；Wherein, the independent variable X represents soil K values, because
Variable Y represents the Reflectivity for Growing Season in the Reflectivity for Growing Season inverse model.It is different from principal component regression, PLS
The composition for being extracted can preferably summarize the information in independent variable system, can well explain dependent variable simultaneously in removal system again
Noise jamming, thus the regression modeling problem between independent variable in the case of multiple correlation, its result of calculation can be efficiently solved
It is more reliable.
In the present embodiment, the supervised classification uses following methods：ANN method, spectral angle mapping method or support
Vector machine method.
In the present embodiment, the algorithm that the Reflectivity for Growing Season inverse model includes includes：PLSR offset minimum binaries are returned
Gui Fa.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal disclosed by the invention, following beneficial effect has been obtained：
The present invention is according to EO-1 hyperion inversion theory, influence machine of the research soil physical chemistry parameter to soil reflective spectrum feature
Reason, sets up soil parameters EO-1 hyperion soil inverse model.The dynamic of upper soll layer form in erosion process is disclosed using research technique
State evolution process, and by compare corrode before and after soil reflective spectrum feature change illustrate soil erodibility dynamic evolution and
Dependency relation between the change of spectral reflectance spectral signature, sets up the hyperspectral model of the soil attribute of influence erodable K.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
Depending on protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of soil attribute EO-1 hyperion identification technology method, it is characterised in that the method is comprised the following steps：
S1, based on remote sensing satellite data, obtains the soil high spectrum image of different time；
S2, the high spectrum image to the soil is pre-processed, and bare soil is obtained by supervised classification, then extracts described
The Reflectivity for Growing Season of bare soil, bare soil Reflectivity for Growing Season inverting mould is set up according to the Reflectivity for Growing Season of the bare soil
Type；
S3, soil erodibility experiment in design office, obtaining the soil corresponding with the soil high spectrum image acquisition time can
Corrosion data；
The soil erodibility data include：Before rainfall survey soil reflectivity and rainfall after survey soil reflectivity；
S4, by the soil erodibility data for obtaining, carries out the classification of soils and calculates Values K of Soil Erosibility Factor；
S5, according to the spectroscopic data in the Values K of Soil Erosibility Factor and the bare soil Reflectivity for Growing Season inverse model,
Set up the hyperspectral model of the soil attribute of influence extractable-P in soil；
In step S3, soil erodibility experiment in the design office obtains relative with the soil high spectrum image acquisition time
The soil erodibility data answered, specifically realize by the following method：
Two kinds of soil in research area are chosen respectively：First soil and the second soil, according to the Meteorological and physical features in experiment place
Feature, designs raininess, rainfall pattern, raindrop size and the gradient of artificial washed off soil experiment；Soil bin is prepared on this basis, and
Debugging rain maker and portable EO-1 hyperion instrument, designed total rainfall duration for 40 minutes, and sample was chosen every 8 minutes,
The soil erodibility data of the sample are measured and recorded using measuring instrument；
More specifically it is：Using wooden artificial runoff plots, the specification of cell is length 2m, width 0.75m and height 0.5m,
Soil layer and soil thickness 40cm are set in cell；
Using TSJY-081 type Full-automatic portable artificial raining-simulated apparatus, raininess is set for 60mm/h, 90mm/h, 120mm/h,
The gradient is 10 degree, and rain controller is arranged at soil surface 3m；
Soil is loaded according to field unit weight, and rainfall erosion experiment carries out 2-3h's with the raininess of 20mm/h before starting to soil
Moistening, makes soil moisture content reach field capacity level；
In experimentation, every time drop three rain, rainfall duration 40min, between two rain at intervals of 1 hour, three rain of rain
Strong setting is respectively 60mm/h -90mm/h -120mm/h, and runoff is collected every 5min after Surface Runoff, after collection is finished, will
Water sample is numbered and mixed；
After rainfall starts, water sample and silt sample were collected every 5 minutes；
Erosion experiment terminates, and the soil to top layer 0-20cm and subsurface stratum 20-40cm soil are sampled respectively, determine its physics and chemistry
Characteristic, and make spectrum test to topsoil, the changing features of soil reflective spectrum before and after contrast erosion experiment；In step S4,
The Values K of Soil Erosibility Factor is calculated by following formula (1)：
K=∑ A/ ∑s (R × LS) (1)
Wherein, the A represents potential mean annual erosion amount, and the R represents the rainfall erosivity factor, and the K represents soil
Earth erodibility factor, the LS represents slope length factor；
In step S5, the soil erodibility factor value is set up with the Reflectivity for Growing Season inverting mould using deflected secondary air
The relation of spectroscopic data in type, and by the arrangement of all band coefficient magnitude, set up the soil category of influence extractable-P in soil
The hyperspectral model of property；
The deflected secondary air, specially：First, from independent variable X (x1, x2..., xp) the separate composition of middle extraction
Gas h=l, 2 ..n, from dependent variable Y (y1, y2..., yp) the separate ingredient u k (k=1,2 ..) of middle extraction, then, build
The regression equation of vertical ingredient u k and independent variable X；
Wherein, the independent variable X represents the soil erodibility factor value, and the dependent variable Y represents that the Reflectivity for Growing Season is anti-
Drill the Reflectivity for Growing Season in model；
The supervised classification uses following methods：ANN method, spectral angle mapping method or SVMs method；It is described exposed
The algorithm that soil surface reflectivity inverse model includes includes：PLSR partial least-squares regression methods.
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| CN107505283A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2017-12-22 | 上海交通大学 | The method of nitrate ion content near infrared ray Secondary salinization soil |
| CN107907490A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-04-13 | 北京师范大学 | Soil erosion EO-1 hyperion inversion method based on outdoor rainfall and indoor soil |
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