CN104697598B - A kind of design method of measurement cushion block based on adaptive algorithm and application - Google Patents
A kind of design method of measurement cushion block based on adaptive algorithm and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN104697598B CN104697598B CN201510072823.XA CN201510072823A CN104697598B CN 104697598 B CN104697598 B CN 104697598B CN 201510072823 A CN201510072823 A CN 201510072823A CN 104697598 B CN104697598 B CN 104697598B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of design method of measurement cushion block based on adaptive algorithm and application, belong to metering field, the measurement cushion block is to utilize self-adaptive computer algorithm, the electric range of weighing of volume comparator is taken into full account, mass comparator measures station size and height, volume comparator Weight change frame height, the design parameters such as volume comparator maximum weighing, also contemplate the density value and actual mass value of counterweight and standard test weight to be measured, the machined parameters of the groove for consolidating counterweight are determined, so as to design the measurement cushion block being adapted with measuring counterweight.During measurement, counterweight to be measured is lain in a horizontal plane on the measurement cushion block, utilize hydrostatic method cubing, the volume of counterweight to be measured is obtained, design method of the invention is simple, improves the degree of accuracy of weight measurement, particularly horizontal positioned counterweight, the bubble attachment phenomenon of counterweight bottom groove is reduced, improves the degree of accuracy of cubing, the use range of extended volume comparator.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metrical instrument field, is surveyed more particularly, to utilizing in the volume measuring system based on hydrostatic method
The design and application of the measurement cushion block used in counterweight volume are measured, the design method of the measurement cushion block specifically based on adaptive algorithm
And application.
Background technology
The density of object：For the business of the quality of object divided by its volume, formula is ρ=m/v.Due to the mass measurement of counterweight
Carry out in atmosphere, and according to Archimedes's theorem, the buoyancy suffered by object arranges gas (liquid) equal to it
Quality.Therefore, the mass measurement for high accuracy is, it is necessary to know the volume of tested counterweight, to carry out aerostatic buoyancy amendment,
Obtain its accurate mass value.According to international recommendation R111 (2004 editions) and JJG99-2006《Counterweight》The requirement of vertification regulation,
If in 330 meters of E used above of height above sea level1Grade, E2Grade counterweight, the density of counterweight and its corresponding uncertainty must be provided.It is right
In F1Grade counterweight, if when 800 meters used above, F1Grade counterweight should also carry out aerostatic buoyancy amendment.Such as：E2Grade
More than 20g counterweights must all measure its volume；In 800 meters of F used above of height above sea level1More than the 50g counterweights of grade are also required to reality
Border measures volume.
Current counterweight volume measuring method has three kinds：First, using used water or other suitable liquid as density
Standard, or the volume comparison method on the basis of density of solid, this method are applied to the higher counterweight of class of accuracy；Method
Two, it is the volume that counterweight is measured by the method based on acoustics, this method is applied to the counterweight of each class of accuracy, especially band
There is the counterweight of adjustment chamber.Method three, JJG99-2006《Counterweight》Conventional alloy list is provided in vertification regulation, wherein providing
The density value of various materials and corresponding uncertainty, user can use as needed.The method is applied to class of accuracy
Relatively low counterweight.
In first method, a kind of volume comparator, such as VC1005, the design maximum of this kind of volume comparator are commonly used
Measurement capability is 1kg, least resolution 0.01mg.This kind of volume comparator is applied to the cubing of 1kg stainless steel counterweights,
Generally include OIML shapes, cylindrical shape etc..If the materials such as the counterweight (such as aluminium alloy) for 1kg low density materials,
Either variform (hollow, spindle) counterweight, the counterweight of these special shapes is all normal among quality science metering
The counterweight type seen, but it significantly limit volume ratio because height is beyond the use range of cubing comparator
Compared with the use range of instrument, this kind of volume comparator is due to being external import, if its measurement capability can not be extended, will limit it
The scope of application, waste the equipment that research funding is purchased.
Therefore, a kind of algorithm for design of weight measurement cushion block is proposed in the present invention.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome existing measurement problem, the invention provides one kind to help to realize shape and highly off-limits
The measurement of counterweight volume, and the design method for the measurement cushion block based on adaptive algorithm that counterweight can be consolidated.
Present invention also offers the side that counterweight cubing is carried out with measurement cushion block that a kind of measurement result is accurate, error is small
Method.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：It is useful in the Surface Machining of the measurement cushion block
In the groove for stablizing counterweight to be measured, it is designed by following steps：
(1) a cube raw material block is designed, its volume is Vblock=BwBdH；Wherein H is the height of raw material block
Degree, Bw be raw material block width, Bd be raw material block length, density ρd；
(2) arc groove is processed on the top surface of raw material block, the groove depth of groove is dep, bottom portion of groove to raw material block
The height of bottom surface is h, then h=H-dep；
(3) central angle corresponding to the circular arc of groove is set as θ, according to the radius R of counterweight to be measured, can be obtained：
Cross section corresponding to groove is:
W is the width of rebate of groove；
Then volume corresponding to groove is:Vcut=Scut×Bd
So as to which the volume for obtaining measuring cushion block is Vd=Vblock-Vcut；
(4) absolute difference DV=of the volume in self-adaptive computer algorithm parameter space to intended volume | Vexp-
Vd|；
(5) in self-adaptive computer algorithm, various parameters need to meet following constraints：
Wherein：mt、Vt、ρtQuality, volume, the density of counterweight respectively to be measured；
ρ1Represent the fluid density with hydrostatic method cubing；
md、Vd、ρdRespectively measure quality, volume, the density of cushion block；
mr、Vr、ρrThe respectively quality of standard test weight, volume, density；
τ represents the electric range of weighing of volume comparator electronic balance；
Max is the maximum weighing of volume comparator electronic balance；
HmaxThe maximum counterweight height for allowing to place for volume comparator Weight change framework；
(6) it is minimum value by self-adaptive computer algorithm parameter space, searching for from desired bulking value gap
Index,
[H_index, dep_index]=min { DV }
H=min { DV, H_index }
Dep=min { DV, dep_index },
Height value H and the cutting depth that measurement cushion block is obtained using the index are dep optimal solution, so that it is determined that measurement pad
The machined parameters of block.
Self-adaptive computer algorithm parameter includes the density p of measurement cushion block in above-mentioned steps (4)d, height H, the groove of groove
Mouth width w and standard test weight quality mr, volume Vr, density prWith the quality m of counterweight to be measuredt, volume Vt, density ptAnd step
It is precz, the electric range of weighing τ of volume comparator electronic balance to enter machining accuracy parameter.
The self-adaptive computer algorithm performs step of above-mentioned steps (6) is as follows：Initial value a H and dep are given, judges it
Whether all constraints is met；If not satisfied, then continuing next possible solution H and dep+precz, judge whether to meet
Constraints, if satisfied, recording the value into all possible solution space { DV }, stop during being somebody's turn to do all until having judged
Solution, optimal H and dep are being found in { DV }, optimal solution meets VexpWith VdBetween difference minimal solution.
A kind of method using measurement cushion block obtained by above-mentioned design method to counterweight cubing, by following step group
Into：
(1) the measurement cushion block to match according to foregoing design method processing with counterweight to be measured；
(2) mass value comparison is carried out by volume comparator and standard test weight in a liquid, tries to achieve the reality of measurement cushion block
Bulking value Vd′；
(3) the measurement cushion block that step (1) is processed is placed on the scale pan of volume comparator, then counterweight level to be measured is put
Put in the groove of measurement cushion block, with the volume measuring method based on hydrostatic method, measure measurement cushion block and counterweight to be measured
Cumulative volume Vtotal；
(4) according to Vt=Vtotal-Vd', obtain counterweight bulking value V to be measuredt, complete counterweight cubing to be measured.
The design method of the measurement cushion block based on adaptive algorithm of the present invention and application, it is to utilize self-adaptive computer
Algorithm, has taken into full account the electric range of weighing of volume comparator, weight tray size, Weight change frame height, volume ratio compared with
The design parameters such as instrument maximum weighing, it is also contemplated that the density value and actual mass value of counterweight and standard test weight to be measured, so that it is determined that
Go out the machined parameters of the groove for consolidating counterweight, so as to design the measurement cushion block being adapted with measuring counterweight, and measure
When, counterweight to be measured is lain in a horizontal plane on the measurement cushion block, using hydrostatic method cubing, obtains the body of counterweight to be measured
Product, design method of the invention is simple, solves in existing 1kg volumes comparator for shape, highly off-limits counterweight
The measurement problem of volume, the air bubble problem that the counterweight uprightly placed is brought in liquid is entered is also solved, counterweight can be improved
The degree of accuracy of measurement, particularly horizontal positioned counterweight, the bubble attachment phenomenon of reduction counterweight bottom groove, especially suitable for OIML
Shape and cylindrical shape counterweight, improve the degree of accuracy of cubing, the use range of extended volume comparator.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the raw material block structural representation in embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that cushion block is measured in embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that cylinder counterweight to be measured is placed on measurement cushion block.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is further described in conjunction with drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited only to
Following implementation situations.
By taking 1kg aluminium alloy counterweights as an example, its density ptAbout 2700kg/m3, its radius is 40mm, is highly 98.08mm.
For the type counterweight, according to mechanical balance hydrostatic method Plethysmometry, accuracy of measurement does not reach requirement, and differentiates
Rate is that 0.01mg volume comparator is preferable measuring method, but the type volume comparator can only survey height as 90.6mm's
Counterweight.Therefore need to consider spindle counterweight being laterally located on measurement cushion block to measure, designed according to following methods
One measurement cushion block being adapted to the aluminium alloy weight structure, is comprised the following steps that：
(1) bottom referring to Fig. 1, sets its height as H according to the cube raw material block of 50 × 50mm square dimensions,
Then the volume of the raw material block is Vblock=BwBdH=50 × 50 × H；Wherein H be raw material block height, density pd=
8000kg/m3；
(2) arc groove is processed on the top surface of raw material block, referring to Fig. 2, the groove depth of groove is dep, bottom portion of groove
Height to raw material block bottom surface is h, then h=H-dep；
(3) circular arc for setting groove forms fan-shaped ABC, and its corresponding central angle is θ, according to the radius R of counterweight to be measured
For 40mm, can obtain：
Cross section corresponding to groove is:
Wherein w is the width of rebate of groove；
Then, volume corresponding to groove is Vcut=Scut× Bd,
So as to obtain：Measure the volume V of cushion blockd=Vblock-Vcut；
(4) the absolute difference DV=of the volume in self-adaptive computer algorithm parameter space and intended volume | Vexp-
Vd|, VexpIt is a variable, is the bulking value of measurement cushion block to be solved；
(5) self-adaptive computer algorithm is utilized, various parameters need to meet following constraints：
Wherein：mt、Vt、ρtQuality, volume, the density of counterweight respectively to be measured；
ρ1Represent the fluid density with hydrostatic method cubing；
md、Vd、ρdRespectively measure quality, volume, the density of cushion block；
mr、Vr、ρrThe respectively quality of standard test weight, volume, density；
τ represents the electric range of weighing of volume comparator electronic balance；
Max is the maximum weighing of volume comparator electronic balance；
HmaxThe maximum counterweight height for allowing to place for volume comparator Weight change framework；
In the present embodiment：mt=1kg, Vt=370.4m3、ρt=2700kg/m3=2.7g/cm3, ρ1It is the close of distilled water
Degree, i.e. ρ1=1.0g/cm3, mr=1kg, Vr=125cm3, ρr=8g/cm3, ρd=8g/cm3, by (ρt-ρ1)Vt+(ρd-ρ1)Vd=
(ρr-ρ1)Vr, obtain Vd=35.0529cm3, the value is a volume cushion block design object value being calculated in theory, and will
The measurement cushion block is designed to Vexp=35052.9mm3, density pd=8g/cm3, it is possible thereby to determine that the measurement cushion block has two
Variable is height H and groove cutting depth dep.
(6) it is minimum value by self-adaptive computer algorithm parameter space, searching for from desired bulking value gap
Index, height value H corresponding to index searching being recycled, cutting depth is dep,
[H_index, dep_index]=min { DV }
H=min { DV, H_index }
Dep=min { DV, dep_index },
During being actually processed, machining accuracy is also required to consider, should if machining accuracy precz is equal to 0.005mm
Parameter precz is the parameter of a control algolithm stepping in the algorithm, gives initial value a H and dep, judges whether it meets
All constraints；If not satisfied, then continuing next possible solution H and dep+precz, judge whether to meet constraint bar
Part, if satisfied, recording the value into all possible solution space { DV }, stop during being somebody's turn to do until having judged all solutions,
Optimal H and dep are being found in { DV }, optimal solution meets VexpWith VdBetween difference minimal solution.The algorithm above gives institute
There is the spatial domain of feasible solution, wherein optimal solution is：H=14.01mm, dep=7.645mm.
The parameter of the self-adaptive computer algorithm of the present embodiment specifically refers to all parameters being related in above-mentioned design process
And stepped parameter, the stepped parameter are a variables in adaptive derivation algorithm, the final result of solution be will to the greatest extent can
It can optimize, so needing stepped parameter to control the result for performing time and optimization of whole algorithm, stepped parameter is smaller, meter
Evaluation time is longer, may can find more optimal result, be the conventional parameter in self-adaptive computer algorithm, therefore, adaptive
The parameter of computerized algorithm is answered to include the density p of measurement cushion blockd, height H, the width of rebate w of groove and the matter of standard test weight
Measure mr, volume Vr, density prWith the quality m of counterweight to be measuredt, volume Vt, density ptAnd stepping machining accuracy parameter be precz,
The parameters such as the electric range of weighing τ of volume comparator electronic balance.
The measurement cushion block being adapted to signaling to be measured is processed with above-mentioned design method, and 1kg aluminium alloys are spun using it
The volume of capitate counterweight measures, and comprises the following steps that：
(1) the measurement cushion block to match according to above-mentioned design method processing with counterweight to be measured；
(2) by volume comparator, with standard test weight in a liquid compared with mass value compare, try to achieve the measurement cushion block
Actual volume value Vd′；
(3) the measurement cushion block that step (1) is processed is placed on the scale pan of volume comparator, the volume ratio of the present embodiment compared with
For instrument equipped with corresponding hurricane globe, automatic rotating disk, the scale pan, taring mechanism, its electric range of weighing is τ, and maximum capacity value is Max, is claimed
Amount region allows the maximum counterweight height H placedmax, counterweight to be measured is lain in a horizontal plane in the groove of measurement cushion block, makes weight to be measured
It is seamless between code and measurement cushion block to contact, avoid counterweight bottom to be measured from having bubble generation, referring to Fig. 3, with hydrostatic method volume
Measurement, measure the cumulative volume V of measurement cushion block and counterweight to be measuredtotal；
(4) according to Vt=Vtotal-Vd', obtain counterweight bulking value V to be measuredt, complete counterweight cubing to be measured.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. design method of the measurement cushion block based on adaptive algorithm, it is characterised in that：Add on the surface of the measurement cushion block Work is used for the groove for stablizing counterweight to be measured, and it is designed by following steps：(1) a cube raw material block is designed, its volume is Vblock=BwBdH；Wherein H be raw material block height, Bw For the width of raw material block, Bd is the length of raw material block, density ρd；(2) arc groove is processed on the top surface of raw material block, the groove depth of groove is dep, bottom portion of groove to raw material block bottom surface Height be h, then h=H-dep；(3) central angle corresponding to the circular arc of groove is set as θ, according to the radius R of counterweight to be measured, can be obtained：Cross section corresponding to groove is:<mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>&pi;R</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mfrac> <mi>&theta;</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&pi;</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mi>w</mi> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>W is the width of rebate of groove；Then volume corresponding to groove is:Vcut=Scut×BdSo as to which the volume for obtaining measuring cushion block is Vd=Vblock-Vcut；(4) absolute difference DV=of the volume in self-adaptive computer algorithm parameter space to intended volume | Vexp-Vd|；(5) in self-adaptive computer algorithm, various parameters need to meet following constraints：<mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mo>&le;</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> <mo>&le;</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>|</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> <mo>|</mo> <mo>&le;</mo> <mi>&tau;</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>w</mi> <mo>&le;</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mi>w</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> <mo><</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mo><</mo> <mi>H</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>h</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mo><</mo> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced>Wherein：mt、Vt、ρtQuality, volume, the density of counterweight respectively to be measured；ρ1Represent the fluid density with hydrostatic method cubing；md、Vd、ρdRespectively measure quality, volume, the density of cushion block；mr、Vr、ρrThe respectively quality of standard test weight, volume, density；τ represents the electric range of weighing of volume comparator electronic balance；Max is the maximum weighing of volume comparator electronic balance；HmaxThe maximum counterweight height for allowing to place for volume comparator Weight change framework；(6) by self-adaptive computer algorithm parameter space, search for from desired bulking value gap be minimum value index,[H_index, dep_index]=min { DV }H=min { DV, H_index }Dep=min { DV, dep_index },Height value H and the cutting depth that measurement cushion block is obtained using the index are dep optimal solution, so that it is determined that measurement cushion block Machined parameters.
- 2. the design method of the measurement cushion block according to claim 1 based on adaptive algorithm, it is characterised in that step (4) Middle self-adaptive computer algorithm parameter includes the density p of measurement cushion blockd, height H, the width of rebate w and standard test weight of groove Quality mr, volume Vr, density prWith the quality m of counterweight to be measuredt, volume Vt, density ptAnd stepping machining accuracy parameter is Precz, volume comparator electronic balance electric range of weighing τ.
- 3. the design method of the measurement cushion block according to claim 1 based on adaptive algorithm, it is characterised in that：The step Suddenly the self-adaptive computer algorithm performs step of (6) is as follows：Initial value a H and dep are given, it is all to judge whether it meets Constraints；If not satisfied, then continuing next possible solution H and dep+precz, judge whether to meet constraints, if full Foot, record the value into all possible solution space { DV }, the process stopping, until having judged all solutions, in { DV } Optimal H and dep are found, optimal solution meets VexpWith VdBetween difference minimal solution.
- 4. measurement cushion block is to the method for counterweight cubing, its feature obtained by a kind of design method using described in claim 1 It is to be made up of following step：(1) the measurement cushion block to match according to foregoing design method processing with counterweight to be measured；(2) mass value comparison is carried out by volume comparator and standard test weight in a liquid, tries to achieve the actual volume of measurement cushion block Value Vd′；(3) the measurement cushion block that step (1) is processed is placed on the scale pan of volume comparator, then counterweight to be measured is lain in a horizontal plane in In the groove for measuring cushion block, with the volume measuring method based on hydrostatic method, the totality for measuring cushion block and counterweight to be measured is measured Product Vtotal；(4) according to Vt=Vtotal-Vd', obtain counterweight bulking value V to be measuredt, complete counterweight cubing to be measured.
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