CN104692604A - Device using high-voltage pulsed discharge to break excess sludge and application method thereof - Google Patents
Device using high-voltage pulsed discharge to break excess sludge and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104692604A CN104692604A CN201510126131.9A CN201510126131A CN104692604A CN 104692604 A CN104692604 A CN 104692604A CN 201510126131 A CN201510126131 A CN 201510126131A CN 104692604 A CN104692604 A CN 104692604A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- excess sludge
- electrode
- discharge
- pressure vessel
- crack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
A current method for breaking excess sludge has the problems of being high in energy consumption, high in cost and low in breaking rate. The invention provides a device using high-voltage pulsed discharge to break the excess sludge and an application method thereof, or provides a novel device and a technology using a shock wave formed by the instantaneous ultra high temperature and high pressure generated by the high-voltage pulsed discharge to achieve efficient breaking of the excess sludge, and belongs to the technical field of animal vegetable tissue and microorganism crushing. The device is capable of efficiently dispersing zoogloeas in the excess sludge, and ablating and breaking cell walls of germs and macro molecular substances, so that intracellular organic matters in the germs are prompted to flow out, the biodegradability of the excess sludge is greatly improved, and an approach for large-scale efficient treating of the excess sludge is provided. In addition, by changing different technological parameters, the device is applicable to processes such as sterilization and tissue breaking of various industries, and the excellent effect can be delivered by the device.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to animal vegetable tissue and microbial disruption technical field, particularly a kind of utilize high pressure pulse discharge to crack excess sludge device and using method.
Background technology
Wastewater Treated by Activated Sludge Process municipal effluent is the sewage disposal technology be most widely used now, a large amount of excess sludges can be produced in sewage treatment process, it contains other objectionable impuritiess such as a large amount of heavy metal ion, pathogenic agent, organic pollutant, can bring secondary pollution if dealt with improperly to environment.The microbiological treatment excess sludge technology such as anaerobic nitrification not only can realize the minimizing, innoxious of excess sludge, and can also produce a large amount of biogas, realize the resource utilization of excess sludge.But the speed that in excess sludge, the cell walls of bacterium is decomposed under the environment of anaerobically fermenting is comparatively slow, thus hinders organic effective degraded in cell, is the obstacle place of traditional microbiological process excess sludge technology.Therefore, the bacterium in broken excess sludge, makes organism in bacterium born of the same parents fully discharge necessary.
Current excess sludge crack method comprises that ultrasonic wave cracks method, fluid shearing cracks method, broken microwave method, Ozonation, pyrohydrolytic method, and alkaline hydrolysis is in conjunction with ultrasonic disintegration or microwave irradiation etc.Although current various methods respectively have superiority, jointly there is high energy consumption, high cost, the low problem cracking rate.
How to improve the disintegration effect of mud and significantly reduce energy consumption, improving its biodegradable, and improving the output of biogas and efficiency is current problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem, the invention provides a kind of utilize high pressure pulse discharge to crack excess sludge device and using method, the shockwave that the moment superhigh-temperature and-pressure namely utilizing high pressure pulse discharge to produce is formed realizes efficiently cracking a kind of new device and the technology of excess sludge.This kind of device can break up the zoogloea in excess sludge efficiently, ablation disrupt bacteria cell walls and macromolecular substance, impel bacterium intracellular organic matter to flow out, increase substantially the biodegradable of excess sludge, for extensive efficient process excess sludge provides approach.This kind of device can also be applied in the processes such as the sterilizing of industry-by-industry and historrhexis by the different processing parameter of conversion, and has given play to good effect.
Utilize high pressure pulse discharge to crack a device for excess sludge, comprise pressure vessel, mud flow duct, discharge electrode, side cover and insulating nut; Described pressure vessel is housing, and on pressure vessel, be provided with mud flow duct and electrode sockets; The discharge end of described discharge electrode penetrates in container by electrode sockets; Described insulating nut is enclosed within electrode exterior and is fixed on pressure vessel by electrode; Described side cover is enclosed within and is fixed on pressure vessel by insulating nut outside insulating nut; Described device is except electrode discharge position, and outside surface all scribbles insulating material;
Described discharge electrode number be preferably 2 and more than, and electrode discharge end extended line intersects on the central point of pressure vessel;
Described pressure vessel is spherical shell preferably;
Described electrode is provided with screw thread or multi-stage annular groove etc. and regulates electrode to penetrate the structure of container length;
Said apparatus can be connected by mud flow duct and be connected into multilevel device.
Present invention also offers the using method of said apparatus, comprise the steps:
1, insulating nut is enclosed within discharge electrode, then the discharge end of discharge electrode is extend into pressure vessel inside by electrode sockets, and by insulating nut, electrode is fixed on pressure vessel outside surface;
2, side cover is enclosed within outside insulating nut, insulating nut is fixed in side cover and is pressed on pressure vessel;
3, by the screw thread on insulating nut and discharge electrode, multi-stage annular groove or the distance being regulated discharge end insertion container by other structures regulating electrode to penetrate container length, two electrodes are reached and meets the gap of shockwave generation and make the line of electrode discharge end be positioned on the central point of pressure vessel;
4, be connected on discharge electrode by the terminal stud of high power high frequency pulse power source by cable, adjustment pulse power parameters, turn on the power switch, controlled discharge cracks the time;
Wherein, the voltage range of good high frequency pulse power supply is 30 ~ 50KV, and discharge time is 1 ~ 2s;
5, regulate the velocity of flow entering excess sludge in container, make it match with inter-spike intervals, make the excess sludge flowing through this device obtain the shockwave of identical energy, produce blast, broken up by zoogloea in excess sludge, bacteria cell wall and macromolecular substance fragmentation, bacterium intracellular organic matter flows out;
Wherein, good excess sludge velocity of flow can be passed through quick-fried heart scope, to realize good disintegration effect for making mud granule;
6, by the excess sludge discharger after cracking.
Device principle of work designed by this invention is as follows: the high frequency unidirectional pulse electric current that the pulse power produces is applied on discharge electrode by cable, when electrode gap reaches certain distance, because between electrode, water ratio is higher and with the excess sludge of impurity and a large amount of unbound electron abrim, they are under powerful electric field action, form the particle (strength of electric field is larger, and charged particle is more) of positively charged and negative electricity; When voltage reaches certain value, liquid medium is breakdown, forms the discharge channel be made up of the positive electricity of a large amount of high-speed motion, negative electricity and neutral particle; Simultaneously, the electronegative particle of interchannel marches on towards positive pole, the particle of positively charged marches on towards negative pole, mutually clash between particle, particle kinetic transformation is heat energy, makes the temperature that passage reaches high instantaneously, vaporizing liquid also spreads to surrounding with high temperature, again because vapour volume sharply increases, instantaneous generation intense impact wave direction surrounding is propagated, and namely produces explosion effect.
The pulse power can produce the individual pulse of thousands of times even tens thousand of times in one second, and individual pulse electric discharge produces blast impulse wave effect, and after electric discharge end enters interpulse period, liquid medium recovers insulation gradually; When pressure vessel is spherical, the shockwave that electric discharge produces produces reflection on spherical vessel wall, and form secondaries, tertiary wave etc., these ripples become synergistic effect with next surge waveform, enhance the energy of ripple greatly; The shockwave that superhigh-temperature and-pressure causes constantly is impacted to surrounding by liquid medium, forms extremely strong destructiveness; So go round and begin again repetition said process, and the zoogloea in excess sludge is broken up, bacteria cell wall and macromolecular substance ablated and broken, bacterium intracellular organic matter flow out, reach the object cracking excess sludge.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) in order to meet the physical condition of the broken mud of shockwave, realize the object of efficient breaking sludge, adopt large power high voltage pulse power supply as energy outputing device, the shockwave that the moment superhigh-temperature and-pressure that high pressure pulse discharge is produced is formed has enough energy.
(2) in order to better produce reflection wave, realize making full use of of shock wave energy, pressure vessel adopts spherical cavity structure, and the shockwave that impulsive discharge next time produces and the reflection wave that spherical vessel wall produces, form synergistic effect, improve the destructiveness of shockwave, strengthen the effect of sludge disintegration.
(3) in order to meet the requirement of spark discharge to electrode gap, and crack the different demands of different substances shock wave energy, realize the efficiency utilization of energy, adopt electrode gap tunable arrangement and the adjustable pulse power, thus implement device produces destructiveness in various degree.
(4) in order to realize the object of save energy and safe operation, adopt the metallic substance electrode that the internal resistances such as red copper are less, discharge electrode coordinates with insulating nut, and be coated with a large amount of insulating material at outside of deivce, thus ensure that impulsive discharge phenomenon only produces in the gap of two electrode corresponding positions, both achieved and reduced the safe operation that dissipation of energy in turn ensure that device.
(5) structure of the present invention is simple, and cheap for manufacturing cost, security is high, due to the effective application to high-frequency impulse electric discharge phenomena, significantly reduces the energy consumption of sludge disintegration, improves effect and the efficiency of sludge disintegration, and improves the biodegradable of mud.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic front view of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of Fig. 1 along A-A ' direction;
Wherein, 1, pressure vessel, 2, mud flow duct, 3, discharge electrode, 4, side cover, 5, insulating nut;
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the schematic perspective view of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the diagrammatic cross-section of device in embodiment 3.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Utilize high pressure pulse discharge to crack a device for excess sludge, comprise pressure vessel 1, mud flow duct 2, discharge electrode 3, side cover 4 and insulating nut 5; Described pressure vessel 1 is housing, and on pressure vessel 1, be arranged with two mud flow duct and two electrode sockets; The discharge end of described discharge electrode 3 penetrates in container by electrode sockets; Described insulating nut 5 is enclosed within discharge electrode 3 outside and is fixed on by electrode on pressure vessel 1; Described side cover 4 is enclosed within and is fixed on pressure vessel 1 by nut outside insulating nut 5; Described device is except electrode discharge position, and outside surface all scribbles insulating material;
Wherein, described pressure vessel 1 is spherical shell structure, container wall thickness>=1cm, and spherical vessel volume is 3 ~ 5L, and its diameter is
, described mud flow duct 2 diameter is
duct length is H,
for 3:4, H:
for 3:4; Described discharge electrode 3 diameter is 4 ~ 6cm, and electrode is made up of red copper material, and electrode is provided with screw thread, and two discharge electrodes 3 penetrate pressure vessel 1, and the line of its discharge end is positioned on the center of circle of pressure vessel; Described insulating nut 5 is threaded connection with discharge electrode 3; Be provided with nut draw-in groove in side cover 4, insulating nut 5 is fixed in side cover.
Embodiment 2
Utilize high pressure pulse discharge to crack a device for excess sludge, comprise pressure vessel 1, mud flow duct 2, discharge electrode 3, side cover 4 and insulating nut 5; Described pressure vessel 1 is housing, and on pressure vessel 1, be arranged with two mud flow duct and two electrode sockets; The discharge end of described discharge electrode 3 penetrates in container by electrode sockets; Described insulating nut 5 is enclosed within discharge electrode 3 outside and is fixed on by electrode on pressure vessel 1; Described side cover 4 is enclosed within and is fixed on pressure vessel 1 by nut outside insulating nut 5; Described device is except electrode discharge position, and outside surface all scribbles insulating material;
Wherein, described pressure vessel 1 is square case structure, container wall thickness >=1cm, and vessel volume is 3 ~ 5L; Described discharge electrode 3 diameter is 4 ~ 6cm, and electrode is made up of red copper material, and electrode is provided with multi-stage annular groove, and electrode can be regulated to enter the distance of pressure vessel 1; Two discharge electrodes 3 penetrate withstand voltage 1, and its discharge end extended line intersects at the central point of pressure vessel 1.
Embodiment 3
According to the needs that excess sludge cracks, device is connected into by mud flow duct 2 and multistagely cracks system, make excess sludge reach the disintegration effect of needs.
Embodiment 4
Described in embodiment 1, the using method of device is:
1, insulating nut 5 is enclosed within discharge electrode 3, then the discharge end of discharge electrode 3 is extend into pressure vessel 1 by electrode sockets inner, and by insulating nut 5, electrode is fixed on pressure vessel 1 outside surface;
2, side cover 4 is enclosed within outside insulating nut 5, insulating nut 5 is fixed in side cover 4 and is pressed on pressure vessel 1;
3, inserted the distance of container by threaded adjusting discharge end on insulating nut 5 and discharge electrode 3, two electrodes are reached meet the gap that shockwave produces, and make the line of electrode discharge end be positioned on the central point of pressure vessel 1;
4, two of high power high frequency pulse power source terminal studs are connected on two discharge electrodes 3 by cable, adjustment pulse power parameters, turns on the power switch, and controls generating and cracks the time, the voltage range of good high frequency pulse power supply is 30 ~ 50KV, and discharge time is 1 ~ 2s;
5, the velocity of flow of the excess sludge flowing into container is regulated, make it match with inter-spike intervals, make the excess sludge flowing through this device obtain the shockwave of identical energy, produce blast, good mud velocity of flow can be passed through quick-fried heart scope, to realize good disintegration effect for making mud granule; Because between electrode, water ratio is higher and with the excess sludge of impurity and a large amount of unbound electron, they are under powerful electric field action, form the particle of positively charged and negative electricity abrim; When voltage reaches certain value, liquid medium is breakdown, forms the discharge channel be made up of the positive electricity of a large amount of high-speed motion, negative electricity and neutral particle; Simultaneously, the electronegative particle of interchannel marches on towards positive pole, the particle of positively charged marches on towards negative pole, mutually clash between particle, particle kinetic transformation is heat energy, makes the temperature that passage reaches high instantaneously, vaporizing liquid also spreads to surrounding with high temperature, again because vapour volume sharply increases, instantaneous generation intense impact wave direction surrounding is propagated, and namely produces explosion effect;
The pulse power can produce the individual pulse of thousands of times even tens thousand of times in one second, and individual pulse electric discharge produces blast impulse wave effect, and after electric discharge end enters interpulse period, liquid medium recovers insulation gradually; Simultaneously, the shockwave that electric discharge produces produces reflection on spherical vessel wall, and form secondaries, tertiary wave etc., these ripples become synergistic effect with next surge waveform, enhance the energy of ripple greatly; The shockwave that superhigh-temperature and-pressure causes constantly is impacted to surrounding by liquid medium, forms extremely strong destructiveness; So go round and begin again repetition said process, and the zoogloea in excess sludge is broken up, bacteria cell wall and macromolecular substance ablated and broken, bacterium intracellular organic matter flow out, reach the object cracking excess sludge;
6, by the excess sludge discharger after cracking.
Claims (8)
1. utilize high pressure pulse discharge to crack a device for excess sludge, it is characterized in that, comprise pressure vessel, mud flow duct, discharge electrode, side cover and insulating nut; Described pressure vessel is housing, and on pressure vessel, be provided with mud flow duct and electrode sockets; The discharge end of described discharge electrode penetrates in container by electrode sockets; Described insulating nut is enclosed within electrode exterior and is fixed on pressure vessel by electrode; Described side cover is enclosed within outside insulating nut and is fixed on pressure vessel by insulating nut.
2. a kind of device utilizing high pressure pulse discharge to crack excess sludge according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described pressure vessel is spherical shell.
3. a kind of device utilizing high pressure pulse discharge to crack excess sludge according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described discharge electrode number >=2, and electrode discharge end extended line intersects at the central point of pressure vessel.
4. a kind of device utilizing high pressure pulse discharge to crack excess sludge according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described electrode is provided with screw thread or multi-stage annular groove.
5. a kind of device utilizing high pressure pulse discharge to crack excess sludge according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described device can be connected by mud flow duct and be connected into multilevel device.
6. utilize high pressure pulse discharge to crack a using method for the device of excess sludge, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) insulating nut is enclosed within discharge electrode, then the discharge end of discharge electrode is extend into pressure vessel inside by electrode sockets, and by insulating nut, electrode is fixed on pressure vessel outside surface;
(2) side cover is enclosed within outside insulating nut, insulating nut is fixed in side cover and is pressed on pressure vessel;
(3) regulate electrode discharge end to insert the distance of container by the screw thread on insulating nut and discharge electrode or multi-stage annular groove, electrode is reached and meets the gap of shockwave generation and make electrode discharge end extended line intersect at the central point of pressure vessel;
(4) be connected on discharge electrode by the terminal stud of high power high frequency pulse power source by cable, adjustment pulse power parameters, turn on the power switch, controlled discharge cracks the time;
(5) regulate the velocity of flow entering excess sludge in container, make it match with inter-spike intervals, make the excess sludge flowing through this device obtain the shockwave of identical energy, produce blast;
(6) by the excess sludge discharger after cracking.
7. a kind of using method utilizing high pressure pulse discharge to crack the device of excess sludge according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the voltage range of step (4) described high frequency pulse power supply is 30 ~ 50KV; Described discharge time is 1 ~ 2s.
8. a kind of using method utilizing high pressure pulse discharge to crack the device of excess sludge according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the excess sludge velocity of flow described in step (5) can be passed through quick-fried heart scope for making mud granule.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510126131.9A CN104692604B (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2015-03-20 | A kind of device utilizing high pressure pulse discharge to crack excess sludge and using method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510126131.9A CN104692604B (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2015-03-20 | A kind of device utilizing high pressure pulse discharge to crack excess sludge and using method thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN104692604A true CN104692604A (en) | 2015-06-10 |
CN104692604B CN104692604B (en) | 2016-07-20 |
Family
ID=53340220
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510126131.9A Active CN104692604B (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2015-03-20 | A kind of device utilizing high pressure pulse discharge to crack excess sludge and using method thereof |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN104692604B (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105016594A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-11-04 | 嘉诚环保工程有限公司 | Method for treating nutrient substances in excess sludge and special high-voltage alternating-current pulse sludge decomposition device |
CN109368959A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-02-22 | 齐鲁工业大学 | A kind of method of DC additional high pressure impulse electric field processing paper mill sludge |
CN112196500A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2021-01-08 | 中国地质大学(武汉) | Discharging and blockage removing device in natural gas hydrate and petroleum and natural gas exploitation well |
CN114195339A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-03-18 | 深圳市政水环境技术有限公司 | Synchronous sludge reduction method, device and system for recycling sludge carbon source |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103723898A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2014-04-16 | 天津机科环保科技有限公司 | Pipeline type high-voltage decomposition sludge crushing device |
CN203602463U (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-05-21 | 天津凯英科技发展有限公司 | Device for conditioning sludge by using high-voltage electric fields |
CN204569686U (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-08-19 | 东北大学 | A kind of device utilizing high pressure pulse discharge to crack excess sludge |
-
2015
- 2015-03-20 CN CN201510126131.9A patent/CN104692604B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN203602463U (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-05-21 | 天津凯英科技发展有限公司 | Device for conditioning sludge by using high-voltage electric fields |
CN103723898A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2014-04-16 | 天津机科环保科技有限公司 | Pipeline type high-voltage decomposition sludge crushing device |
CN204569686U (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-08-19 | 东北大学 | A kind of device utilizing high pressure pulse discharge to crack excess sludge |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105016594A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-11-04 | 嘉诚环保工程有限公司 | Method for treating nutrient substances in excess sludge and special high-voltage alternating-current pulse sludge decomposition device |
CN109368959A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-02-22 | 齐鲁工业大学 | A kind of method of DC additional high pressure impulse electric field processing paper mill sludge |
CN112196500A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2021-01-08 | 中国地质大学(武汉) | Discharging and blockage removing device in natural gas hydrate and petroleum and natural gas exploitation well |
CN112196500B (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2021-07-16 | 中国地质大学(武汉) | Discharging and blockage removing device in natural gas hydrate and petroleum and natural gas exploitation well |
CN114195339A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-03-18 | 深圳市政水环境技术有限公司 | Synchronous sludge reduction method, device and system for recycling sludge carbon source |
CN114195339B (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2024-03-29 | 深圳市政水环境技术有限公司 | Synchronous sludge reduction method, device and system for sludge carbon source recycling |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN104692604B (en) | 2016-07-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN102583656B (en) | Dielectric barrier discharge water treatment device | |
CN104692604A (en) | Device using high-voltage pulsed discharge to break excess sludge and application method thereof | |
CN102583697B (en) | Dielectric barrier discharge water treatment device and dielectric barrier discharge water treatment method | |
CN105174360A (en) | Method for adopting discharge plasma to activate persulfate | |
US20160159673A1 (en) | Wastewater treatment plant and method for treatment of waste sludge | |
CN105060408B (en) | A kind of submerged cryogenic plasma method of wastewater treatment and device | |
CN202107566U (en) | Equipment for water treatment of high-voltage discharge plasma | |
CN204569686U (en) | A kind of device utilizing high pressure pulse discharge to crack excess sludge | |
CN108298778B (en) | Sludge cell wall breaking system and method based on high-voltage pulse forming line | |
CN101798132A (en) | Large liquid phase high pressure pulse discharging water processor | |
CN101148285A (en) | Method for processing waste water by high-voltage impulse gas-phase humidification discharge | |
CN203741198U (en) | Continuous microwave separation device for sludge | |
JP5749852B2 (en) | Fluid treatment method and system using a flow generator to treat water | |
CN112320882B (en) | Sewage treatment device | |
CN108602694B (en) | Wastewater treatment equipment and method for treating waste sludge by using pulse discharge | |
CN204939042U (en) | A kind of submerged cryogenic plasma wastewater treatment device | |
CN202508912U (en) | Dielectric barrier discharge water treatment device | |
CN107010603A (en) | A kind of ozone generating-device and method for water process | |
CN1944240B (en) | Plasma ozone generator | |
CN202542934U (en) | Dielectric barrier discharge water treatment device | |
CN203602463U (en) | Device for conditioning sludge by using high-voltage electric fields | |
CN105712595A (en) | Advanced treatment system for sludge | |
CN104609519A (en) | Method for wall-breaking treatment of microalgae by using high-voltage pulsed electric field as well as application of method to sewage treatment | |
CN103693721A (en) | Adjustable sewage treatment equipment | |
CN203999032U (en) | A kind of compact cascade type low-temperature atmosphere-pressure discharge plasma is processed the system containing algae sewage |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |