CN104690292A - Preparation method for platinum-gallium alloy nano-particles - Google Patents
Preparation method for platinum-gallium alloy nano-particles Download PDFInfo
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- CN104690292A CN104690292A CN201510113048.8A CN201510113048A CN104690292A CN 104690292 A CN104690292 A CN 104690292A CN 201510113048 A CN201510113048 A CN 201510113048A CN 104690292 A CN104690292 A CN 104690292A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of nanometer materials, in particular to a preparation method for platinum-gallium alloy nano-particles. The preparation method includes the following steps of firstly, conducting mixing, wherein solid acetylacetone platinum powder and solid acetylacetone gallium powder are integrated into unsaturated amine to be evenly mixed, and a mixed solution is obtained; secondly, conducting reaction, wherein the mixed solution is heated under the water-free and oxygen-free environment, and a reaction solution is obtained; thirdly, conducting recycling, wherein reaction solution is centrifuged, sediment is washed and recycled, and the platinum-gallium alloy nano-particles are obtained. The platinum-gallium alloy nano-particles prepared through the method have the advantages of being uniform in size distribution, adjustable in components, narrow in particle diameter distribution, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of nano material, particularly relate to a kind of preparation method of platinum gallium alloy nano particle.
Background technology
Compared with body phase material, noble metal nanometer material shows many distinct physicochemical properties, has showed application prospect widely at space flight, the energy, medicine, environmental protection, chemical industry and photoelectric field.Research shows, the character of noble metal nanometer material and its pattern and size closely related, people can realize the regulation and control to its performance by the appearance structure and size controlling noble metal nanometer material, but the controlledly synthesis how realizing noble metal nanometer material is the key realizing its application.
Platinum is as a kind of common precious metal material, based on the physicochemical properties of its excellence, have at catalytic field and apply very widely, but also there are some problems in use in platinum catalyst, such as, platinum catalyst is the electrocatalyst materials be most widely used, its high cost and rare resource are generally considered as the biggest obstacle of commercializing fuel cells, to add when platinum is applied to fuel cell to be poisoned by carbon monoxide or some other pollution sources and cause producing a series of technical problem, therefore, need the high-performance that research is novel badly, the electrocatalyst materials of low cost replaces platinum to overcome these restraining factors as the electrode of fuel cell.Research shows, prepare stability and reactivity that composite catalyst contributes to improving platinum catalyst, such as, when adding gallium element as auxiliary agent in platinum catalyst, the reactivity of catalyst can not only be significantly improved, and the stability of catalyst can be improved, by regulating the content of gallium in catalyst, can make catalyst present good aromatisation, isomerization or hydrocracking reaction selective.The existing method preparing composite catalyst comprises physical mixed, active nanoparticles is carried on carrier, the decomposition of metal-carbonyl, the reduction of slaine and bimetallic common reduction etc.But the composite catalyst composition prepared of physical mixing processes and domain size distribution uneven; It is lower that load method preparation method obtains catalyst nano Compound Degree, poor repeatability, although can increase Compound Degree by post processing, can reduce the catalytic performance of catalyst to a certain extent and increase process costs; The method such as electronation and thermal decomposition exists that synthesis mechanism is unclear, productive rate is lower, poor repeatability, the problems such as cannot to synthesize on a large scale.Therefore the practical application tool of method to platinum based catalyst developing a kind of composite catalyst that efficient prepared composition is evenly distributed, scale topography is controlled is of great significance.
Because above-mentioned defect, the design people, actively in addition research and innovation, to founding a kind of method efficiently preparing platinum gallium alloy nano particle, make it have more value in industry.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the object of this invention is to provide the preparation method of the platinum gallium alloy nano particle of the advantages such as a kind of obtained platinum gallium alloy nano particle has even size distribution, composition is adjustable, narrow diameter distribution.
The preparation method of platinum gallium alloy nano particle of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) mix: acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum pressed powder and acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione gallium pressed powder being incorporated in unsaturated amine and to mix, obtain mixed solution, preferably, unsaturated amine is oleyl amine;
2) react: under anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, heat described mixed solution, obtain reactant liquor;
3) reclaim: centrifugal described reactant liquor and washing and recycling precipitation, obtain platinum gallium alloy nano particle.
In above-mentioned system, oleyl amine plays the triple role of solvent, reducing agent and surfactant, utilizes oleyl amine reproducibility by platinum, gallium presoma, and the platinum gallium alloy nano particle that size is controlled, composition is adjustable is prepared at high temperature common reduction.
Oleyl amine is also known as 9-octadecenyl amine, and molecular formula is CH
3(CH
2)
7cH=CH (CH
2)
7cH
2nH
2, be C18 unsaturated amine, colourless to weak yellow liquid or crystallization, penetrating odor, is corrosive, fusing point 18-26 DEG C, boiling point 348-350 DEG C, and density 0.83 is water insoluble, is dissolved in ethanol or ether.
Acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum pressed powder is yellow solid powder, stable under normal temperature and pressure, melts at 249-252 DEG C and decomposes; Acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione gallium pressed powder is white solid powder, melts at 196-198 DEG C and decomposes.In order to ensure reaction effect, described step 2) in, reaction temperature is 280 DEG C ~ 350 DEG C, and the reaction time is 1 ~ 2h, and reaction pressure is 10
1pa ~ 10
3pa.
Specific experiment step, can in the following way:
1) in glove box, a certain amount of acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione gallium pressed powder and acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum pressed powder is taken in reactor, reactor can select three-neck flask, pipettes a certain amount of oleyl amine simultaneously, rocks and makes it mix, make mixed solution;
2) by step 1) described in the reactor filling mixed solution that configures be connected to and be connected in the path of nitrogen, use heating jacket to make it be warming up to 280 DEG C ~ 350 DEG C, and to maintain the reaction time be 1 ~ 2h;
3) question response terminates, and is cooled to room temperature, then centrifuge washing, and use cyclohexane give is good solvent, and ethanol washs as poor solvent.
The present invention also provides a kind of platinum gallium alloy nano particle, obtained by said method, by regulating the amount of taking of acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione gallium and acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum, controlling the platinum gallium alloy nano particle obtaining different size and heterogeneity, regulating size between 4-10nm.
By such scheme, the present invention at least has the following advantages:
Adopt one-step method, use oleyl amine solution as solvent, reducing agent and surfactant, in nitrogen environment, the common reduction both promoting under utilizing the reduction high temperature of oleyl amine, nucleation and growth.In the synthesis field of a new product, the method of synthesis platinum gallium alloy nano particle of the present invention can complete at short notice, and under hot conditions, use the whole synthetic system of nitrogen protection to make preparation process more reasonable, be more prone to control grain graininess, the method not only substantially reduces the generated time of platinum gallium alloy nano particle, and the platinum gallium alloy nanoparticle size homogeneity obtained is good, and by changing platinum, the concentration of gallium presoma and ratio can regulate and control the content of each component in the size of nano particle and alloy effectively, for the extensive use of platinum gallium alloy nano particle provides the foundation.By advantages such as platinum gallium alloy nano particle has even size distribution, composition is adjustable, narrow diameter distributions that method of the present invention is obtained, show huge application potential in fields such as nano-catalytic, magnetics application, information storage, nanosecond medical science, bio-sensing and photothermal techniques.
Above-mentioned explanation is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to better understand technological means of the present invention, and can be implemented according to the content of description, coordinates accompanying drawing to be described in detail as follows below with preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the X-ray powder diffraction spectrogram of platinum gallium alloy nano particle in the embodiment of the present invention four;
Fig. 2 be in the embodiment of the present invention four under platinum gallium alloy nano particle different amplification transmission electron microscope figure;
Fig. 3 is platinum gallium alloy nano particle transmission electron microscope element map spectrogram in the embodiment of the present invention four;
Fig. 4 is the X-ray powder diffraction spectrogram of the embodiment of the present invention more than five kind of platinum gallium alloy nano particle;
Fig. 5 is the transmission electron microscope figure of the embodiment of the present invention more than five kind of platinum gallium alloy nano particle.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one
The preparation method of a kind of platinum gallium alloy nano particle described in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) mix: in glove box, take 0.0073g acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione gallium pressed powder and 0.0079g acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum pressed powder in reactor, reactor can select three-neck flask, pipette 40mL oleyl amine adds wherein simultaneously, rocks and makes it mix, make mixed solution;
2) react: by step 1) described in the reactor filling mixed solution that configures be connected to and be connected in the path of nitrogen, use heating jacket to make it be warming up to 280 DEG C ~ 350 DEG C, and to maintain the reaction time be 1 ~ 2h;
3) reclaim: question response terminates, and is cooled to room temperature, then centrifuge washing, and use cyclohexane give is good solvent, and ethanol washs as poor solvent.
The platinum gallium alloy nano particle that the present embodiment preparation method obtains, it is of a size of 7.21nm, and in alloy, the content of each component is Pt:Ga=42:58.
Embodiment two
The preparation method of a kind of platinum gallium alloy nano particle described in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, its reaction is substantially identical with the preparation method described in embodiment one with recovery method, does not repeat them here.
Difference part is: the acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione gallium pressed powder taken in glove box and acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum pressed powder are respectively 0.0441g and 0.0472g, and the oleyl amine simultaneously pipetted is 40mL.
The platinum gallium alloy nano particle that the present embodiment preparation method obtains, it is of a size of 10.17nm, and in alloy, the content of each component is Pt:Ga=30:70.
Embodiment three
The preparation method of a kind of platinum gallium alloy nano particle described in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, its reaction is substantially identical with the preparation method described in embodiment one with recovery method, does not repeat them here.
Difference part is: the acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione gallium pressed powder taken in glove box and acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum pressed powder are respectively 0.0881g and 0.0472g, and the oleyl amine simultaneously pipetted is 40mL.
The platinum gallium alloy nano particle that the present embodiment preparation method obtains, it is of a size of 7.91, and in alloy, the content of each component is Pt:Ga=38:62.
Embodiment four
The preparation method of a kind of platinum gallium alloy nano particle described in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, its reaction is substantially identical with the preparation method described in embodiment one with recovery method, does not repeat them here.
Difference part is: the acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione gallium pressed powder taken in glove box and acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum pressed powder are respectively 0.0441g and 0.0944g, and the oleyl amine simultaneously pipetted is 40mL.
The platinum gallium alloy nano particle that the present embodiment preparation method obtains, its average-size is 7.32nm, and in alloy, the content of each component is Pt:Ga=69:31.
Embodiment five
Adopt the preparation method of the platinum gallium alloy nano particle of above-described embodiment, the platinum gallium alloy nano particle of preparation, use X-ray powder diffraction is analyzed, result is more consistent: in product system, the crystallinity of platinum gallium alloy nano particle is good, by comparison standard x RD spectrogram, in product, there is not platinum, gallium simple substance, but jointly reduce and define alloy structure; Wherein, as shown in Figure 1, for the X-ray powder diffraction spectrogram of platinum gallium alloy nano particle obtained in above-described embodiment one, as can be seen from diffracting spectrum, result as aforementioned, in product system, the crystallinity of platinum gallium alloy nano particle is good, by comparison standard x RD spectrogram, in product, there is not platinum, gallium simple substance, but jointly reduce and define alloy structure.
For platinum gallium alloy nano particle obtained in embodiment one, Fig. 2 a-2d is the transmission electron microscope figure of (50nm, 100nm, 10nm, 10nm) under different amplification respectively.As can be seen from the figure the particle diameter synthesizing particle is about 5 ~ 8nm, and the platinum gallium alloy nano particle that the preparation method of platinum gallium alloy nano particle of the present invention obtains is described, narrow diameter distribution, dimensional homogeneity is good.
In addition, for platinum gallium alloy nano particle obtained in embodiment one, as shown in Figure 3, in figure, 3a represents the angle of elevation annular dark-scanning transmission charge pattern of platinum gallium alloy nano particle to the transmission electron microscope element map spectrogram under 10nm rank multiplication factor; 3b-3d represents the element Surface scan figure (3d) of element Surface scan figure (3c) gallium element of platinum element and the superposition spectrogram (3b) of both signals respectively.Obviously can find out that from figure the distribution of platinum and gallium is very even, and the situation not having simple substance independently to distribute occurs.
Embodiment six
By regulating the different proportion of acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum and acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione gallium, regulation and control obtain the platinum gallium alloy nano particle of different size and heterogeneity ratio.By analysis three kinds of typical samples of ICP, obtain platinum, gallium component ratio is respectively 30:70,38:62,69:31, the preparation method of the platinum gallium alloy nano particle respectively in corresponding embodiment two, three, four.
Fig. 4 is the X-ray powder diffraction spectrogram of the platinum gallium alloy nano particle of the platinum gallium alloy nano particle of the different size prepared of the present embodiment and element different, and in figure, from top to bottom corresponding platinum, gallium component ratio are respectively 69:31,38:62,30:70 respectively; As can be seen from the figure, the platinum gallium alloy nanoparticle features absorption peak strength of different size and heterogeneity ratio is different, represents the crystal property difference to some extent of product, comparison standard x RD spectrogram, there is not platinum, gallium simple substance in product, but common reduction defines alloy structure.
Fig. 5 a-5c is the transmission electron microscope figure of the platinum gallium alloy nano particle of heterogeneity ratio prepared by the present embodiment respectively, and in figure, grain diameter is between 4 ~ 10nm, and in figure, the corresponding platinum of a, gallium component ratio are Pt:Ga=30:70; The corresponding platinum of b, gallium component ratio are Pt:Ga=38:62; The corresponding platinum of c, gallium component ratio are Pt:Ga=69:31.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be not limited to the present invention; should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; under the prerequisite not departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and modification, these improve and modification also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a preparation method for platinum gallium alloy nano particle, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) mix: acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum pressed powder and acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione gallium pressed powder to be incorporated in unsaturated amine and to mix, obtaining mixed solution;
2) react: under anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, heat described mixed solution, obtain reactant liquor;
3) reclaim: centrifugal described reactant liquor and washing and recycling precipitation, obtain platinum gallium alloy nano particle.
2. the preparation method of platinum gallium alloy nano particle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 1) in, unsaturated amine is oleyl amine.
3. the preparation method of platinum gallium alloy nano particle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 1) in, in glove box, acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum pressed powder and acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione gallium pressed powder to be incorporated in unsaturated amine and to mix, obtain mixed solution, and described mixed solution is added in reactor.
4. the preparation method of platinum gallium alloy nano particle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2) in, the protection gas in course of reaction is nitrogen.
5. the preparation method of platinum gallium alloy nano particle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2) in, reaction temperature is 280 DEG C ~ 350 DEG C, and the reaction time is 1 ~ 2h.
6. the preparation method of platinum gallium alloy nano particle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2) in, reaction pressure is 10
1pa ~ 10
3pa.
7. the preparation method of platinum gallium alloy nano particle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 3) in, use cyclohexane give is good solvent, and ethanol washs as poor solvent.
8. a platinum gallium alloy nano particle, is prepared by the preparation method of the platinum gallium alloy nano particle according to any one of claim 1-7.
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| CN106040234A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-10-26 | 苏州大学 | Platinum and gallium composite nano-catalyst and preparation method thereof |
| CN108393500A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-08-14 | 安徽师范大学 | A kind of Mo-Ni alloy nano particles composite material and preparation method and application |
| CN109521078A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-03-26 | 上海大学 | Alloy nanometer crystals/vulcanization molybdenum composite material, its jettisonable electrochemical sensor and its manufacturing method |
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