CN104694111B - 一种煤层气用低温淡水基压裂转向液及其应用 - Google Patents
一种煤层气用低温淡水基压裂转向液及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种煤层气用低温淡水基压裂转向液及其应用;绒毛剂为0.2~0.5g/100g水,成核剂为0.05~0.1g/100g水,成膜剂为0.1~0.3g/100g水,囊层剂为1.5~1.7g/100g水,成核剂为0.03~0.05g/100g水,抑制剂为0.1~0.15g/100g水,氯化钾为2~3g/100g水,PAC为0.3g/100g水;该压裂转向液的密度为0.85~1.00g/cm3,pH值7~9,塑性粘度45~60mPa·s,静态漏失量≤10mL/30min,动态漏失量≤10mL/30min,岩心渗透率恢复值≥85%,适用于沁水地区煤层气地层完井用。
Description
技术领域
本发明是关于一种压裂转向液,具体是指一种适用于沁水地区煤层气用低温淡水基压裂转向液及应用。
背景技术
压裂转向液是用于完井过程中提高地层孔隙度、提高产量的必备材料之一。调研20余篇文献,对比国内外专项压裂技术及现有转向压裂技术现状目前国内转向压裂液主要是以固体颗粒为主。2000年严锦根等研制了一种水溶性暂堵剂YJDII,主要成分为无机盐类和有机酸类。2000年胡永全等提出堵老缝、压新缝的重复压裂技术,为此,开发了一种老裂缝堵剂XNCQ-PG,同时提出了重复压裂的配套工艺:控制缝高压裂技术和尖部脱砂压裂技术。2003年杨宝泉研发出暂堵剂ZD-1,该暂堵剂为浅黄色颗粒,粒径为2~4mm,密度0.9~1.1g/cm3,24h的水溶率达98%以上,24h酸溶率小于1%,抗压强度为20MPa以上。2004年王清刚等研制了一种高强度水溶性暂堵剂。暂堵剂由水溶性胶、水溶性植物胶、水溶性改性有机物和密度调节剂合成,暂堵剂为不规则颗粒。
通过压裂转向机理调研,2004年刘洪等认为,根据弹性力学理论和岩石破裂准则,裂缝总是沿着垂直于最小水平应力方向启裂。因此,重复压裂井中的应力场分布决定了重压新裂缝的启裂和延伸;2005年王永昌等认为暂堵重复压裂技术的实质是先压开旧裂缝,随后加入暂堵剂进入并有效封堵一定缝长的旧缝,在未被封堵的旧裂缝面压启新裂缝以重新构建裂缝泄油体系;2008年张旭东提出了多次转向重复压裂技术,即通过多次使用高强度暂堵剂临时封堵前次裂缝迫使流体转向来达到压开多条裂缝的目的。其技术关键在于每次投送暂堵剂的数量及每条裂缝的规模控制和裂缝间距的控制,但多次转向重复压裂的具体工艺模糊;调研20余篇文献,认为转向重复压裂暂堵是对原有裂缝及已加沙缝,或炮眼或高渗透带形成高强度暂堵,压裂液无法深入高渗透层,缝内压力升高,迫使天然裂缝开启,促使裂缝转向。提高裂缝内压力是实现裂缝转向的必要条件,而暂堵剂的加入,可以提高缝内压力。暂堵剂颗粒进入原有裂缝或高渗透层连通的井筒的炮眼,部分进入地层中的裂缝端部或高渗透层,在炮眼处和高渗透带产生滤饼桥堵,使后续工作液不能向裂缝和高渗透带进入。转向压裂取得成功的关键有两点,一是暂堵剂在裂缝中形成的桥堵具有足够强度,使缝内压力快速上升到一定值;二是老裂缝壁面处存在应力薄弱点,以利于裂缝转向。
目前现有的转向液大多是颗粒固体转向,而且都是油层方面的研究,没有用于煤层气储层的转向剂。固体颗粒封堵大漏失通道,压裂液无法深入高渗透层,缝内压力升高,迫使天然裂缝开启,促使裂缝转向。
为了更好地解决压裂转向中的困难,本压裂转向液粒度分布15~150μm,自匹配封堵不同形状的地下漏失通道;封堵强度高,现场应用最高承压38MPa;与油气水不同流体配伍性好;强剪切稀释特性,高效悬浮携带支撑剂;无毒,自降解,对储层保护效果明显。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有煤层气层完井过程中,现有压裂转向暂堵材料存在与漏失通道匹配难、气体型流体现场动用设备多等不足,提供一种适用于沁水地区煤层气用低温淡水基压裂转向液及制备和应用,解决煤层气完井过程中的漏失问题和转向不可控等问题。
本发明所述的适用于沁水地区煤层气用低温淡水基压裂转向液,该煤层气用低温淡水基压裂转向液由淡水、绒毛剂、成核剂、囊层剂、成膜剂、氯化钾、PAC、抑制剂配制而成。
根据本发明的优选具体实施方案,本发明的煤层气用低温淡水基压裂转向液中,所述绒毛剂(增粘剂)由黄原胶与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮配制而成;所述成核剂由十二烷基二甲基氧化胺与α-烯基磺酸钠配制而成;成膜剂由三乙醇胺、乙醇与十二醇配制而成;囊层剂由羧甲基淀粉与聚阴离子纤维素配制而成;
所述囊层剂中,所述羧甲基淀粉和聚阴离子纤维素在配制时的质量比为3-5:1;所述绒毛剂中,所述黄原胶、羟丙基胍胶与除氧剂Na2SO3在配制时的质量比为2-4:3-1:1;所述成核剂中,所述十二烷基磺酸钠、聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚、十二烷基二甲基氧化铵和十二烷基硫酸三乙醇铵盐的配制质量比为1-3:1:1:1;所述成膜剂中,所述三乙醇胺、乙醇和十二醇在配制时的质量比为1:1:1-2。
以煤层气用低温淡水基压裂转向液中的水基计,该压裂转向液中绒毛剂加量为0.2~0.5g/100g水,成核剂加量为0.05~0.1g/100g水,成膜剂加量为0.1~0.3g/100g水,囊层剂加量为1.5~1.7g/100g水,成核剂加量为0.03~0.05g/100g水,抑制剂加量为0.1~0.15g/100g水,氯化钾加量为2~3g/100g水,PAC加量为0.3g/100g水。
所述的煤层气用低温淡水基压裂转向液,该压裂转向液的密度0.85~1.00g/cm3,pH值7~9,塑性粘度45~60mPa·s,静态漏失量≤10mL/30min,动态漏失量≤10mL/30min,岩心渗透率恢复值≥85%。
本发明的煤层气用低温淡水基压裂转向液中,所述成核剂主要用于在煤层气用低温淡水基压裂转向液体系内成核,该成核剂能够降低气液表面张力,包裹随机械作用进入体相内气体,能够有效在体系中充分形成气核。本发明中的成核剂与现有技术中其它具有类似作用的处理剂相比,具有用量小、成核作用强的特点,还具有抗盐、抗钙能力强等特性。并且,本发明的成核剂与一般压裂转向液用处理剂配伍性良好,且该成核剂无毒、无害,为环境可接受型处理剂。本发明的成核剂适用于小于等于120℃的温度环境,是一种低温成核剂。
本发明的煤层气用低温淡水基压裂转向液中,所述成膜剂主要形成包裹气核的膜层,初步形成气核结构。本发明中的成膜剂与现有技术中其它具有类似作用的处理剂相比,不仅能够有效降低气核与连续相间的表面张力,还能够在气核外形成包裹气核的高黏层,能够有效防止气核内气体逸出,保持气核稳定,提高气核强度。并且,本发明中的成膜剂与一般压裂转向液用处理剂配伍性良好,且该成膜剂成分为碳水化合物,无毒、无害,为环境可接受型处理剂。本发明中的成膜剂适用于小于等于120℃的温度环境,是一种低温成膜剂。
本发明的煤层气用低温淡水基压裂转向液中,所述各组成原料均可商购获得,可选用普通工业产品。
本发明还提供了所述的低温淡水基压裂转向液在用于煤层气完井过程中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种煤层气完井方法,该方法中利用了本发明所述的煤层气完井用低温淡水基压裂转向液。
煤层气低温淡水基压裂转向液应用于煤层气开采,将处理剂按顺序加入配浆水中,充分搅拌均匀后,性能满足设计要求,即可进行完井(压裂转向)作业。
综上所述,本发明提供了一种煤层气完井用低温淡水基压裂转向液,其是一种新型的自转向压裂转向液,适合煤层气地层完井,配制简易。在性能上,本发明的煤层气完井用低温淡水基压裂转向液除具备现有技术中常用转向材料的特点外,还具备防漏堵漏效果好的优点,解决了低压易漏煤层完井过程中易发生漏失的问题,可有效提高地层的承压能力;且本发明的压裂转向液更具备密度在一定范围内可调的特点。在使用上,本发明不需要特殊配制设备,密度易于调整,可用于煤层气水平井压裂。另外,本发明通过各处理剂的合理配比,使压裂转向液的抗劣质土固相污染能力、抗钙能力增强;压裂转向液性能易于维护。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
本发明下述实施例中的绒毛剂中的黄原胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分别购买于山东阜丰发酵有限公司、济南多吉利工贸有限公司。
本发明下述实施例中的成核剂中的十二烷基二甲基氧化胺、α-烯基磺酸钠分别购买于天津通达精细化工有限公司、天津开发区乐泰化工有限公司。
本发明下述实施例中的成膜剂中的石油醚、油酸山梨醇酯、十二醇分别购买于淄博景天经贸有限公司、江苏省海安石油化工厂、天津威泰化工贸易公司。
实施例1
煤层气完井用低温淡水基压裂转向液的配制
配方为:淡水400g、绒毛剂0.8g、成核剂0.2g、成膜剂1.2g、囊层剂6.0g、抑制剂0.4g、氯化钾8g、PAC1.2g。各组分的质量配比为水:绒毛剂:成核剂:成膜剂:囊层剂:抑制剂:氯化钾:PAC为100:0.2:0.05:0.3:1.5:0.1:2.0:0.3。
按照上述配方,在搅拌条件下,向淡水中依次加入:绒毛剂、成核剂、成膜剂、囊层剂、抑制剂、绿化钾、PAC,即得煤层气完井用低温淡水基压裂转向液搅拌的速度可以控制在5000rpm左右。
2.1 密度测定
用合适量程的压裂转向液用液体密度计,测量煤层气完井用低温淡水基压裂转向液密度。
2.2 塑性粘度、动切力和静切力测定
2.2.1 仪器
采用青岛同春石油仪器有限公司ZNN-D6型旋转粘度计,该粘度计是以电动机为动力的旋转型仪器。压裂转向液处于两个同心圆筒间的环形空间内。外筒(或称转筒)以恒速(rpm)旋转。转筒在压裂转向液中的旋转对内筒(或称悬锤)产生扭矩,扭力弹簧阻止内筒的旋转,而与悬锤相连的表盘指示悬锤的位移。
2.2.2 测定程序
注意:仪器最高工作温度为93℃。如要测定温度高于93℃的压裂转向液,应使用实心的金属内筒或内部完全干燥的空心金属内筒。因为当浸入到高温压裂转向液中时,空心内筒内部的液体可能会蒸发而引起内筒的破裂。
2.2.2.1 测量并记录压裂转向液的温度,以℃为单位表示。
2.2.2.2 将样品注入到容器中,并使转筒刚好浸入至刻度线处。
2.2.2.3 开启仪器,调节转速在600rpm档,待表盘读值恒定后,读取并记录表盘读值。
2.2.2.4 调节转速在300rpm档,待表盘读值恒定后,读取并记录表盘读值。
2.2.3 计算
按式(I)、式(II)分别计算塑性粘度、动切力。
PV=θ600-θ300 (I)
式中:PV为塑性粘度,mPa·s;
YP为动切力,Pa;
θ600、θ300为600rpm、300rpm时的恒定读值,无量纲。
2.3 pH值的测定
用洁净玻璃棒蘸取压裂转向液滴于pH试纸上,对照标准色阶读数。
2.4 堵漏性能测试
静态堵漏实验,使用改进的华北石油管理局钻井工艺研究院DLM-01A型堵漏模拟装置,选择40~60目砂做砂床堵漏实验。加驱压5.5MPa,回压0.5MPa,记录漏失量及堵漏时间。
动态堵漏实验,使用海安石油科研仪器有限公司疏松砂岩产能模拟系统,选取渗透率小于0.5~1μm2地层岩心或人造岩做岩心堵漏实验。加驱压5.5MPa,回压0.5MPa,剪切速率300s-1,记录漏失量及堵漏时间。
2.5 岩心渗透率恢复值测定
按石油天然气行业标准SY/T6540-2002《钻井液完井液损害油层室内评价方法》执行,使用海安石油科研仪器有限公司疏松砂岩产能模拟装置模拟钻井条件下对射孔液的储层保护效果进行研究和评价。
由以上测试步骤2.1~2.5对本发明的压裂转向液的性能进行测试,所得结果参见表1:
表1 1#煤层气完井用低温淡水基压裂转向液性能测试表
项目 | 要求 | 测试值 |
密度,g/cm3 | 0.85~1.00 | 0.92 |
pH值 | 7~9 | 7 |
塑性粘度,mPa·s | 45~60 | 57 |
5Mpa静态漏失量,mL/30min | ≤10 | 4 |
岩心渗透率恢复值,% | ≥85 | 88.13 |
从以上实验结果可以看出,本发明的煤层气完井用低温淡水基压裂转向液的各项性能指标均达到设计要求。
Claims (3)
1.一种煤层气用低温淡水基压裂转向液,其特征在于:该淡水基压裂转向液由淡水、绒毛剂、成核剂、成膜剂、囊层剂、抑制剂、氯化钾和PAC配制而成;
所述淡水为天然淡水或经加工的淡水;
所述绒毛剂由黄原胶与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮配制而成;黄原胶与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮在配制时的质量比为2-4:3-1;
所述成核剂由十二烷基磺酸钠、聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚、十二烷基二甲基氧化铵和十二烷基硫酸三乙醇铵盐的配制质量比为1–3:1:1:1;
所述成膜剂由三乙醇胺、乙醇与十二醇配制而成;三乙醇胺、乙醇和十二醇在配制时的质量比为1:1:1-2;
所述囊层剂由羧甲基淀粉与聚阴离子纤维素配制而成;羧甲基淀粉和聚阴离子纤维素在配制时的质量比为3-5:1;
以煤层气用低温淡水基压裂转向液中的水基计,该压裂转向液中绒毛剂加量为0.2~0.5g/100g水,成核剂加量为0.05~0.1g/100g水,成膜剂加量为0.1~0.3g/100g水,囊层剂加量为1.5~1.7g/100g水,抑制剂加量为0.1~0.15g/100g水,氯化钾加量为2~3g/100g水,PAC加量为0.3g/100g水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的煤层气用低温淡水基压裂转向液,其特征在于:该压裂转向液的密度0.85~1.00g/cm3,pH值7~9,塑性粘度45~60mPa·s,静态漏失量≤10mL/30min,动态漏失量≤10mL/30min,岩心渗透率恢复值≥85%。
3.一种权利要求1所述的煤层气低温淡水基压裂转向液的应用,其特征在于:用做煤层气完井用低温淡水基压裂转向液。
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