CN104692352B - The method that anode material for lithium-ion batteries surface coats nanoscale iron phosphate - Google Patents
The method that anode material for lithium-ion batteries surface coats nanoscale iron phosphate Download PDFInfo
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method of anode material for lithium-ion batteries surface cladding nanoscale iron phosphate, including following preparation process：Prepare FePO4Solution；Positive electrode is beaten；Dry slurry；Sintered powder sieves, and completes the process of anode material for lithium-ion batteries surface cladding nanoscale iron phosphate.The present invention can be in the fine and close cladding nanoscale FePO of positive electrode surface discontinuities using in-situ synthesized4, significantly improve the security performance and cycle performance of positive electrode.With nanoscale FePO4Noncontinuity clad anode material, shows the security performance of brilliance, in this, as lithium dynamical battery positive electrode, can largely reduce the security risk from material in itself；During 0.2C charge and discharges, after capacity retention ratio is still more than 98%, 2C charge and discharges 500 times during circulation 500 times, 2C/0.2C is more than 94%, and positive electrode degree of polarization is obviously reduced, and shows superior high rate performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to anode material for lithium-ion batteries technical field, more particularly to a kind of anode material for lithium-ion batteries
The method that surface coats nanoscale iron phosphate.
Background technology
By the long lasting effect that international energy is nervous and environment for human survival deteriorates, novel energy substitute traditional energy into
For the long-term trend of social development.Traffic transport industry is the huge field of energy consumption, and the major source of air pollution,
Therefore international community vigorously advocates energy saving and environment friendly alternative energy source and is applied to traffic transport industry, lithium dynamical battery is in this field
Application just come into being, will be increased rapidly with the opening in electric car market, and positive electrode as power battery most
The critical material of core will be in explosive growth.
Power train in vehicle application lithium electricity market is primarily present three kinds of material systems at present：LMO batteries, LFP batteries, NCM ternary system lithiums
Material cell.Comparatively, ternary system lithium-ion-power cell has energy density maximum, technical maturity, platform voltage height, original
The advantages that material supply is ripe, but due to its security and service life problem, large capacity high voltage ternary system lithium power battery pack
It is abnormally dangerous, its application on pure electric automobile is constrained, if safety issue can be solved, will further expand NCM tri-
The application of first based lithium-ion power battery.
In the safety issue of power lithium-ion battery, the positive electrode in electrode material is crucial, and triggers lithium
The principal element of ion battery security risk.Although the safety issue of power battery has been obtained for enough attention,
Serious safety issue still happens occasionally.
The currently known method for improving positive electrode security performance is mainly aoxidized in positive electrode surface coated inorganic
The functional materials such as thing, phosphate, to improve the heat endurance of positive electrode and cycle performance, but all because cladding process not into
It is ripe, without large-scale application in actual effect battery.
Found through retrieval, Application No. 201210428833.9, Publication No. CN102969495A, a kind of entitled " richness
The patent of invention of the method for modifying of lithium anode material ", its step include：Prepare anode material for lithium-ion batteries Li
[NixLi1/3-2x/3Mn2/3-x/3]O2, wherein 1/5≤x≤1/3；Obtained lithium-rich anode material is dispersed in concentration to be not more than
The FeC of 0.95g/L2O4Ultrasound 0.5-5h, then stirs 0.5-5h in solution, instills concentration thereto no more than 0.76g/L's
NH4H2PO4Solution, the slurry then obtained are dry complete at 80-150 DEG C；4-15h is burnt under the conditions of 200-700 DEG C, to obtain the final product
To FePO4The anode material for lithium-ion batteries that surface is modified, improves the high rate performance of lithium-rich anode material, and improve its peace
Full performance.But FeC2O4Solubility it is relatively low, be difficult to obtain dense slurry when infiltrating positive electrode, while heat in atmosphere
When easily decompose output CO, which greatly limits its scale application as initial action raw material.
Retrieve and also found, Gang Li et al. people (G.Li et al./Journal of Power Sources 183 (2008)
741-748) 3wt%FePO is used4To LiCoO2Surface coating modification processing has been carried out, has improved LiCoO2In high voltage (2.75-
4.3,4.4V) chemical property under, improves the heat endurance of material, reduces the thermal runaway effect of material.But the work
Skill uses Fe (NO first3)3·9H2O infiltrates LiCoO2, then add precipitating reagent (NH4)2HPO4, just plus reaction pattern it is inevitable
Cause coating FePO4Skewness is generated, and influences its actual utility.
The content of the invention
The present invention for solve known technology present in technical problem provide a kind of technique simply, producing feasibility degree
Height, and good product consistency, can significantly improve positive electrode security performance and the surface coating modification method of cycle performance, can
To greatly improve the side of the anode material for lithium-ion batteries surface of the material factor of power battery cladding nanoscale iron phosphate
Method.
The present invention includes following technical solution：
The method that anode material for lithium-ion batteries surface coats nanoscale iron phosphate, is 1-3% nanoscales FePO4Cladding
LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Positive electrode；Its main feature is that：Including following preparation process：
Step 1：Prepare FePO4Solution
(1) the pure Fe (NO of analysis are weighed3)3·9H2O is configured to 0.5-1.5mol/L molysite water as source of iron with deionized water
Solution；Weigh the pure NH of analysis4H2PO4For phosphorus source, 0.5-1.5mol/L phosphate aqueous solutions are configured to deionized water；
(2) by step 1, (1) middle molysite aqueous solution is pumped into stainless steel cauldron with metering pump, sets 50 DEG C of reaction temperature, instead
Kettle speed of agitator 150r/min is answered, then (1) middle phosphate aqueous solution is pumped into molysite aqueous solution with metering pump by step 1, control
P/Fe molar ratios in solution are 1.02, are stirred evenly, and form the homogeneously dark brown FePO without precipitation4Aqueous solution；
Step 2：Positive electrode is beaten
(1) LiNi is weighed0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Positive electrode 50kg, is put into the stir storehouse of high-viscosity stirring machine, the cathode
Material particle size D50=8.637 μm, specific surface area 0.32m2/g；
(2) (2) FePO that step 1 is prepared is added4Aqueous solution 13.5L, FePO4And LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Mass ratio be
2.0%；
(3) 40min is beaten with high-viscosity stirring machine, forms dark thick slurry；
Step 3：Dry slurry
Step 2, (3) manufactured dark thick slurry is placed in stainless steel baking pan and is put into air dry oven, sets air blast to do
Dry 150 DEG C of box temperature degree, dries slurry 8h, is taken out after being cooled to room temperature, and forms black powder；
Step 4：Sintered powder
Black powder made of step 3 be loaded on saggar in, with the black powder of 4kg/ saggars in high temperature kiln in 650
DEG C sintering 10h；Rear 400 mesh sieve of direct mistake is cooled to room temperature, obtains nanoscale FePO4The positive electrode of cladding
LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2。
The present invention has the advantage that and good effect：
1. the present invention can be in the fine and close cladding nanoscale FePO of positive electrode surface discontinuities using in-situ synthesized4,
Significantly improve the security performance and cycle performance of positive electrode.With nanoscale FePO4Noncontinuity coats LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2
Exemplified by, national compulsory safety test project can be passed through, the security performance of brilliance is shown, in this, as lithium power electric
Pond positive electrode, can largely reduce the security risk from material in itself；During 0.2C charge and discharges, hold when circulating 500 times
Measuring after conservation rate is still more than 98%, 2C charge and discharges 500 times, 2C/0.2C is more than 94%, and positive electrode degree of polarization is obviously reduced,
Show superior high rate performance.
2. the present invention can both play the beneficial of coating by controlling covering amount to achieve the purpose that noncontinuity coats
Effect, and to avoid because continuity coats the increase of material surface interface resistance, capacity can be caused to reduce the amplitude not phase such as larger
Hope the appearance of side effect.
3. present invention process is simple ripe and easily operated, in the case where not influencing positive electrode energy density, effectively
The safety and cycle performance of material are improved, to promote application of the NCM materials in power battery field.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that cladding nanoscale FePO is made in the embodiment of the present invention 1410K times of SEM photograph afterwards is schemed；
Fig. 2 is that cladding nanoscale FePO is made in the embodiment of the present invention 1450K times of SEM photograph afterwards is schemed；
Fig. 3 is that cladding nanoscale FePO is made in the embodiment of the present invention 14100K times of SEM photograph afterwards is schemed；
Fig. 4 is that cladding nanoscale FePO is made in the embodiment of the present invention 14XRD spectrum afterwards.
Embodiment
For can further disclose the present invention invention, features and effects, especially exemplified by following instance and with reference to attached drawing into
Row describes in detail as follows.
The method that anode material for lithium-ion batteries surface coats nanoscale iron phosphate, its main feature is that：Step is prepared including following
Suddenly：
Step 1：Prepare FePO4Solution
(1) the pure Fe (NO of analysis are weighed3)3·9H2O is configured to 0.5-1.5mol/L molysite water as source of iron with deionized water
Solution；Weigh the pure NH of analysis4H2PO4For phosphorus source, 0.5-1.5mol/L phosphate aqueous solutions are configured to deionized water；
(2) by step 1, (1) middle molysite aqueous solution is pumped into stainless steel cauldron with metering pump, setting reaction temperature 40-60
DEG C, reaction kettle speed of agitator 130-180r/min, then by step 1, (1) with metering pump to be pumped into molysite water-soluble for middle phosphate aqueous solution
In liquid, it is 1-2 to control the P/Fe molar ratios in solution, forms FePO4Solution；
Step 2：Positive electrode is beaten
The FePO with the mass content 1-5% of anode material for lithium-ion batteries is added in anode material for lithium-ion batteries4
Solution stirs into slurry；
Step 3：Dry slurry
By the slurry stirred into step 2 at 120-180 DEG C, 5-10h is dried, cooled to room temperature, forms powder.
Step 4：Sintered powder
The powder being dried into step 3 is sintered 8-15h at a temperature of 500-700 DEG C；Cooled to room temperature, sieving,
Complete the process of anode material for lithium-ion batteries surface cladding nanoscale iron phosphate.
The anode material for lithium-ion batteries is particle diameter D50=8.637 μm, specific surface area 0.32m2/ g's
LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Material.
The mashing is high-viscosity stirring machine with equipment.
The drying slurry is air dry oven with equipment.
The sintered powder is high temperature kiln with equipment.
Embodiment 1：
2% nanoscale FePO4Coat LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Positive electrode
Step 1：Prepare homogeneous FePO4Solution
(1) iron nitrate solution is prepared
Weigh the pure Fe (NO of analysis3)3·9H2O is configured to 1.0mol/L molysite aqueous solutions as source of iron with deionized water；
Weigh the pure NH of analysis4H2PO4For phosphorus source, 1.0mol/L phosphate aqueous solutions are configured to deionized water；
(2) homogeneous FePO is prepared4Solution
Prepared molysite aqueous solution is pumped into stainless steel cauldron with metering pump first, sets 50 DEG C of reaction temperature,
Reaction kettle speed of agitator 150r/min, is then pumped into phosphate aqueous solution in molysite aqueous solution with metering pump, controls in solution
P/Fe molar ratios be 1.02, stir evenly, form a kind of homogeneously dark brown FePO without precipitation4Aqueous solution；
Step 2：Positive electrode is beaten
(1) LiNi is weighed0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Positive electrode 50kg, is put into the stir storehouse of high-viscosity stirring machine, the cathode
Material particle size D50=8.637 μm, specific surface area 0.32m2/g；
(2) (2) FePO that step 1 is prepared is added4Aqueous solution 13.5L, FePO4And LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Mass ratio be
2.0%；
(3) 40min is beaten with high-viscosity stirring machine, forms dark thick slurry；
Step 3：Dry slurry
Step 2, (3) manufactured dark thick slurry is placed in stainless steel baking pan and is put into air dry oven, sets air blast to do
Dry 150 DEG C of box temperature degree, dries slurry 8h, is taken out after being cooled to room temperature, and forms black powder.
Step 4：Sintering
Black powder made of step 3 be loaded on saggar in, with the black powder of 4kg/ saggars in high temperature kiln in 650
DEG C sintering 10h；Rear 400 mesh sieve of direct mistake is cooled to room temperature, obtains nanoscale FePO4The positive electrode of cladding
LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2。
After tested, D50=8.754 μm, specific surface area 0.43m2/g。
The FePO it can be seen from Fig. 1~34In positive electrode surface crystallization and cladding is achieveed the purpose that, Fig. 3 shows
Show, FePO4In irregular monocrystalline state, full-size about 100nm；Fig. 4 shows that coating does not change the crystal structure of material,
Free from admixture peak occurs.The material prepared using the present invention assembles 2032 button cells and 18650 actual effect batteries are verified, knot
Fruit sees Tables 1 and 2.The data result of Tables 1 and 2 shows, the LiNi being modified through the method for the present invention0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Material times
Rate performance, cycle performance and security performance obtain beneficial lifting effect.
Embodiment 2：
1% nanoscale FePO4Coat LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Material
It is 0.5mol/L to change molysite aqueous solution and phosphate aqueous solution concentration in embodiment 1, and other steps are constant, bag
Cover rear LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2, D50=8.569 μm, specific surface area 0.36m2/g。
Embodiment 3：
3% nanoscale FePO4Coat LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Material
It is 1.5mol/L to change molysite aqueous solution and phosphate aqueous solution concentration in embodiment 1, other steps are constant, bag
Cover rear LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2, D50=8.832 μm, specific surface area 0.56m2/g。
Comparative example 1：
Self-designed L iNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2, coating modification processing, positive electrode particle diameter D are not50=8.637 μm, compare surface
Product is 0.32m2/g。
Table 1：The 2032 button cell performance test tables that embodiment 1-3 makes with 1 positive electrode of comparative example
Table 2：The 18650 actual effect battery safeties test table that embodiment 1-3 makes with 1 positive electrode of comparative example
Positive electrode employed in the present invention may be equally applicable for LiCoO2、LiMn2O4, NCM series, rich lithium material
Deng therefore not to repeat here.
The present invention combines Fig. 1 extremely by embodiment 1-3 in Tables 1 and 2 and the comparison of known 1 data of comparative example example
Fig. 4, it can be seen that nanoscale FePO is suitably coated in positive electrode surface discontinuities by in-situ synthesized4(＜ 100nm)
Afterwards, the heat endurance of material can be significantly improved, and then improves the security performance of material, national security pressure can be passed through
Inspection project, reduces the hidden danger and risk safe to use of material itself；Because FePO4Itself there is electro-chemical activity, it is aobvious at it
While writing reduction positive electrode surface and electrolyte contacts area, it remains normal ion channel for place body material again,
Normal deintercalation without influencing lithium ion, the cycle performance and high rate performance of product also bring out the best in each other and have larger improvement, and 0.2C fills
When putting, after capacity retention ratio is still more than 98%, 2C charge and discharges 500 times during circulation 500 times, 2C/0.2C is more than 94%, positive electrode
Degree of polarization is small, shows superior high rate performance；The invented technology is simple, easily operated, but beneficial to effect caused by it
Fruit is huge, has very big market development potential.
Operation principle：
There is security incident, the chemical reaction mainly occurred by electrode and coming into full contact with for electrolyte in lithium ion battery
Cause.The main component of electrolyte is organic ester, and flash-point is very low, boiling point is relatively low, can burn or even explode under certain condition.
Cell positive material in Charging state is strong oxidizing property compound, while the negative material in Charging state is strong reducing property
Compound, if battery overheats, can cause the carbonic ester in electrolyte to be oxidized and reduced, and produce a large amount of gases and more
Heat, if gas and heat accumulation can not discharge rapidly, inner pressure of battery will steeply rise and cause on fire or even explosion.By
Positive electrode surface coats the nanoscale FePO of noncontinuity4The contact area of electrode and electrolyte can be reduced, is prevented or slow
Solve dissolving and erosion of the electrolyte to positive electrode, while improve the heat endurance of material, avoid because battery thermal runaway and
Cause the generation of security incident.
Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described above in conjunction with attached drawing, the invention is not limited in upper
The embodiment stated, above-mentioned embodiment is only schematical, be not it is restricted, this area it is common
Technical staff in the case of present inventive concept and scope of the claimed protection is not departed from, may be used also under the enlightenment of the present invention
By make it is many in the form of.These are belonged within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the method that anode material for lithium-ion batteries surface coats nanoscale iron phosphate, is 2% nanoscale FePO4Cladding
LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Positive electrode；It is characterized in that：Including following preparation process：
Step 1：Prepare FePO4Solution
(1) the pure Fe (NO of analysis are weighed3)3·9H2O is configured to 1.0mol/L molysite aqueous solutions as source of iron with deionized water；Weigh
Analyze pure NH4H2PO4For phosphorus source, 1.0mol/L phosphate aqueous solutions are configured to deionized water；
(2) by step 1, (1) middle molysite aqueous solution is pumped into stainless steel cauldron with metering pump, sets 50 DEG C of reaction temperature, reaction kettle
Speed of agitator 150r/min, then by step 1, (1) middle phosphate aqueous solution is pumped into molysite aqueous solution with metering pump, controls solution
In P/Fe molar ratios be 1.02, stir evenly, form the homogeneous dark brown FePO without precipitation4Aqueous solution；
Step 2：Positive electrode is beaten
(1) LiNi is weighed0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Positive electrode 50kg, is put into the stir storehouse of high-viscosity stirring machine, the positive electrode grain
Footpath D50=8.637 μm, specific surface area 0.32m2/g；
(2) (2) FePO that step 1 is prepared is added4Aqueous solution 13.5L, FePO4And LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Mass ratio be
2.0%；
(3) 40min is beaten with high-viscosity stirring machine, forms dark thick slurry；
Step 3：Dry slurry
Step 2, (3) manufactured dark thick slurry is placed in stainless steel baking pan and is put into air dry oven, sets air dry oven
150 DEG C of temperature, dries slurry 8h, is taken out after being cooled to room temperature, and forms black powder；
Step 4：Sintered powder
Black powder made of step 3 is loaded in saggar, is burnt with the black powder of 4kg/ saggars in high temperature kiln in 650 DEG C
Tie 10h；Rear 400 mesh sieve of direct mistake is cooled to room temperature, obtains nanoscale FePO4The positive electrode LiNi of cladding0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2。
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107516730A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2017-12-26 | 珠海泰坦储能科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation of the lithium sulfur battery anode material of phosphoric acid iron and the lithium-sulfur cell containing this positive electrode |
| CN106654196A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-05-10 | 深圳市沃特玛电池有限公司 | Preparation method for ternary positive electrode material of lithium battery |
| CN106829906A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-06-13 | 成都育芽科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of new energy battery-grade iron phosphate |
| CN107369816A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-11-21 | 芜湖浙鑫新能源有限公司 | Anode material for lithium-ion batteries of ferric phosphate cladding and preparation method thereof |
| CN107768628B (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2020-06-23 | 上海电力学院 | Lithium ion battery anode material and preparation method thereof |
| KR20220017652A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2022-02-14 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | Fabrication method of positive electrode for battery and secondary battery including same |
| KR20220017660A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2022-02-14 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | Fabrication method of negative electrode for battery and secondary battery including same |
| CN112928248A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-06-08 | 风帆有限责任公司 | Positive active material of lithium battery, preparation method and preparation method of lithium battery |
| CN114220968A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-03-22 | 荆门市格林美新材料有限公司 | Coated LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4Lithium ion battery anode material and preparation method thereof |
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